INTEGRAL CALCULUS

Integration the process of finding the function whose derivative is given. Indefinite Integrals: These are integrals of the form is the variable of integration. Properties of Indefinite Integrals: 1. 2.

f ( x )dx where f(x) is the integrand and x

du = u + c

( du + dv +.... + dz ) = du + dv +.... + dz
cdu =c du

3. If c is a constant, then

Fundamental Integration Formulas: The Power Formula:

n u du =

u n +1 + c where n 1 n +1

The Trigonometric Function Formulas: 1. 2. 3. 4.

cos u du =sin u +c
sin u du = cos
u +c

5. 6. 7. 8.

sec u tan u du =sec u +c

csc u cot u du = csc u +c

sec
csc

u du = tan u +c
u du = cot u +c

sec u du = ln(sec u + tan u ) +c

csc u du =ln( csc u cot u ) +c

9.

sec

u du =

1 1 sec u tan u + ln(sec u + tan u ) + c 2 2

Exponential Function Formulas: 1.

u u e du = e + c

2.

u a du =

au = C where a > 0, a 1 ln a

Logarithmic Formula:

du

= ln u + c

Inverse Trigonometric Formulas: 1.

du a u
2 2

= Arc sin

u +c a du u a
2 2

2.
=

du 1 u = Arc tan + c 2 a a +u

3. Integration by Parts:

1 u Arc sec + c a a

udv = uv vdu
Hyperbolic Function Formulas: 1.

cosh udu = sinh u + c

2.

sinh udu = cosh u + c

Trigonometric Substitution: When the integrand involves a 2 x 2 , let x = a sin ; when the integrand involves a 2 + x 2 , let x = a tan ; when the integrand involves x 2 a 2 , let x = a sec . Definite Integrals: These are integrals of the form

f ( x ) dx

where a (the lower limit) and b

(the upper limit) are the limits of integration. If

b a

f ( x)dx =

[ F ( x)]

f ( x)dx = F ( x) , then
= F (b) F (a)

b a

Properties of Definite Integrals:` 1. Interchanging the limits of integration changes the sign of the integral, i.e.
b a

f ( x ) dx = f ( x)dx
b

2. The interval of integration may be broken up into any number of subintervals, and the integration performed over each interval separately, i.e.

f ( x ) dx = f ( x ) dx + f ( x ) dx
a c

3. The definite integral of a given integrand is independent of the variable of integration, i.e.

f ( x ) dx = f ( z ) dz
a

Even and Odd Functions: A function that remains unchanged when x is replaced by x, i.e.
f (x) = f ( x )

is called an even function. Examples: 1. f ( x ) = x 2 since f ( x) = ( x ) 2 =x 2 2. f ( x) = cos x since f (x ) = cos(x ) = cos x If f(x) is an even function of x,
a a

f ( x ) dx =2 f ( x ) dx
0

A function such that f ( x) = f ( x) is called an odd function. Examples: 1. f ( x) = x 3 since f ( x) = ( x ) 3 = x 3 2. f ( x) = sin x since f (x) = sin( x) = sin x If f(x) is an odd function of x,
a

f ( x ) dx =0

Wallis Formula:

/2

sin m x cos n xdx =

[( m 1)( m 3) 2 or 1][(n 1)( n 3) 2 or 1] ( m + n)( m + n 2)( m + n 4) 2 or 1

where m & n 0, i.e. positive integers including zero = / 2 if both m & n are even, otherwise = 1 Note: If the first factor in any of the products to be formed using Wallis Formula is less than one, replace that factor by unity. A Theorem of Pappus: If a plane area is revolved about an axis in its plane and not crossing the area, the volume of the solid generated is equal to the product of the generating area and the circumference of the circle described by the centroid of the area, i.e. V = A 2r

Centroids of Common Plane Figures:

Oblique Triangle Right Triangle

Semicircle Quarter Circle

Parabolic Segment

Review Exercises in INTEGRAL CALCULUS 1. Evaluate: a.

e
sin 2 x

e
+c

sin 2 x

cos 2 xdx

b. e sin 2 x + c
e x dx . e x +1

c. e sin 2 x + c

d.

e sin 2 x +c 2

2. Evaluate the integral of a. e x + c

b. ln ( e x + 1) + c

c. e x + 1 + c

d.

ln e x +c e

1 3. x dx = 2 x

x3 1 2x +c 3 4x x3 4 x +c b. 3 x

a.

c. d.

x3 1 x +c 3 4x
1 1 x +c 3 2x
3

4.

x sec
a. b.

xdx =

x tan x ln sin x +c x sec x ln sec x +tan x +c

c. d.

x2 tan x + c 2
x tan x +ln cos x +c

5.

Arc tan ( sin ) + c

a. sec tan + c

1 + sin

cos
2

d =

b. sin csc + c

c. ln (1 + sin 2 ) + c

d.

6.

