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FIGURE 12.2
A compound system for which the ratio of two flow rates is controlled.
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FIGURE 12.3
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FIGURE 12.4
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FIGURE 12.5
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FIGURE 12.6
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FIGURE 12.7
Loop disturbances can occur from intentional setpoint changes or changes in process load.
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FIGURE 12.8
Instability in a process-control loop refers to the uncontrolled growth of the controlled variable.
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FIGURE 12.9
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FIGURE 12.10
In one type of cyclic response, the system is adjusted to make each peak down to one-quarter of the previous peak.
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FIGURE 12.11
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FIGURE 12.12
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FIGURE 12.13
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FIGURE 12.14
This control loop has been opened so that the effect of a disturbance on the loop can be traced.
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FIGURE 12.15
This figure suggests how an initial transient oscillation can grow under the appropriate feedback conditions.
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FIGURE 12.16
A Bode plot shows the open-loop gain and phase versus frequency of an applied sinusoid.
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FIGURE 12.17
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FIGURE 12.18
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FIGURE 12.19
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FIGURE 12.20
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FIGURE 12.21
Bode plots for Example 12.11. The proportional mode does not affect phase.
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FIGURE 12.22
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FIGURE 12.23
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FIGURE 12.24
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FIGURE 12.25
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FIGURE 12.26
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FIGURE 12.27
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FIGURE 12.28
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FIGURE 12.29
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