Yamne-I Hydro Electric Project

Table of Contents
1. 2. 3. 3.1. 4. 4.1. 4.2. 4.3. 4.4. 5. 5.1. 5.2. 5.3. 5.4. 5.5. 6. INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................................................2 NEED FOR THE ALTERNATIVE STUDY....................................................................................................2 HYDROLOGY OF THE PROJECT....................................................................................................................3 Design Flood .....................................................................................................................................................3 ALTERNATIVE STUDIES FOR PROJECT LAYOUT................................................................................3 Project Layout Alternative - I ...................................................................................................................4 Project Layout Alternative - II..................................................................................................................7 Project Layout Alternative - III ................................................................................................................9 Conclusions andRecommendation for Project Layout .............................................................. 11 ALTERNATIVE STUDIES FOR OPTIMIZATION OF FRL ................................................................. 12 De-Silting Arrangement ........................................................................................................................... 13 Concrete Gravity Dam ............................................................................................................................... 12 Power Potential Study .............................................................................................................................. 15 Cost Benefit at each FRL....................................................................................................................... 15 Conclusions and Recommendation .................................................................................................... 16 CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................................................................... 16

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1.

INTRODUCTION
The Yamne - I HEP is being proposed as a Run of the River scheme across the River Yamne, which is a left bank tributary of Siang River in Arunachal Pradesh. The Project site is located in the upper most reaches of Yamne Basin. The Government of Arunachal Pradesh has signed a Memorandum of Agreement (MoA) for development of Yamne stage I project in between El. 800.0 m to El. 600.0 m with M/s Abir Construction Pvt. Ltd. (Presently known as Abir Infrastructure Pvt. Ltd.) As per MoA conditions SPV in name of M/s KU Yamne Energy Ventures Pvt. Ltd. was formed which later changed name to M/s SS Yamne Energy Ventures Pvt. Ltd. for implementation of project. The dam site of Yamne I HEP is located downstream of the confluence of Yamne and Yaming River. The tailrace outfall of Yamne I HEP has been proposed to be located more than 2.0 km upstream of Yamne II submergence to have a2km free flowing stretch of the river. The provided free stretch is such that it meets the MoEF criteria of free flow stretch of river between two hydroelectric projects. In this Report, the details of various alternative studies which are carried out to finalize the project layout, optimization of FRL and selection of Diversion structure are discussed.

2.

NEED FOR THE ALTERNATIVE STUDY

The Yamne I HEP has been envisaged as Run of the River scheme and comprises of a diversion structure, underground water conductor system, Surge Shaft and Powerhouse. The maximum available gross head which can be harnessed in technical and environmental sustainable manner is about 190.0m and the probable installed capacity of the project would be about 120 150 MW. The purpose of alternative studies is to arrive at a most cost effective and technoeconomically optimum layout which is most environment friendly. It is important to note that cost of any hydro project is dependent upon its respective components and to arrive at the most optimum project layout, assessment of respective costs and energy benefits associated with any particular layout is of utmost importance.

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This report also aims at studying various possible options of project layout, their respective costs and energy benefits.

3.

APPROACH OF ALTERNATIVE STUDIES

In order to develop the most optimum layout two stage studies were conducted. Stage I: Alternatives having same FRL but water conductor system on different banks and surface / underground powerhouse options. Stage II: After selecting the most optimum layout of water conductor system and powerhouse, alternative studies for selecting the most optimum FRL for Yamne I HEP.

4.

HYDROLOGY OF THE PROJECT

The Project hydrology is one of the prime parameter for planning of hydro projects. The 10-daily water availability data of 1978 79 to 2008-09 was submitted to CEA / CWC on 22.02.2012 and the same has been approved vide letter no 2/ARP/34/CEA/10-PAC/1399-1401, dated 9th March 2012. The approved 10-daily discharge series for Yamne I HEP has been considered for power potential studies of the alternative studies.

4.1.

Design Flood
In the alternative studies, concrete gravity dam has been considered as a diversion structure for the project. Probable Maximum Flood (PMF) has been considered as design flood for the proposed diversion structures per the recommendations made in IS 11223-1995. The PMF for Yamne I HEP has been estimated as 5783 cumecs and the same flood intensity has been considered in the alternative studies for the design of Spillway.

