Hamdard Intitiut of Management Sciences Business Research Methodology - Report

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15083150-Slums-of-Karachi-Business-Research-Methodologies
HAMDARD INTITIUT OF MANAGEMENT SCIENCES BUSINESS RESEARCH METHODOLOGY – REPORT
ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
METHODS OF BUSINESS RESEARCH
REPORT ON THE TOPIC OF
SLUMS OF KARACHI
Submitted to: Mr. AKTAR AHSAN
Submitted by: 3) MR. M. Faisal Panawala
(MEN-2200649)
4) MR. Muhammad Ashar Jameel
(MEN-2200344)
Submission Date: 23rd APRIL, 2007
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ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
TABLE OF CONTENTS
S/ NO. DESCRIPTION PAGE NO.
01. 02. 03. 04. 05. 06. 07.
LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL PREFACE ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS INTERNATION SCENARIO HIGHLIGHTS
OF UN REPORT REVISITING KARACHI’S HERITAGE POPULATION GROWTH CHART OF KARACHI
GENERAL PATTERN OF POPULATION MODERN KARACHI SLUMS IN THE WAY OF KARACHI
KARACHI’S PROGRESS ADULT MORTALITY IN SLUMS OF KARACHI DETERMINANTS OF CHILD
MORTALITY IN KARACHI DEVELOPMENT SCENARIO IN SINDH ROLE OF NGO’S IN SOCIAL
SECTOR
04 05 06 07 08 10
12 12 13
08. 09. 10.
14
11.
16
12.
17 18 21
13. 14.
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ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
23rd April, 2007
Mr. Akhtar Ahsan Hamdard Institute of Management Sciences Hamdard University
City Campus Karachi. Subject: LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL Dear Sir, With all due
respect we are thankful to you for giving us a worth-while opportunity to have
the new experience which is not only fruitful in our present but also will help
us in future because of its practical nature and application. Enclosed find
herewith a term report for Business Research Methodology. This report is
prepared on Slums of Karachi. In order to make this report reliable, authentic
and near to the facts, we tried our level best to get as much information from
concerned people as we can. Report is submitted for your kind perusal please.
Page 1
1. Mr. Faisal Panawala 2. Mr. Muhammad Ashar Jameel
____________________ ____________________
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ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
PREFACE
To fulfill the requirement of our report we four students combined together were
asked to make a group and prepare a research report on slums of Karachi. We
chose the area of Nazimabad, layri, Akhtar Colony, Khoprapar etc to conduct our
research.
During preparation of this report, all the members of the group completely
cooperated with each other. Each of us tried our best to incorporate and
implement all the aspects taught to us in the course.
Now, the decision about the authentication and standard of the report is in the
hands of our respected teacher Mr. Aktar Ahsan and we hope that our report will
receive a favorable consideration at our teacher’s hands.
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ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
First of All we are grateful to Almighty Allah, for his blessings that enabled
us to understand and undertake the opportunity for completing this report with
the right approach and sense of direction.
We wish to express our sincere thanks to Mr. Akhtar Ahsan the respected teacher
for giving us an opportunity to work on a practical approach project and giving
us the guidance to complete the same.
We would also like to thank all the friends, colleagues and concerned persons
who helped us in the preparation of this report.
Special thanks go to all of our team members who contributed in the formation of
this report in order to make it they tried their level best and each member
collected as much information as they can.
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ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
International Scenario
At least one billion people live in slums, with the highest percentage of them
found in Asia, Africa and Latin America, according to a new report by the United
Nations Human Settlements Program (UN-HABITAT). The UN report The Challenge of
Slums: Global Report on Human Settlements 2003 was published on World Habitat
Day, 6 October 2003. At a press briefing, Anna K. Tibaijuka, UN-HABITAT
executive director, told City Mayors that at least 40 per cent of settlements in
the world were classified as slums.
The UN General Secretary Kofi Annan said that slums represented the worst of
urban poverty and inequality. Yet the world had the resources, know-how and
power to reach the target established in the Millennium Declaration. He appealed
to the world: “It is my hope that this report, and the best practices it
identifies, will enable all actors involved to overcome the apathy and lack of
political will that have been a barrier to progress, and move ahead with greater
determination and knowledge in our common effort to help the world’s slum
dwellers to attain lives of dignity, prosperity and peace.”
Key findings in the report show that Asia has about 550 million people living in
slums, followed by Africa with 187 million, and Latin America and the Caribbean
Page 2
with 128 million. While slums have largely disappeared in developed countries,
the report still found that there were approximately 54 million urban dwellers
in high-income countries living in slum-like conditions.
The UN findings also revealed that sub-Saharan Africa had the highest rate of
slumdwellers with 72 per cent of the urban population living in slums, followed
by South Central Asia with 59 per cent, east Asia with 36 per cent, western Asia
with 33 per cent, and Latin America and the Caribbean with 32 per cent. Although
the concentration of
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ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
slum dwellers is highest in African cities, in numbers alone, Asia accounts for
some 60 per cent of the world’s urban slum residents. The report stresses the
urgent need to do much more to improve the lives of slum-dwellers.
Some highlights from the UN report
• Some 923,986,000 people, or 31.6 per cent of the world’s total urban
population, live in slums; some 43 per cent of the urban population of all
developing regions combined live in slums; some 78.2 per cent of the urban
population in the least developed countries live in slums; some six per cent of
the urban population in developed regions live in slum-like conditions.
• The total number of slum-dwellers in the world increased by about 36 per cent
during the 1990s and in the next 30 years, the global number of slum-dwellers
will increase to about two billion if no concerted action to address the
challenge of slums is taken.
• More than 41 per cent of Kolkata’s (Calcutta) slum households have lived in
slums for more than 30 years.
• In most African cities between 40 per cent and 70 per cent of the population
lives in slums or squatter settlements. Many African cities will be doubling
their population within two decades. In a city like Nairobi, 60 per cent of the
population lives in slums which occupy about five per cent of the land.
• While most slum-dwellers depend on the informal sector for their livelihoods,
slum populations in many parts of the world (for example in Pune, Pakistan and
Ibadan,
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ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
Nigeria) quite often include university lecturers, university students,
government civil servants and formal private sector employees. • About one out
of every four countries in the developing world has laws that contain clauses
that impede women owning land and taking mortgages in their own names. • All
slum households in Bangkok have a color television. Among the report's findings:
•
Expectations of better access to education are unmet for most slum-dwellers; a
2003 study found that one in five children in the Nairobi slum of Kibera had no
access to primary schools
•
Poor sanitation, described as a "silent tsunami", means illness and death are
rife; in one part of Harare, 1,300 people share one communal toilet with just
six squatting holes
•
In Cape Town's slums, children under the age of five are five times more likely
to die than those living in the city's high-income districts
Page 3
•
Young adults living in slums are more likely to have a child, be married or head
a household than their counterparts living in non-slum areas
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ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
REVISITING KARACHI'S HERITAGE
Due to its legacy as an important colonial port city, Karachi is scattered with
innumerable examples of beautiful Victorian and colonial architecture. However,
a lot of it is in a state of disrepair and is threatened with decay and
destruction due to unchecked commercialism and misuse. These pages attempt to
bring the classical heritage of Karachi to light and discuss the threats
presently faced by it.
COLONIAL PUBLIC ARCHITECTURE
THE CHURCHES OF KARACHI
SADDAR AREA HERITAGE
MC LEOD ROAD HERITAGE

