TWE
CORNELL
UNIVERSITY LIBRARY
SF 196.I4T57 1900
Cow-keeping
in India;
,,
COW-KEEPING
IN INDIA.
A
Simple and Practical Book on their Care
their various Breeds,
and Treatment,
the
and
Profitable.
ISA
TWEED,
IN INDIA.'
SECOND EDITION.
CO.
THACKER &
CO..,
\
l
2,
1900.
The
original of this
book
is in
restrictions in
http://www.archive.org/details/cu31924016407144
PREFACE.
When
others.
book I would have been saved a great deal of needless worry and
loss.
There are
many books on
cattle
in
Europe
soil
of
my own
cows
and
many
years
I
have
myself
undertaken
their
medical treatment.
all
the
all descriptions,
both
vi
PREFACE.
The knowledge
I
may
be of some
service to others, so
herein give
my
experience for
what
it
may
be worth.
of treatment that I herein
is
The method
for
recommend,
I I
what
have most
generally
successfully
many
years.
adhere
to
it is
the only
cases I
I
effectual
method
of
treatment;
but
in
many
efficacious.
do
it
else.
As
on
I
I have
many books
in
and treatment
as
and
my
notes
have
tried
as
much
possible
to avoid
even the
appearance of plagiarism.
But
it
is
same
thing,
it
in the
same words.
Amongst the
life
first
things I learned
when
commenced
were:
1st, if
wished to
succeed in anything, I
trust another person
to every detail with in life so with the
me; 2nd,
must attend
equal
fidelity.
absolutely essential to
success.
The
much
the
and disappointment.
person
has
not
PREFACE.
inclination or time to look after his pets
vil
and
live stock,
their
Without
it, it
is
impossible to maintain
have experienced
rule
of
this,
and
it
is
health.
game
of sport.
is
a very healthful
if
improvement
not take
it
much
time or money,
this
if
one knows
is
how
to do
properly.
But
knowledge
some experience.
am
know
how
when
in health, or treat
them when
Most people
many
number
die
it
vin
PREFACE.
them than
ISA
1890.
TWEED.
It
is
gratifying to
know
this
1899.
CONTENTS.
BOOK
;ha!\
I.
page
Preface
I.
Pure milk Cheapness Calf; Other produce ing cows a pleasure and saving
II.
...
;
Keep1
Bukeds
ing
Nagouri
;
;
Nellore
;
Guzerati or
;
Surati
;
Goorgaira
;
English
III. Buying Cows: Quantity of milk required Servants' tricks a cow with a calf Buying a cow in calf
; ;
Buying
.
35
IV.
Points in a Good Temper Colour Quality Outward appearance of milk Blind nipples Scarred cows Age The number of calves a cow has had A good milker
;
; ;
Cow:
;
A slinker
V.
Calves
40
Food
Food Kinds of grain Quantity of food Effects of the different kinds of food; Preparation of food Cost of food; Green food Doob Straw Hay Filthy food Salt Drink
Proper care and treatment
; ; ;
;
46
Space
;
Keeping the
floor
clean
;
Utensils
The
yard
Other houses
.59
;;
CONTENTS.
CHAP.
PAOE
VII.
Attendants
The
servants
servants' disposition
......
;
Fidelity
Caste of the
68
VIII.
"Washing, Grooming,
and Exercise
;
Washing
Grooming
Exercise
Protection
71
IX. Breeding
The
X.
Breeding
art of breeding
...
; ;
;
own cows
.73
;
;
Bulls
Food
Utensils
;
Indian bulls v. English bulls Age Care and attention House and grooming Eat Keep; ;
Serving
Over-serving
Jail dairies
79
Bullocks
Food
;
Rearing
85
Food
Over-feeding
;
Care
Cleanliness
Advantage Pregnancy
.
Exercise
.87
;
Labour approaching Progress Assistance needed Treatment after birth Drink and food ; Illness Falling of womb Milking
; ; ; ;
; .
93
XIV.
Calves, their Value, Management, and House Value Food and care Tying ; House Shelter Ticks and lice Older calves Careful treatment Kindness Why so many calves die off
; ; ; ; ; ;
100
XV.
107
XVI.
Castrating Calves
Castrating wljpn
young
;
Mode
Effect
Proper
.
time
Great care
108
CONTENTS.
; ;;
xi
PAOE
CHAP.
XVII.
Very important matter ; Early months of pregnancy Signs When a cow comes into season Symptoms The time a cow remains in season Troublesome cows Barren cows A good bull Putting the cow to the bull The sex of the calf
; ; ;
; ;
111
Remedy
119
XIX.
different ages
Native names
121
XX.
Price of Cattle
Prices of cows
;
Prices of bulls
.
Prices of bullocks
.
Prices of calves
.127
a
;
XXI. Milk :
;
;
Quantity of milk Quality of milk ; Lactometer Duration of milk Papeeta Art of milking Process of milking Milking utensils "When the calf dies Every drop of milk must be extracted Forcing supplies
;
;
130
XXII. Cream :
Watered
milk
.
milk
Cream
Skimmed milk
Boiling milk
.....
;
;
Keeping
milk
good
Susceptibility
of
139
XXIII. Butteii :
Boiled and unboiled milk
cess of
;
Collecting cream
;
Pro-
butter-making
Cleanliness
.
churn
Native churn
sour cream
144
XXIV.Ghee :
Making ghee
;
Clarifying ghee
151
XXV.
Tyer
153
XXVI. Lice,
XXVII.
155
Hot weather
Bains
157
xii
CHAP.
CONTENTS.
PAGE
XXVIII.
Cattle-i>ung
Cattle-dung
Profit
Manure
pit
160
XXIX.
Geass-lands
;
Providing fodder Amount of land needed Fertility Preparation of of land The best time to manure land Draining Doob Lucern grass Green food
;
162
XXX.
Daiky-i-akming
India one
;
of
;
the
best
Experience
;
Capital
The
The
class of cattle
;
Breeding
Buffaloes
Bulls
Some
difficulties
169
BOOK
I.
II.
Diseases of Cattle, Goats, and Sheep Peeliminary Rules fok the Caee of Animals when Well on Sick
:
181
II.
3. Inflammation of the Drinking her own milk .6. Loss of Broken horns 7. Leech in the nose 8. cud 9. Wounds and bruises 10. Enlarged papillae 12. Wasting in calves 13. HideII. Lampas bound ; 14. Cold or catarrh 15. Sprains 16. Dis-
Cough
;
2.
Weak
;
eyes
eyes
4.
Mange
;
5.
location
lar teeth
19. Irregu. .
20.
The navel
ill
188
III.
Calving
3.
;
labour
after-pains the
:
2.
Slipping
;
womb
Swollen
6.
udder
;
4.
Paralysis
Hoven
;
7.
Grain-sick
8.
Fardel-
bound; 9. Choking; 10. Red-water; 11. Indigestion and diarrhoea 12. Epilepsy 13. Apoplexy 14. Inflammation of the brain 15. Colic 16. Warbles Hydrophobia 18. Hydatids 19. Inflamma17. tion of the Rowels 20. Hernia; 21. Jaundice;
; ; ; ; ;
;
22.
Poisoning
23. Abscess
201
CONTENTS.
xni
PAGE
CHAP.
IV.
3. Malig1. Rinderpest 2. Foot-and-mouth disease nant sore-throat 4. Bronchitis from cold 5. Bronchitis from worms 6. Scars 7. Anthrax 8. Dysentery 9. Blain 10. Slinking ; 11. Gonorrhoea 12. Cow-pox 14. Worms in the in13. Milk or puerperal fever
; ; ; ; ; ;
;
testines
15. Pluero-pneivmonia
Recipes
List of Medicines
236
280 286
LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS.
COW-KEEPING
m
I.
INDIA.
CHAPTEE
Some
persons
keep
others
object
cows for
as
pleasure,
some
of
from
necessity,
and
the
a
be,
matter
business.
Whatever
may
cow-keeping
can
be
made
profitable.
Pure Milk.
one's
The
is,
first
own cows
Pure milk
is
the milk be
must
also be
at
for
and
friends,
die.
and
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Too much
stress cannot be
;
but
it
is
an
article
If
people only
of
stuff.
never
at all
stagnant filthy pools and wring the water out into the
I have also
of
Many
them
innumerable
ingenious
only
I
the
gowallah's
mind could
suggest.
have
known some
milk
enterprising spirits
among them
adulterate
their
with
it
it.
to buffalo's
milk to bring
to
the
mix
lot of
water has to be
added to
plantain
make
it
Mashed
These
injurious
admixtures
to
cannot
of
but
the
prove
extremely
It
is
the
health
for
consumer.
to
exceedingly
difficult
Europeans
guard
against
when
The
cows
is,
cheapness.
The
daily
cost
of
feeding
and
If
seers of
milk per
seer,
her
half
For
one
seers
instance, in
Calcutta
six
seers
it
;
the
so
is
if
price
of
good
gives
to
milk
is
rupee
for
cow
only six
a day in Calcutta,
not too
much
spend from
six to eight
to
twelve
seers of
a day for
It
is
quantity.
seers
A good
large
cow
will give
from ten
to twelve
sold, or
sale.
made
into
home
use or for
Milk, butter,
and ghee
will
sale.
of
is
the
If
months
age
it
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Other Produce.
Then,
manure.
The
natives
make
a great deal
from
this
article.
It should be
fuel, or
made
into cakes
or rolls,
else,
a pit should
it
every
The
dung
rupee a month.
There
the
is
money even
dies.
left
and bones
of
If
to
mercy
of native
from
her.
is
Keeping Cows
By having
less
my own
The wife
in
of a military officer
:
who
has lived
many
years
India, writes
"
and every
calf born,
enables
me
to assert that
A
;
cow purchased
is
well managed, so
increase
much
capital
a calf born
so
much
the
cost
of
the
ADVANTAGES OF KEEPING COWS.
milk and butter she supplies.
hills
and
in the plains,
and I have
been without
cows, and
for
my
milk and
when
bought
of
them,
than
my
them, and that in the latter case there was always plenty
of
when
had
to
This
is
a great consideration in
Cows
CHAPTEE
II.
BEEEDS OF CATTLE.
There
To
the utmost
milking
breeds of cattle be
Some people
will
are penny-wise
buy cows
of
milking
qualities, rather
An
inferior
cow can be
little
or
no
milk, and her food and keep will cost more than her
milk
is
worth.
Besides, her
is
hardly
anything.
profitable to
This
great
It is always
more
required amount of
inferior
ones
that
in
the-
that
quantity.
Four
inferior
and
And
the one or
possible to give
7
the
'~r?-.'
^^J^ksl
10
ones
;
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
and without proper care and treatment no cow
will give
I will
much
milk.
to describe the principal breeds
now endeavour
of cattle in India.
Hansi or Hissar.
districts in
The breed,
of
of.
cattle
64 inches high
humps
and hind
quarters square
long curved
tails
;
horns
backward, and
thin
long
massive
and
very large
and
and
bullocks of some
of a nice
white colour,
but sometimes
found.
brown
or
In
own
districts
the
sixteen seers of
somewhat
decreases.
The milk
of the
best quality,
In
Es.
their
own
districts these
cows
sell
from Es. 40
to Es.
to
150
each.
12
Nagourie.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
The Nagourie
of Nagpore, in the
Central Provinces.
In former days
are seen
now they
gentle,
to sixrich.
;
not very
much
prized,
men
by rich native
now
tall
and narrow
some
of
them
between
their horns
their
humps
;
narrow
the end.
enables
them
fleshy,
The
is
they are
not
able to
draw heavy
with
burdens
much
up
to prevent
any weight
14
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
They are
of a bluish white
colour,
Good cows
Es.
of
the pure
breed
sell
from Es. 60 to
100
each,
to Es.
400
each.
prolific,
but milk
Nellore
is
in the
Madras Presidency.
This
the
cows,
and
the
great
strength
and
of
spirit
of
which they
good specimen
of
the
Nellore
breed
is
a huge
movements.
by
its
The
longer
a blunt
point
its face is
short and
its
and
;
lopping
its
eyes, hoof,
erect,
and
tail
are
black
it
carries its
head
rising
its
back
is
its
chest
is
fairly
carcase compact
its
and
solid-looking, with
a heavy dewlap;
legs are
16
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
its
skin
is
fine
soft
short
white.
The
a tendency in
some
of (a
them
pair
to
of
grow
tall
and leggy.
for the
The
to Es. of
350.
to fourteen seers
;
milk a day.
very rich
good cows
sell
for
sometimes
somewhat
called Kuttywari.
the
Bombay
Presidency.
milkers.
the Hansi, and most of those I have seen have not such
large
humps.
large, strong,
from Es. 60
200
each.
good breed
of
cattle.
all
the
good
They
are middle-sized
and handsome,
Some
of the
18
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
They are hardy and healthy,
Their horns are not very long.
cow
60 in her own
fine
district.
I have seen
some very
In
size
much
like the
Goorgaira.
Some
of
them
are very
good milkers.
Mysore
Bullocks.
Besides
the
above
mentioned
and draught
cattle, the
Amrit
:
Mahal breed
of
but
than two
seers of
milk a day.
powers
height,
of endurance.
in
and limbs.
They are
faster than
some
of
them walk
straight
the
troops;
tapering and
their countenance
is
sprightly
20
and
full of fire
;
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
;
faces
their muzzles
they carry
neck
A
in its
good bullock
100
to Es.
150
own
district.
Cattle.
Bengali
of cattle.
In
Bengal there
is
is
no special breed
a cross-bred between a
of
cow
of the district
and a bull
one of
the above-
mentioned breeds.
Burdwan
improve the
cattle.
Also at Soori
of
and im-
ported some
fine
But not
many
died,
no
efforts
let
them
all
over
;
the
place,
services
any pains
improve their
cattle.
Nevertheless, as the
some
Bengal
22
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
The Government should take up
this matter,
and
all
Every
should be induced to
the
purchase and
keep a
bull,
and
people should be
encouraged to improve
their
cattle,
by offering
them
and having
cattle shows.
The
villagers
should
be
made
to
pay
something
and
will take
some care
of the
of him. of
The
headman
proper treatment.
If this
cattle.
bulls,
for the
between
or
Nellore bulls
that
is,
of
much
in
the hands of
the
ryots of Bengal.
delicate,
The thoroughbred
Bengali villager
the
cross-breds
But
are
very strong
to
24
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Cross-breds are found
all
North-West Provinces.
milkers, and are
sell for
Some
pure blood.
A
pueea
half-bred Bengali
seers of
cow
will give
from four
to six
sell for
from Es. 20
to Es.
60.
stand about 48
to Es.
150 per
and weak,
sell for
much
from a quarter
two
is
seers of
Darjeeling Cows.
There
;
seen at Darjeeling
am
is
an
in-
digenous breed, or
if it
Some
others
very
much
and
wild cattle.
cows,
They are
have
long
large,
about the
of
English
hair
and
horns
some
of
them
strong,
I
milk a day.
"hi
1=
26
English
suffer
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Cattle
are
not
success in
India.
They
greatly
much
;
from
the
heat,
and
the
milk
decreases
not
many
them
to
Indian cows.
cool
many
trees
and a
tank on
then he
it,
and can
afford
an attendant
successfully.
They do not
much
in the
for a
;
hills.
Some cows
of food they
have
Any sudden
oil-
change in food
cake
should
plenty
may
prove injurious.
be
Mustard-seed
never
of
given
food.
to
them.
They should
look
have
green
always
upon
The cross-bred
cannot stand the
cows
heat.
do
better,
but
the
bullocks
Cross-bred English
cows are
of
found
all
over
India, especially in
Madras, parts
crossed
bulls
;
by Hissar, Nagourie,
Hissar,
and Nellore
and
Nagourie,
horn
bulls.
28
above
better
-
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
mentioned
than
those
bulls
of
India
and English
English
bulls
cows
obtained
from
and
Indian cows.
best,
and the
best
for
dairy purposes.
The The
best cream
and
butter.
The
much
of.
milk a day.
is
The Gainee
They
little
They
is
are
There
as
much
bull,
between a
full-sized
between a toy
to get.
terrier
and a
mastiff.
The Breed
If
own
many
No
cow giving
year
is
less
seers
of
milk in the
of
worth
and expense
to
keeping.
Some cows
will give
from 2000
3000
seers of
milk
I
run dry.
30
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
seers of
all breeds.
Fig. 16.
Suffolk Cow.
Fig. 17.
Ayrshire Cow.
CHAPTEE
III.
BUYING COWS.
Quantity of Milk required.
Before
know
buying cows,
person should
require daily.
first
consider
will
will
Then he
how many
milk a day,
cow
in
full
seers of
she will average seven seers per day for nine months,
and
will
remain dry
for four or
five,
and sometimes
six
months.
calf
Calculate accordto
ingly,
and see
keep you
wanted
and
if
no cow
To begin
later
with,
milk
five
months
buy another
later.
and a
this,
months
By
doing
supply of milk
throughout
When
the
first
cow
is
half through
;
by
36
the time the
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
first
come
in,
third one
first
will calve
first
is
again
and when
and so
on.
But
this
presupposes
all
proper
care
and
management,
otherwise
If a
three cows
may
number
to
cows has
to be kept,
and
it is
not practicable
full
milk
This plan
is to
may
suit
object
make
as
much money
possible, but is not the wisest or best plan for the family
to pursue.
the
first
plan
Good cows
when
a person
She
will
amply repay
him
to sell
good cows to
butchers.
If
calf
to sell,
Many European
to
buy
BUYING COWS.
Servants
Tricks.
37
Now,
is,
have a hand in
the sirdar bearer
the
All
servants,
from
down
on
his
all
bills,
milkman
The bearer
sells
must have
cow
to
man who
will
the
his
master,
give
;
the
largest commission
and
will
perfectly good,
will prevent
and persuade
his
master to
buy
it,
and
his gain.
for
The cook
also prefers
down
four.
careful house-
keeper will measure the milk and butter, and thus make
herself
disagreeable
in
so,
as a
make
the cows
If
is
allowed
38
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
make them
at least
an expensive
On account
to get
of servants' tricks
it
is
almost impossible
any
In
order
to
give
dustoori
the
sellers
are
obliged
to
their milk,
and
otherwise adulterate
they have to
make up
If
for the
is
milkman
pay
dustoori,
is
condemned and
rejected,
and he
spoil
customer.
so
easily
the milk
it
milkman
never allow
my
person,
consequently
am
not
troubled
much
by
them.
Native gentlemen
suffer
very
much from
the
dis-
man
can
sell
down
In order to do this
the seller has to increase the price of his goods; thus the
Baboo
has
to
pay
his
dishonest
relatives
and
BUYING COWS.
servants
for the privilege of
39
donkey.
In
keeping
cows,
comfort to the
family must
be
combined with
If a
be
the
calf
is
three
weeks
old.
Bad
management
cow.
cow
liable to
many
ailments.
Calf.
Buying a Cow in
If a
to her
new house
and attendant.
If
the
if
purchaser knows, or
well to
calved, other-
great.
There are
many advantages
who
is,
even
CHAPTEE
IV.
