Harm Meelker
Lincoln Smitweld B.V.
Overview
Introduction Material properties Challenges
Yield overmatching, hydrogen
Welding of X80.NF.12.3
Welding of X80.NF.12.5
Mechanical
Yield (Mpa) 552 - 690 Tensile (Mpa) 621 - 827 Elongation (%) Impact (J) 0 C 41
Welding of X80.NF.12.6
Mechanical
Yield (Mpa) 555 Tensile (Mpa) 625 Elongation (%) 18.0 Impact (J) 0 C -
Welding of X80.NF.12.7
Welding of X80.NF.12.8
Welding of X80.NF.12.9
Challenges
Weldability Yield requirements per country
(overmatching)
Impact requirements (overmatching) Hydrogen Preheat NACE? Heat Input (true energy)
Welding of X80.NF.12.10
Implications
Tighter limits on upper bound pipe properties Balanced considerations for weld properties Limit the welding options consumables & processes
Welding of X80.NF.12.11
Overmatching
Over-matching approach in the weld metal selection is a general practice
Aspects to define:
What is the min. WM YS needed to have an actual overmatching? What is the impact property required to the weld metal (WM)?
Welding of X80.NF.12.12
Overmatching
Actual or theoretical overmatching ?
Codes require a min. YS value for the base material The actual YS of the base material should be very close to the min. or much more than the min. The weld metal YS, depending on the actual base material YS, could satisfy the over or the mis-matching requirement As practical approach is usually required:
min WM YS = min BM YS + 10% = max. BM YS
Welding of X80.NF.12.13
Overmatching
If owner can accept this narrow range of YS (YS min + 10%) the YS WM and the YS BM could be of the same order of magnitude But if we want an actual OM and the owner does not accept YS min+10% we have to consider an higher WM YS min (+15,+20,+30%) The highest YS for X80 acc. API 5L (552 690 MPa) can make it very difficult or almost impossible to meet all the mechanical req.
Welding of X80.NF.12.14
Overmatching
Chemical composition welded joint
Dilution with base material
Dilution will effect the final weld joint chemistry This results in other mechanical properties than for all weld metal Other aspects are of course the used welding technique
Process Preheating and Interpass temperature Heat Input, bead sequence, etc.
This all influences the final mechanical properties of the welded joint
Welding of X80.NF.12.16
Welding processes
Manual or (semi-) automatic
SMAW (cellulosic or basic) GMAW FCAW (gas shielded or gasless) (SAW) Advanced!
2002 2004 2007
Welding of X80.NF.12.17
Welding of X80.NF.12.18
Welding of X80.NF.12.22
Welding fundamentals
Functional understanding of welding process control
New approach transcends power source & wave form design Methodology for using welding process as tool in delivering performance Practical means of achieving the necessary weld process control
V *I * 60 HI = TS
Cooling Rate can be correlated to average Heat Input Accurate calculation for Constant DC processes that produces repeatable results Must be carefully considered with other welding process variables and changing conditions
Welding of X80.NF.12.24
(exponential) control
Traditional approach
Limit variation of individual variables Heat input using average or rms
Adequate for soundness Poor estimate of energy & thermal cycle TODAY
Traditional approach
Pipe based on performance standards beyond minimum specification Weld consumables
conformance with set PQR
New approach
True Energy based on measurement at 10kHz
New approach
Characterize materials during development / qualification Balance tradeoffs between material and process selection
As a result of this ASME code changed the requirements for Heat Input calculation in section IX QW-409.1(c)(1) in energy in Joules per weld bead length Welding of X80.NF.12.28
Summary
X80 Line pipe is good weldable, however, be aware of special requirements and take care of all thermal influences Today codes are and will be updated
Welding of X80.NF.12.30
Welding of X80.NF.12.31