Related Learning Experience Acute Biologic Crisis

Name: Limjohn Mak N. Rosillo BSN-4C CI: Maam Gemma L. Mulit, RN,MN

FASTING BLOOD SUGAR and RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR

FASTING BLOOD SUGAR

Description Plasma glucose test to determine the presence of excessive glucose when the client has symptoms of diabetes mellitus. A fasting plasma glucose of 126 mg/dl or higher on two consecutive tests is significant for a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus. A fasting blood test just means that you are not supposed to eat or drink eight to 12 hours before having blood taken. However, you can--and should--drink water. You should consult your doctor about whether your should avoid medications. The reason for fasting prior to a blood test is so that food and beverages do not influence your test ratings. Your doctor is trying to gauge specific information before any external substances create a false outcome.

What You Should Know About Fasting Some of us will have no problem fasting for several hours. Other people are not accustomed to not snacking and eating meals for more than two or three hours. And some need to eat because of medications and the likelihood of feeling dizzy and fatigued without some nourishment. Therefore, the best time to have a fasting-blood test is the first thing in the morning. If this means waking up much earlier than you're accustomed to, even better. If you get a full seven- to eight-hour night's sleep and show up at your doctor's office by 8 o'clock in the morning, it's likely you won't even notice that you haven't eaten. Some tests will allow you to drink coffee while you're fasting. But you'll probably have to leave out the milk and sugar. How to Prepare for the Test Preprocedure

Day before the test No caloric content for at least 8-10 hours prior to the procedure.

During the Test A blood sample is taken with a needle from your arm.

Postprocedure A client may resume food and fluid.

How the Test Will Feel When the needle is inserted to draw blood, some people feel moderate pain, while others feel only a prick or stinging sensation. Afterward, there may be some throbbing. Normal Results If you had a fasting blood glucose test, a level between 70 and100 milligrams per deciliter (mg/dL) is considered normal. If you had a random blood glucose test, normal results depend on when you last ate. Most of the time, blood glucose levels will be below 125 mg/dL. What Abnormal Results Mean If you had a fasting blood glucose test: A level of 100-125mg/dL means you have impaired fasting glucose, a type of prediabetes. This increases your risk for type 2 diabetes. A level of 126 mg/dL and higher most often means you have diabetes. Risks Veins and arteries vary in size from one patient to another and from one side of the body to the other. Obtaining a blood sample from some people may be more difficult than from others. Other risks associated with having blood drawn are slight but may include: Excessive bleeding Fainting or feeling light-headed Hematoma (blood accumulating under the skin) Infection (a slight risk any time the skin is broken)

Considerations

Many forms of severe stress (for example, trauma, stroke, heart attack, and surgery) can temporarily raise blood glucose levels. Drugs that can increase glucose measurements include the following: Certain medicines to treat schizophrenia and psychosis Beta-blockers (such as propranolol) Corticosteroids (such as prednisone) Estrogens Glucagon Isoniazid Lithium Oral contraceptives (birth control pills) Phenothiazines Phenytoin Thiazide diuretics (such as hydrochlorothiazide) Tricyclic antidepressants

Drugs that can decrease glucose measurements include the following: Acetaminophen Alcohol Anabolic steroids Clofibrate Disopyramide Gemfibrozil Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs) Pentamidine

RANDOM BLOOD SUGAR

The blood sugar concentration or blood glucose level is the amount of glucose (sugar) present in the blood of a human or animal. The body naturally tightly regulates blood glucose levels as a part of metabolic homeostasis. The random blood glucose test measures the blood glucose level any time of day without regard to drinking or eating. This test is sometimes referred to as a random plasma glucose test, or a casual plasma glucose test. At-home blood sugar monitoring devices called glucometers provide you with instant feedback and let you know immediately what your blood sugar is. This can give you valuable information about whether your blood sugar is too low, too high or in a good range for you. Keeping a record of your results gives your doctor an accurate

picture of how your treatment is working. It's small and easy to take with you. You can test virtually anywhere, anytime. Here's how to use a glucometer. Normal Value: Adult- 80-120 mg/dl Children - 60-100

What You Need? Alcohol prep pad Lancet Test strip Glucometer A notebood to record results

How to convert mg/dl into mmol or mmol to mg/dl? Formula: Mmol= mg/dl 0.05 mg/dl= mmol x 0.05

Procedure 1. First, set out your glucometer, a test strip, a lancet and an alcohol prep pad. 2. Wash your hands to prevent infection. 3. Decide where you are going to obtain the blood from, usually a finger. Some of the newer monitors let you use your forearm or another less sensitive place. 4. Sometimes it helps to warm your hands first to make the blood flow easier. You can rub your hands together briskly or run them under warm water. 5. Turn on the glucometer and place a test strip in the machine when the machine is ready. Watch the indicator for placing the blood to the strip. 6. Make sure your hand is dry and wipe the area you've selected with an alcohol prep pad and wait until the alcohol evaporates. 7. Pierce your finger tip on the soft, fleshy pad and obtain a drop of blood. The type of drop of blood is determined by the type of strip you are using (some use a "hanging drop" of blood versus a small drop for strips that draw blood in with a capillary action). 8. Place the drop of blood on or at the side of the strip. 9. The glucometer will take a few moments to calculate the blood sugar reading. Follow your doctor's orders for whatever blood sugar reading you get. 10. You may use the alcohol prep pad to blot the site where you drew the blood if it is still bleeding. 11. Write down your results. Keeping a record makes it easier for you and your doctor to establish a good treatment plan. Some glucometers can store your results in a memory, for easier record keeping.