5.

ALTERNATIVE STUDIES FOR PROJECT LAYOUT (STAGE I)

The alternative study for Project Layout has been carried out to select the most Techno-Economical layout for Yamne I HEP. After the preliminary evaluation of many layouts the following three layouts have been considered for detailed study. The details of these layouts are tabulated in Table 1.

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Table 1 Details of Project Layout Alternative Studies Study No: Project Layout Alternative-I Description The Layout comprises of a Concrete Gravity Dam with the FRL at El.740.0 m, Water Conductor System with surge shaft on the right bank of Yamne River and Surface Powerhouse located about 1.0km downstream of Sipung Nala Confluence. The average River bed level at Powerhouse location is about El.550.0m. (Refer Drawing No. Yamne I / Alt studies / 001). Project The Layout comprises of a Concrete Gravity Dam with the FRL at Layout El.740.0 m, Water Conductor System with surge shaft on the Left Bank Alternative-II of Yamne River and Surface Powerhouse located about 400.0m upstream of Sipung Nala Confluence. The average River bed level at Powerhouse location is about El.565.0m. (Refer Drawing No. Yamne I / Alt studies / 002). Project Layout AlternativeIII The Layout comprises of a Concrete Gravity Dam with the FRL at El.740.0 m, Water Conductor System with surge shaft on the Left Bank of Yamne River and an underground Powerhouse located about 1.30 km downstream of Sipung Nala Confluence. The average River bed level at Powerhouse location is about El.550.0 m. (Refer Drawing No. Yamne I / Alt studies / 003). The ground levels considered in this study are worked out based on the Survey of India Topo sheets. The Power Potential Studies for the above three alternatives have been given in Annexure1

5.1.

Project Layout Alternative - I

The details of the major project components considered in the Project Layout Alternative I are shown below in Table 2, Table 2 Details of Project Layout Alternative - I Project Component Diversion Structure Description The Concrete Gravity Dam with Sluice Spillway and Stilling basin

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arrangement has been considered as diversion structure. The FRL of the Project is considered at El. 740.00 m. The dam axis is located about 800.0m downstream of Yamne and Yaming River confluence. The average River Bed Level at Dam site is about El.690.0m. The height of the dam above average River Bed level is about 53.0m. A Fore bay type Power Intake structure located on right bank of Yamne River which will feed the design discharge to the HRT of 6.50m diameter and 12.60km long. A surge shaft also been provided to take Water Conductor System care of the hydraulic transients expected during plant operations. From the surge shaft the design discharge is conveyed through a pressure shaft of 5.0 m diameter and 956.0 m length to the surface Powerhouse. Four numbers of construction adits have been proposed at suitable intervals along the HRT to facilitate its construction. The surface Powerhouse is located on the right bank of Yamne River at Surface Powerhouse 1.0km downstream of Sipung Nala. The tail water level is considered at El.550.0m. FRL of the Project MDDL of the Project TWL of the Project Head Loss in WCS Heads & Installed Capacity Gross Head Rated Head Design Discharge Installed Capacity Annual Energy Levelised Tariff El. 740.0 m El. 735.0 m El. 550.0 m 14.58 m 190 m 173.75 m 98.84 cumecs 155 MW 682.41 MU 6.95 INR/Unit

The primary project cost has been estimated based on the preliminary drawings and rational assumptions. The completed cost of Project layout Alternative I has been worked out to be INR 2218 Crores and the detailed breakup of the cost