Outward Appearance.
has a large body
;
A good cow
is
is
loose-limbed and
her head
soft
broad
her coat
is
and
silky,
and her
tail
thin and
of
flexible,
ward
is
met with
long barrelled
her
hams
are
wide apart, as
if
is
not
about to calve,
if
she
is
going
will
to be a
good milker,
it
and
and
large.
The limbs
flesh
of a
large,
and the
sleek
fat,
cow
into
fat.
41
heifers,
be good cows.
Temper.
A good cow
is
motherly.
cows
are
good milker
is
of
her calf
is
Some
least excited.
first calf is
more excitable
healthy and
sweetest.
The milk
of
red
cow
is
the
Bed
cows,
is
generally, have
good
digestions.
;
greyish white
of
a very
common
colour in India
cow
this colour at
some
grey.
This colour
is
not confined
as a rule such
milkers.
When
cow
good one.
if
creamy
at the
same time
and
if
fine,
42
The milk
no yellow
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
of a pearly or bluish white cow, with little or
Quality of Milk.
"
When
and colour
milk must be
cow
is
in milk, take a
it.
If the
milk be of
a bluish hue
it
is
poor.
There
is
much cream
young
or butter, but
it
is
children.
therefore a
Many cows
in
make up
quality
in
they should.
to ten seers of
milk a day
is
practical purposes."
Coivs in India.
Blind Nipples.
Some cows
of the best
milking breeds
useless.
43
to be scarred
Because
Natives
cow happens
about the
must be
some
rejected.
the results
she
is
suffering
from any
a
disease.
it is
Age.
When buying
A
young cow
cow cow
will give
sell
more and
richer
milk.
will
always
may
soon
become
worthless.
difficulties
Again, an
in
old
cow
is
subject
to
many
is
exempt.
A cow
and
is
a good
difficulties of
her
calving,
" It costs
more
to
old
cows than
it
The period
of
profitable
all
milking
does
not
cows
alike.
Some
hold out longer than others, but as a rule the best efforts
The quantity
of
cow
is
but after a cow has reached her eighth year, her milk
of
feed,
and
44
costs
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
more
quality."
American Farmer.
of Calves a
Number
depends so
Cow
the
has had.
"
The value
of a cow-
much on
number
of judging is
by the
belly
figure.
The hips
become
the
udder
calf.
cow carrying
but an old
it
little,
one decidedly
difficult to
with
little
experience
is
not
many
calved.
" It is
impossible to tell
how
often a
cow
will calve
to produce as
many
cow
as twenty,
is
five.
Eight
is
the
supposed
or
three
more
Cows in India.
If
A
dry,
Good Milker.
Even
if
she be nearly
whether she
broad stream
stream a scanty
When
a good milker
45
;
anyone who
sound
when
the supply
is
all
but a poor milker will need to have the calf mouth her
all
A
when
Sliriker.
If a
it
she
is
very liable to do
in calf.
hereditary.
full
If a
time
it
is
liable to affect the quantity of her milk. If the calf has died after its
will rapidly decrease.
Calves.
milk
"When
the calf
is
The
calf's
breed
milk as well as
its
own
value.
CHAPTEE
FOOD.
V.
Cows are
greatly
calf,
creatures,
and
their
supply of
milk
largely exceeds
plant,
amount.
As
a
to
highly
its
cultivated
when
not
neglected, returns
wild
state, so cattle, if
properly cared
for, will
owners do not
will
be impossible to
their bulls
keep
their
in
cows in
full
milk,
and
and
bullocks
working order.
In addition to vigilance,
of
they
cattle both in
and
sickness,
when
in milk or
when
dry.
Food.
The
cow's food
is
FOOD.
the
47
most
careful
attention.
Cows
are
clean
and
fastidious feeders,
will not
eat the
same
kind
of food.
The feeding
and
free
utensils
fectly clean
else the
cow
anything offen-
sive
have chanced
into
sometimes
happens that a
piece of
dung
the whole of
is
wasted.
be perfectly clean.
the milk.
Bad food
Some
food
should
always
is
be
given
to
the
cow
on an empty stomach
of
tries
her strength.
food
that
it
If half a seer
bran
is
remains in
all
the
feeding-trough
the
morning
is
that
is
necessary.
must be
meal.
brought
and given
It is not wise to
stall all
suffi-
she
is
not allowed
The
when
it
in
the
48
morning.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
At
eight o'clock she should be given her food
and kept
like to
tied
left
up
for
the
rest
of
the
day;
cows
be
pleasure.
water.
her
evening
food
at
six
o'clock.
Sometimes
it
is
meals instead
deal of food
if
of
Some cows
much be given
Kullie
of grain
all
more
or. less
injurious.
Eice
is
much
nutriment.
Indian
bran
is
better.
also
very indigestible
duces paralysis.
It often pro-
Gram
more than
Quantity of Food.
The
in twenty-four hours,
and
is suffi-
Small
H seer
50
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
the best
But
it is
best to
mix
kullie, barley,
parts, as kullie is
cooling,
the winter.
and bullocks.
is
the
cow
not
strong
and
is
out of
condition,
the quantity of
nourishing.
grain should
be increased.
Grain
is
she
is
much
of
her food.
to the
milk and
difficult
to digest,
purifiers,
many
FOOD.
There
barley,
is
51
in
no
nourishment
pacldy-straw
better.
wheat,
The
best
made from
till
and
the cocoanut.
Other kinds
injurious
to
and
therefore
cows.
is
The
oilcake
made
The
smell,
till
khully
is
is
sweet in flavour
it
if
has an oily
old
is
and
of
a chocolate colour,
is
and
hard
is
and
dry.
This
for
cows, but
even
if
it
costs
more than
Next
to
the
and
teesi
in point of excellence
it
at
and
it
should
small
quantities
until
The
mustard oilcake
the
most
is
but
and young
calves.
the formation
of
the
animal structure, to
Great
fresh
and has
it.
The
till
full of
worms.
52
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Preparation of Food.
The
it
grain
should
to cool.
always
be
boiled,
and allowed
Four or
seer of grain,
Kullie
it
When
with
cattle.
dry.
The
up
and soaked
pounded up
The
The
salt
to
the grain
when
sufficient
make
it
sloppy.
is
not given
is
Cows
fat.
grow very
will
When
decrease,
In such
cases
the
grain
FOOD.
Cost of Food.
53
food varies in different
different seasons of
The
cost of
at
parts
of the
country, and
the
half
gives.
to
three-fourths
the
value
of
the milk
cow
Green Food.
food
;
Cows
if
besides, the
The common
cattle
any
special food.
tied
is
let loose
all
in the
morning and
and
the
in
to pick
up
paddy-straw at night.
Booh
is
the
best
grass
for
cattle.
Young wheat,
and tender
state,
grass
that
other
crops
makes splendid
cattle
fodder.
Carrots
is
what
Especial
care
should
be
exercised
in
the
the cow.
Wheat and
54
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Wheat and
bhoosa chaff.
it
up and
sold
as
See that
it
is
Frequently
will be
found
full
of
mud, dung,
rotten.
little
Paddy
Bengal
straw
is
has
very
nourishment, but in
food for cattle.
it is
it
the
chief
article
of
In
not of paddy
grown
in
swamps
or low lands.
make
The straw
is
most
a
suitable.
Such
yellow
of
clean
light
and
will
smell
be
Hay.
Cattle
are
not
particularly
fond
of
hay.
Filthy
fed
Food.
hay may
"
In
some parts
horse-dung
artillery
India
cattle
are
on
dreadful
that
filth,
and
stable
litter,
particularly
from
and
cavalry
stables,
much
grain
not only
it
this,
but on night-soil
creamy
look,
are
made
to
eat
all
it
this
starvation.
And
made
palat-
up
own
Cows in India.
FOOD.
55
bad feeding, and
it
Some cows
is
die
from the
effects of
and can
the
least
be
sent
of
out
to
graze
and
without
fear
their
picking
up
If
sufficient salt
and a
little
Drink.
The
to.
cow's
drinking
water
must
also
be
attended
of it is as
Cows
and
if
is
it is
also
that
if
dirty water
is
often
milk
but
water cows
We
cows
all
know
to
what
places
must be
drink,
and
filthy food."
Ceivs in India.
is
added
to the
milk
'
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0.S3X
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ft.
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Ujb*
for
cows
3
JO
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'S3AJBD aSiB[ iOJ P-lBy^
U131SQ
|
*a
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U6X0SI
;
UI B jp
CHAPTER
VI.
The
cow-house
is
Cattle
In
the
rains
it it
must
be
kept
perfectly
and at
all
seasons
it
must be thoroughly
lated.
house for
cattle in India.
pucca house
is
preferable to a kutcha
wooden posts
mud
pillars
and thatched
roof, at
must be
into
of brick
Mud
offensive.
soon wear
holes
and
become very
Floors
slip
made
dangerous, as cattle
seriously injured.
The
of
best
way
to
make
(Jchoa)
the iioor
is to
put down a
beat
lot
;
broken bricks
down
well
first-class bricks
GO
edge, well
for years.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
pointed with cement.
The
two
level of
many ways
of
making a cow-
A,
storerooms
;
P.,
food-preparing room
;
C,
;
(
milk room
I>,
;
water cistern
E, reservoir
F, feeding passages
;
!,
H,
stalls for
I,
stalls for
milk-cows
L, drains,
two
in
the
outhouses
may
be
up
for their
accommodation, but
cow-house must be
if
many cows
be kept, a regular
of
built.
61
and
I
ventilation.
for cattle.
Fig 21.
a very simple construction, and can be
This
is
made
as small or as large as
necessary.
:
It is divided into
three
calve
compartments or houses
in,
one for
the
calves
62
the trough.
GOW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
The feeding trough
to
be
of
made
of
brick
the room.
to
The
18
21 inches
be raised at least
floor,
12
all
inches from
the level
of
the
making
floor
it
in
from 24
to
27 inches high.
The
of
north
that
of the
cow
to her hind
quarters.
3 inches
just
the
droppings.
3
or 9
inches
wide, and
inches
made
of
bricks
it
and
the
feet
cement.
to
feet
by 4
and 2
feet
deep to receive
The
made
of either brick,
mud,
or wood.
If
made
of bricks,
if
24 inches by 15
inches,
of
mud,
it
should
be
The calving
same
HOUSE AND UTENSILS.
9 inches deep inside
;
63
will
not be at
all all
difficult
to
keep the
and dry at
seasons.
in
and night, but the doors should be open during the day,
and closed
at night.
when
mats or wood
preferable.
Purdahs
well.
of
or tarpaulin also
answer
The height
than 1
feet
of
from
to ceiling
be 8 feet high.
If
feet
high.
Space.
and
lie
down
comfortably.
Xo cow
of
will
standing
ground
it
10
by
6
feet
by 4
feet.
If the
them each 60
ground
least
10
64
10
feet
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
by 8 feet
is
necessary, giving
her sufficient
room
an indispensable
every
on the
The
Phenyle
and
water
or
carbolic
powder
should
be
every day.
Throwing sand on
cattle
from slipping on
The cows
on in the cold
weather and
rains.
to
is
when
the cows
Drains.
The
drain
of
the
public
spoken
every day, and the contents either buried deep underground, or else removed far from the cow-house.
The
removed
in the morning.
If
Go
do
not recommend wooden or earthen tubs, as they never can be kept clean, whereas the zinc or galvanised ones
and evening.
(jumlalis
If
down
to
as
the natives do
needed
and
they should
frequently
changed
If
new
ones.
cattle
number
is
of
trough
labour.
take a
man
Besides,
of a raised
trough than
When
in the
two
same food
will
not be given
in separate
There
The
cow-house.
is
immediately out-
cow-house).
5
This cistern
filled
66
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
It should be properly cleaned
and
refilled
every morning.
When
Mode of Tying.
If
should be tied to separate pegs far apart, that they not reach each other
;
may
but when
number
are feeding at
the trough, they must be so tied that they will not reach
one another.
The
best
mode
of tying
them
is
this
put
down
trough
Each rope
two
posts,
6 feet long,
and
;
is tied
to
round the cow's neck, and so secures her that she cannot
reach her neighbour to the right or
left,
or lie
down with
comfort.
of the posts
the trough.
and
tie
animal to
slide
up
or
down
manner
must be
do
much
damage
if
HOUSE AND UTENSILS.
The
Yard.
67
Every
in
attached to
it,
loose for
a couple of hours in
in front of the
cow-house.
at least
400
feet of
ground
40
by 10
feet
in the yard,
Dry
cows, bullocks,
sent out to graze or kept loose in the yard during the day.
Other Houses.
The
servants' houses
from
line.
it,
or else on
the
same
room
for
keeping the
If
main
Fig.
building,
20 and
21).
herein
clearly
show the
reader
what
is
Fig. 24.
Cow-shed.
CHAPTEK
VII.
ATTENDANTS.
it is
have
proper
servants.
great
many
when they
find in a
few months
have
died.
the
the
calves
why
much.
So they
a- failure,
is
a right and
and
if
he must expect
If
one
profit
from keeping
having them
them
himself,
If the servants or
any
other person be entrusted with their sole management, the enterprise will end in failure and disappointment.
j.1.
uiiijf
uiic
cuw ue
AtJjju, ujie
syce
wne
ur
me
if
wiie
is
of
after her,
she
But
to
if
number
of
cows be kept,
it
will
be necessary
have
servants
care of
more
best for
will
him
to
The temper
of the
to
He must
not
them.
If
he
is
about, they will become excited and cross, will not eat
their food properly,
and
will
give
trouble at milking.
Then
again, the
cowherd must be
True, such a
man
the
among Indian
be a prodigy, but
otherwise,
when
happen
to be
70
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
It
the servants will give the animals the same care and
attention as the master or mistress will give, but they
is
expected
if
of
them,
they want to
idea properly
into
their minds.
If
the
servants see that the master and mistress are careful and
watchful,
it
will
attentive.
Native servants imagine they know more about cattle than their masters do.
of cattle are
cases, it is true,
owners
servants.
do anything
did not do.
their
and great-grandfathers
is
The
custom
of
the country
The Caste of
the Servants.
very seldom
is
Among
cruel
of all
men
the most
cattle.
He
will
neglect and
starve
them
if
allowed
He
right to the
cow and
all
his
ways and
doings.
Any
other
for a cowherd.
The Aheer
a good
man
to
have as a cowman.
trained.
He
CHAPTER
VIII.
Cattle
should
be
kept
be
perfectly
clean.
When
week
in
health
they
should
regularly
washed,
month
be
in the cold
bright
Milk-cows
groomed every
and
ticks.
Little calves
ought to be
ticks, etc.,
picked
off
Exercise.
Cows need
of
it,
have enough
V2
let
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
out to graze and exercise for a few hours every day.
It is a great mistake to
keep them
tied
up
all
the time.
Dry
to graze the
whole day.
in
40
feet long
in the yard, or
it.
if
Protection.
midday
into
the
it
when
CHAPTER
BREEDING.
IX.
Breeding
one's
own cows
is
When
;
cow
is
bought you
she herself
may
be a
but you are not sure of her producing the same qualities
in her progeny.
of
good milking
strain,
a good
may
sometimes
mothers
not
produce
occur
very superior
does
very often.
The
cow
general rule
is,
An
inferior
And
superior
as
herself.
Very
that
take
after the
mother and
is
buying them.
If
74
find ib
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
more economical
pay in
cities,
to
But
it
will not
Then
again, in breeding
own
Disease
that
is
often
brought
into
dairy through
cows
have
been
purchased.
It is Cheaper to Breed one's
own
Cows.
The
calf
has to
will take
old,
the bull
when she
first calf
when she
is
So
one has to keep the animal for two years and two months
after her
first calf.
The
cost
of
food
for these
If
the heifer,
when she
milk a day,
she will
sell
120
is
governed by a few
rules,
which
and easy
to understand
if
be faithfully observed
gained.
any degree
The
first
of these
is,
produces
like,"
peculiarities
of
and
quality,
when bred
own
so
may be taken
There
as a safe
it
proved
or less
is
more
persons.
The
calf of
of the bull.
The
and must
Never use an
inferior bull.
by a bull that
superior to her.
If
mother
but
if
4th.
Never breed
in
that
is,
sisters.
If
close
relations be bred
76
5th.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
To breed
successfully, proper
management
are necessary.
large
An
thus
"
breeder writes
for
the improvement of
of
the dairy.
By
a gradual course
breeding, rearing,
for all the
Breed
;
is
made up
food and
the
most
skilful
care
and by judicious
management the
more
useful
fixed,
and
is
inherited
by the progeny.
breeds have been
"
this
way
made
of
up.
The feeding
heifer
should
the
be
liberal.
She
much
of it will be
much
food as possible.
fat, if
the growth
of the
not stunted
figure of
by
normal
development
be persevered
is
may
in.
a bar to
usefulness
in
the
dairy,
in,
and when
there
is
heifers with
this
which
"
spoils the
is
Breed
Feed-
ing and training have given the value to the breed, and
this value
training.
The mistake
often
it to
made
all
of getting a
pure-bred animal,
and subjecting
is given'
the careless
stock,
management which
this
to the
common
its
animal, by virtue of
the
up
common
years.
value in a
few
Such a hope
is
doomed
to
is
from the
herd,
its
outset.
When
a pure animal
of feeding
will be reached.
The training
should be
Vicious
animals, which
up
made
so
by want
of,
or misdirected, training.
The
its
first
lesson
has no sense of
its
and
accepts the
of
owner
without
alarm.
Eeceivins
78
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
its
it is
always
come
at his call.
even readily
give
way
to the
management
of
its
owner, and
it
never
It
to
it
and
and advantages
dairyman
whose crop
Kindliness and
H.
Stetcart.
shall say
more upon
this
CHAPTEE
BULLS.
X.
Bull.
When
there are a
number
of
it
keep a good
and there
can
is
be sent out
into
season.
The
charge will
are
not be much.
Government
the asking.
But
there
is
for it
never
do to have
good
first-class
Unless
the
cows
are
the
future dairy
It is a great loss to
bull.
If a
cow
is
served by a good
79
80
increase, but
inferior one.
it
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
will be sure to decrease
if
served by an
Then
and
inferior,
Whatever breed
that he
is of
is
must be taken
The thorough-
Bulls.
It is a
mistake to
by English
bulls
A
is
cross
Shorthorn
cow
will
more
satisfactory.
If
English blood
ing plan.
desired, I
with a
of
first-class bull of
:
and when he
three
years
old,
use
him
for
was. that
This method
will
will
produce
milkers.
large
strong
half-
prove
superior
The
bred
should be covered by
The
depend on
his breed.
the better.
He must
in the back,
and round
up and
BULLS.
large joints,
and
short face, with large, prominent eyes, set far apart, and
muzzle.
and
stout, rising
well
over
hump.
The dew-
Age.
bull
It is a
for
breeding
The progeny
to rear,
of
such a
bull will be
bull
is
Some
when
a very bad
bulls
or
inferior
prove unproductive.
Care and Attention.
attention.
