EE 2192 Laboratory Practice IV

ASSIGNMENT - 1

MECHANICAL DESIGN OF AN OVERHEAD TRANSMISSION LINE

Instructed by:

Name Index No Group Date of Per Date of Sub Field

: : : : : :

S.P.M Sudasinghe 100523G G - 12 2012/12/20 2013/01/ EE

Problem 1: A transmission line conductor is to be laid between two supports 300m apart. The ground profile between towers is such that it has a uniform slope of 1:15 between the towers. The height of towers is 18m. Working tension is 9000kg. Weight per unit length of the conductor is 8 kg/m. Find the minimum clearance. Solution

H = 9000 kg Tan = 1/15 w = 8 kg/m

As two towers are equal in height, As the span is 300 m, If O is select as the origin then sag at distance x from the origin is, (1)

)(

(2) From 1 & 2 ,

Clearance of point O from the ground is ( Equation of the ground is, ) ( ( ) ) ( )

If C is the clearance at distance x from the origin, ( ) ( )

At minimum clearance

=0

75 m

Minimum clearance is at 75 m from O and the value of the minimum clearance is,
* +

Problem 2: A transmission line conductor is to be laid between two supports 150 apart. The ground profile between the towers is such that it has a uniform slope between the towers. Maximum tension which the conductor can withstand is 30 kN and the safety factor is 1.5. Difference in elevation between tower bases is 20m. If the minimum clearance allowed between the conductor and the ground between the towers is 20m, determine the minimum height of the tower when the tower at the higher elevation is 25m high Solution

w = 2 kg/m Tan = 20/150 = 2/15

w = 2 kg/m = as the safety factor is 1.5, As the span is 150 m,

= 19.6 N/m = 20 kN (1)

If O is select as the origin then sag at distance x from the origin is,

(
(

)
)

)(

(2)

Solving 1 & 2

Clearance at point O , Hence clearance C at any point x distance away from origin is, ( At minimum clearance )

and hence at minimum clearance, x

= 136.05 m

If the clearance at minimum clearance point is Cmin then * +

As minimum clearance allowed is 20 m,

When

then

This answer is not possible because, we want to find the minimum height of the tower and here the tower is higher than the top of the upper tower. Also the minimum clearnce point is beyond the upper tower (because ) and hence minimum clearance of 20m didnt occurs. When then

x1 < 0 means now the tower is at 86.947 m far from the origin on the positive x axis. minimum height of the tower = 21.19 m

3. Sag Template Calculations Problem 1: H = 9000 kg , w = 8 kg/m , x1 = (-) 75 m , x2 = 225m When x= 225m, ( ) *( ) + ( ) [( ) ]

Similarly the sag can be calculated for other x values between -75 and 225

X (m) -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225

Sag (m) 2.501 1.111 0.278 0 0.278 1.111 2.501 4.447 6.952 10.015 13.639 17.825 22.575

Sag Template for Problem 1

24

Sag (m)

22

20

18

16

14

12

10

0 -75 -50 -25 0 25 50 75 100 125 150 175 200 225

X (m)

Sag Template Calculation Problem 2: H = 20 kN , w = 19.6 N/m , h= 21.19 m

When x= 90m, ( ) *( ) + ( ) [( ) ]

Distance to the point from lower tower = 90-86.95 = 3.05 m Sag at that point = 3.97- 3.71 = 0.26 m Similarly the sag can be calculated for other x values between 86.95 and 236.95

X (m) 86.95 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 160 170 180 190 200 210 220 230 236.95

y(m) 3.71 3.97 4.90 5.93 7.06 8.29 9.62 11.04 12.57 14.19 15.92 17.74 19.66 21.69 23.81 26.03 27.63

Distance from lower tower (m) 0 3.05 13.05 23.05 33.05 43.05 53.05 63.05 73.05 83.05 93.05 103.05 113.05 123.05 133.05 143.05 150.00

Sag (m) 0 0.26 1.19 2.22 3.35 4.58 5.91 7.33 8.86 10.48 12.21 14.03 15.95 17.98 20.10 22.32 23.92

Sag Template for Problem 2

25 24 23 22 21 20 19 18 17 16 15 14 Axis Title 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 110 120 130 140 150 Axis Title

DISCUSSION Equations used in the previous cases are true only in still air and at normal temperature when the conductor is acted by its weight only. However in actual practice a conductor may have ice coating and simultaneosly subjected to wind pressure. The weight of ice acts downwards, that is in same direction as the weight of the conductor. The force due to the wind is assumed to act horizontally. Hence the total force on the conductor is the vector sum of horizontal and vertical forces.

Let

w = weight of conductor per unit length = weight of ice per unit length = wind forces per unit length

= total force on conductor per unit length = density of ice = Wind pressure

w = weight of conductor per unit volume = conductor material density volume per unit length = weight of ie per unit length = density of ice volume of ice per unit length =

[(

wi =

ww = winf force per unit length

= wind pressure projected area per unit length [( ] ) = ( )

Also the conductor sets itself in a plane at an angle to the vertical where

The sag in the conductor is given by

S represent the slant sag in a direction making an angle to the vertical. Vertical sag = S cos