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ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
CLIFTON AREA HERITAGE
OTHER MID CITY HERITAGE
BUNDER ROAD HERITAGE
CENTRAL CITY and BURNES ROAD HERITAGE

KEAMARI/PORTSIDE HERITAGE
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ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
KARACHI POPULATION GROWTH CHART
Year
Population
Increase/ Decrease Over Last Census / Survey 135,108 701,780 906,377 1,562,702
1,831,238 4,540,422
No. of Years in Between 10 10 10 11 9 17
Per cent Increase/ Decrease 44.90 161.00 79.70 76.50 50.80 86.29
Average Annual Growth Rate 3.70 11.50 6.05 5.00 4.96 3.52
1941 1951 1961 1972 1981 1998
435,887 1,137,667 2,044,044 3,606,746 5,437,984 9,802,134
Source: Government of Pakistan Census Reports.
GENERAL FEATURES
Page 4
Name Area Population Density Average house hold size Literacy rate Nos of town ;
Nos of diagnostic centre Nos of treatment centers Average public transport fare
Average time travel
Karachi 3527sq.km 2795 per sq km 7 60% 18 55 111 Rs.10 one way 45 minutes one
way by public transport.
Large no of migrants who have flocked to Karachi in search of opportunities
Source: Ismat Ara Khusheed Deputy Director,PTP Sindh
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ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
The 1998 census results have yet to be tabulated and as such an age-sex pyramid
cannot be constructed. However, if one projects the 1981 census results by using
the 1972-81 trends, then one can safely say that about 50 per cent of Karachi’s
population is below 19 years old. What this means in social, economic, cultural
and political terms, has yet to be understood and catered to. It is also
important to note that the census results have not been accepted by the Karachi
political parties which include the MQM, the Sindhi nationalist leaders, the
PPP, the ANP and the religious parties. There is a consensus that Karachi’s
population is over 12 million. The Markazi Jamiat Ulema Pakistan (MJUP) has also
pointed out that there are over 10 million national identity card holders and
their minor dependants in Karachi. The MJUP claim has not been verified or
rejected by the government.
MODERN KARACHI
While the inner and historic core city of Karachi has dilapidated and decayed
beyond recognition, losing its former glory and splendor, Karachi overall as a
port city, has turned out to be a fine city with great economic prospects.
Presently Karachi is a bustling port city of about 14 million people and is the
financial and industrial center of Pakistan's economy. The city has very modern
port facilities that handle the bulk of the trade of Pakistan and the landlocked
Central Asian countries. This city of ample sunshine and cool sea breezes is
also the melting pot of Pakistan where people from all provinces come to make a
living. There was a brief period where violence dominated the life of Karachi,
but like any other great city, this transition period has taken a back seat to
opening new horizons and new prospects for this everexpanding, ever-evolving
city.
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ON SLUMS OF KARACHI
SLUMS IN THE WAY OF KARACHI PROGRESS
Karachi is Pakistan's biggest city and greatest hope, with aspirations of
becoming the next Shanghai. But in the way of its rapid progress stands Asia's
largest slum. Slums sits in the heart of the financial capital, but plans to
transform it are being met with fierce opposition. Every inch of the slum is
occupied. Rows of corrugated iron shacks are packed with the belongings of the
hundreds of families who live here. Young children play with stray dogs among
the filth and rubbish. There is little sign of clean drinking water and the
sanitation facilities are appalling - up to 80 people are forced to share one
toilet. Slums of Karachi like Layri, Akhter Colony, Korangi & others bears all
the hallmarks of Pakistan's most crippling problems. Sixty-year-old Razman has
been living in the slum for 10 years. He invites our group members into his tiny
home. There is a small stove in one corner and a tired old fan, if we stretch
our arms out we could touch both walls of the room that is home to the five
members of his family, including two small children. "We want change and for
conditions to improve for the people who live here. There is nowhere for my
grandchildren to play but I cannot afford to move from here," he says.
"My vision would be that it would be transformed into one of the better suburbs
of Karachi - it will be forgotten as any kind of slum - there will be state of
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