A
let
and
Some people
him
loose to
wander about
up what he can
iu the
way
of food,
the bull
is
He must
midday sun
and heavy
Feed
him twice
day, once at 8
a.m.
and
!2
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
The following
:
again at sunset.
is
sufficient for
two
Bran
{bhoosi)
Green grass
Chaff {bhoosa)
Salt
.2
2
seers
seei's
i seers
4 seers
1 chittack
Sulphur
chittack
Besides
or 20
seers
this,
20 bundles
of straw, or
15 bundles
of hay,
of green
grass,
in every
twenty-four hours.
Wherever
possible,
the
bull
if
When
this is done,
and
The
all
feeding utensils
clean,
and
plenty of exercise.
It
is
not at
him some
light
drawing water
he must
refuse, but
become very
Some
may
be a large
most
bulls
are
best
BULLS.
allowed the
his services.
83
company
of
the
Serving.
When
is
a cow
is
in
up and the
enough.
One
or
wasted when he
cow
is
allowed to
jump
Bulls
Over-serving.
generally spoiled
by over-
serving.
more
An
if
hurt him
he
is
or twice.
If a bull
become barren, or
early.
else
him
will be
This
cows
of the public.
Jail Dairies.
Most
of the jails
but
very
inferior bulls.
Instead of
The
jails
by them.
If these
dairies
had
first-class
84
and would
could
Es.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
find a ready sale for all
produce.
to
The natives
will
pay from
20
Es.
40
for a
for
CHAPTEE XL
BULLOCKS.
are
used in
They are
and
carriage.
is
Very
own
a great saving
and convenience.
much more
active
and
fiery,
and walk
faster.
When
to
be generally not
was perfect
very
in
every respect.
Very
large dewlaps
and
much
stomach
of bullocks are
When
what
Food.
a bull
is
castrated his
of a change,
Working
should
have
the
same
much
:
in quantity.
one at day-
when
86
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
They should never be
An
interval
work.
Bullocks need
to be properly
clean,
and their
of
cows.
clean drinking-water.
a
cart,
calf
is
reared for
the
he should be allowed
good wholesome
see
prepared food.
in
carriages
up-country were
any
CHAPTEE
XII.
DRY COWS.
Selling
Dry
Cows.
Some
sell
cows run
inferior
dry they
them.
Unless
is
cow
is
an
has
one,
diseased,
or
sold
As has been
said, a
are
in
calf
is
not a great
Dry ones
sell
for
The
cow
full milk,
be
fully
repaid
by
the
improved
and
ment.
to
twelve
seers of
milk
She
will
milk for
lbs.
of
milk a day.
lbs.
The
of
300 days
will
be
87
4200
The value
88
this at
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
12
lbs.
per rupee
is
Es. 350.
The
cost of food
and keep
Now
if
the
cow
is
properly managed
If sold
profit.
when dry
Dr.
Purchase of cow
DRY COWS.
fatten cows for the butcher.
is
89
to sell
so
much
loss,
is
breed from
Advantage.
so
much
gain.
" It is
you
after
have
also
the
if
management
of
her
before
and
calving,
and
mismanaged.
get
also
well
to
her
accustomed
she
calves,
to
her
attendants
and
her
stall
before
as
fret,
is
any
and
not
make her
If
once
tell
on her milk.
the calf
very young, any check of this kind will lessen her milk
permanently.
of a
So
it
cow
as
much milk
was led
The
rest
and care
calves."
will
make
when she
Cows
in India.
Food.
" It
is
difficult
to to
decide the
when
to reduce a
full
feed
is
spare diet of a
is
dry
her
or
cow.
milk,
When
and
her
if
cow
have
for
in calf,
and
going off
milk,
you
milk
no
other
cow giving
to feed
need
but
if
butter, continue
her up
you
have
sufficient
is
milk from
other cows, or
90
feeding
her,
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
it is
better
to
put
her
on
spare
gives.
diet
It
calf
loose to drink
what she
Cows
in India.
Fat in a cow
to
a serious defect
calf,
makes her
liable
slipping
her
and
also
becoming barren.
day, and
of bran,
some cut
and half a
munch
during the
night
to within
when she
will pick
of
up
of
herself,
If,
if
she
gets
sufficient
is
quantity
starved,
grass.
and
and
sickly.
Over-feeding.
"
Over-feeding
when a cow
fat,
is
not in
and
if
a cow's food
to
in
;
to
do
this,
it
will
continue
do
a
so
when she
time
she she
fed
up
fit
after
calving,
for
and
short
will
be
only
the
butcher
though
may have
the
will be scanty.
But
if
with
the
fresh
milk, all
food
goes
to
to
milk,
as
system
has
become
accustomed
spare
diet,
DEY COWS.
and
being
91
will
is
healthy
her
fat.
muscles
If
improve,
allowed
to
but
get
put
on
she
will
be born puny."
Cows
in India.
Care.
Cows
in calf should
but great care should be taken that they do not fight with
other
cows
or
accident.
They
must
jump
and
and dry
if
cows
neglected
become
ill
and house
just as essential as
when they
are milking.
is in calf is
Time of Pregnancy.
about
290 days
difference.
fifth
make
a slight
The
calf
month.
Exercise.
Cows
tied
up
all
the day.
in the
compound
40
feet
long.
Exercise
calf.
is
absolutely necessary
it
for
If
they
time of calving.
still-born, or die
92
too
fat.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Over-feeding and want of exercise will cause a
cow
to
grow
fat.
oilcake
off
and
cow
to
throw
and wish
without
this will
Sometimes a cow
will,
;
throwing
off,
The
cow
will be small
and weak
or deformed,
and not
live long.
Young
in
bulls
heat, will
and injure
them.
CHAPTEE
XIII.
needs
to
be
calving,
beyond attending
her
food, rest,
and
exercise.
When
as
if
cow
is
within a
;
few
she
stomach
chest
;
appear
sunk
cow
it is
Some animals
the
and a
exudes
white or pale
straw-coloured
glairy discharge
from
it
As
soon as
change
is
must be kept
at
home
in
order
may
unforeseen cause.
If a
cow
calves
94
runs the risk
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
of
catching a
chill.
Some cows
is
calve
observed,
or
may
not
do
so
for
a week
more.
beneficial effect
upon
About ten or
fifteen
becomes
full
of
in
milk,
this
and
state
the
is
milk-vein
is
distended.
A
;
cow
she
very liable to
take a
chill
should be
kept
dry and
be bathed.
If
the udder
distended,
is it
vein
emptied
every morning
and evening.
udder
Unless this
may
set in,
cow and
and
calf
calf suffer
from neglecting
to do this.
cow
is
once
on the udder.
Labour Approaching.
event, the face of the
"
An
hour or two
before the
;
cow
will bear
the
eyes
will,
be
bright
and
as
staring
hollow,
indicative
signs,
of pain.
As soon
these
she should
;
kept
quiet
and
amuse
herself
fretting.
Her
MANAGEMENT OF COWS WHEN CALVING.
95
She
when
up, as
out of pain.
if
When
man
she begins to
down and
get
uneasy, the
calf is born,
getting
up
Govjs in India.
Progress of Labour.
it
"
of labour
the membranes,
;
bag of
lies
water as
is
the
animal
on her
The
may
now
be seen
protruding through
the
vulva;
and, as
over the fore feet, with the chin resting on the knees,
of
appearance there
is
a short
some two
or three minutes,
by
the
the
expulsive
efforts
the
uterus, assisted
by
diaphragm
and'
abdominal muscles.
sits
A
up,
few
and
calf,
commences
for
to
lick
her
some
Gradually
head, draws
fore feet
under
it,
and begins
96
to
it
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA
make
ineffectual
efforts
to
get on
It
its
its
its
legs,
which
by degrees attains
short time
is
on
and
after a
able to
Cattle
support
body
steadily."
Manual of Indian
and
Sheep.
Assistance Needed.
ever
is
needed, nature
safety to
perfect
mother
and young.
Occasionally a
cross-birth
sary.
may
occur,
once.
At
what
one.
the
moment
of
know
to do,
Where they
after birth.
When
to,
a quarter
of a seer of goor, a
The ginger
half
the
mixture at once, as
it
clear
away the
after-birth,
many
much
of
at
of
The remainder
of the
mixture
97
it
will be hurtful as
II.,
Chapter
III.)
Great care
the
calf's
flies.
is
by
They must be washed with warm water, and, them thoroughly with a clean
:
after drying
soft cloth,
oil or
Sweet
done
mustard
oil,
4
1
chittacks;
chittack.
camphor, 1
This
tola;
spirits
of
turpentine,
must
be
every
*"*
for a
week
or ten days.
"
warm
coat
thrown over
the
is
first
If she
but
if
when the
deepen, she
in pain,
which
will
fill
inside,
pain.
it
first
three days, as
For the
first
warm water
for a
week
this is a point
will
her milk,
most
98
resulting in
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
the
cow drying up
and
she suffers so
much
Cows in India.
(See
Book
II.,
Chapter
III.)
first
For the
chittack of salt,
and one
it.
chittack of
to
This must be
first
clay.
For the
three
first
week no
may
A common
calf,
may
(See
Book
II.,
Chapter
Falling of the
Milking.
Womb.
an
See Book
hour
or
II.,
Chapter
a
III.
About
so
after
cow has
The
calf
to suck her at
the
sucking will
open the
99
a
of
day
for
three
days
each
after calving,
and
hour
every
drop
is
milk
extracted
calf
time.
An
before she
milked the
the mother.
sets in, the
On
quite
fit
to
colour
and
flavour.
The milk
is
three
weeks
of
old.
first
the
month
butter.
after
calving,
the
milk will
is
not
produce
with
much
When
care
the calf
is
allowed to be
lest
the
mother, great
calf.
needed
the
cow
crush the
I allow
up
in its
own. room
away.
first
do this
fortnight.
CHAPTER
XIV.
AND HOUSE.
Value of Calves.
The
much
upon
its breed,
of greater
value than a
calf varies
common
one.
The
price of
a year-old
of a two-year-old
two
and a
Es.
from Es. 8 to
the
little
animal.
value.
The common
very
A
will.
The
price of a
cow
is
first calf,
highest
when he
age.
Some
expense of rearing
But
if
a calf
is
a good one,
cost of its
it
the stock.
its value.
The
CALVES
HOUSE.
101
to starve or neglect
sickly,
its
the
its
and becomes
be
affected,
if
will
and
value
Whereas
it
dies,
the
cow
be utterly spoiled.
its
calf
should never be
first
deprived of
mother's
milk.
For the
month
if
and
not
allowed sufficient of
injured.
its
mother's milk
it
will
be seriously
The
for
calf
should
not
be
separated
from
its
mother
at a time until
it is
twenty-one days
milked,
need remain with the mother for an hour in the morning and an hour in the evening only.
I
English method of
will
treating
calves.
taken from
she were
allowed her
calf.
English
cows
have generations of
tions of training to
calf.
make
the Indian
If
properly
102
treated the
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
cow
will give
it.
calf
than
When
a calf
is
it
should
When
three weeks old some wheat, barley, or gram, ground and soaked, mixed with some cut fresh dodb grass, should be
given to
it
three
times
day.
But on no account
many
should
grass.
people do.
is
it
and green
For the
but
if
first
three weeks or
it
month
much,
to
given food
it.
will nibble at it
As
add a
it
little
is
Mustard-seed
Salt
oilcake
positively injurious to
young
calves.
and
bad
every morning,
in the evening,
when gradually
tender
liberal
supply of
Pure drinking-
water should
be
given
ad
libitum.
old, I
When
a calf
is
months
of
103
calf
six
months old
should get
a day.
seer,
seers of oilcake
cows
indispensable.
Tying up
Calves.
up
if
tied
kept so long.
They
must be kept
The
calves
other cattle, and their room kept clean, dry, and warm,
The
flooring
of
the calves'
calf
Dry straw
be spread on the
floor for
them.
Shelter
Calves
rain,
should not be
exposed
the
midday
sun, or
and should be
They
prove
may
On no
or Ticks
sit
on wet
damp ground
and
Lice.
lice.
from vermin.
104
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Older Calves.
When
months old
months
old,
but
all
the day.
two years
is
needed
of
management
of calves.
calves.
If
you want
Cows kindly.
Here
is
bit
of
gospel
Animals, like
human
and on a dairy-farm
to
this is
success.
You cannot
at your
call,
and
to
to
submit to
familiarity
Accustom them
them
to
be vexed or
cows.
still if
of
not be attained.
good animal
feed,
may
be spoiled by bad
management.
Good
CALVES
This
VALUE,
105
is
cattle.
Though
of good breeds,
when
calves.
Male
The
;
less
they are
better
their backs or
bull-,
calves
in harness,
and
Then
again,
some
I
heifers are so
have known
make
They
should be
same kind
allowed so
of
food
as
much
any cotton-seed.
Good green
grass
and
hay
should
be given in abundance.
106
in the
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
same way
as food for milch-cows.
of
Some
salt
and
an unlimited supply
to
Why
so
many
Calves die.
large
number
of
calves
They are
and
deprived of their
insufficient
unwholesome food
to
given to them
sudden changes
of weather,
damp
they
it will
help the cow to give more milk and milk for a longer
time,
and the
calf
will
repay
all
that
is
spent on
its
CHAPTEE
XV.
"A
down
;
his
chesfc
and along
broad
and turned up
The
size
of
the
joints
is
an
The shorter
his
and rather
curly.
If
he
good health
An
ears, small
eyes rather
and
legs tapering
away
"
Cows in India.
much
neck
and instead
of the
have,
if
of a
wrinkled
when
will
always
have silky
hair."
Cows in India.
CHAPTEE
XVI.
CASTRATING CALVES.
Castrating
when Young.
In
of
month
after
consists in the
him
The
is
the animal
from two
to
five
is,
when
it
Mode
The
;
bull
is
thrown down
is
and
its
after
about 1 5 inches
tied tightly at
in length,
the animal.
One gland
is
next
CASTRATING CALVES.
the free ends are tied together.
109
sits in
A man
front and
till it
bursts
within
its
the scrotum,
when he
seizes the
well
till
it
is
cowthe
dung
or
luddi
(turmeric)
is
lastly
smeared over
scrotum.
nostrils is
At
an inch thick
is
is
put through as
This string
collar,
and a string
is
No
is
further treat-
ment
ever necessary.
The animal
mode
of operation,
and have
had a number
but
of
my
young
many
Effect
of this Process.
There
swells,
is
no wound or subis
The scrotum
the
is
so painful as
retain their
110
UOW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
When
it
a calf
is cut,
soon loses
looks
its
grows
larger,
somewhat
cow
is
but when
animal
may
would have
if
it
had been
cut.
to
Proper Time
it is
Castrate.
A
is
calf
old,
old.
When
among
thoroughly
crushed
up,
otherwise
the
animal
will
the cows.
When
is
the calf
is
not
The
evil
being allowed
roam
at large with
the cows.
The
the cows.
Even
if
he
is
lightness of carcase
and activity
in
OHAPTEE
XVII.
This
it
is is
a critical
moment
a matter of very
is
not already in
it
calf.
If
cow
in
will
and
one.
young
Many
show any
will not
cover her.
This
is
mistake.
months
;
in
I
pregnancy
to
and
advanced in
pregnancy.
as
Early Months
of
Pregnancy. in
In
the
early
months
112
of
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
it
is
pregnancy
calf.
difficult
to decide
if
cow
is
or
not in
It is
most necessary to
know
for certair
cali
and
is
when
sb
already in
Signs of Pregnancy.
The
is
of a co\
carrying
is
In the absence of
calf.
is
is
not
ii
quit
fifth
months
of
pregnane}
is
ii
calf.
The
calf
may
be
felt
the fingers
when
be
is
a hard
lump
will
felt
wate
and a convulsiv
i
motion
may
from behind
if
is
space between the flank and the udder, this motion ma;
be distinctly
felt.
When a Cow
her last
calf, as
womb
is
in
relaxed state
and incapable
Disregarding th
113
If
first
the
cow
But
is
after
month from
cow
calf, it
very
If
injurious to the
to neglect the
is
wants
of nature.
neglected, she
may become
is
a sign of
weakness.
effect of
bringing
it.
Some
months
until
when they
are eighteen
Others again
do
old.
heifer if properly
when she
is
two
months from
calf
These have a
eight
The cow
will be frequently
tail
Her
will
be in
The
vagina will
8
114
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
it.
If in
the
field,
if
tied,
but
little,
often
doing no more
than
lowing gently
is
not
soon observed.
These
symptoms
Time
is
an
symptoms
will return in
fat,
over-fed
cow
will
want
is
to go out to the
in calf.
Such a cow
If
calf,
grazing
and feeding
air
with
them.
change of
a cow
a
is
If
calf,
give her
distillery
it
is
the
juice of
the
Mahowa (none
other
115
of a
Nor should
calf.
It
is
best
to
and
spoil
them.
all
are
the
months
when
nearly
So a barren
cow should be
for
if
may
turn over a
If a
new
leaf
and
into calf a year from the time she stops milking, or two
it is
no use keeping
Very
resort
often
when
to
the
its
apart from
or injured.
be
taken
to select
a good
bull to serve
the cow.
generally
have
This
is
a
If
the
cow
is
it
calf,
do not advocate
English
bulls
for
Indian cows.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Hissar, .Nellore,
or bull
Guzerat
bull
will
cross-bred
between a short-
will not
do well.
cows out
to inferior
The cowman,
first
if
to
all
the
bull
which
at hand, which
may
not be at
a good animal.
If a
On
calf, if
As a
Putting the
is
Cow
to
the Bull.
The most
;
natural
way
and cow
in
to
so leave
them alone
an enclosure
it
but
when cows
are
restless, I
have found
best to tie
them up
to a tree
may
easily
do
so.
When
bathed
cow or
in
;
cold
water,
dried
and
sit
tied
up and
left
undisturbed
not
down
quietly and
move
for hours.
water that
117
should be
given
little
soaked Kutheela
gum
Heifers
are
sometimes
troublesome
on
till
account
of
their timidity,
calf
long after
many
They
The Sex of
It has
been observed
first,
So
with
hens,
the
first
eggs
give
late
in
their
periods,
drop
rather
than
M. Thurz, professor
the
in the
Academy
of
Geneva, from
this
consideration
:
of
these
facts,
formed
law for
stock-raisers
" If
you wish
male at the
first
signs of heat."
the Swiss Agricultural Society, Canton de Vaud, under date of February 1867, certifies:
"In
the
first
place
My
cows were
of Schurtz breed,
and
my
bull
a pure Durham.
Having
for
bought a pure
Durham
cow,
it
me
to
chance the
118
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
So I followed accordingly the
Thnrz, and the success has
I
production of a male.
prescription
of.
Professor
have obtained
from
for
my Durham
bull six
more
bulls
(Schurtz-Durham)
of
field
the same
of oxen.
My
"
In
short, I
have made in
all
twenty-nine experiments
every one I succeeded
for,
after the
in
in the production of
was looking
;
male or
female.
failure
all
the experiments
Thurz."
it is
asserted, the
most unvarying
of all
CHAPTEE
XVIII.
