Cement

What is Cement? Cement is a material with adhesive and cohesive properties that makes it capable of bonding mineral fra and rigid mass. The word cement seems to have been derived from the middle age Eng Latin caementum. The latter word caementum meant rough quarried stone or chips of marble f mortar was made more than 2000 years ago in Italy. During the Middle Ages term cement or sement for a mortar. Common lime, hydraulic lime, gypsum plaster, pozzolana, natural and Portland cement ar which are used for cementing purposes. These cementing material may be classified into two groups: Non-Hydraulic: Non-hydraulic cement do not have the ability to set and harden under water but requires carbon dio harden e.g. non-hydraulic lime and plaster of Paris. Their cementing prosperity arises from the re ab that were expelled during their processing. Their products of hydration are not resistant to water. Hydraulic: Hydraulic cement is defined as cement having the ability to set and develop strength in air or under insoluble in water after they have set. Such cement harden even in the absence of air and form a so stable in water and can be safely used in all structures in contact with water. Hydraulic cement inclu Portland cement (both basic and blended), oil-well cement, white cement, colored cement, high alum expensive cement regulated and hydrophobic cement etc. Quarrying and crushing The primary raw material for cement manufacture is calcium carbonate or limestone. This is obtained from after the removal of overburden, the rock is blasted, loaded into trucks and transported to the crusher. A m process reduces the rock to stone less than 25 mm in diameter. Most modern cement factories are located limestone as about 1.5 tons needed to produce one ton o

Blending and storage The crushed rock is stored in stockpiles where, by a carefully controlled process of stacking and reclaiming blending takes place and a uniform quality of raw material is achieved. Systematic sampling and laboratory process. The other raw materials, normally shale, iron ore and sand, are also stored in stockpiles.

Raw milling and homogenization

Carefully measured quantities of the various raw materials are fed, via raw mill feed silos, to mills where st material to a fine powder called raw meal. Homogenizing silos are used to store the meal where it is mixed that the kiln feed is uniform, a prerequisite for the efficient functioning of the kiln and for good quality clink Burning The most critical step in the manufacturing process takes place in the huge rotary kilns. Raw meal is fed in kiln, either directly or via a preheater system, and pulverized coal is burnt at the other end. The raw meal the inclined kiln towards the heat and reaches a temperature of about 1 450 C in the burning zone where clinkering occurs. The nodules of clinker drop into coolers and are taken away by conveyors to the clinker s leaving the kiln is cleaned by electrostatic precipitators prior to discharge into the atmosphere.

Cement milling The cement mills use steel balls of various sizes to grind the clinker, along with a small quantity of gypsum which is then called cement. Without gypsum, cement would flash set when water is added and gypsum is control setting times. The finished cement is stored in silos where further blending ensures consistency.

Quality assurance Extensive sampling and testing during the manufacturing process ensures the consistency and quality Testing takes place at the stages of the manufacturing process indicated by the symbol. Cement despatch Cement is despatched either in bulk or packed in 50 kg bags and distributed from the factory in rail trucks 50kg bags are either packed directly onto trucks or can be palletised. The pallets can be covered by a la further protection from the elements.

Types Of Cement: The types of special cement now being produced can be roughly classified in the following six categories ac purpose for which these have been designed. These are: