DEVELOPMENT OF AN A/C SYSTEM USING WASTE HEAT OF AN IC ENGINE PROJECT REPORT Submitted by ALEX ROY JIJIN JOSEPH RAKESH

R SAJI ABRAHAM K S SHAN ABSTRACT The refrigerating units currently used in road transport vehicle are of Vapour C ompression Refrigeration system (VCRS). This system utilizes power from the engi ne shaft as the input power to drive the compressor of the refrigeration system, hence the engine has to produce extra work to run the compressor of the refrige rating unit utilizing extra amount of fuel. This loss of power of the vehicle fo r refrigeration can be neglected by utilizing another refrigeration system i,e. a Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System (VARS). It is well known that an IC engine has an efficiency of about 35-40%, which mean s that only one-third of the energy in the fuel is converted into useful work an d about 60-65% is wasted to environment. In which about 28-30% is lost by coolin g water and lubrication losses, around 30-32% is lost in the form of exhaust gas es and remainder by radiation, etc. In a Vapour Absorption Refrigeration System, a physicochemical process replaces the mechanical process of the Vapour Compres sion Refrigeration System by using energy in the form of heat rather than mechan ical work. The heat required for running the Vapour Absorption Refrigeration Sys tem can be obtained from that which is wasted into the atmosphere from an IC eng ine. LIST OF TABLES

Table

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2.1 Refrigerant - Absorber Pairs 8 7.1 Properties of refrigerant at each point of the system

u LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 1. 1 Conventional refrigeration system used in automobiles 1. 2 Pressure enthalpy diagram 2. 1 Block diagram of a vapour absorption refrigeration system 2. 2 A simple absorber 2. 3 A generator 6. 1 Block diagram of the system 7. 1 Vapour absorption system with a pre-heater 8. 1 Isometric view of pre-heater 8. 2 Isometric view of genera tor 8. 3 Isometric view of absorber NOMENCLATURE

Symbol Definition A Cpe Cpvv Di D0 Df Evol Gr h hfg K L Lc area of flowspecific heat at constant volume of exhaust gas specific heat of water inside diameter of tube outside diameter of tube outer diameter of the fin volumetric efficiency of the engine Grashoff Number thermal heat transfer co-efficient latent heat of refrigerant thermal conductivity length of tube equivalent diameter

LMTD niair ma me mf mg mr mw n N Nu P Pr Q Qe

log mean temperature difference mass flow rate of air in to the cylinder mass flow rate of the solution back to the absorber total mass flow rate of exhaust gas mass flow rate of fuel mass flow rate of the strong solution to the generator mass flow rate of refrigerant mass flow rate of water for a 4 cylinder diesel engine no. of cylinders rated speed Nusselt number power Prandtl Number heat transfer rate heat available at exhaust pipe