BARREN COWS.
bull
is
barren.
Some
cows,
had a Hansi
satisfactory
that was
results,
served
five
times
without
any
Some-
times
cause
day.
If a
cows
give
loss
much
of
trouble
much
time,
she
is
It is
no use what-
fetch.
Causes of
Sterility.
Forcing supplies of
is
sure to
make
a cow barren.
120
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Some
organic or constitu-
cow
is
become barren.
The
disorder
is
infectious.
Remedy.
When
she should
eat.
This
may
cure her
and made
she
still
continues
If this
If she is not
OHAPTEE
XIX.
The
of
age of cattle
is
growth
but
it is
so in
six rings
it is
eight
of
Of by
the the
far
more
reliable
even
it
age of a calf
;
sheds two of
a difficulty
year.
and again
there
at the
when
At
fifth
six
said to
attained
its
prime.
After
this,
the
value decreases.
guess-
decidedly.
Those,
Second Week.
Birth.
Thibd
Win.
Fourth Wsek.
Eiqht Months.
Figs. 25-30.
122
Eleven Months.
Fifteen Month3.
Eighteen Months.
Two Ye^es.
Fourth Yeah.
Figs. 31-36.
123
Ttfth Yra/r
124
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
sixth
correctness.
Careful examination of
teeth, or incisors
During
their
the
four
teeth
;
make
appearance
in
the
third
week,
six
and when
the
month
clean and even, but after the sixth get discoloured and to wear
incisors first begin to
down.
central
;
four
at twelve
months
six at fifteen
months
the whole of
when
also
two
permanent
their size
which
are
by
At
three years,
and
At
wear down.
of the
wear
bulls, bullocks,
125
long period.
is
two years
old,
;
and continues
is
do so until she
is
twenty years
of age
is
the bull
used
for
Sixth Vkar
Tenth Year
AOE BHOWB
et RINOS
renders
his
lie
best
services until he
is
After that
ought to be put
used before he
lie
plough or
carl,
Sometimes he
is
is
if
ruinous
be left until he
it will
repay in
the offspring.
"
126
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
of Cattle at different Ages.
:
Names
The names
is
given to
"
A new-born animal
;
termed
"
the male
or
"
a quey,"
called a
" cow-calf,"
" stot-calf."
a gelded animal
is
is
yearling."
a year old
it is
called " a
called " a
is
cow," which
castrated
is
bull
when
he
is
when he
is
"
bullock,"
which name
is
never changed.
heifer or
bull
is
said to
A
is
an
" eill,"
and
called
"
a
"
When
cow,"
in milk a
cow
is
termed a
milk
Native Names.
A
"
butchroo
" in
Hindi,
and a
"
bachoor
" in
is
in Bengali.
"
butchroo
cow-calf
Bengali.
Hindi, and
buddhia butchroo
" in Hindi,
and a
" bollod
bachoor
" in
in Hindi,
is
and a
" bollod
or
"
damra
" in Bengali.
cow
and Bengali.
CHAPTEE
XX.
PRICE OF CATTLE.
The
of
the
country, and
at
different
Cattle in their
own
home
sell off
From May
consequently
end
of
September the
is
under cultiva-
and there
cattle,
off in large
numbers from
Most
in October
and November.
till
The
end
prices go
up
in
the
of February.
Many
cattle
From October
to
their crops
cattle.
and are
buy
Prices of
their breed
give.
Cows. The
milk they
128
full milk,
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
with a calf under a month old,
is
as follows.
If
gives
in
twenty-
10
11 per
twenty-four hours
Es. 8 to Es.
seers of
and
10 per
seer.
Thus a
large
16 per
hours.
milk they
yielded
in
twenty-four
Sometimes
when people
cattle
them
standard price.
sales,
Cows can
also be got
cheap at auction
much below
towns.
districts.
cities
and
Cows
comparatively
sell for
cheap in their
Es.
own
120
in Calcutta,
cow
five
when
it
is
second
calf.
By
large
cows
mean cows
breed
;
of the
Hansi, Nellore,
Nagouri, or
cross-breds
district.
;
Guzerati
and
by
medium, good
of
the
When
of
course decreases
PRICE OF CATTLE.
129
The
A
to
150
to Es. 300.
have
had
He was
the only
had
at the place.
Prices of Bullocks.
also high.
The
pair.
Good Bengali
60 per
much
as
Es.
40
or Es.
sell for
from Es. 14
bring as
class to
to Es.
30 per 80
Good
cross-breds will
pair.
much
as Es.
to Es.
sell
120 per
as
First-
thoroughbreds will
for
Es.
400 per
pair.
Breed, age,
size,
difference
when he
is
XIV.
CHAPTER
MILK.
XXI.
The
quantity
of milk
obtainable
varies
considerably
after calving.
thoroughbred wella
cared-for
cow
will give
common
milk a
she
is
Some cows
of
seers
to twelve
seers,
cow
is
milked also
When
a cow
is
richer
and contains
Climate also
milk
cold
rich,
dry
soil is
very favourable.
tied
cow gives more and richer milk after her second calf
first.
When
she
is
MILK.
Quality of Milk.
131
of
The
milk
every cow
is
differs in
(1) There
the yellowish,
of fatty
is
Then there
the
The
is
much
The
last is
and one
chittack of butter to
every
seer.
While the
calf is
As
cow
goes out of milk, the butter obtained from her milk will
itself
does
the smaller
its
richness give a
quantity of
be
is
The milk
fit
of a
cow immediately
for use.
It is called calustrum. to
An
can draw.
Until the
all it can,
draw
132
and the milk
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
left
may
is
be
fit
used
not
The
solids of
is
milk are
lighter,
and
may rank
to
lower, as
is
shown by the
lacto-
meter
If
test,
than milk
that
will
show
it
as pure milk.
Then
bluish
meter
test the
pure thin
milk
this,
will
rank as
to
watered milk.
and are up
test.
Duration of Milk.
of
Opinions
;
differ
as to the length
some
say, a
up
month
rarely
met
with.
Cows
:
are
in
full
milk
fourth
for
four
sixth
months on an
average
from
the
to
signs of lessening
by small degrees,
be
a
decided
the
;
seventh
month
there
will
Some cows
and
or
nine
months.
Do
not stop
MILK.
133
A
is
cow
if
allowed to go
But
it
"
penny-wise pound-
months
When
cow
is
going
off
man
and
who milks
but
the
When
sorts,
cow seems
to
it
be
going
off
her
is
;
milk,
may
is
be that she
out of order
out of
in such
made
into a
and given
for a
appetite,
The
calf should
for a
its
continual
sucking
checked.
may
bring
back
the
which
has
been
cow's health.
together,
should be pounded
little
flour
and
treacle
and
given in
A
No
she
is
milked.
can
milk
cow
134
without
this
first
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
allowing the calf to mouth the teats, as
opens the valves, and the cow seeing the calf near,
;
few
The cow
will
dictates, and,
where
it
while she
is
being milked.
a bad habit
to
get
them
into,
and may
change
of milkers
if
may make
habit, loving
her restive
cows
like being
milked
the
of
if
they
at
are always
same same
rebel.
If
hour,
place,
and milked
the
same hour, in
will
the
seldom
cow
is
troublesome
a good
at
milking,
will
the
milker
should be changed;
man
cows quite
difficult to
docile,
and
milk when
care, in a short
Sometimes a cow's
teats get
Chapped
MILK.
135
them
air.
To avoid
this,
for,
butter
should be rubbed
in, or
and
fat
(equal
It
is
parts)
together
into
soft
ointment.
harden
without
chapping.
Chapped
teats
are
very
painful and
If
may
mother with
its teeth, it
must not
The
milking
it
of a
cow
is
the
and requires
skill
and experience.
Milking
may
lightly so as to bring
it is
it
contains.
Nievelling, as
teat with the
called,
effected
by grasping the
pressing
it
the milk out, and then relaxing the hold to allow the
teat to
refill,
so that
by a quick succession
is
of contraction
soon exhausted
136
nievelled
;
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
small cows can be milked only by stripping.
his
own method
of drawing,
and
man
one
longer the
extracting
more
restless the
yielded
is affected.
the
will
man
may
Whatever the
utensil
may
cow.
be
made
of,
it
clean.
When
trouble in milking a
As soon
the cow another calf of the same age, colour, and looks
as her
own
calf.
is
quite healthy
seer
and
clean,
and then
take
about
half
it
of milk
of the calf.
The cow
it
will smell
the
calf,
to
suck
her.
Some cows
will
take
another
calf,
whereas
When
up before her
for her to
look
at
and
MILK.
her milk
137
down
every drop.
As
soon
as
for,
the
calf
dies,
stuffed
and dried
calf
skin
extracted
away
all
and allowed
;
may be
extracted
any milk
up the cow,
of
as
is
what
is
milk
lessened.
more the
calf
sucks,
more milk
cow before
or during milking
restive,
any rough
treatment will
herself to be
carefully,
make her
milked.
and she
need
will
Servants
natives
to
be watched
in
this
for
very
few
obey
matter.
Forcing Supplies
of Milk.
Some
they
milk.
people
give cows
make
it
tasty, so that
may
drink largely
of
138
that they
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
may
Some
resort to
phooka, in
order to extract
The
that
to
the
the
milk.
Milk
is
produced
by
such
methods
the
consumer.
Again, this
Besides
all this, it is
most injurious
t=&
Fig.
CHAPTEE
CKEAM.
XXII.
Watered Milk.
Milk
;
a wineglass
pure milk.
it
;
milk
is to taste
little
and
feel to
is
it is
The
for
not to be relied on
it
shows the
whereas in reality
is
it is
pure milk.
The
shown
milk of
The
cows
so
if
ought to
to
being watered.
it
Another way
;
test the
to let
if
the
cream comes
in a thick crust it is
139
it
breaks up
140
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
off
the milk,
it
It
is
to
is
easily
makes good
butter.
It is
made by
makes
down
the
make
butter, but
good ghee.
Keeping Milk Good.
Milk
will
keep good
if
a few
The
inch deep.
tinned,
wood ashes
and
filled
If
people come in
and out
of the
room they
CREAM.
and prevent the cream from properly forming.
the
141
When
room
weather
is
warm
the doors
of
the
room should
of the
The atmosphere
should be
cool.
moment
of skimming.
;
Cold
is
some
affect
some-
milk
frost
and cream
when
;
will prevent
is
cream forming
most favourable.
and windows.
may be
storm
is
brewing, and
the
electricity in
is
if
dirty
when
things
it.
possible
remove
Skimmed Milk
hours
is
good, and
may
be
used
for
will
all
household
for
purposes.
If reboiled,
;
skimmed milk
keep good
many
hours
hours
it
for
will
make good
goats,
may
Skimmed
deal of
milk, pure
and and
nourishment,
142
produces
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
muscle,
and,
as
it is
cheaper
than
pure
unskimmed
food.
Boiling
will not
is
Milk
In
milk
keep good
any length
of
properly boiled.
than unboiled
Milk intended
for
cream
milk
and
for children.
Susceptibility of Milk.
all
may
be near
is
Milk while
it is
being boiled
some-
Iron turns
it
make them
Copper
sour
;
sour.
milk
brass turns
it
a nasty flavour.
When
tea.
China
is
all
milk
best milk
vessels.
CREAM.
Vanilla
143
in
has
wonderful
its
effect
keeping
milk
sweet
it
a drop of
essence
is
good.
Milk
carries infection
it
if
milk
is
village or bazaar
or else you
may
be
CHAPTER
XXIII.
BUTTER.
Boiled
to
70 butter
may
be
but boiled
is
boiled the
butter
yields.
If all the
milk
is
it
for thirty-
the
warm weather;
thick paste, leaving the milk below quite thin and poor,
unfit for household use, but
dogs, etc.
If
the
milk
is
to
it
be used for
butter as well as
household purposes,
for
hot weather.
more
profitable to
make
to let the
BUTTER.
145
there be
skimmed milk
from four
Cream.
When
the
cream
is
skimmed,
is
collect
it
all
in a large
mug
may
a large quantity.
When
Butter made
to fortyin
it,
by
separated
and
the
butter
churned.
is
exceedingly simple.
made in an atmospheric
much
both
butter in
an atmospheric churn.
This
method
of
of
making butter
The
only
produces
greater
quantity
butter.
146
objection
is
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
that all the milk
is
lost, as
the whole of
when
fresh, it
is
makes a
very cooling in
much
liked by natives
and some
Europeans.
The milk
large jar,
is
which
it
is
put into a
and a teaspoonful
it,
added to
and
it
is
when
a quantity
of
cold
added to
it,
and
it is
churned.
is
From one
to one
seer
and a
of
milk,
made by
this
method.
consists of a stake
;
some four
feet apart
ground
to this,
two
from
of
is
cane or
placed at
is
bamboo
The
the foot of the stake under the rings, and the churn
passed through
string is
jar.
Then a
the churn
drilled for
is
twenty minutes.
The churn
to
keep
it
open
is
this
end
is
drilled.
floats in
the jar,
when
it
is
BUTTER.
collected
147
Nearly
all
salted.
cooks
this
and
way.
khansamas
know how
to
make
butter
in
The butter-milk
seer.
Many
people drink
and
and dogs.
Atmospheric Chum.
By making
all
;
quantity of butter
is
not great
of
from every
seer
of
milk
by making
of milk, but
good for
use.
Combutter
will
be
in
both
quality
and
quantity.
closed.
Care should be
man
make
oily.
As soon
148
until the
fluid
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
churn runs easily again, and the sound of the
be distinguished
if
;
then the
it is
has formed a
impossible to
solid
lump
a great deal
lost,
as it
when
it
if
taken out
will
of
the
it
churn.
Servants,
watched,
always take
When
and give
the butter
it
and
fowls.
Wash
is
make
the butter
soft.
After washing
into pats,
;
thoroughly,
made
earthen pot
butter
made
;
in this
way
will
it
should
churning day.
Butter should never be touched with the hand or
in a
left
warm
wooden or
The churning
After
the thermometer
soft
and
oily.
BUTTER.
Pieces of ice should be dropped into the
149
chum
while
Want
is
of
perfect cleanliness
is
a great
hot weather
of
the housekeeper
perfect cleanliness
where most
of the
know a
clean thing
The
least
whole
skim the
making.
Preserving Butter.
butter,
and keep
it
in
full of
The ice-box
a good place to
"
Sweet cream
is
making
cream that
is
is
slightly sour.
The
best
made from
taken from
cream that
is
slightly
and which
is
150
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
When
cream
is
too sour or
is
too
warm,
will
foam
in the churn
It will not
do this otherwise.
To bring
the cream,
when thus
it,
reduced. a
Then the
thing in
This foaming
is
common
to be sandy,
is
to
American Farmer.
CHAPTER XXIV.
GHEE.
Making
last
Ghee.
charcoal
and
Always
spot.
have
it
At
first
will froth
up
like
degrees
will curdle,
when
it
is
nearly ready
it
will
leave
off
simmer
quietly, rising
in
now
stir
may
while
all
clear
and
it
bright.
It is
now
Take
the
fire
and pour
when
cork
down
tightly
and cover
152
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
and bladder.
it
As
If
carefully
made
it
will
keep good
The great
secret in
making ghee
fire
patience.
it
It
must
or
will
burn, turn
Home-made
ghee
when used
Clarifying Ghee.
If ghee has
its
there
is
a doubt about
sweetness, or
village, it
should be turned
and
salt,
reboiled.
Put a cupful
milk, a teaspoonful of
it
before putting
on the
fire.
It
clear as
newly made
CHAPTEE XXV.
CURD, CHEESE, AND TYER.
Curd
is
many
some places
high as 1^ to 2
seers for
is
the rupee.
fresh
Making Curd.
Curd
if
made from
milk or
in the
skimmed
milk.
boiling of itself,
something
is
put into
it
let it
it
of butter into
and
lemon
juice,
and keep
stirring.
In a
little
while the
you want
fine, soft
whey while
But
it
is
whey
it
put
it
in a piece of
let the last
up and
154
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
off.
skimmed milk
Cream
Cheese.
Cream
cheese
is
best
The process
making
it
very simple.
whey
it
drain
off.
Open the
add
cloth,
in a plate or dish,
;
salt to
and place
till
it
on a piece
the remaining
it
whey
use.
When
is
if
this is
done
is
ready for
it will
Cream cheese
nearly as nice
Tyer.
not be
kept long.
made thus
on a slow
The Take a
:
native
name
seer or
is
It is
two
fire
until it
boiled
down
to
half or two-
Pour
it
into a large-mouthed
shallow dish
an earthen
Put
and place
it
in a quiet,
it
cool corner
and
let
it
CHAPTER XXVI.
LICE, TICKS,
FLIES, ETC.
Lice.
of vermin.
winter, cattle
colour,
much by
lice
of a
bluish
and very
removed, the cow will get quite sickly from the great
irritation.
The cure
is
simple
The
so
small
is
that
they will
escape detection
unless
the
coat
carefully
examined.
When
look
you
for
observe
parasites.
cow rubbing
herself
constantly,
Calves
often
get
them
in
large
die.
numbers, and
if
weak and
picked
off.
They
off,
and a cow
relief
will
when
156
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
one to twenty
very much.
The
gad-fly bites
the
common
cattle
of
Phenyle,
much with
flies.
The
cattle-
Burn
of
mosquitoes away.
Throw
fire.
8 chittacks
.
.
Spirits of turpentine
Gum
camphor
Ground sulphur
Phenyle
4 chittacks
chittacks
4 chittacks
chittack
Care must be
CHAPTEE
XXVII.
may
The
is
divided into
of
October to
the 1st of
March.
At
than in the
At night they
with a blanket or a
warm
coat especially
made
for them.
Keeping
except from 12 to
them good,
and
rain,
in a
warm house
during
the night.
The milk-cow
affected by
it.
feels
her milk
is
There will be
sufficient
grass
on properly managed
this season.
From
the end of
of
September
to the beginning of
July,
when
158
not done the
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
cattle will
to
is
suffer
From October
cheap, and
it
away
and
In February, wheat,
kullie,
of
March, and
July.
At
this
of
cared
is
may
be tied
At
not be
much
(chaff)
It
best to
grow some
this season.
of
June
to the 1st of
At
this season
there
is
any
ill
showers of rain
Servants must
159
leave
the
they will
all
storms
may
all seasons,
if
and they
any inconvenience,
only they
drained.
all
seasons to guard
CHAPTEE
XXVIII.
CATTLE-DUNG.
Cattle-Dung
is
largely used
;
by natives as
it
if
fuel,
and
for
some use
for
manure.
The
last-named
not burn
it
is its
for
manuring
coal,
to health.
The commoner
who have
them.
own
none.
they
sell
the surplus
to
those
who have
Profit.
The
dung, when
it
is
fresh,
it
can be
sold, or
made
manure and
least a pice
A
of
worth
Manure-pits.
For
all
making manure a
to
pit
four
of
feet
the
number
cattle,
the
CATTLE-DUNG.
into
it
161
When
the pit
is
nearly
to
a lot of
make
should be covered
The
must be kept
will be
fit
manure
any negligence in
loss.
this
matter
may
cause
much
sickness and
CHAPTER XXIX.