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estimation is placed at Annexure II. The Merits and Demerits with the Project Layout Alternative I has been pointed out below. Merits with Project Layout Alternative I: 1. The main advantage of this alternative is that the highest possible gross head of 190.0m can be harnessed. 2. The Powerhouse site on located on a large natural terrace. 3. No Local disturbance and hindrance. 4. No agricultural land comes into land requirement of the project. Demerits with Project Layout Alternative I: 1. The Complete water conductor system is traversing on the right bank of Yamne River where no access roads are available. Thus field investigation shall require at least one extra year and during the construction stage also one more year for construction would be required in comparison to the left bank water conductor system. Thus the Alternative I layout would require two more years in the total execution period as compared to the other alternatives planned on the left bank of Yamne River. 2. These studies are carried out based on Topo sheet of Survey of India in which the level difference between the powerhouse locations has a level difference of 15.0 m and the same has been considered for this study. However, during the Site Visit on 20thJune 2012, fly leveling was carried out along the river with a total station between the Powerhouse locations of upstream and downstream of Sipung Nala. From the survey it has been observed that the total level difference between these locations is about 8.0m and an additional tunnel length of about 1.0 km is required to harness this head. The additional tunnel length of 1.0 km would result in about a meter of head loss and hence additional net head of 7.0m could be utilized if the powerhouse is located downstream of Sipung Nala. Thus it may not be an economically feasible option to have a Powerhouse location on downstream of Sipung Nala by extending the HRT by about 1.0 km for harnessing 7.0 m of additional net head.

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3. About 25 km of hill roads which includes two permanent bridges have to be constructed at dam site and Powerhouse site for crossing the River during the construction & operation stage. Construction of roads / bridges on steeper right bank will induce slope stability problems. 4. The temporary River diversion tunnel has to be planned on the left bank of Yamne River as the WCS of the projects placed on the right bank. At the dam site, a large slide zone is located about 300.0 m downstream of dam axis and hence the construction of diversion tunnel would be complex and require heavy rock support system. In this alternative, the temporary river diversion arrangement will be costliest.

5.2.

Project Layout Alternative - II

The details of the project components considered in the Project Layout Alternative II is tabulated in Table 3 below, Table 3 Details of Project Layout Alternative - II Project Component Description The Concrete Gravity Dam with Sluice Spillway and Stilling basin arrangement has been considered as diversion structure. The FRL of Diversion Structure the Project is considered at El. 740.0 m. The dam axis is located about 800.0 m downstream of Yamne and Yaming River confluence. The average River Bed Level at Dam site is about El.690.0 m. The height of the dam above average River Bed level is about 53.0 m. A Fore bay type Power Intake structure located on left bank of Yamne River which will feed the design discharge to the HRT of 6.50 m diameter and 11.20 km long. A surge shaft also been provided to take care of the hydraulic transients expected during plant operations. From the surge shaft the design discharge conveyed through a Water Conductor System pressure shaft of 718.0 m long and 5.0 m diameter up to the surface Powerhouse. Four numbers of construction adits have been proposed at suitable intervals along the HRT to facilitate its construction activities.

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The surface Powerhouse is located on the left bank of Yamne River at Surface Powerhouse 400.0 m upstream of Sipung Nala. The tail water level is considered at El.565.0 m. FRL of the Project MDDL of the Project TWL of the Project Head Loss in WCS Heads & Installed Capacity Gross Head Rated Head Design Discharge Installed Capacity Annual Energy Levelised Tariff El. 740.0 m El. 735.0 m El. 565.0 m 14.20 m 175 m 159.13 m 97.48 cumecs 140 MW 622.20 MU 6.00 INR/Unit

The primary project cost has been estimated based on the preliminary drawings and rational assumptions. The completed cost of Project layout Alternative II is worked out to be INR 1747 Crores and the detailed breakup of the cost estimation is placed at Annexure II. The Merits and Demerits with the Project Layout Alternative II has been pointed out in successive paragraphs. Merits with Project Layout Alternative II: i. The entire project layout is well connected with the existing motorable road on the left bank. ii. The Left bank terrain is comparatively flatter than the right bank which will provide adequate space for muck disposal sites and other infrastructure facilities. iii. The temporary diversion arrangement could be planned on the right bank of the River. iv. The length of the HRT is shorter about 500.0m and will save construction period.

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v.

The Powerhouse site is located on a large natural terrace and the geologically better site for back slopes.

Demerits with Project Layout Alternative II: i. ii. The maximum possible head could not be harnessed. Local disturbance and hindrance are expected.

5.3.

