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EH/APR 2011/CBE551

UNIVERSITI TEKNOLOGI MARA FINAL EXAMINATION

COURSE COURSE CODE EXAMINATION TIME

GENETICS AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY CBE551 APRIL 2011 3 HOURS

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES 1. 2. 3. This question paper consists of five (5) questions. Answer ALL questions in the Answer Booklet. Start each answer on a new page. Do not bring any material into the examination room unless permission is given by the invigilator. Please check to make sure that this examination pack consists of: i) ii) the Question Paper an Answer Booklet - provided by the Faculty

4.

DO NOT TURN THIS PAGE UNTIL YOU ARE TOLD TO DO SO


This examination paper consists of 4 printed pages
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EH/APR 2011/CBE551

QUESTION 1 (P01,C01,C03, C4.C2) a) As Mendel discovered, green flower is dominant to white in pea plants. In the following experiments, parents with known phenotypes but unknown genotypes produced the listed progeny: Table 1: Number of progeny for green and white flowers. Parents Progeny Green White Green x white 123 119 Green x while 111 0 Green x green 177 59 Using the letter G for the green gene and g for white, give the most probable genotype of each parent. (9 marks) b) Explain how each of the following deviates from the conclusions reached by Mendel in his work on the inheritance of characteristics. i) Autosomal linkage ii) Sex-linked (X-linked) inheritance iii) Polygenic (multiple-gene) inheritance (12 marks)

QUESTION 2 (P01,C01,C03, C2, C4) a) State the advantages and disadvantages of viruses in the context of economy impact. (8 marks) b) One of the aims of genetic engineering is to produce a protein as cheaply and easily as possible. In order to do this, the gene that triggers production of the desired protein is inserted into a host organism. i) State three reasons why bacteria make good host organisms, ii) Define episome and plasmid in relation to genetic engineering. (10 marks)

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EH/APR 2011/CBE551

QUESTION 3 (P01.C03, C4, C6) a) State the effects of polyploidy on animals. Identify the link between geographical barriers, (that is two populations of the same species can't reach each other to have reproduce) and polyploidy. Justify your answer. (11 marks) b) A man with X-linked baldness marries a woman with no history of baldness in her family. The daughter of this couple marries a normal man, and their daughter also marries a normal man. i) Give the genotypes of the parental. ii) Determine the chance of this last couple to have a child with baldness, iii) If this couple has already had a child with baldness, determine the chance that their next child to have baldness. (6 marks)

QUESTION 4 (P01, C 0 1 , C02, C03, C2, C4, C5) a) Suggest a method for a researcher to determine the location of a specific DNA sequence in a chromosome. (8 marks) b) A virus stores its genetic information in a single-stranded DNA. 34% of the bases were found to be cytosine residues. From this information, determine the percentage of the thymine residues in this DNA. Provide an explanation if the percentage of the thymine residues cannot be determined. (6 marks) c) Consider a short segment of a wild-type gene as below: 5' -ATG TCC GCA TGG GGA- 3' i) Pair the above nucleotide sequence. ii) Transcript the gene segment in (i). iii) Translation of this mRNA produces the amino acid sequence: methionine-serine-alanine-tryptophan-glycine if single nucleotide-pair substitution occurs in this gene, changing the G:C at position 7 to A T , give the nucleotide sequence of the mRNA specify by the mutant gene segment. (6 marks)

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EH/APR 2011/CBE551

QUESTION 5 (P01.C02, C03, C4.C6) a) "deCODE Genetics plans to computerize the patient records of the national health service of Iceland, and collect DNA samples from members of the population for genetic linkage analysis and association on studies on common diseases. Results will be crossreferenced with information from publicly available genealogical information. Subscriptions to these databases are sold to researchers and information is entered into them on the basis of presumed consent." (Roche and Annas, 2001) The statements above are cited from Nature magazine, raising the ethical issues challenged by enterprise in genome privacy. Analyse the ethical issues raised, and the risks behind it if this policy is implemented. (10 marks) b) Machado-Joseph Disease (MJD) is an autosomal dominant neurodegenerative diseases caused by expansions of a CAG trinucleotide repeat in the MJD genes. These expanded sequences are unstable upon transmission, leading to an intergeneration increase in the number of CAG trinucleotide repeat, from about 30 copies in normal alleles to 80 copies in mutant alleles. i) Given the nucleotide sequences on either side of the repeat region, describe a procedure to test for the presence of the expanded trinucleotide repeat region responsible for MJD. (7 marks)

ii) Assume that you have just performed the DNA test for MJD on a 25-year-old woman whose mother died from trie disease. The results came back positive for the MJD disease. The woman and her husband long for their own biological children, but do not want to risk transmitting the defective gene to any of these children. State the options of this couple has based on the current available technology. (7 marks)

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