GRASS-LAND.
Providing
Fodder
most
for
cattle
in
India
is
subject
deserving the
of all
serious
The ryots
the
necessity for
want
of
food.
The
are
of
cattle
on
the roadsides, or
tied
near
only
gaze at the
fields
them.
No
is
The consequence
so
that the
cattle
are
only skin
do
much
year,
lands.
a are
great
number
to
die
every
their
and
the
ryots
is,
unable
are
cultivate
The
or
result
ryots
have
sufficient
food
their
to
families.
Every
for
village should
its
be
compelled
have grass-lands
cattle.
There should
be a
law
162
compelling
the
zemindars
and ryots
to reserve
GRASS-LAND.
cattle.
163
cattle
One
biggah per
If
head
there
of
should be the
of
minimum
in
allowed.
be
200 head
cattle
200
biggahs of grazing
land
reserved
in
this
village.
Each
as
cattle
owner
of
should
be
compelled
to
reserve
many
biggahs
The
land,
zemindar
should take
a nominal rent
for
if
this
and the
cattle
he cultivates
The Magistrate
This he could
assistants
do
personally,
or
through
his
and
deputies
when on
and
tour.
Europeans
fodder
for
the
cattle,
richer
class
of
let
natives
buy
their
and do not
them starve
is
or suffer.
But
green food
very
expensive.
If
you have
for grass,
piece
will
of
land
that
if
you
can
set
apart
fodder.
you
do wisely
you cultivate
It will
be cheaper
to
the year
Amount
of
Land
needed.
Three and
cattle
a half biggahs or
sufficient to provide
green food
one cow.
For village
to
less
head will
suffice
keep
them
cannot thrive on
In
164
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
to supply
is
a cow with
square
all
biggah
14,400
feet, or
it
120
is
feet
by 120
feet.
Some say
stall-feed
best to
land,
is
and
the
to
cattle.
Others,
say
it
more
the
profitable
cattle will
for then
thrive better.
My
opinion
to
is,
be
in grass,
and barley,
five
biggahs.
chaff,
Fertility of
Land.
Pasture-lands
graze
need
proper
management.
Many
persons
their
cattle
on
away the
of doing
lands.
ment.
a serious mistake.
The very
its
productive
fertility of
land
by the application
of
manure, or by frequent
is
up
of the soil.
In some
GRASS-LAND.
165
if
ingenuity were
is
exercised.
But
in
most
it
places water
irrigate
the land.
The
method
is
The
land
it
best
time
to
;
is
is
almost bare
March showers
wash
down
Preparation
of Land.
Before
the
manure
is
put
down on
of grass
roots.
The enormous
strain
all this
After
this,
land,
again,
harrowing,
rolled.
the
should
is
be
properly
levelled
and
The ploughing
;
necessary only
manuring
it
after this,
the stones
Every
five
be thoroughly ploughed.
procured
166
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Unless the lands are well drained the grass will be stunted
and destroyed.
If the lands are
will be
Doob
to
grow.
of
you
find the
coarse
and
an unnutritious kind,
dodb.
The
doob
is
soft,
and very
it
nutritious,
and
very greedily.
The seed
from any
of the gardens.
up
into
and scatter
it
it.
Guinea grass
is
it
makes the
It
may
young
tries a
to calve early
but as
it
cow's constitution
is
the calf
nature.
Green
Food.
corn,
Wheat,
barley, kullia
or
woorid
very
and
Indian
when they
are
green
and
young,
make
very
make
. . .
167
2 4
1
1
Drop.
Teaspoonful
^ Chittack.
1 Dessertspoonful 1
:
Chittaek.
Tablespoonful
\ Chittack.
Chittack.
60 Minims (m..)
8
1 1
Dram (3) rV
Pint 10 Pint 10
Quart
Drams
20 Ounces
4 Gills
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
1
2 Pints
2 Quarts
4 Quarts
1J Seer.
Seers.
Pottle 1\
Gallon
5 Seers.
Seers.
Peck 10
Strike
Bushel 1 Maund.
1 1 1 1
1
12 Sacks
5 Quarters
Wey
or
Load
40 Maunds.
10 Quarters
Last 80 Maunds.
Avoikdupois Weight.
16
Drams
16 Ounces 14 Pounds
= = =
1
1 1 1 1
1
28 Pounds
=
=
112 Pounds
Maund, 16
Seers.
20 Hundredweights
Ton28
Maunds.
Inches
Feet
Poles
Roods
Acres
640
= = = = = = =
1 1 1
1
Square Rod.
Chain.
1 1
1
Rood.
168
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
4 Sicki
5 Sicki
4 Kutohas. 4 Chittacks 4
Powahs
5 Seers
8 Pusserees
BAZAAR WEIGHT. = Tola rupee. = Kutcha1J rupee weight. = Chittaek5 rupees weight. = Powah 20 rupees weight. = 1 Seer80 rupees weight. = 1 Pusseree 10 or 10
1 1
1
1 1
lbs.
lbs.
10 oz.
Maund 80
Pon.
or 82J lbs.
= =
1 1
Kahon.
1 Ohittack.
16 Chittacks
= =
45 sq.
1
1
ft.
or or or
5 sq. yds.
Cottah
20Cottahs
Bigha
3i Bighas
= = =
720
14,400
1 Acre.
80
,,
1600
CHAPTER XXX.
DAIEY-FAKMING.
have
often heard
it said, it is
in this country to
I
of
make
am
large
find
sums
these
money
the attempt.
On
inquiry I
in
way
that
certainly
not
ensure success.
Some
to feed
the milk.
They
servants
to
give
they please
so
they
know
the
they
know
may
contain anything.
some
of their friends
and
170
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
doubtful quality, so in a
little
The
cost of servants
for
and food
for the
cows
exceeds
the
receipts
milk
finds
and- butter
produced,
if
himself
in
debt
not
is
This
is
Now
essentials
it
is
the business.
First, the
person
man
or
woman
must
That
be
it
of the business.
work one
to
Second, he
must be
diligent
and prepared
do a large portion of
to
do and
to
The
control.
Third, he
of
his
DAIRY-FARMING.
171
He must
do
all
demand
If,
for
milk
and butter
as the
is
demand
daily increases.
so,
a short time, he
failed to
unable to do
those
whom
and he
custom permanently.
As
dairy
-
farming
;
capital
India
farming.
is
stuff
are
cheap, labour
is
cow
England
and America.
Most
of
Then
again, milk
England
and America.
A
it
In England
five
forty pounds, of
of
butter.
In India
of
it
pounds
In England
in
172
will sell for
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
from twelve to twenty cents a pound
;
and
in India it
annas a pound.
sells
Then
again,
to
in
for
from eightpence
in
will fetch
from thirteen
does
in
sell
either
for
butter
either
higher
or
in
England
America.
Now
if
the aboveit is
work a dairy-farm
in India.
Experience.
of the
of
the
Government
detail of
the
work.
Some
private
can
be
conducted
successfully
knowledge
To
be
make
dairy
farm
pay enough
it
to
enable a
man
must
From
fifty to
a hundred
lands,
cows must
buildings,
kept.
The outlay
etc.,
for
cattle,
utensils,
implements,
will
be
between
DAIRY-FARMING.
thirty
thirty rupees.
173
small dairy with
fifteen
thousand
will take
away a great
deal from
The
dairy should
sumers
in the
done
will be impossible
The
The
even
during the
it.
dry cows and the calves, and for letting out milk-cows
for
exercise.
of
There
for
should
be
Triggahs
land
each
cow.
A
this
dairy
with
one
If
hundred cows
it
is
will need
of land.
impossible
to
obtain
immediately near
174
to enable
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
the milk-cows and
little
calves to exercise,
into
cattle
different lots.
for
A
and
should
be
allowed
-
the
grazing
exercise,
and
two
thirds
cultivated
The
success
of
much
and yield
By
best milkers, I
mean cows
give
No cow
dairy.
giving
than 3600
lbs. of
is
milk, yielding
180
lbs. of butter,
in ten months,
worth keeping in a
cow
that gives
ten
seers
pound
yield
of butter a day is a
good cow.
Some cows
will
from twelve
day and
Some cows
will
milk
months,
It
best.
It is a
foolish "
policy to
months.
DAIRY -FARMING.
care, for his
cattle.
175
Good cows
By
cross-
mean
crosses
between pure
Hissar,
Nellore,
to select their
Hissar,
crosses between
Indian breeds.
Dry Cows.
than to
sell
It
will
always
be
found
more
satis-
them
to
the
the
three
cows are
or
properly managed
they will
milk
four
will
months
after calving,
bull.
They
will
come
have
treated
subject
more
fully
in
previous
chapter.
It is
more
profitable for
to
buy them.
the dairy
is
on breeding.
dairy should have a couple of really
Bulls.
Every
176
first-class
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Hissar or Nellore bulls to serve the cows as
Unless this
spoiled.
is
become permanently
subject.
on
this
Important Matters.
the
mode
need
of exercise, cleanli-
calves, etc.,
and
for information.
Buffaloes.
Most
of
numbers
of
buffaloes for
The
;
better breeds of
from
is, fifty
pounds
It
a day.
The milk
is
much
to
of
butter.
very large
are
more
and succumb
much
more quickly.
than the cow's
The
calf.
buffalo-calf is
more
difficult to rear
I consider buffaloes
to
dairy purposes.
conclusion
My
chief
are, first,
very
is
human consumption
until it
It
skimmed and
may
DAIRY-FARMING.
is
177
Parents
who have
the welfare of
children
at
this
milk
is
given
liver,
and over-heating
in his report
Mr. H. A.
Howman
on dairy
fully
is
work
in India, submitted to
Government
in
1890,
corroborates
my
statements.
He
says buffalo-milk
He
ill.
Unscrupulous dairy-
men
sell
horse-breeders'
young
horses,
because, as
buffalo-milk
succumb
to heat
buffalo-milk, but
of the colder
and people
itself.
Buffalo-milk
considered very
much
and
if
seej-s
Second, the
butter
made from
buffalo-milk
is
not
Buffalo-
178
butter
is
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
very white, and has not the nice flavour of
cow's butter.
To remedy
;
this
a lot
of
colouring and
all
but notwithstanding
it is
the
very inferior
cow's milk.
good for
ghee.
If
butter were
of the buffalois
adulterated
" tree
tallow,"
The better
class of natives
to
"
Gowah
at
ghee,"
seer for
or ghee
made from
sell
one
and a half
to
two
the rupee.
sale.
No dairyman
will take about
It
pound
sells at
of butter to
of ghee,
and ghee
from two
to
let
The
his
dairyman should
alone,
and confine
Some
Difficulties.-
-The
him
will be
smooth
He may by
he
may by
his
ment make
he
may by
;
fair
but
;;
DAIRY-FARMING.
he will have to fight for the victory.
are
179
The
chief enemies
lie,
His
own
servants will
steal,
end
to
of trouble.
He
closely,
The servants
will be in
outside
or
to
his
advantage
to
give
the
and
it
will
be
to
if
much
as possible,
and
It will
much
for
wonder why
milkman
way
cows do
again,
Then
the consumers.
is
They want
the
or
bribes.
If
not
given,
milk
is
of
180
and then,
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
in a great
many
cases, the
milk
is
rejected.
Finally, there
are
and do
all
them.
and
difficulties in
the
his
way
of
If
success
assured.
BOOK
II.
CHAPTER
I.
Me. Hallen
says,
-There
are
many
diseases of a very
to.
Some
of
them
proper
preventive
and
curative
of
measures
are
any contagious
be surprised
if
it.
most of your
and
destroyed by
Cattle,
ill.
for
and
fed,
seldom become
When
Some
fed,
they become
from contagion,
182
The causes
explained
;
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
of the different
and
in
vented
cattle
blame
if
any
of
Hay, straw,
seasons
of
bhoosa,
bran,
etc.,
must be stored
for
when
cattle plague
let
may
be prevailing.
loose to pick
food
and very
In
and
the
grass.
the
inundation
subsides,
submerged
care
exposed
heavy
of
damp winds
Disease
is
Einderpest
cattle in
is
the
India,
and
is
From 50
to
90 per
and braxy
in sheep are
fatal
;
undoubtedly contagious
animal seldom recovers.
in India,
and very
is,
an
Braxy
in sheep
DISEASES OF CATTLE, GOATS,
The following
I.
AND
SHEEP.
:
183
When
purchased at a
fair
from
all directions,
and
mouth
When
being
moved from
route,
at
often
this should
;
be particularly observed
to travel
or
When
are purchased in a
purchaser's
and
not
by themselves
to
for at least
not.
any
184
contagion
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
appears
among them,
the
affected
animals
and picketed
at
if
some distance
apart.
At
the end of
three months,
safely pastured
IV.
When
they
they should be
appears
important
duty
is to
symptoms
of
disease.
lots,
making each
lot as small
number
lot,
and remove
at
By
steadily
and by at once
removing
to the hospital
any becoming
185
Each
lot
the last
animal of the
lot affected
has been
removed.
VIII. The hospital should be at a good distance from
the cow-shed, enclosed by a strong fence.
The attendants
to leave the
to
and the
sick cattle
enclosure.
taken
the
litter, or
to go to
litter, etc., of
charges,
stalls,
should
and buried
pits should
in pits
dug
in
These
be
filled
dung,
etc., of
the hospital up
to within
two
feet.
and ground
of
the hospital
by frequent sweeping
powder, or
or
186
floors
first
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
and at
and
windows should be
partly open.
closed,
rice,
The healthy
on soft and laxative food, as cattle fed on hard dry food have the disease in a more severe form than those fed on laxative fodder.
XIII.
When
among
pasture or
the
last
case
of
disease
among the
affected lot.
warm
water,
in the proportion of
of water.
XV.
quarter,
and
other
forms
of
anthrax
fever,
pleuro-
these contagious
187
knife,
carcases.
of earth floors of stalls
and ground
have
cattle affected
earth.
floors
may
or carbolic acid.
XVIII. Poles
of carts
and harness,
or saddlery,
etc.,
The
old lining
and
stuffing
of
N.B.
Mange
in
cattle
nature
still,
when
among
of
the diseases
cattle
and
mangy
and
CHAPTER
II.
cattle,
goats,
and
herd
common
that
is
to say, in a large
some
always be present.
They
The
may
I will
to
my
mind.
1.
Cough.
Sometimes
every
cattle, goats,
troubled
of
bamboo
Aconite Nap.
lx.
ten
Nux Vom.
is
relieved.
and sheep.
warm water
189
and give
half
twice a day.
2.
Weak
Causes.
Blow from
;
damp, or excessive
;
heat.
The
there
is
tears flow
;
in
abundance
is
the eye
Examine
Wash
lx.
all dirt
and
foreign bodies.
of cold
aud Belladonna
lx.
lx.
alternately,
Half the
out of
Mange
is
an infectious
in
Causes.
Parasites
the
skin,
caused by want of
cleanliness.
Treatment.
chittaclcs of salt
and
goats,
and sheep.
190
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
a liniment of the following medicines and rub
Make
morning
Cocoanut
oil
4 chittaeks
4 chittaeks
Spirits of Turpentine
Gum Camphor
Ground Sulphur
Phenyle
.
2 chittaeks
4 chittaeks
1
chittack
The
affected parts
rubbed
5.
If
cow
or goat takes
own
urine or that of
Cradles
made
of pieces of
bamboo
tied together.
If
drinking-
Broken Horns.
The
horns of
cattle,
goats,
and
Falls, blows, or
The
is
The bone
is
is
not detached,
and there
no open wound.
Treatment.
Support
the
parts
with
splint
and
rest,
191
The fracture
torn
is left
bare
and bleeding.
Treatment.
Bandage
the
part with
soft
cloth
and
and
keep
water.
it
and water
or Arnica
The horn
will not
grow
and there
of
Inflam-
mation
set in.
may
follow, or
gangrene
Treatment.
Immediately
it
with
is
in
pain, give
it
Aconite Nap.
lx.
alternately, ten
and sheep.
Great care and cleanliness are necessary to prevent
gangrene.
7.
cattle,
goats,
Treatment.
192
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
it
Apply a
little
dry
to
the part
of
rumination,
is
not so
much
symptom
is
of disease.
Treatment.
If
there
no
costiveness,
and
if
no
Nux Vom.
lx.
ten
on
cattle,
goats, or
liable
sheep
to
should
They are
be
Wash
water, or
with
every four
hours
if
there be
much
pain.
Half the
quantity for
calves, goats,
and sheep.
10.
All ruminat-
These
papillae
lip,
milking cow's
193
care
is
Treatment.
The mouth,
is
This disease
the creature
Give
Nux Vom.
evening.
wheat gruel
each time.
salt in it
it
in a horn or
bamboo
11. Lampas.
Horses
gums
Deranged stomach
The
of
or bowels, or worms.
Symptoms.
much
were
it
not eat
its food.
When you
if
finger, it
sounds as
it
The animal
hard.
iron,
Some
but this
is
The
the
common
and
13
treatment adopted
by natives
is
to
little
fill
Asafce-
194
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
is
to give the
animal
Nux Vom.
dition
well with
sheep.
Half quantity
calves, goats,
and
12.
Wasting
in Calves.
Very
;
often
calves
refuse
if
if
it
Loss of appetite
is
As
caredis-
food,
examine
it
is
wrong.
if,
If
no disease can be
it
even then,
give
it
two drams
of the condition
lx.
and evening, or
Nux Vom.
you
find the
symptoms continue
the
in spite of
the ten
medicine,
days.
If
continue
medicine
for
week
or
the
in the stomach,
This
is
Causes.
food,
Disordered
stomach, poor
and
insufficient
damp
weather.
Symptoms.
The
hair
looks
rough
and
clotted, the
195
and
and
listless,
The
hair
begins
or falls
again.
Sometimes
have seen
many
Treatment.
The
cause
of
the
hide-bound must be
it is
symptom
Nux
Vom.
lx.
alternately,
from
five to
two drams
evening.
of the
Accessory Treatment.
Eice or wheat
salt in its
gruel
food.
must be
Give
Wherever
is
for,
hide-bound
be
never seen.
abundance.
Also,
given in
mix three
chittachs of
Mustard
oil,
one chittack of
and quarter
all
of a chittack of Phenyle,
and no
it
If
in
196
ment.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
But be careful
to
14.
Cold or Catarrh.
and
Causes.
The
disease
is
Symptoms.
there
is
The
if
nose
is
dry, the
in one place as
in the limbs,
is
There
more
fever,
and
or
it
will
It
is
lx.
lx.
and Mercurius
alternately, every
two hours.
Accessory Treatment.
rest,
and keep
it
warm and
it
Cover
it
with a
blanket, and
place.
keep
in
warm
but well-ventilated
No
liquid
must be given
twenty-
four hours.
Bo
one or two
197
to
thick
mash.
When
warm wheat
treatment
or
have
found
the
homoeopathic
very
successful.