Project Layout Alternative - III

The details of the project components considered in the Project Layout Alternative III is tabulated in Table 4 below, Table 4 Details of Project Layout Alternative - III Project Component Description The Concrete Gravity Dam with Sluice Spillway and Stilling basin arrangement has been considered as diversion structure. The FRL of Diversion Structure the project is at El. 740.0 m. The average River Bed Level at Dam site is about El.690.0 m. The height of the dam above average River Bed level is about 53.0 m. A Fore bay type Power Intake structure located on left bank of Yamne River which will feed the design discharge to the HRT of 6.50 m diameter and 13.51 km long. A surge shaft also been provided to take Water Conductor System care of the hydraulic transients expected during plant operations. From the surge shaft the design discharge conveyed through a pressure shaft of 5.0m diameter and 809.0 m to the surface Powerhouse. Four numbers of construction adits have been proposed at suitable intervals along the HRT to facilitate its construction activities. The Underground Powerhouse is located on the left bank of Yamne Underground Powerhouse Heads & Installed Capacity River at 1.30 km downstream of Sipung Nala. The tail water level is considered at El.550.0 m. FRL of the Project MDDL of the Project El. 740.0 m El. 735.0 m
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TWL of the Project Head Loss in WCS Gross Head Rated Head Design Discharge Installed Capacity Annual Energy Levelised Tariff

El. 550.0 m 15.98 m 190 m 172.36 m 99.40 cumecs 155 MW 678.45 MU 6.61 INR/Unit

The project cost has been estimated based on the preliminary drawings and rational assumptions. The completed cost of Project layout Alternative III is worked out to be INR 2100 Crores and the detailed breakup of the cost estimation is placed at Annexure II. The Merits and Demerits with the Project Layout Alternative III has been pointed out in successive paragraphs. Merits with Project Layout Alternative III: i. The entire project layout is well connected with the existing motorable road and the highest possible head of 190.0m can also be harnessed. ii. The Left bank terrain is comparatively flatter than the right bank which will provide adequate space for muck disposal sites and other infrastructure facilities. iii. The temporary diversion arrangement could be planned on the right bank of the River which would be comparatively cheaper than the left bank. Demerits with Project Layout Alternative III: i. The length of the HRT is significantly longer than the other alternatives and it also requires crossing Sipung Nala to harness the maximum head which will require costly precautionary arrangements during construction. ii. The cost of HRT to harness the additional net head of 7.0m could not be justified with the project cost. iii. The proposed underground Powerhouse location needs to be explored with a drift and will required one more year for the investigation works.
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iv.

The tailrace tunnels, construction and access tunnels also make the Underground Powerhouse complex become costlier than the Surface Powerhouse options.

5.4.

Conclusions and Recommendation for Project Layout

From the above detailed alternative studies on Project Layout the following points may be noted, 1. The Layout on right bank (Alternative I) of Yamne River will require two more extra years as compared to other alternative layouts in which the WCS on the left bank and the Cost-Benefit also higher than the other two alternatives. 2. The Alternative II has a significant advantage of being Simple Layout and the Energy benefits are quite better than other two alternatives and it has a main advantage of being well connected to the existing road, so that accessibility would not be a problem during construction phase of the project. 3. The Alternative III has a similar trend of cost to benefits of Alternative I and it well connected with the existing road. The main disadvantage of the Alternative III is that it has to cross the Sipon Nala and which may cause seepage and stability problems during construction and operation stage of the project. The summary of the Cost-Benefit of project layout alternative studies are presented below in Table 5. Table 5 Summary of Cost-Benefit of Project Layout Alternative Study
Study No Alt - I Alt - II Alt - III Installed Annual Capacity, Energy, MW MU 155 140 155 682.41 622.20 678.48 Total Project Cost (Cr.) 2218 1747 2100 Cost per MW 14.31 12.48 13.55 Levelised Tariff (INR/Unit) 6.95 6.00 6.61

From the above table, it can be seen that the Alternative II is the better proposal than other two in the both technical and economical considerations. Thus it is suggested that the Alternative II shall be considered for the Project Layout for Yamne I HEP and the same shall be considered for further optimization studies. The Diversion structure is one of the vital structures in Alternative II and hence it
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is also recommended to carry out comprehensive studies for optimization of FRL of the project.

6.

