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wednesday 22.09.2010 - Anharmonic effects, Phonon transport, matlab One of the usual arguments for existence of anharmonicity - THERMAL EXPANSION. When the oscillators are in higher energetic states, due to the real shape of the potential 2 (departures from the 'harmonic' x , the parabolic shape) the average position moves outward.
1-anharmonic.png Anharmonicity is also important in understanding HEAT CONDUCTIVITY. Harmonic weves - independent - do not interact
2-interference-not-interaction.png Anharmonicities are known from non-linear crystals Frequency doubling - Frequency changing optical elements The understanding of anharmonic effects on the transport: phonons - quanta - change their number (3. order terms x3terms , added to the harmonic x2, the parabolic shape .....
3-anharmonic-a+a.png
4-umklapp.png
Neutron scattering; Eigenmodes A problem - homework - think about: How to the the diagonalization for a 2-dimensional structure
5-neutron+2-dim-matrix.png Matlab programs - inspection of eigenmodes What are the programs doing: They perform a simple diagonalization of a matrix. 2 The eigenvalues provide the allowed value of Omega , to get the shape resembling the dispersion relation, we must take a square root. The values of Omega are plotted by number, there is no value of wavenumber in the model. But plotting the EIGENVECTORS, i.e. the modes - in the following way: ... plots display the value of (maximum, amplitude) of the displacement at position of each 'ball' - and they appear as transversal standing waves - though in the model they are (1 dimension) longitudinal waves. all the matlab codes are found in chains-2003/
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57-matri-
58-M-two-mass.png all the matlab codes are found in chains-2003/ A version with different masses - or with different spring constants - a modified matlab code matri2m.m
59-1two-mass-matlab.png ouput from the matlab code matri2m.m above all the matlab codes are found in chains-2003/
59-2two-mass-matlab.png
59-3two-mass-matlab.png Different spring constants case is mathematically equivalent with different masses case
EQUAL MASSES / SPRINGS N=8 H1 = 4 -2 0 0 0 -2 4 -2 0 0 0 -2 4 -2 0 0 0 -2 4 -2 0 0 0 -2 4 0 0 0 0 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 2 different MASSES / SPRINGS N=8 0 0 0 0 -2 4 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 4 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 4
H1 = 2.8 -2 0 0 0 0 0 0
-2 2.8 -0.8 0 0 0 0 0
0 0 0 0 0 0 -2 2.8
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ashcroft.png TRANSPORT OF HEAT - phonons assumed to be the carriers The concept of MEAN FREE PATH croos section sigma, density of obstacles rho and the mean free path L (greek and script letters are usually used)
60-mean-free-path.png ( The mean free path used in the following derivation; the derived relation is used below - the density of scatterers-obstacles)
When the phonons are scattering from phonons and also from imperfections The picture is plotted in any textbook (here - our online textbook)
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time.png