CDMA2000 Forward/Revese Search Window Guide

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Document No. Applicable for Drafted by Huawei engineers CDMA Network Planning Dept.

Product name Product version Document version 2.0

CDMA2000 Forward/Reverse Search Window Guide

Prepared by: Reviewed by: Reviewed by : Approved by: Tang Chunmei and Tao Maodi Wang Chaunqi and Shi Baoya Date: Date: Date: Date: 2003/11/06 2003/11/06

Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd.

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Revision Record
Date 2003/04/29 Revision version V1.0 Description First draft completed z 2003/11/06 V2.0 z Author Tang Chunmei

Add the search process, the relation between search window and PN_INC, and search Tao Maodi window optimization. Optimize the earlier contents.

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Table of Contetns
1 Overview................................................................................................................................. 2 2 Forward Search Window ........................................................................................................ 2
2.1 Center Position ..................................................................................................................... 2 2.2 Search Process..................................................................................................................... 5 2.3 Settings ................................................................................................................................. 6

3 Reverse Search Window ...................................................................................................... 11

3.1 Reverse Search Window Mechanism of BTS..................................................................... 11 3.2 Contents Related to CSM5000 Searcher ........................................................................... 14

4 Settings of Repeater Search Window ................................................................................... 19

4.1 Settings of Forward Search Window .................................................................................. 21 4.2 Settings of Reverse Search Window .................................................................................. 26

5 Search Window Optimization................................................................................................ 27 6 Precautions........................................................................................................................... 30

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Key words: CDMA2000, search window, setting and guide.

Abstract: This document details the setting principle and actual application of CDMA2000 forward/reverse search window.

List of abbreviations:

List of references: 1. CDMA1X BSS Network Planning Parameter Configuration Recommendations 2. CDMA Access Mechanism and CSM5000 Implementation 3. CDMA Repeater Network Planning Guide

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1 Overview
One of the most important contents during the network optimization is to set rationally and optimize search window parameter based on the correct understanding about the search window. This document is used for Huawei engineers only.

2 Forward Search Window

The system time estimated by MS is estimated based on a reference pilot, including the transmission delay of reference pilot. The transmission delay of each pilot is different, so it is inaccurate for MS to detect other pilots through the estimate time based on a reference pilot. But MS does confirm the transmission delay size of specified pilot, and it must search for them through an appropriate search window until the actual time sequence of pilot is detected. The search width is called search window when MS searches for the specified pilot. The following details the forward search window based on center and size settings of search window and MS search speed.

2.1 Center Position

I. Search window of active set and candidate set

1. Pilot search of active set and candidate set use the same search window(SRCH_WIN_A). 2. The search speed should be very fast.
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3. Each active set and candidate set pilot has a search window, and the active set has 6 pilots at most and candidate set 10 pilots. 4. Set the center of each search window at the place earliest reaching the available multipath component of the pilot. . For example: If the current active set and candidate set of MS have tow pilots: PN100 and PN200, Figure 1 shows the position of search window center.
Search window Search window Pilot phase

PN100multipath earliest

component

reached

PN200multipath component reached earliest

Figure 1 SRCH_WIN_A center settings

The above example also shows that: Each PN in the active set has a different search window center, and the search window center of each PN is set at the place of available multipath reached earliest. The multipath that the delay with the same PN exceeds a half of search window in the active set cannot be searched. The available multpaths reached earliest of all PNs in the active set are taken as the reference branches. II. SRCH_WIN_N

1. Use SRCH_WIN_N to search for the pilot of neighbor set. 2. The search speed of search window is slower than that of active set. 3. Each pilot of neighbor set has a search window, and IS-95 has20
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neighbor pilots at most and IS-2000 40 pilots. 4. The mobile station should center the search window for each pilot in the Neighbor Set around the pilots PN sequence offset plus the corresponding search window offset, using timing defined by the mobile stations time reference. Reference pilot: The available multipaths reached earliest of all PNs in the active set are time reference braches, so the pilots of branches are called reference pilots. If another multipath component of the same or different pilot is the component reached earliest, timing reference of MS is also adjusted to the new component. See Figure 2: If reference pilot is PN42, MS performs the location based on reference pilot reaches earliest in case of the search of neighbor channel PN92, and finds the pilot of neighbor cell by adding relevant offset chips.

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Figure 2 SRCH_WIN_N and SRCH_WIN_R center settings

III.

SRCH_WIN_R

1. Pilot search of remaining set uses SRCH_WIN_R. 2. The search speed should be very slow. 3. Each remaining set pilot has a search window, and the remaining set pilot is not located in other three pilot sets. PN is the pilot with the integral times of PILOT_INC . 4. Center setting of window is the same as that in the neighbor set.

2.2 Search Process

MS adopts different search strategies to handle the pilot sets. The search for active set and candidate set is frequent, prior to that of neighbor set and then that of remaining set. Figure 3 shows the search schedule for the overall pilot.