1 cos x dx =

a. 2 2 cos x + c
2 2 cos x + c

1 2

b. 2 2 cos x + c

c. 2 2 cos x + c

1 2

d.

7. Find the area bounded by the curve 2x2 + 4x + y = 0 and the line x + y = 0. a. 7/4 sq. units b. 8/3 sq. units c. 2/7 sq. units d. 9/8 sq. units 8. Find the area bounded by the curve 5y2 = 16x and the curve y2 = 8x 24. a. 16 sq. units b. 19 sq. units c. 30 sq. units d. 20 sq. units 9. Find the area bounded by the curve y2 3x + 3 = 0 and the line x = 4. a. 15 sq. units b. 12 sq. units c. 10 sq. units d. 11 sq. units 10.Given the area in the first quadrant bounded by x2 = 8y, the line y 2 = 0 and the yaxis. What is the volume generated if this area is revolved about the line y 2 = 0? a. 53.31 cu. units b. 45.87 cu. units c. 26.81 cu. units d. 33.98 cu. Units 2 11. Given the area in the first quadrant bounded by y = x, the line x = 4 and the x-axis. What is the volume generated when this area is revolved about the y-axis? a. 98.44 cu. units b. 74.87 cu. units c. 67.95 cu. units d. 80.42 cu. units 12. What is the integral of x = 3? a. 0.206
1 with respect to x and evaluate the result from x =1 to 3x + 4

b. 0.306

c. 0.406

d. 0.506

13. Find the area bounded by the parabola x 2 = 16( y 1) and its latus rectum. a. 56.27 b. 46.27 c. 42.67 d. 52.67 14. The integral of any quotient whose numerator is the differential of the denominator is the __________ of the denominator.

a. product 15. The integral of a.

ydy

b. derivative
4 y2 =
4 y 2 +c

c. reciprocal

d. logarithm

1 y Arc sin + c 2 2

b.

c. ln 4 y 2 + c d.

1 2

2 4 y 2 +c

16. The area bounded by the curves y = x2 3x and y = 3 x is given by the integral a. c.

( x 2 x 3)dx (3 4 x x )dx
3 2 1 1 2 3

b. d.

(3 + 2 x x )dx (3 + 2 x x )dx
3 2 1 4 2 0

17. What theorem is used to solve for centroids? a. Pappus b. Varignons

c. Castigllianos

d. Pascals

18. If the integral of dt/(9 + t2) from 0 to x is equal to /12, then x is equal to a. 1 b. 2 c. 3 d. 4 19. What is the area bounded by the curve x2 = 9y and the line y + 1 = 0? a. 6 sq. units b. 5 sq. units c. 4 sq. units d. 3 sq. units 20. If the integrand involves x2 a2 where a is a constant, then x may be substituted by a. a cos b. a sin c. a tan d. a sec 21. Find the length of the arc of the parabola x2 = 4y from x = 2 to x =2. a. 4.2 b. 4.6 c. 4.9 d. 5.2 22. Find the volume of the solid generated by revolving the first quadrant region bounded by y = x2, the y-axis and y = 4 about the y-axis. a. 8 b. 4 c. 16/3 d. 32/3

23. The area enclosed by the ellipse the volume generated? a. 355.3 b. 360.1 24.

x2 y2 + = 1 is revolved about the line x = 3. What is 9 4

c. 370.3

d. 365.1

e
a.

2 ln x

dx =

1 x3 e +c 3

b. e x

/3

+c

c.

1 3 x +c 3

d.
2

25. When partial fractions are used, the decomposition of

a. 2, -3

A B + where A and B are equal to ___ and ___ respectively. x +1 x + 2

x 1 is equal to x + 3x + 2

2 2 ln x e +c x

b. -2, 3

c. 3, -2

d. 2, 3

26. The area in the second quadrant of the circle x2 + y2 = 36 is revolved about the line y + 10 = 0. What is the volume generated?

a. 2218.33 27. Evaluate: a. 88/3

b. 2228.83

c. 2233.43

d. 2208.53

(x
4 3 2 1

y ) dydx

b. 89/3

c. 86/3

d. 79/3
4 x2

28. How far from the x-axis is the centroid of the semicircle y = a. 0.849 b. 0.424 c. 0.365

? d. 0.673

29. Locate the centroid of the plane area in the first quadrant bounded by the curve y2 = 4x and the lines x = 1 and the x-axis. a. ,
3 3 4 5

b. ,

3 3 5 4

c. ,

3 3 5 5

d. ,

3 2 4 3

30. Find the moment of inertia with respect to the y-axis of the plane area between the parabola y = 9 x2 and the x-axis. a. 256/3 b. 294/5 c. 324/5 d. 269/4

ANSWER KEY 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. a b c d d a 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. d a b c d 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. a c d b b 17. 18. 19. 20. 21. a c c d b 22. 23. 24. 25. 26. a a c b b 27. 28. 29. 30. a a b c