15.
joints
Sprains.
of
The
legs
muscles,
or
ligaments
of
the
the
or
tendons,
become ruptured or
sprained.
painful,
The part
swells
is
Treatment.
As
soon
as
splint
kept at
of cold
rest,
When
the
swelling and
the hand.
16. Dislocation sometimes results
from accident or
It is a
if
very
painful
thing,
and
may
terminate
seriously
surgeon should be
Treatment.
and
If
then
seize
the
leg
and
pull
it
downwards.
The bone
snap.
application
all
that
is
necessary.
If
there be
much
198
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
little
Arnica
may
or the Belladonna
Sore Feet.
Causes.
etc.,
Foreign
wet
will be troubled
with sore
feet.
let out
and properly
treated,
Treatment.
all
Examine
foreign
dirt
and
all
matters
that
may
be
found.
Remove
dead hoof
feet
Wash
linseed
the
with
warm
meal or bran.
there
be any.
Wash
and water.
Ten drops
Silicea
6x.
should
be given
internally,
Costiveness
if
in
cattle
may
terminate
very
seriously,
neglected.
Cause.
Treatment.
food.
chittacks of Eno's
warm water
or quarter of a
;
Epsom
salt in a seer of
warm water
of thin,
quarter of
rice gruel.
an hour
after, give
two quarts
warm
199
it
it
is
Nux Vom.
of
powder
Symptoms.
The
half
chewed
is
mouth
the animal
ulcerated, caused
by the
irregular teeth.
Treatment.
The mouth
of
must be
carefully examined,
and
all
smoothed by means
there
be a
must be drawn
20.
out.
ill.
The Navel
suffer
lambs
from this
disease.
navel
bleed
want
of
Treatment.
ligature
if
If
the
cord be
of
sufficient
length,
tied,
but
close
abdomen, a
little
; ;
200
If
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
not attended to at once, an abscess
may form
in
may
cause death, or
flies
may blow
the
sore
and breed
maggots.
If
for
abscess.
The
calf
leaving the
;
cold
strong winds
want
of
The
nipples get
sometimes
the
little
about
the teats
become very
inflammation
udder
may
set in.
Treatment.
Wash
warm
water,
dry. perfectly,
or
Great
of
care
to gently
milk
if
must be cow
used.
Any
spoil
rough treatment
her.
may make
the
vicious
and
Preventive.
Keep
rub some
is
butter or mustard
milked.
oil
CHAPTER
TIL
1.
Some
be a cross-birth, or
if
tumours,
dropsy,
will
or
the
large
size
of
the
calf,
the
management
skill.
require
professional
knowledge and
be successfully
Simple causes
:
of the difficulty
may
treated thus
Protracted labour.
Gelseminum
minutes.
Ix.
hour or twenty
After-pains.
After labour,
if
or two.
after calving,
may
Ix.
Give Pulsatilla
fails to effect
Secale
lx.
in the
same way.
202
Flooding.
quiet,
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Allow
the cow to
parts
lie
with the
hinder
lower.
belly,
must be applied
to
The
China
and Secale
When
the blood
is
When
lx.
the blood
is
Great
rest.
care
must be taken
to
give the
Do
lie
Do
down.
Do
2.
Slipping
down
of the
womb
is
common comif
they
had many
calves.
This
is
a complaint
to treat,
;
know how
and
if
they generally
a
let
and
cow
is
known
at
to
buy her
any
price,
however low.
The Symptoms.
Cause.
convulsive efforts
made to expel
out,
the foetus.
-The
womb
is
thrown
and hangs
of the animal.
This complaint
slips it
only wants
care.
Im-
mediately the
womb
No
force
of
kneading
it
till
the whole
is
up
and then
till
when
the hand
may
be
by a bandage
to sit to strain
when
in pain
she
does, or
if
her eyes
womb may
mortify and
fall out.
If the services of
of
The alum
must be made by
dis-
alum
204
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Accessory Treatment.
be kept perfectly
No
3.
Swollen Uddek
if
symptom, and
may
lead to
much
distress,
is
It is a
bruise, or
some injury
to
after calving, or
by
the cow
may
swell.
If
there
is
great
is
the milk
not
extracted,
If the
it is is
likely to coagulate
cow
in the udder,
may
cause inflammation.
Sometimes,
giving the cow cold water to drink after she has calved
causes
it.
Symptoms.
the
One
of
inflammation
is,
cow objecting
is
to the
bumping
The
some
udder
there
is
Then
little
hard lumps
can be
pulse
felt in
The
is full,
DANGEROUS BUT NOT CONTAGIOUS DISEASES. 205
hard.
become
of
the disease
;
more severe
the
cow
will
not eat or
consequence of matter
having
formed
blood.
matter
is
it
will spread
its
through the
to the
making
way slowly
through which
it
ulcers.
and
is lost.
in
many
If this
some time
Treatment.
The
ordinary treatment
is
as follows
is
As soon
painful
as
it is
swollen or
and there
difficulty in
boiled,
may
The
draw
some
of the inflammation.
ill
There
is
danger of the
of
calf
becoming
it is
an inflamed
udder, so
206
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
of the teat-tube or a
milking or by means
pump.
Give
quarter of a seer of
a seer of
common
salt in
warm
in
water, or half
Epsom
salt,
warm
place.
At
the very
commencement
of the
make a
is
lime (such as
warm
water.
neem
leaves.
Homoeopathic
Treatment.
As
is
soon
as
the
least
symptom
of
inflammation
lx.
;
Aconitum Nap.
neem
leaves,
liniment.
If
donna
If
no improve-
ment takes
matter give Hepar Sulp. 3x. one grain every four hours,
to
head by putting on a
The
poultice
; ;
the
wound
it
looks
or
smells
in
the
wash
be put on simple
salt in the food.
and doob
Put
not
If
the udder
fills
with milk
many days
empty the
is
calf is born,
oil
with a
of
Camphor
in
it.
the calf draw out every drop of milk and rub the udder
with Mustard
oil
and Camphor.
of the complaint.
4.
Eheumatism.
This disease
is
rather
common
in
some
districts in India.
Causes.
Exposure
;
to
;
damp
and
floors
bad food
Symptoms.
is
The
;
animal becomes
and droops,
disinclined to move.
There
is
loss of appetite
Sometimes there
last
is
much
fever.
is
for
return with
change of weather.
208
Treatment.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Give Aconite
Nap.
Ix.
lx.
two hours.
;
it
should be given
to the affected
after Aconite.
parts.
warm and
5.
Paralysis.
in
motion
Causes.
or in packof
bullocks,
from over-loading
to
sudden changes
temperaheat.
ture
and exposure
of grain
Some kinds
and herbs
Symptoms.
legs
;
The animal
and
is
loss of
move
freely.
It falls
pulse full
loss of appetite
involuntarily.
Treatment.
Give
Belladonna
lx.
and
Nnx Vom.
Rub
lx.
the back
salt.
Place
Turn her
Great
6.
Hoven.
Distension of the
It is a
first
stomach or rumen
common
;
disease
among
cattle.
Irregular
feeding
eating
to.
food
that
the
been almost starved for some time, when put into rich
pasture
or given
grain, over- feed
wind
is
given
off.
places, or eating
Symptoms.
The symptoms
belly, to
of the
fingers, is
found
consist of
;
wind
in the first
stomach
breathing
the
is difficult
cud
the head
stiffly,
poked out
stands quite
move
the
the
mouth
is filled
with frothy
;
saliva,
is
the back
the animal
fluid
;
and struggles
sometimes sour
lastly,
210
This disease
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
is
and
is
poison, on
runs
its course.
In
may
be from one
in
more protracted
cases, the
symptoms
may
Treatment.
Give the
After
dose, give
Nux Vom.
lx.
lx.
alternately, ten
An enema
relieve
If
of
two
seers of
warm water
Glycerine
the
of
ounces
animal.
case
of
dissolved
will
the
Wash
water.
the
is severe,
and
no
must
The
trocar
ward
Accessory Treatment.
Give
and
salt
soft
for
Also
powder every
day.
7.
Grain-sick.
Impaction
either of
of
the
rumen
or
or
first
stomach with
food,
coarse
tough and
Indigestible
and
;
coarse
grass
or
reeds
When
the
stomach
is
over-loaded
it
becomes at
first
torpid in action,
of its
becoming powerless.
Symptoms.
in hoven.
left
The
;
symptoms
are
somewhat
is filled
like
those
;
with gas
the
flank,
elastic,
and yielding
to
the
fingers
;
on percussion,
it
sounds hollow
and
drum - like
has an
puffing;
frequent belching;
smell
;
offensive
and
position
;
standing,
head
stretched
forward,
unable to move
eyes red
and
staring.
the
stomach
is
packed with
animal
is
food.
gradually.
;
The
pressed on,
earth.
is
to
;
be constipated
iluid
;
the
standing
teeth and
grunts.
As
ferment,
the
stomach
the
212
pulse becomes
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
weak and
Death
is
becomes
more
difficult.
The
Nux Vom. lx. ten drops every hour allow it to drink as much water as it will drink. If the animal seems to be in much pain, then
Treatment.
;
Give
it
the animal
before
giving
Nux
in
Vom.
a
little
give
it
forty
drops
of
Eubini's
at
Camphor
of
warm
an
interval
of
fifteen
minutes.
An
of
enema
of
two
seers
Glycerine bound.
should be given
If
lx.
much
Inflammation
is
recognised
When
cutting
it
the medicines
fail
to act,
must be relieved by
Plunge a
sharp penknife into the flanks between the last rib and
the point of the hip-bone; cut from above about two
make
an incision about
the
belly,
six
and
then
through
the walls
all
of
the
the food.
When
warm
all
the food
chittiicht
is
two or three
water.
of Eno's
stomach and
well
wound with
gangrene
Iodoform.
does
taken that
not
redressed
twice
This
operation
requires
practised hand.
Accessory Treatment.
The animal
of fresh
gruel.
Give
a
the
quantities
least
give
abundance
day.
pure drinking-water
at
three
times
substances
in
8.
Fakdel-bound.
Impaction
stomach as
of
and becomes
and
obstruction.
Causes.
common
in a season
when
there
is
an
214
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Cattle and sheep
to eat hard
of
then
hunger
and and
fibrous grasses
trees,
and
reeds,
or branches
is
shrubs,
such
the
stomach.
Symptoms.
is
The animal
appetite
;
there
is is
a loss of
respiration
quickened, and
slight diar-
a rule, there
is
constipation;
faeces,
now and
of the
passed
the
hij>h
signs of hoven.
Tf relief is
sets in.
its
and
its
countenance
is
peculiarly expressive
of
pain
Any dung
a moan.
passed
is
The grunt
last stage the
now becomes
stupor
in
some
cases
symptoms
of great
in-
The duration
of
from
five
to
fifteen days.
Treatment.
The treatment
of
of its
Salt,
two doses
an interval
of fifteen minutes.
Half an hour
lx.
after
give
Nux Vom.
and
Belladonna
two.
alternately,
ten
drops every
hour or
Accessory Treatment.
Give
warm
much
and
in
the
its
caked food in
escape.
the
third
stomach and
it
is
soft
Preventive.
of drinking-water,
of salt.
216
9.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Choking.
Difficulty in
swallowing or inability
to
swallow.
Cause.
This condition
may
be-
of the throat or in
any
Sometimes foreign
iron, nails,
are
when very
the lining
may
lacerate
membrane
of the tube.
Symptoms.
the
back part
of
mouth
and
salivates,
will be returned
by the
making two
or three swallows,
and
filling
mouth and
nostrils.
The animal
is
very uneasy
his countenance
shows
the
down
In a
by the mouth.
if
little
the animal
will
side
of
the belly
the obstruction
is
in
mouth
it
will
be
felt.
If it is in
part of the
on the
not
down the
gullet
any impediment
gradually become
filled
when
quite filled
it
up
vomition of
Treatment,
linseed
oil,
will occur.
Give
warm
half
ounces, well
mixed together.
This will lubricate the gullet and the impacted food
or foreign body, and
force
it
stimulate
onward.
and only a
at a time.
218
If the
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
cause of obstruction
is
if
in the
throat
portion of
oil
and
round
the
swelling
it
removed a
little,
then give a
more
of the oil
and
and by
so persevering the
by the symptoms
it
is is
oil
failed to
remove
it,
at hand,
may
be
down the
move
If a
proper tube
size of
an egg, covered
being well
into
soaked in
oil,
be
introduced by the
mouth
During
this operation
is
cut or torn
much
from the
injured,
and
in such
a case choking
part of
the
gullet
weak
for
some days,
so only soft
for three or
must be given
of the gullet
is,
with a knife,
cases,
when
the obstruction
is
in that part,
in
extreme
10.
Bed-watek.
This
of
is
of the food
preparation
the
blood,
debility,
and
Both
cattle
and
especially a short
this
and probably
Some
on them cease
to suffer
from red-water.
220
The
people, disease
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
very often
feed attacks the cattle of poor
who cannot
will
them
properly.
Foul water
It occurs
off
boggy lands
more
when
the
animals change
to the disease
indeed,
may
particularly
food
which, though
bulky, contains a
and doubtless
Symptoms.
At
first
now and
by not
;
and
if
The
the skin
tinge
;
is
dry, unhealthy,
is
the back
arched
the animal
;
is
found alone,
may
become
symptoms
up
to
of
The
urine,
this
perhaps only a
little
tinged.
As
but
remains
affected
but
at once
becomes altered in
and the
it.
Constipation generally
is
more
of
to the disease.
The urine
is
the lining
membranes
;
mouth and
;
the eyes
are sunk
weak
loses
respiration rapid
the animal
lies
down much,
condition
rapidly,
is
unable to rise
is
death ensues.
The duration
five
of
the disease
from
five to
twenty-
days.
Treatment.
or
lx.
lx.,
Nux Vom.
two hours.
Accessory Treatment.
Abundance
of
Preventive.
-Good
pasturage, regular
shelter.
supply of salt
11. Indigestion
in
and Diakrhcea.
frequent
222
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
;
stitutional disturbance
but
sometimes with
signs
of
abdominal
irritation.
inordinate
Causes.
It generally arises
taken
foul
some
unwholesome
Indigestion
is
forage,
herbage,
or
of
water.
frequently
the
cause
diarrhoea.
it,
and
In the Panjab
it is
known by
name
of chooknee,
and
scarce,
and the
foul water.
An
may
also cause
diarrhoea.
looseness
of
the
bowels
invariably
appears.
it,
Cold
or
sudden
chill
has
specially
an unhealthy
condition.
Exposure
Diarrhoea
to great heat is
generally attacks
first
when grazing on
the rains.
wind
at first with
no straining or
pain.
;
the rumination
of
may
be a
little irregular,
;
milk
may
seems but
If
little affected.
the
purging
the
;
continue
long, then
there will
be
straining at
back
will be arched
more
Give
lx.
ten
two
hours.
Do
if it
continues more
than four or
of the condition
Treatment.
grass,
Clean
water,
soft,
sweet, and
wholesome
gruel.
After the
Nux
Vom.
lx.
dram
of the condition
224
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
12. Epilepsy.
Causes.
Young,
The
is
most
liable
to
it.
Exposure
and
Symptoms.
suddenly
every part
is
manner
;
body
violently convulsed
the
tail
lashed,
the teeth are ground, the mouth closed, and the jaws
fastened together
;
the breathing
;
is
quick,
and attended
less severe,
if
then
nothing had
happened out
Treatment.
During
the
fit
make
face
but as
one attack
must aim
at
prevention
and
cure.
Ix.
Give
the
animal Belladonna
alternately, ten
little
while before
one hour.
13. Apoplexy.
Causes.
Sudden
Sudden
and motion.
The attack
symptoms
motion
fulness
;
and indisposition
;
to
slight
and
is
protrusion
of
the
eyeballs.
When
the
animal
slow,
and laboured
issues
the pulse
is
;
full
and slow
frothy
mucus
eyes
time,
glassy, bowels
struggles
and
dies.
linger for
from one
to twenty-four
Treatment.
Pour
and back
If
lx.
for
ness returns
If
and
Nux Vom.
same way
of hot
as the above.
seers
Treatment.
The
; ;
226
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
animal once attacked will always be very suscepsun and heat.
An
tible to the
14.
Causes.
Symptoms.
congested
delirium
;
Dulness
and heaviness
;
hurried
respiration
full
and
slow
pulse
it,
and
tears
last
up
it
its
bellows
at
Treatment.-It
is
But
if
:
the following
lx.
remedies
Aconite
lx. will
Nap.
lx.
and Belladonna
alterlx.
two hours.
Arnica Mon.
and
Gelseminum
also
be helpful.
warm
water.
this disease.
Nothing
symptoms
Cold
chill
rotten food
uncooked grain
fowls'
or
other
birds'
droppings
bad
Symptoms.
easiness
Pain
in
and restlessness
striking
frequent getetc.
up and
lying
down
If it arises
wind
in the stomach, a
the wind will pass from the fundament and the mouth.
Treatment.
fifteen or
Give
and
which give
Belladonna
Nux Vom.
the attack
lx.
two hours.
When
is
brought on by drinking
instead of Belladonna.
lx.
following mixture.
half a ckittack
;
block
;
salt,
chittach
;
Bishop's
Camphor
Mix
From
and sheep.
Ten minutes
it
Cows seldom
Accessory Treatment.
man
228
each
side,
is
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
over the place where the pain
is,
unless the
cow
large
to.
with
calf,
resorted
day or two.
Plenty of salt
the causes.
is
Preventive.
Avoid
16.
Warbles.
This
name
occurs especially in
warm
weather, and
caused by the
for the
eggs.
The
of
when
fly
it
makes
its
its
becomes a
species
on
own
account,
propagating the
itself.
There
may,
of course, be
is
seriously
injure
the
general
and
condition
of
the
it
animal,
and invariably
animal
great irritation.
is
The following
"
The
bot-fly, or warble-fly, is a
and
inflicts
affected
by
The parent-insect
once tunnels
inwards.
it
makes a
chamber, where
it
it
The
result is to set
cell,
of
may even
wrought
when
thehide reveals on
underside hollow
pits,
which open
The
carcase, moreover,
is
of
as
'
licked beef.'
come
to
affected, to the
An
of
instance
is
is
Treatment.
finger inject
Lay
hold
of
the
Camphor
230
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
This will thoroughly
many
17. Hydrophobia.
Causes.
Treatment.
There
is
no treatment
is
Immediately an animal
with
is
the
wound
warm
when
This
poison
of
the
saliva.
18. Hydatids.
Tumours
fluid
in
number
found
of cysts,
floating.
from the
size
of a
pea to an
egg, are
Causes.
In
The
disease
shows
The
ascertained, but
may
suspension of rumination
emaciation
sometimes there
of
flesh
is
no
indication
of
disease except
loss
and general
wasting.
Treatment.
Give
it,
two quarts
warm
sulphur added to
morning
few weeks.
lx.
lx.
or
Phosphorus
Accessory Treatment,
Give
and sweet.
19.
Causes.
Cold,
chills,
bad
food
and
water,
acrid
substances, poisons.
Symptoms.
