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Name: Course: PHILO 1 FINAL EXAM (50pts)

I. Multiple Choice (20 pts) Direction: Encircle the letter of the correct answer. 1. It is concerned with the study of what can be known and how we can know about it. a. Metaphysics b. Epistemology c. Ethics d. Aesthetics 2. It is the study of concepts like art, music and beauty. a. Metaphysics b. Epistemology c. Ethics d. Aesthetics 3. This studies reality or what there is; if God or fairies exist. a. Metaphysics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Epistemology 4. It is concerned with reasoning, forms of argument, general principles and particular errors along with methods of arguing. a. Metaphysics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Epistemology 5. It provides a standard of judging a situation, conduct or behavior as good and evil. a. Metaphysics b. Ethics c. Logic d. Epistemology 6. Under this concept, morality is believed to be individual, depending on culture, religion or beliefs. a. Moral dilemma b. Moral deprivation c. Moral relativity d. Moral character 7. A concept of science where in knowledge is not based on personal whims or hunches but follows a universal principle. a. Objectivity b. Generativity c. Universality d. Subjectivity 8. One of the central tasks of Philosophy which concerns the modification, change and deconstruction of beliefs in favor of more reasonable beliefs. a. Critical task b. Objective task

c. Constructive task d. Reasoning task 9. This view believes that human beings are not free. a. Determinism b. Solipsism c. Atheism d. Polytheism 10. This view denies the existence of God. a. Determinism b. Solipsism c. Atheism d. Polytheism 11. It is a fundamental unit of what may be asserted or denied. a. Truth value b. Inference c. Conclusion d. Proposition 12. This assumption states that for every proposition P, either P is true of P is false. a. Law of Contradiction b. Law of Excluded Middle c. Law of Included Middle d. Law of Non-contradiction 13. This assumption states that for every proposition P, it is not the case that P is both true and false. a. Law of Contradiction b. Law of Excluded Middle c. Law of Included Middle d. Law of Non-contradiction 14. As stated by this ethical theory, people should adhere to their obligations and duties when analyzing an ethical dilemma. The consequence of the act is not important rather it is the nature of the act that is to be considered. a. Casuist b. Virtue c. Deontology d. Utilitarian

15. A standard form categorical syllogism cannot be valid if it has two negative premises. Any violation of this rule results in a fallacy called ________________. a. Exclusive premises b. Fallacy of illicit minor c. Fallacy of illicit major d. Existential Fallacy 16. The word that appears twice in the premise set but never in the conclusion is the _____________________.

a. Middle term b. Minor term

17. It reports the way in which a term is already used


within a language community

c. Major term d. Midterm a. b. c. d.

7. The phrase may be deduced from is a premise indicator. T 8. Deductive argument is the transition or 9. Qualifiers (Q) + Subject Term (ST) + Copula (C) + 10. Agnosticism and atheism are the same. F III. Identification (20pts) Direction: Provide the correct answers on the space provided. 1. You commit the fallacy of ________________________________ when you attack the person who composed the argument, rather than the argument. 2. When you are forced to reject your own argument by threat and strong-arm tactics, the fallacy is called ________________________________. 3. When your argument is rejected by an appeal to the emotional and miserable consequences of the conclusion, the fallacy is called ________________________________. 4. You commit the fallacy of ________________________________ when you infer the truth of a conclusion because it cannot be disproved. 5. When you base the soundness of an argument on popularity of the conclusion, you commit the fallacy called ________________________________. 6. When the strength of an argument rests on some authority, be sure that the authority is the relevant one; if not, the fallacy is called ________________________________. 7. When you are asked a question, that smuggles the truth of conclusion, the fallacy is ________________________________. 8. When you composed an argument by citing as evidence the conclusion of the argument or by repeating the conclusion several times , the fallacy is called ________________________________. 9. You commit the fallacy of ________________________________ if you infer the presence of causal connections simply because events appear to occur in correlation. 10. When you made an argument involving an inference from the attribution of some feature to an entire class, you commit the fallacy of ________________________________. 11. It must be true that Elvis is alive because a great majority of the people world-wide believe so. Argumentum ad Populum 12. Since we have not proven false that gas can kill lies, we can therefore presume that gas can kill lies. Argumentum ad Ignorantiam 13. Prof. Cruz is a not a good teacher because I saw him teach once and he didnt do well. Accident
Predicate Term (PT) F movement from premises to conclusion T

18. The telling of a tale that isnt true and the desire to promulgate it is part of what is known as a_____________: a story we know is not true but we repeat anyway because of the values derived from doing so.

Lexical definition Circular definiion Stipulative definition Ostensive definition

a. Urban legend b. Broken myth c. Fairytale d. Anime 19. This is a set of two or more propositions related in such a way to each other and supposed to provide support for the conclusion. a. Premise b. Conclusion c. Argument d. Inference 20. This is the transition or movement from premises to conclusion and provides logical connection. a. Premise b. Conclusion c. Argument d. Inference 21. In this ethical theory, the consequence of the act matters in judging the behavior or action as right or wrong. a. Deontological b. Teleology c. Casuist d. Virtue II. True or False (10pts) Direction: Write hear if the statement is correct and shame if the statement is incorrect. 1. Deductive argument claims that the there is no middle ground in argument. It either meets the standard or not. T 2. Inductive argument claims that the truth of its premises guarantees the truth of its conclusion. F 3. Inductive arguments claims to guarantee the conclusions while deductive arguments merely recommend theirs. F 4. Inductive arguments standard of correctness is more flexible. T 5. In deductive argument, it is possible for the conclusion of a valid argument to be false while its premises are true. F 6. Stipulative definition freely assigns meaning to a
completely new term; definition is always correct. T

14. PSU students are brilliant. Juan is a PSU student. Therefore, Juan is brilliant. Division 15. I believe there is God because the Bible says so. Petitio Principii 16. Sex with a virgin can cure AIDS Julia is a virgin. Therefore sex with Julia can cure AIDS. Contrary to Facts 17. Catholic priests should remain unmarried because Jesus Christ said No one can serve two masters. Strawman 18. The moon is turning dark because the great dragon in the sky swallowing it. False cause: Non Causa Pro Causa 19. I should be accepted in this job because otherwise my family will starve and my sick son will die. Argumentum ad misericordiam 20. We must believe in what Mayor says because if we dont we will lose our job. Argumentum ad baculum 21.
Strawman Non sequitur Red herring False dilemma False conclusion Division False analogy Ad populum slippery slope ad baculum ad vericundiam ad hominem ad misericordiam ad ignorantiam complex question petitio principii

III. (10 pts) A. Direction: Identify the argument forms: 1. M v R R 2. J Jv~E 3. E v J ~E J 4. R v M M ~E 5. M M R B. Direction: Solve for the truth table values and identify if it is valid or invalid. 1. TC CL TL 4. P Q PQ 2. EK ~E ~K 5. DO O G 3. JG J

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