ALTERNATIVE STUDIES FOR OPTIMIZATION OF FRL (STAGE II)

Based on the above alternative study for Project layout, the layout of Alternative II has been considered suitable for Yamne I HEP and the same considered for optimization of FRL of the project. The optimum FRL of the project is the reservoir level at which the cost of energy generation would be minimum. In this study, Six FRLs have been considered for optimizations which are ranging from El. 715.0m to El. 740.0m. The de-silting arrangements and the concrete gravity dam are the two important structures which influence the cost of the project at different FRLs, so cost of these structures are estimated at different FRL alternative study, while the cost of remainig project components are considered same with different FRL alternative studies.

6.1.

Concrete Gravity Dam

During the site visit on 20th July 2012, various possibilities of Dam site location for Lower FRL have been assessed and a location at 100 m downstream of Yamne confluence is considered for technical assessment and the following points are evaluated, 1. The river section is narrow and hence the cost of diversion structure will be minimum and it has an adequate space for de-silting basin arrangement. 2. The main concern with this location is that the life of the reservoir will be less as the dam site is located just downstream of confluence and the reservoir area is not adequate enough to hold the sediment load on higher reaches. 3. It also been noticed during the visit that the Yamne river carries lots of sediment load during monsoon season which necessitates for de-silting arrangement for the project.

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Hence the earlier proposed location (i.e. 800 m downstream of Confluence) of dam site is considered preferable for locating the diversion structure for Yamne HEP and the same is considered in this study. The Concrete Gravity Dam with Stilling Basin arrangement is considered as diversion structure in all FRL studies. The foundation of the dam has been considered 30.0m below the average River bed level (i.e. El. 660.0 m). In all the study a free board of 2.0 m has been provided above the FRL. The features of Concrete Dam considered with different FRLs are tabulated below in Table 6. Table 6 Details of Concrete Gravity Dam at various FRLs
FRL El. 740.0m El. 735.0m El. 730.0m El. 725.0m El. 720.0m El. 715.0m Crest Level of Spillway El. 705.0 m El. 705.0m El. 705.0m El. 705.0m El. 705.0m El. 700.0 m Number of Gates 4 4 4 4 5 5 Size of Spillway Gates (W X H) m 8.35 X 12.0 9.15 X 12.0 10.3 X 12.0 12.0 X 12.0 12.10 X 15.0 12.20 X 15.0 Length of Dam at Top 238.35 m 220.36 m 197.36 m 171.09 m 152.55 m 127.96 m

The detailed hydraulic calculations for design of spillways and energy dissipation arrangements and corresponding engineering drawings are placed at Annexure III and Annexure IV respectively.

6.2.

De-Silting Arrangement
As different FRLs have been considered in this study, the requirement of De-Silting chamber has been justified for each FRL and the cost of De-Silting arrangement also been included in the project cost. The requirement of De-Silting arrangement has been evaluated based on the level difference between invert of HRT and Spillway crest level and the gross storage capacity of the Reservoir.

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The De-Silting arrangement may not be required, if adequate level difference is provided between spillway crest and intake and the reservoir would act as natural De-Silting basin, if the gross storage capacity is good enough to settle the suspended particles in the River water. Based on the experience and provisions made in similar projects, the following limits have been considered in this study for eliminating the de-silting arrangements in the water conductor system of the project, With the above criteria for De-Silting arrangement, the details of each FRL study has been tabulated below in Table 7, Table 7 Limits to Eliminate De-silting Arrangements Description Level Difference between Spillway Crest and Inver level of HRT Length of the Reservoir Limit to avoid De-Silting Arrangement > 15.0 m > 4000 m