Shivering,
hot
skin,
thirst,
hard
and
frequent pulse
the
to
side
as
in
great agony
;
the
horns,
become cold
its
breathing
to be
hurried
the
stomach
;
touched.
ensues.
Mortification
the
bowels sets in
death
232
.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Treatment..
At
;
the
lx.
is
indispensable
give
lx.
drops
every
hour
then
give Belladonna
hours.
two
An enema
of
two
seers
of hot
Accessory Treatment.
Keep
of
the
it
only thin
warm
20. Hernia.
large
this disease
you need
21. Jaundice
is
symptom
of
disease
itself.
generally
22. Poisoning.
may
obtain
their
hides.
It
is
the custom
of
generally
throughout India
to
the chamars of
the village.
Chamars
and in many
sell
most
of
the
hides to hide-merchants,
districts
and a hide-merchant
drawn up and
signed,
whereby
for a
much money
number
of hides,
;
and
it is
merchant
to give
some money
in
number
;
of hides
by the time
or
it.
employing
their
wives
and children
to
administer
is
to
it
of
little
in a plantain
and put
feeding, for
him
to eat up.
is
Another plan
bit of pasturage.
is to
fundament
or vagina.
is
234
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Maddr, and
Nux Vomica
are
made use
is
of.
It is believed that
Arsenic
sometimes provided by
Poisoning
is
murrain, that
is,
when
rinderpest
poisoning.
been recorded
of their
in
order that
of obtaining hides.
of
drought,
when
pasturage
scarce,
Symptoms.
When
cow
;
a bullock or
follows
:
symptoms
ill
;
are as
seized with a
;
trembling
striking the
round
to the flanks
hoven
it
more or
blood
is
of poison administered.
is
The
so
But
if
may
oil
Two
quarts (or
seers)
of
sweet
or
down the
animal's
throat.
Accessory
gruel, bran
The
diet
should
be
linseed
kullai;
but no grass or
may
be allowed.
23.
Abscess.
When
face, foot, or
foment
Or
else
the
Belladonna
liniment
should be
part.
applied,
When
let
ready, the
out; after
which
it
CHAPTER
IV.
1.
RlNDEKPEST.
Names.
Boshonto
is
(Bengali), gootee,
matah
(Hindi).
Rinderpest
It
is
the
most
known.
Under
attacked
Causes.
die.
Contagion
;
animal
shows
symptoms
is
the
disease,
after
being
exposed to contagion,
to three days
but sometimes
appears in as short a
day.
Symptoms.
The
;
first
symptom
is,
increased tempera-
thermometer.
The symptoms
to be noticed
by
ordinary observers
First
Stage.
;
may
Dulness
shivering
of
fit;
coat
staring;
mouth hot
mucous
lining
236
the
mouth congested
; ;
237
generally
husky cough
ears
drooping
bowels
;
appetite
spasmodic twitchings
the
back,
the
muscles
the
body, especially of
;
drawn together
teeth
;
rumination
;
grinding of
yawning
tenderness of
the spine
pulse accelerated.
Second
parts of
Stage.
Mouth,
;
ears,
horns,
legs,
and other
at one
;
temperature, being
is
respiration
;
much quickened
rumination ceases
tenderness
of
;
slight discharge
;
from
eyes
increased
spine
lies
;
down, with
thirst great
to the flank
;
fever high
of
swallowing
twitchings
muscles
;
more
in
marked
irregular
difficulty
moving;
very
red
;
gums
and
buccal
;
membrane
bowels
very
and
papillae
tongue
furred
costive,
;
the
pellets of
lining
membrane
tenesmus
vagina.
;
rectum
rectum and
Third
Stage.
from eyes,
nostrils,
and mouth
excoriations, coated
more or
less
gums,
corners of the
mouth, buccal
floor of
238
nostrils
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
and eyelids
;
Purging now
dung
and
most offensive in
under
odour
skin.
occasionally
emphysematous swelling
;
the
Great prostration
continued
thirst,
in swallowing, followed
by coughing, coldness
skin,
and mouth.
lies
Cows
in
calf
generally
to
The animal
moans,
fasces
breathes
are
grunts
the
liquid
is
bloody
involuntarily
passed,
pulse
Sometimes an eruption
but this
eruption
is
and when
attacked
occurs
it
is
in
the
hot
season.
This eruption
as,
is
con-
when
it
is
profuse,
dysenteric
follows
;
symptoms seldom
prevail,
and
violent dysenteric
ensues.
The
disease
is
not
evident,
described
as
239
so
the
stomach
to
and
bowels
is
much
"ected as to lead
ihthffi.
of
rapid
course,
mptoms
cited,
of delirium are
and
come
If a
ill
insensible
and
die.
cow
is
slip
her
Sometimes
re this
Treatment.
id
In
India, treatment
is
often successful,
this
may
Rinderpest
belongs
to
a
is,
the system
must
iin
The grand
m
ie
Ordinary Treatment.
Immediately the
first
symptoms
four chittacks of
Epsom
or half a seer of
common
salt
warm
ie
When
tiue for
240
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
hands
Camphor
Nitre (sora)
f tolah
Dhatura seeds
Ohiretta
.
...
. .
S tolah i kancha
Arrack
...
. .
| tolah
2 chittaoks
may
be added to
This
"
of the
Have
the
Give a
Ten grains
and
the
is
five grains
first
to a
last-
goat or sheep.
All
natives
tree,
know
and
but johha
in
the Santali
district.
name
The
plant
their
Bengali
name
Joyabdlta,
name
is
Julchha.
Homoeopathic Treatment.
are seen, give
As
soon as the
first
symptoms
Ix.
Aconitum Nap.
lx.
241
the
drops
alternately, every
three
hours
when
Antimonium
the eruption
to
If
driven
in,
give
Camphor, ten
warm and
the
the
Sulphur
is
great itching,,
in.
etc.
possible
doctor
should be called
I have
Accessory Measures.
Immediately
remove the
sick
in,
much
cold
it
;
allowed
small quantities.
The
gruel,
diet
must
boiled
consist
of of
rice
and
wheat or barley
sistency.
well
and
seers
good con-
three times a
day.
salt in
Put some
When
give
it
gruel.
may
cause serious
illness.
The mouth
little
of the It
warm
water.
must be kept
plenty of
in a house, or room,
free
fresh
air
must be
242
lated.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Nothing
is
of so
much importance
sponge
as pure air,
quantities.
the skin
seems
very painful
the whole
If the
surface with
is
Carbolic acid.
cow
in milk
and you let the calf drink the milk, the poor
is
little
thing
become very
and she
clean.
The
disease arises
from contagion.
Never
outside cattle.
When
the disease
is
or else a dose
for
three days.
2.
FOOT-AND-MOUTH DISEASE.
is
This disease
parts of India.
khoorpocha.
It
is
known by
different
names
in different
are, khoori
and
mouth and
feet
243
affected, in
even
man
all
parts of
India.
An
from
animal
may
suffer
its
life
this disease.
Causes.
In
is
is
caused
origin,
may
be spontaneous in
its
in a stall or
ground
in a filthy state.
Very often
scarcely
state
it is difficult
kept in a clean
so the cause
would
of
incubation
days,
is
to
three
or
four
but
Symptoms.
ing
fit
The symptoms
by
fever,
first
followed
hot
mouth,
horns,
and
of lips
and
salivation.
Then
feet,
mouth and
244
and
in
COW-KEEPING IN TNUIA.
cows on the udder and
teats.
The eruption
is
like blisters of
blisters
These vesicles or
are sometimes
seen on
the nasal
membrane
The tongue
of the
is
gums and
roof
mouth
The eruption
of the skin
From
on the
the
mouth and
and the
and
is
very lame
If the
symptoms
become more
will
When
If the
the eruption
is
teats, there
will be swelling
and tenderness
calf or
by man they
become
affected.
care
is
not
245
much
out of condition.
is
The
disease
not one of
its
rarely
met
with.
is
an affected animal
properly cared
for, all
symptoms
and the
or four days,
little loss
but
if
care
is if
made
become
the hoofs
may drop
off;
much
swollen, and
twelve days.
When
from
this disease
cattle.
mild, in others, of a
246
In
India,
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
the
percentage
of
deaths
among
those
with
common
care
an
this
disease.
Ordinary Treatment.
three
Wash
.
out the
mouth two
or
times a
with
Alum
. .
Warm
water
......
. .
1 chittack
\ seer
soap
all
from
...
. .
\ seer
Turpentine
Camphor
Phenyle
.2
2 chittacks
chittacks
\ chittack
The udder,
teats,
flies
blow-
oil
mouth twice
When
a day
:
there
much
fever, give
Camphor
Nitrate of Potash
\ tolah
3 tolahs
Arrack
....
\ chittack
4 chittacks
Water
247
As
discovered, give
Arsenicum Alb.
in ten
in,
give Arsenicum
Alb.
and Belladonna
lx.
two hours.
Wash
the mouth
:
first
in clean
warm
water, then in
the following
Alum
1 chittack
Warm
water
^ seer
Wash
warm
Turpentine
.2
J seer
chittaeks
2 chittack
Camphor
Phenyle
4 chittack
Warm
water
i seer
1 chittack
Phenyle
Accessory Measures.
kept housed
and
clean,
and the
of
scrupulously clean,
ventilated.
248
ounce of
salt
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
and three ounces
of treacle,
must be given
The
disease, in
the
majority of cases,
from contagion.
I.
in
Chapter
lx.
ten
drops
every morning
3.
Malignant Sore-throat.
is
This
Calves
; ;
infection
bad feeding
bad housing.
(See Chapter
I.)
Symptoms.
influenza
The
first
of
loss
of appetite
suspension of rumination
cough
fever
;
eyelids ears
difficulty in
swallowing
;
and
rhoea
in
breathing
;
breath
becomes
very offensive
diar-
is
dark
colour, ulcerated,
and has
is
parts.
The head
protruded,
and
there
is
great
weakness*
249
dies
The
best
thing
it
to
do
is
to
at
once
the animal be a
it
may
at once separate
from the
is
(j>,
This disease
Give Belladonna
to
lx.,
five
Wash
the
or a lotion of Carbolic
Baptisia
<,
lx.,
alternately, ten
if
given
the above
remedies do not
Accessory
effect
any improvement.
Treatment.
The
gruel
house
and everything
corn
must be given
;
to
the
a tablespoonful,
the gruel,
if
hot bath
may do
the animal
it
much
the
must be
kept over
after
bath.
The meat,
skin, urine,
; ;
250
and dung
all
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
of the diseased
should be buried.
4.
This
is
a very dangerous
disease,
and
is infectious.
Causes.
Exposure
The
; ;
to
;
wet or
a
cold, or
to
sudden
changes of temperature
contagion.
Symptoms.
symptoms
at
first
are those of a
common
of sore throat
the cough at
there
;
firsb
is
grating sound
is
the the
countenance
breathing
is
appears
anxious
and
dis-
quick
of
and
heaving
and
obstructed, in
consequence
;
accumulation
of tough,
tenacious phlegm
there
is is
unwillingness to
move
the
breath
is
hot
is
the cough
;
no food
eaten
the
animal
the skin
coat
stares
and
death ensues.
It
may end
in inflam-
mation
of the lungs.
Treatment.
be kept in a
Ix.
warm
but
well-ventilated room.
and Bry.
two hours.
When
there
inflammation
eyes
of
and nose
a watery kind,
251
ten
drops
When
is
of a
supply of
milk
lx.
is
scanty,
or Mercurius Iod.
one grain
into the
and
oil
sides
4 chittacks
.
Spirits of Turpentine
4 chittacks
1 chittack
Camphor
chest
Treatment.
Keep
the
it
animal
perfectly
clean and
warm and
quiet.
Give
wheat, barley, or
No
days.
grass,
straw, or leaves
must be given
for
some
5.
This
also
is
a very
specially subject to
Small worms
252
OOW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
its
and
pure water
air.;
worms
in
impure
over-crowding.
of
one animal
is
affected,
if
then
many more
the same
Symptoms.
nostrils,
There
is
slight
discharge
from
the
violent
and comes on in
fits
the animal
;
is
dull and
distress
there
is
much
;
goats and
in great pain
;
loss of appetite
great weakness
as the
severe,
and
Loss
is
of
the pre-
be done
to detach and
may
(1)
of
nostril of the
smaller animals.
many
cases.
half
to
two drams
of
Do
this twice a
week
253
Mix
Half
quantity
for
sheep.
Turpentine
Spirits of
1
. .
chittack
Camphor
Castor
oil
.4
80 drops
chittaeks
Phenyle
\ dram
Accessory Treatment.
The
affected animal
must have
salt
every
It
day
should have lots of gruel and bran mash, but dry, hard
food should not be allowed.
The
affected animal
rest,
it
can
regular
sufficient food
and water
6.
Scars.
These
scars
like
are
throat
or neck.
kill.
They look
cancers,
but
they
do
not
As long
from the
sore,
checked, she goes off her food and gets out of sorts
is
swells,
mouth, nose,
bowels set
in.
and
eyes,
254
This disease
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
is
not
and men
drinking the milk of cows thus affected will also get the
disease.
Treatment.
Give
Arsenicum Alb.
lx.,
or
Fowler's
month.
Wash
Sufficient salt
food.
7.
Anthrax.
This
is
is
contagious,
;
believed not to be so
it is
on
the
loins,
or hind
or fore
quarters, or throat
is
The swelling
The
man
When
cattle,
which have
been
for
some
them blood
is
in older
animals.
suddenly
its
en-
vessels in
2oo
The
parts of the
susceptible, especially
rapidly
somewhat low
condition.
when
hot,
cold,
affected.
was wont
to
occur frequently
seldom
met
with.
the disease
always more
seasons, on lands
defective.
When
is
attacked,
it
is
almost
also
on
account of
having been
one
ill.
Symptoms.
The
have a
attack
is
generally
very
sudden.
An
may
few
and
to
difficulty
in moving,
and
in a
some part
of
loins,
hind
and tongue.
Sometimes
256
the disease
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
may
be located in the chest or abdomen, or
even brain.
When
feel as if
is
examined,
fingers,
it is
and
to
air
but this
is
owing
to gas
If
breathing will be
there will be
distressed;
if
the brain
is
affected,
symptoms
of the
of stupor,
The
may
be preceded by dulloathes
food,
The patient
but
may be
ceases
;
thirsty at first
breathing
hurried, with
;
expanded
;
nostrils
and open
mouth
ing
is
breath hot
observed.
flanks heaving
pulse, full
;
The
and excited at
disinclined to
move
and
eyes
protrude
are
or
is
congested;
insensible;
the
animal
may
to
become
move,
it
unconscious
when induced
staggers and
lame
in
it
tumbles
vain efforts to
rise.
These symptoms
257
In
the
first
lx.
stage of
Ammonium
If
Gausticum
ment
an hour and a
half, or
(f>
and Aconite
alternately, ten
When
is
much
lx.
;
affected
and there
much
when
there
is
much
lx.
Foment the
and
if
water.
Wash
and give
Accessory Treatment.
it lots
Keep
salt,
of
mix a quarter
of a seer of
common
Fruit
Salt,
and one
chittack of
Flower
it
of
Sulphur in a
quart of
a day.
warm
Give
it
to
on the second
Rice or barley
the best.
Preventive.
will
When
adopt
one
to
of
a herd
is
attacked, others
;
have a tendency
to
become
affected
it is
therefore
advisable
preventive
seer of
measures.
Give
the
animals a quarter of a
i7
salt
258
of
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Protect them from sudden
bare grass, green,
changes
soft,
weather.
Keep them on
and
fresh.
dirt
and
Also give
every
animal
Arsenicum
Alb.
lx.
ten
drops
morning.
and sheep.
8.
Dysenteky.
Inflammation
diarrhcea
;
of the lining
membrane
of
sometimes
accompanied with
ulceration.
Causes.
It is contagious.
Neglected
;
eating
;
unwholesome
grass or plants
exposure to severe
cold
or
damp
day
overwork
sudden disappear;
want
of
Symptoms.
Shivering
;
fit
skin hot
;
dulness
anxiety
uneasiness
the
sometimes
the
259
may become
Give Mercurius
Keep
If the
drops
and abdomen.
cum
Alb.
lx.
Mercurius.
Accessory Treatment.
Give
to
rice
gruel.
It
must be
all
spoon.
seers of
water
put the
bail in the
Eeinove the
of this
twice a day.
When
in
the
fire
for a
few minutes.
When
No
grass or leaves
must be given
for
some
time.
Keep the
animal clean and dry and in a clean, dry, and wellventilated house
;
if
9.
Blaim.
Causes.
-Impurity
some
fatal
and contagious
;
disease.
;
of the air
poisonous herbs
taking
of the discharge
animal's mouth.
Symptoms.
not
eat,
The
cow
is
;
low-spirited, dull,
and does
260
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
the
mouth
much
increased in size
breathing
mouth becomes
its
blisters,
which at
;
last burst
and become
Fever
sets in
death ensues.
in a
its
course sometimes
few hours.
Treatment-
-Open the
and
lx. five
grains,
and Belladonna
<j>
Keep
others in a clean
creature's
keep the
Give
it
linseed, barley, or
If
gram gruel
in small
quantities frequently.
the
gruel
down
its
throat through
a drench-horn or
bottle.
No
Preventives.
sick.
Keep
:
with
with sulphur
also sprinkle
must be taken
261
10. Slinking or
Abortion
between
month
after conceiving.
Abortion
contagious.
Causes.-
Blows,
falls,
strains,
forcible
injuries
rinderpest, hoven,
internal inflammation
in
;
cow
is
said to
abort from
"
sympathy
"
fright.
Symptoms.
One
there
symptoms
that
warn
the approach of
the mishap.
first
appearance
it.
danger,
is
no
;
chance
of
;
averting
The
;
loss of spirits
;
want
of appetite
cud
hollow flanks
;
of the belly
calf does
disinclination to
move
;
unsteady walk
the
;
not
move
at the flanks
breathing laboured
;
262
expelled at
a short time.
Treatment.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
last.
It is either already
dead or
lives only
If the
is fetid,
it is
then
it is
ex-
Give Pulsatilla
expelled.
hour until
it
is
do
all
you can
lx.
to
carriage.
every six hours. Pour cold water over the loins and haunch.
If the
abortion
lx.
is
Secale Cor.
When
the abortion
is
caused by
ten drops,
and
injuries, give
Arnica Mon.
lx.
as Secale.
Accessory Treatment.
others,
The dead
calf
of the
11. Gonokuhoea.
Causes.
contagious disease.
;
Want
of cleanliness
the discharge,
washed
in,
263
from
first
disease
shows
itself in
two
to
five
intercourse.
The
symptoms
the
tail,
are,
movement
of
which sometimes
ment
much
;
swollen,
the
urine
is
made
in small quantities
pain.
is
;
panied with
much
In the
of
bull,
the sheath
matter issues
from
it
made
in small
is
attended with
much
pain.
Treatment.
Keep
of
Wash
with soap and water and inject the following into the
part.
Five grains
Argentum Nitricum
to a pint of distilled
Sol.