Figure 3 Search schedule for pilot signal from MS The above figure shows that: When the search for the pilots in the overall active set or candidate set completes, search for one
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pilot signal of neighbor set, and once again. One pilot signal of remaining set is searched before the search for all the pilot signals of neighbor set completes. Perform the search again and again to implement the search for signals of all the pilot sets. The search capability of MS is limited. The larger the searchWindowSize and the more the pilots of pilot set, the longer to pass all the pilots of pilot set.

2.3 Settings
I. Relation between the setting of search window and PN-INC The searchWindowSize is associated with PN_INC. For example: z When PN_INC is set to 2, the minimum PN phase offset of two

neighbor sector is up to 2*64chips=128chips. To avoid confusing PN, the searchWindowSize of active set should be less than 10 (100chips). Otherwise, neighbor pilot will be searched in the search window of active set, resulting in the confusion of pilot. z When PN_INC is set to 4, the searchWindowSize of active set

should be less than 13 (226chips). The following two rules detail the relation between the setting of search window and PN_INC: 1. To avoid that interference pilot occurs in the search window of active set because of longer delay, resulting in the confusion of pilot. According to the rule, the following formula must be satisfied: PN_INC*64>SA/2+max Wherein, SA stands for the searchWindowSize of active set, and stands for transmission delay difference two pilots. That is,
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the minimum offset different of two pilots should be more than the value that a half of searchWindowSize pluses maximum path transmission difference. The maximum path transmission

difference equals to cell radius with larger coverage area (converted into the delay). 2. To avoid the confusion of pilot, neighbor search windows cannot be overlapped. According to this rule, the following formula must be satisfied: PN_INC*64>SN Wherein, SN stands for the searchWindowSize of neighbor pilot. Generally, SN>SA and SN/2>max. According to the above two rules, the following formula must be satisfied: PN_INC>SN/64 When the SRCH_WIN _N is set to 13, PN_INC should not be less than 4. Generally speaking, we determine the

searchWindowSize following the setting principle of search window and based on local radio environment, and then select appropriate PN_INC to ensure that the above two rules are satisfied.

II.

SRCH_WIN_A setting principle

The search center changes with the multipath reaches earliest. If the delay difference between a multipath component and the multipath component reached earliest is more than a half of SRCH_WIN_A, the multipath component will not occur in the search window, resulting in the interference. Therefore, the

multipath of pilot (the maximum delay extension of the pilot) must

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be considered only during the setting for searchWindowSize of active set. Configure the enough searchWindowSize based on the dispersion of local transmission environment to ensure that multipah signals after different transmission delay occur in the search window. But the search window should not be too large; otherwise, the frequency for MS to search for the pilot is slower, affecting the network performance. Therefore, set a small search window so that the multipath component occurs in the search window to satisfy the requirements of system performance for the search frequency. Generally, the delay in the metropolitan area is about 7nus, and corresponding search window should be of 20chips. The transmission delay in the flat area is about 2uns, and the search window can be smaller. When SRCH_WIN_A received by MS is no less than 13, MS saves and uses 13 (226chips) (if SRCH_WIN_A is 14,at that time MS performs the search based on 226chips, and 320chips does not work). The Recommended value of SRCH_WIN_A should be 5. The following table details the correspondence of window size and actual chip numbers. Table 1 Pilot set search window
SRCH_WIN_A SRCH_WIN_N SRCH_WIN_NGHBR SRCH_WIN_R CF_SRCH_WIN_N 0 1
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Window size (PN chips)

SRCH_WIN_A SRCH_WIN_N SRCH_WIN_NGHBR SRCH_WIN_R CF_SRCH_WIN_N

Window size (PN chips)

4 6
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8 9

60 80
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2 3 4 5 6 7

8 10 14 20 28 40

10 11 12 13 14 15

100 130 160 226 320 452

MS search speed: Calculate roughly MS search time through the following tools: If the search window is set to 5, 8 and 9, the pilot of active set, candidate set and neighbor set is 3, 2 and 20 respectively. When PILOT_INC is 4, it takes 0.09 second to search for active set once, neighbor set 1.34 seconds and remaining set 2.4 minutes.

Srchtime.xls

The related documents (the source cannot be determined and they are only as a reference) show that the maximum search speed of MS searcher is up to 4800chips/s;For active/candidate pilot set and neighbor pilot set, the network designers should satisfy the following requirements for search speed: a). MS searcher should search for active/candidate pilot set at least 46 times within each second. b). Search for neighbor pilot set once within at least 1.5 seconds. The above shows that MS search speed will slower, resulting in call drop and handoff failure to affect the network QoS when the searchWindowSize is set to a greater value. III. SRCH_WIN_N setting principle SRCH_WIN_N is used mainly to search for the neighbor cells delivered by the system. When MS is of handoff state, the system
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delivers neighbor cell of each handoff branch after the combination and searches for the pilot with high priority. Note that too many neighbor cells affect the length of Neighbor List Message body of neighbor cell delivered and increases the probability of slow access and/or access failure. The mobile station should center the search window for each pilot in the Neighbor Set around the pilots PN sequence offset plus the corresponding search window offset, using timing defined by the mobile stations time reference, so you should not only consider the multipath delay of neighbor pilot but the relative transmission delay (also called distance difference) between neighbor pilot and reference pilot to ensure that the neighbor pilot signal after the transmission delay occurs in the SRCH_WIN_N during the setting for SRCH_WIN_N. When the searchWindowSize of neighbor pilot is less than the delay of this neighbor pilot over reference pilot, this pilot does not occur in the SRCH_WIN_N, affecting soft handoff seriously. Commonly the SRCH_WIN_N equal recommended value, but we should increase the searchWindowSize when relative delay is larger or repeater exists. If SRCH_WIN_N is set to an overlarge value (more than 130chips), the MS search speed will slow to affect the handoff and result in call drop. If a large search window must be set, look for a tradeoff between the searchWindowSize and search speed. [Recommended value]: 8.

