vii

CONTENTS

CHAPTER

TITLE

PAGE

DECLARATION DEDICATION ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ABSTRACT CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES LIST OF FIGURES LIST OF APPENDICES

ii iii iv v - vi vii xii xiv xiii

CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

Background Problem Statement Objectives Scope and Limitation of the Study Brief and Methodology

1 2 4 4 5

viii

CHAPTER 2

LITERATURE REVIEW

2.1 2.2 2.3

Introduction Malaysian School Projects Method of Awarding Contract 2.3.1 Traditional Design, Tender and Construct Contract 2.3.2 2.3.3 Design and Build Contract Construction Management Contract

7 8 9

9 10 11 12

2.4 2.5

Main Contract Document Project Planning and Scheduling for School Construction 2.5.1 Project Scheduling

13 14 15

2.6

Types and choice of Scheduling Method 2.6.1 Computer Application on Project Scheduling 2.6.2 2.6.3 Microsoft Project (MSP) Software Primavera Project Planner (P3) Software

15 16 17 17 18 21 22

2.7

Basic Scheduling Technique 2.7.1 2.7.2 2.7.3 2.7.4 Gantt Chart Arrow Diagram Method Precedence Diagramming Method Project Evaluation Review Technique (PERT) 2.7.5 Line of Balance

23 24 25

2.8

Summary

ix

CHAPTER 3

ROLE OF WORK BREAKDOWN STRUCTURE IN PROJECT MANAGEMENT

26

3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5

Introduction Work Breakdown Structure Level of Works Breakdown Structure Application of Work Breakdown Structure Purposes and Benefits of WBS 3.5.1 WBS in Work Identification and Assignment 3.5.2 3.5.3 3.5.4 3.5.5 3.5.6 3.5.7 WBS in Schedule Management WBS in Plans Status Reporting Cost Management Cost Estimating Budgeting and Cost Control

26 27 28 30 32

36 36 37 37 38 38 39 41 41 43

3.6 3.7 3.8

WBS as a Performance Management Failure of Works Breakdown Structure Summary

CHAPTER 4

METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY

45

4.1 4.2 4.3

Introduction Determination of the Research Objective Case Study on School Projects 4.3.1 4.3.2 Research Materials Development of Questionnaire for the

45 46 47 47

x Survey 4.4 Interview with Panel of Experts (Client) 4.4.1 Methodology of the Panel of Expert Interview 4.4.2 4.5 4.6 Structured Questionnaire Discussion 50 50 51 48 49

Analyzing the WBS (Case Study) Preliminary Guidelines for Preparing WBS for Project Scheduling/ Construction Programme

52 54

4.7

Recommendation of a WBS for a Sample Project

CHAPTER 5

DATA ANALYSIS AND DISCUSSION

55

5.1 5.2

Introduction Effect of Registration Grade and Type of Documentation on the Completion of School Projects

55

70

5.3

Lack of Experience Affecting School Projects Delay 70

5.4

Effect of Work Programme on the Completion Of School Project 70

CHAPTER 6

DEVELOPMENT OF WBS FORMAT AND GUIDELINES

72

6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5

Introduction Preparation of WBS Proposed Format of WBS Presentation Guidelines for the Designing of WBS Criteria in Developing the WBS

72 73 74 78 81

xi 6.6 6.7 Checklist for the Preparation of WBS An Example of a WBS for a School Construction Project 6.7.1 6.7.2 Project Brief WBS on Construction of Sample Project (School Building) 85 84 84 82

CHAPTER 7

CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION

95

7.1 7.2 7.3

Introduction Managing School Projects in the Future Concept and Application of WBS in School Project Scheduling

95 96

96

7.4

Application of WBS in Construction Schedules for Selected School Projects 97

7.5

To Initiate/ Propose Format and Guidelines for WBS 98 99 99 101

7.6 7.7 7.8

Example of WBS for a Building School Project Conclusion Recommendation

REFERENCES APPENDIX I APPENDIX II

102 104 105

xii

LIST OF TABLES

TABLE NO.

TITLE

PAGE

3.1 3.2 5.1

A typical of six-level project WBS Work Breakdown Structure Outline The summary of CIDB Registration grade and Type of Contract documentation for delayed and non-delayed school projects.

29 31

56

5.2

Summary of the expert panels and contractors involved in the case study 58

5.3

Content Analysis Summary of views from twenty respondence towards the causes of school project delay 56

5.4

Comparison of construction activities generated from Contract Document and Contract Sum Analysis 63

5.5

Comparison of construction activities based on WBS element in project schedule generated from contract document 66 85

6.1

Example of WBS for a school building project

xiii

LIST OF APPENDICES

APPENDIX

TITLE

PAGE

I II

Detailed background of respondence Questionnaires for the expert panels and contractors

104 105

xiv

LIST OF FIGURES

FIGURE NO.

TITLE

PAGE

1.1 2.1

Brief Methodology Contractual Relationship between every party involve

under the traditional design, tender and construct contract 10 2.2 Contractual Relationship of all party involved under the Design and Build Type of contract 2.3 Contractual Relationship of all party involved under the Construction Management contract 2.4 2.5 2.6 3.1 3.2 Example of Gantt Chart Example of Arrow Diagramming Method Example of Precedence Diagramming Method A typical work breakdown structure An example of WBS 12 20 21 22 30 35 11