Ix.
and Cantharis
lx.
Eemove
among
and
straw, earth,
etc.,
wash the place thoroughly with Phenyle or Carbolic acid and water.
12.
Cow-Pox.
This
is
is
not
264
fatal,
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
except
in
cases
of
gross
neglect.
It
is
an
eruptive
lifetime.
fever,
Cause.
Generally, infection.
Symptoms.
when
The
bit.
disease
may show
itself
and run
its
and
irritate
The pustules
with
with a clear
which gradually
surrounded by a
Sometimes the
;
much and
is
painful
not allow the calf to suck, nor will she allow herself to be milked.
is
Sometimes the
lumpy
look.
265
the
Wash
fresh
butter or ghee.
If
Every drop
it,
or, better
;
still,
wash the
a sponge
injure
it
the udder.
When
Then
wipe
with
and
rub
to
it
over
commence
fingers
on the pustules.
all
the
milk.
and
care.
Give
the
animal
ten drops
Aconite
every
lx.
and
Arsenicum
lx.
alternately,
four
hours.
When
lx.
the
udder swells
of
and
is
instead
Arsenicum.
Accessory
Treatment.
Keep
the animal in a
clean,
it
dry,
on
Withhold everything
indigestible.
13.
Milk Fever.
Fever
is
Milk or Puerperal
infectious
disease.
It
very
dangerous and
fattest cows.
Some say
die.
per cent,
of the
cows attacked
This
may
;; ;
266
methods
to
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
of treatment,
but I
not at
all
great.
immediately after
large
calving,
in
that
the
quantity of milk
to
sudden change
driving the
weather
exposure
;
cold or wet
con-
tagion.
Some
Symptoms.
The
Sometimes the
depressed, hangs
;
the nose
the urine
scanty
;
or the
full
;
dung
is
the pulse
quick and
the breathing
In
milk
is
the white
it
the eye
is
;
is
;
of
leaden colour
the
hind-legs seem
weak and
and uneasy
she
all
is restless
stopped
the calf
is
neglected
more
there
the
difficult
is
In
third stage
the
cow gets
startled
the
breathing
267
the
saliva
flows
from
it
the
animal
grow cold
there
if
she struggles, as
Treatment.
in great pain
death ensues.
At
the
first
lx.
and Belladonna
lx.
alter-
Continue the
and
Ammonium
Causticum
lx.
twenty minutes.
When
improvement
sets in
Nux Vom.
lx.
first
stage
of
common
salt, in
one
seer
of
warm
water.
If
this does
first.
Every drop
times a day.
the milk.
Accessory
of
The
Rub
Treatment.
Keep
If
is
prefer-
the body
wheat, or
268
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
warm
water
No
symptoms
Keep
the
perfectly clean.
Wash
day
with
warm
water.
the
discharge
from the
warm
water into
it.
Preventive.
The
disease
is
contagious.
When
newly
Keep
animal.
cows away
from
the
affected
Wash
it,
the vagina
give her a
warm
water.
If a
cow
is
subject to
warm water
lx.
twenty-four
lx.
and Belladonna
for three
days.
14.
Worms
are
There
kinds
of
parasites
that
There
may
They
are (1)
The thread-worm
of
is
from a quarter
to
one inch
long,
silvery
white
269
and often
is
very
much
like the
common
They never
exists alone,
exist alone.
many
yards in length.
worm
in the
same stomach.
Causes.
Impure
it
flies
water
and
food.
Worms
in
the
Young
when they
it.
swallowing
will cause
Infection.
one animal
The worms
The
worms
is
what
is
symptoms noticed
cough
;
A
of
;
short,
;
dry
of
eating
;
or
licking of
;
mud
the
diarrhoea
loss
appetite
dropping
the
ears
grinding
the
teeth
pain
in
stomach
wasting
270
Treatment.
is
COW-KEEPTNG IN INDIA.
The treatment
:
effective
the following
of
:
worms
2 drains
Spirits of
Camphor
40 drops
3 ounces
Castor
oil
Phenyle
Sulphur
...
. .
i dram
.
5 ounce
Mix
the
it
down
the
throat gently.
is
goat or sheep
for a larger
worms
worms
die,
When
the
warm
fifteen
tied
it is
up
for half
an hour or
an hour
it
if
Eepeat
Unless
animal will
When
you
find the
eat,
it
must be
down
its throat.
271
morning
and feed
it
on
Accessory Treatment.
Keep
Keep
the
the
Eemove
dung
morning
Give the
soft
green
Keep
Preventive.
Absolute
cleanliness,
and
sufficient
salt
15.
Pleuropneumonia.
This
peculiar
is
disease
of
the
It
is
membrane
is
of to
the chest.
cattle, goats,
all
and
and
times,
most insidious
times rapid
and sometimes
protracted
in
its
course,
head in a
herd
indeed,
it is
capricious in the
way
it
spreads.
272
Causes.
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
It is
in
most frequently
is
is
damp and
chilly
or
when
occurs.
Some cows
;
are
more
liable to be attacked
than
others
thus
it
is
fed,
This unnatural
to
mode
peculiarly
fits
the
cow
Many
human
beings.
is
It
is,
that
is,
the disease
propagated
The
best proof of
it
being caused, as
is,
it is
now
generally
from other
cattle
all
that
is
to say,
-
no stock
is
ever
introduced,
but
is
home
bred.
Wherever
273
met
The period
is
of incubation of this
The
are,
first
symptoms
noticeable by a pro-
fessional
man
symptoms
detailed.
to be recognised
by
cattle
The
perhaps
first
symptom
than
is
that of
;
better
usual
indeed,
;
having
this
perhaps
will
and
state
and the
hot,
the
mouth
muzzle dry
kind
;
loss of appetite
and,
if
of milk.
in,
the coat
the mucous
is
injected, the
mouth
no longer sweet
the cough
is
painful,
and there
is
breathing; the
to
full,
numbering from 80
100;
The nose
poked
out, in
"
274
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
with a grunt
is
much
dilated,
rapid
elbows,
or
if
only
is affected,
breathing
with
the
sound
of
lung
on
are
the
other
;
side.
Occasionally,
symptoms
hoven
seen
slight
;
the
cold,
very offensive.
is
not
it
masked cough
The
in
other
cough
that
it
the
force,
and therefore
the view
of
sounds
preventing
much
bound
skin
now becoming
purging
sets
less
in.
(which
is
invariably
more or
present in
the
is
or
even well
275
is
difficult,
from suffocation.
affects only a portion
In
many
so runs its
course as to
and death.
Duration.
The
of the attack
if
week
if
of a
mild and protracted type, death may not occur for two,
three, or
In India, though
is
it
it
We
cannot too
strongly
impress
upon
own sake
of noticing particularly
of this disease
show themselves,
;
time
it
is
quite manageable
and
if
any,
would
of
die.
of
the
first
symptoms
of the appropriate
remedies, would very considerably lessen the fatality of the disease, and be an
immense saving
to
every. owner.
i
1
<J
UUW-Ji.JiKJJ lJNLr
J.JN
1JNJJ1A.
In
many
began
it
at once,
and permanently.
Ammonium
these medi-
Now
to the following
cow
ill
of this disease,
its
;
the pulse,
character
whether
;
and
pain
its
frequency
whether
quick, panting,
or
;
difficult
attended with
of the
and
grunting or not
giving of milk
the
as to the
chewing
other
symptoms
indicative
pleuro-pneumonia.
Having done
carefully
1.
:
so,
let
If his
cow
is
way: Pulse
burning dryness
the
Aconitum
Dose.
lx.
Ten
277
symptoms
If the
just mentioned.
is
cow
complaint:
cough,
which
conveys to a looker-on the idea that the action of coughing causes sharp pain in the chest, and the cow tries to
lessen
this
effort of
is
coughing.
short,
;
pain
when the
be
thereby
lx.
increased
then
he must
give
the
cow
Bryonia
Dose.
3.
The same
cow
is
is
If the
way
Quick, difficult
;
the breathing
inwards
cough frequent
pulse
feeble
and quickened
then choose
in
Ammonway
as
ium Causticum
lx.,
and give
it
the same
If
the
symptoms
are these
difficult
and
loss
appetite
cold skin
278
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
;
frequent
:
short
cough
purging,
lx. is
then Arsenicum
the
most
suitable,
and
it
must be given as
directed for
Aconitum.
5.
If the following
symptoms
;
exist
Breathing
difficult,
ribs
frequent short
phlegm, which
is
sometimes mixed
required,
with
blood
then
Phosphorus
for
lx. is
Aconitum.
6.
Sulphur
vi.
plaint,
is
slowly recovering.
seems
Ten
drops in water, or on a
little
bread, three
times a day.
Accessory
affected, it
Treatment.
When
an
animal
becomes
;
must be
carefully housed
and nursed
the
an abundant supply
of
pure
air.
Hot-
warm.
The
diet
must be
of
279
wheat and
rice kanjee,
and pure
water ad libitum.
be given.
It
Bank dry
prove to be incurable
the
constitution
but be
when an animal
often
is
does recover,
will
found
permanently
weakened.
first
is
no chance of recovery.
it
Whenever
should be
at once isolated
all
the persons attending the sick beast should not attend the sound cattle.
If
the disease
is
it
far advanced,
it
is
buried at a distance,
under ground.
Post-mortem Appearances.
are light, and do not weigh
The
lungs of a healthy ox
five or six
more than
pounds.
When
will be
into, liver-like
or
to thirty-seven
pounds
they will
affected.
EEC1PES.
To Destroy Maggots.
1.
Spirits of
Camphor poured
and camphor
Close
up
mouth
of
lint.
Wash
thoroughly
2.
Horn-oil.
;
Mustard
oil,
half seer
bees-wax, half
chittack
camphor, one
chittach.
3.
Hoof-oil.
mustard
oil,
and
4.
Purifying Water.in a
Quarter
of a
teaspoonful of
powdered alum
ghara
of water.
5.
How to
Administer Medicine.
of
Give
the medicine
on a small piece
RECIPES.
the medicine in
it,
281
hold the animal by the
its
make
man
head up
to the
down
thumb
the medicine
as soon as
it
has swallowed
taken.
it,
more
must be
horn
is
is
The drench-
preferable
when
at hand.
in
go
and cough
of
freely,
of If
any
the
is
the
medicine
the windpipe.
any sign
medicine
of
some
of
the
may
6.
Seton.
Make
large needle, through the one cut, along under the skin,
to
then
tie
may
not
282
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
Passing a seton in
the dewlap
is
simply done by
string,
Condition Powder,
or
tonic
for
horses,
cattle,
sheep,
and
goats.
salt
Black Diaun
Sulphur
RECIPES.
all
283
To be applied
to
properly
mixed
together.
the
9.
Gruels. One
seer of
gram, wheat,
rice, barley, or
or five seers of
half, a dessert-
10. Poultices.
into powder,
stir
Linseed
;
poultice
grind
the linseed
fire
mix some
it
in hot water
well until
it
thickens
and put
Bran
paste
;
to
common
oil
over
to
Wash
the
before putting on a
11.
Fumigation.
Shed.
Burn
sulphur
(gondhok)
in
an iron
spoon
doors
over
for
fire
to cough.
Single
Animal.
Burn
sulphur
or
tar
in
an iron
284
COW-KEEPING IN INDIA.
the fumes
may
In fumigating, care
necessary so
tbafc
the animal
may
sulphur or
The inhaling
of the
fumes
of
would
kill
an animal.
12. Fomentation.
Apply
part
for
the
fomented
with
is
not chilled
cloths,
then
thoroughly dry
the
part
dry
and
rub in
Mustard
oil
. . .
4 parts 2 parts
Oil of Turpentine
13. Disinfectants.
Phenyle, one
part
to
ten
of
water.
Pure Carbolic
acid,
14.
Vekmin Destroyek.
is
Besides
the
above,
leaves
walls,
the
following
very effective
in
Dry
and
tobacco
floor,
and
and
catechu
soaked
water,
it.
the
RECIPES.
285
and water,
To apply
HOMCEOPATHIC MEDICINES.
Foe the convenience
of
all
the
remedies
prescribed
in
this
book.
The
medicines
can
be
obtained
cost.
from any
Homoeopathic
to do, is
chemist at a small
to
have
for
all
one
use.
internal
use
and
the
other
for
external
be
always
be
a
at
hand
box
for
immediate
There
should
third
for
ordinary remedies.
MEDICINE CHEST,
No.
1.
INTERNAL REMEDIES.
One-ounce
1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
6.
bottles.
Aconite Napalis
lx.
cf>.
14. 15.
Hepar Sulp.
3x.
lx. lx.
Ammonium
Antimonium
Arnica Mon.
C. lx.
Mercurius Cor.
Tar.
lx.
lx.
16.
17. 18.
Mercurius Ioda.
Mercurius
<f>.
Sol. 3x.
lx.
Arsenicum Alb.
Baptisea
<j>.
lx.
Nux Vomica
Phosphorus
7. 8. 9.
Bryonia Alb.
Belladonna
20. 21.
lx.
lx.
lx.
Rhus Tox.
Sabina
lx.
China
Off. lx.
lx.
22.
10.
Cantharis
Dioscorea
11.
lx. lx.
S. lx.
12. 13.
Euphrasia
Sulphur
lx.
Gelseminum
288
HOMOEOPATHIC MEDICINES.
MEDICINE CHEST,
No.
2.
287
EXTERNAL REMEDIES.
Four -ounce
1. 2. 3.
i.
bottles.
5.
6.
Aconite
</>.
Calendula
Off.
<p
Argentum N.
Arnica M.
<j>.
0.
Hydrastis C.
7.
'
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Glycerine.
0.
Belladonna
0.
8.
MEDICINE CHEST,
One-pound
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3.
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9.
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2. 3.
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6. 7. 8.
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10.
11.
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Castor
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Glycerine.
Phenyls.
Spirits of Turpentine.
oil.
Condition powder.
Flower of Sulphur.
as
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INDEX.
PAGE
Agra,
43 43
15 16
15
Delhi,
Handbook
.
Dewar.
tance
Animals of no Impor.
Tribes on my Frontier Behind the Bungalow Naturalist on the Prowl Ali, Amir. Ethics of Islam Aliph Cheem. Lays of Ind Allahabad, Lucknow, &c, Guide
Aitken.
.43 .17
39
11
.
Dey.
Dogs
29
17
Duke.
Finn.
Banting in India
Kashmir Guide
Birds of Calcutta
.
.
Transport Amateur Gardener in the Hills Arbuthnot. A Trip to Kashmir Bald. Indian Tea Banting Up-to-date in India Beddome. Handbook to Ferns and Suppt. Bhattacharya. Hindu Castes
Allen.
. .
43 22 33 43 36 39 39
39 44 8
8
34 29
37 23 29 26 22
Birch.
Management
.
Indian Waders . . Firminger. Guide to Calcutta Manual of Gardening Gordon-Forbes. Simla to Shipki Gore. Tour to the Pindari Glacier Gour. The Law of Transfer in British India Grierson. Kaithi Character
. . . .
8 8 45 33
44 44
-45
42
Hayes
Heaton.
Hill.
and
Shaw.
.
Dogs
.
.
for
Hot Climates
Life of
.11
. .
38 23
5
40
27
Hyde.
1788
23
31
44
32
.17
. .
Book
44
24 24 10
10
43
1
Busteed.
Echoes
Calcutta
from
Old
.
Tea
Serampore Portrait
.
n
43 43 43
25
Jackson. Jaunt in Japan James. Anopheles Mosquito Cows in India and Poultry . . Blake of the Rattlesnake Jane. Imperial Russian Navy . Imperial Japanese Navy
. . . .
.36
25
40
30 20 20
19
Royal Botanic Gardens Came. Simple Menus and Recipes Clowes' Naval Pocket Book Flora Simlensis Collett. Commercial Hindustani
. .
43 32
18 35
War
.
20
1
Kader. "
Dogs
in India
.
to
44 43
42 45
Keene.
Law Exam.
.
Map
-27
King.
to
Agra
to Delhi . to Allahabad
.
Cookery Cakes
.
D'Cruz.
-32 -32
45
43 43 43
Darje'eling,
De
Bourbel.
Guide Routes
-43
44
in
Kashmir
Guide to Royal Botanic Garden . .43 Large Game Shooting 2 Russian Grammar, 42 Lays of Ind 17 Lee. On Indigo Manufacture 36
Kinloch
. .
.
48
INDEX.
Mesurier.
Le
40
37
Shadwell. Notes on Military Law Shaw and Hayes. Dogs for Hot Climates North-West Frontier Sherston.
Warfare
.16
Hartly
. .
House,
.
....
.
.
44
44 44 44 44 3&
.
-23
35
1
. .
Illustrated
23 22
Simpson.
Small.
Infants
Maunder. Astronomy 14 Masuri, Guide to -44 Memsahib's Book of Cakes 32 Cookery Book 32 Mitchell. Guide to Calcutta 43 Monnier. The Law of Concessions 45 Mookerjee, Onoocool Chunder 17 Guide to Examination Moore. .10 of Horses Hills beyond Murray-Aynsley. Simla .44
.
42
....
.
.
42
5
10
Newman.
Aseptic Surgery
45
Seonee Denizens of the Jungles Stewart. Station Polo Taylor. Guide to Darjeeling Guide to India Temple- Wright. Baker and Cook Flowers and
.
4
3
5
10
43 43
3'
Northam. Guide to Masuri Nunn. Stable Management O'Donoghue. Riding for Ladies Onoocool Chunder Mookerjee Peter. Routes to Cachar and Sylhet
. . .
44
10
9 17
34
44
46
43
Orders in
.
46$
44
4S
6
.22
.
Kashmir
Phil
May
Pillai.
13
The Journal
29
Pindari Glacier, Tour to Polo, Station Ponder. Indian Materia Medica Poynter. " What " and " How" Pandit Commercial Hindustani Ranking. Preservation of Health Glossary . Urdu Prose .
. . .
.
-44 .10
39
31
42 38
41
41
.41
.
of Tropical Veterinary Science Thomas. Rod in India Tweed. Canary-Keeping in India Cow-keeping in India Poultry-keeping in India Ducks, Geese, &c. Tweedie. Hindustani, and Key Tyacke. Sportsman's Manual Useful Hints to Young Shikaries
.
45
3 3 3
41
5 5
Guide to Hindustani Specimen Papers Pocket Book of Colloquial Hindustani Concise English Hindustani Dictionaiy
. .
41
41 41
Vaughan. Pushto Grammar Walker. Angling Ward. Sportsman's Guide to Kashmir Wheeler. Tales from indian
History Whyte-Melville. Works of Wilkins. Hindu Mythology
Risley.
Ethnology
.26
.
.... ....
.
42 6
27
12
The People
Roberts.
of India
. .
Roxburgh.
Enteric Fever Flora Indica Bullet and Shot Russell. Sandberg. Exploration of Tibet
. . .
45 45
35 3 26
Woodroffe.
tions
28 28
and Receivers in
India
Shadwell.
Fortification
.21
Young.
Carlsbad Treatment
.....
British
45 38