Table 8 Details of Elevations and Reservoir Capacity

FRL (m) MDDL (m) Submergence above Overt (m) Overt Level of HRT (m) Centre Line of Intake (m) Invert level of HRT (m) Spillway Crest (m) River bed Elevation (m) Level Diff between Spillway Crest & Invert of HRT (m) Gross Storage at FRL (MCM) Length of Reservoir (m) De-Silting Requirement Yamne Yaming El. 740.0 El. 735.00 3.25 El. 731.75 El. 728.50 El. 725.25 El. 705.00 El. 690.00 20.25 55.72 4337.12 4166.88 No El. 735.0 El. 730.00 3.25 El. 726.75 El. 723.50 El. 720.25 El. 705.00 El. 690.00 15.25 45.25 4043.02 4037.08 No El. 730.0 El. 725.00 3.25 El.721.75 El. 718.50 El. 715.25 El. 705.00 El. 690.00 10.25 35.57 3750.0 3904.04 Yes El. 725.0 El. 720.00 3.25 El.716.75 El. 713.50 El. 710.25 El. 705.00 El. 690.00 5.25 26.58 3472.44 3775.92 Yes El. 720.0 El. 715.00 3.25 El.711.75 El. 708.50 El. 705.25 El. 705.00 El. 690.00 0.25 18.16 3190.50 3650.39 Yes El. 715.0 El. 713.00 3.25 El.706.75 El. 703.50 El. 700.25 El. 700.00 El. 690.00 0.25 10.54 2847.36 3151.37 Yes 14

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From the above table it can be seen that the length of reservoir is greater than 4.0 km at FRL 740.0m and 735.0m which is substantial and at these FRLs the De-silting arrangement have not been considered.

6.3.

Power Potential Study

The Power Potential Studies have been carried out at each FRL and the summary is shown in Table 9 below and the detailed computations of each study are placed at Annexure V. Table 9 - Summary of Power Potential Study at Different FRL
Head loss, m 14.20 14.08 15.04 14.94 14.82 14.47 Rated Head, m 159.132 154.256 148.289 143.395 138.511 134.859 Installed Capacity, MW 140 135 135 130 125 120 Annual Energy, MU 622.20 602.10 585.73 565.73 545.76 529.28 Annual Load Factor 50.7% 50.9% 49.5% 49.7% 49.8% 50.4% Lean Season Factor 13.9% 14.0% 13.5% 13.5% 13.6% 13.8% Design Discharge, cumecs 90.52 93.38 97.14 92.72 99.99 94.48

FRL 740 735 730 725 720 715

MDDL 735 730 725 720 715 713

6.4.

Cost Benefit at each FRL

The costs of the Project at each FRL have been estimated and it compared with the energy benefits to conclude the most optimum FRL of Yamne I HEP. The summary of the Cost-Benefit at each FRL is shown below in Table 10. Table 10 - The Summary of Cost Benefit at Different FRL
FRL 740 735 730 725 720 715 Installed Annual Capacity, Energy, MW MU 140 135 135 130 125 120 622.20 602.10 585.73 565.73 545.76 529.28 Total Project Cost (Cr.) 1747 1662 1794 1678 1613 1552 Levelised Tariff (INR / Unit) 6.00 5.90 6.54 6.34 6.32 6.27

The details of Project cost at each FRL have been placed at Annexure VI.

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6.5.

Conclusions and Recommendation

From the study of FRL optimization, the following observations could be made, 1. The De-Silting arrangement is required when the FRL kept below El. 735.0m and will significantly increase the project cost. 2. From Table 10, it can be seen that the project cost variation between the FRLs of El. 740.0 m and El. 735.0 m is -4.90%, but the energy loss will be 3.23% and the same way the variation in Project cost and energy loss between the FRLs El. 740.0m and El. 730.0 would be +2.65% (increased due to de-Silting Arrangement) and5.86% respectively. Hence the Project cost to benefit ratio is better at FRL El. 735.0m and it shall be considered as FRL of Yamne I HEP and it can also be seen that the levelised tariff is minimum at FRL 735.0m. Thus the FRl 735.0m shall be considered most economical than other FRLs.

7.

CONCLUSIONS
From this alternative study the following conclusions are derived, The project layout shall be planned on the left bank of Yamne River as the studies showing the Alternative II as the most preferable option from techno-economic angle in both technical and economical directions. The FRL of the project shall be considered at El. 735.0m as it gives the best tariff compared to other options. This alternative study report is submitted to M/s SS Yamne Energy Ventures Pvt. Ltd for their review and approval, so that the preparation of PFR for Yamne I HEP with new parameters evaluated from this study shall be commenced.

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