IV. SRCH_WIN_R setting principle SRCH_WIN_R is used to search for the pilots that PN is the
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integral times of PILOT_INC. Similar to the configuration of SRCH_WIN_N, configure the SRCH_WIN_R based on the relative transmission delay of remaining pilot and reference pilot. The oversight about neighbor set configuration may exist during the network construction at the early stage. It is difficult to ensure that all the valid PNs occur in the SRCH_WIN_N. In this way, a larger value should be set to SRCH_WIN_R to search for the neighbor pilot that the configuration is omitted. The searchWindowSize can be set to 0 to speed up MS search speed after the network optimization. [Recommended value]: 9.

3 Reverse Search Window

CSM5000 chip of BCPM implements the search for reverse signal. The following not only describes the relevant parameters of BTS reverse search window and different applications but details CSM5000 searcher and relevant parameters. The corresponding BTS versions include V100R001B02D008, V100R002B01D002 and V100R002B01D003.

3.1 Reverse Search Window Mechanism of BTS

The BTS uses two search windows to search for the reverse signal, including common channel search window and traffic channel search window. Before capturing such MS traffic channel as TCH Preamble, BTS
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uses common channel search window to search for reverse access channel, including MS access process and traffic capture process. After the traffic is captured, use the traffic channel search window instead of common channel search window to search for the reverse channel. Currently, both the call and handoff adopt the mode. The reverse search window parameters are as follows: 1. maxcellr [Definition]: Maximum cell radius (Unit: Km). [Description]: In the V100R001B02D007 and earlier version and

V100R002B01D001, the value is set to bidirectional cell radius (that is cell diameter), with the unit of km. If maxcellr=80, the cell radius is of 40km. In the V100R001B02D008, V100R002B01D002 and

V100R002B01D003, this value is set to cell radius, with the unit of km. [Setting range]: 1125 [Default value]: 39 [Maintenance console command]: SET BTSSECTORPARA [Objective]: Used to calculate the searchWindowSize of reverse common channel. For example, maxcellr=39, that is, the cell radius is 39km. Convert the km (diameter) into the chips, 564chips, and it is the searchWindowSize of reverse common channel. The search window center is located the middle of common search window, that is the position where BTS is located. The supported scope varies with the chips. Meanwhile, the cell radius supported by BTS changes following the cell mode. In the
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CDMA 1X system, the following table shows the maximum cell radius supported by CSM5000 chip.
Cellmode Small cell mode Large cell mode Parameter scope (chips) 01024 02048 Max. cell radius (km) 125 250

2. tchschwsz [Definition]: traffic channel window size (Unit: 64 chips). [Setting range]: 116 [Default value]: 1 (The parameter is defaulted to be 3 in the V100R001B02D007 and earlier version and V100R002B01D001) [Description]: AutoCenter function is enabled in the V100R001B02D008, V100R002B01D002 and V100R002B01D003, so the search window of traffic channel can be set to 1 (164chips) because of channel module resource and performance. Because CSM5000 can adjust automatically the search center, it is not required to set an over-large value for the searchWindowSize of traffic channel during the actual environment that FER of reverse signal is less than 90% of call drop ratio. [Maintenance console command]: SET BTSSECTORPARA [Objective]: The value is used to set search window size of reverse traffic channel. If Tchschwsz=1, the searchWindowSize of reverse traffic channel is 64 chips. When automatic adjustment of search window function is enabled, CMS5000 chip automatically trace the search window center. 3. enschwadj [Definition]: Dynamical adjustment of search window
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[Setting range]: 0----Disable) and 1----Enable. [Default value]: 1 [Description]: The function is disabled in the V100R001B02D007 and earlier version and V100R002B01D001, that is, the parameter is of disable. But the parameter must be of enable in the V100R001B02D008, V100R002B01D002 and V100R002B01D003. When the function is disabled, BTS performs the search through traffic channel search window after capturing MS. At that time, the search center of traffic channel is the same as that of common channel, but the search window of traffic channel is a great deal less than that of common channel. The external interference or strong signal change results in call drop easily. [Maintenance console command]: SET BTSCPPARA [Objective]: CSM5000 chip automatically searches for MS signal. In this way, the search center changes with the move of MS to ensure that MS is always located in the reverse search window.

3.2 Contents Related to CSM5000 Searcher

CSM5000 includes two searchers: searcher_95 and

searcher_2000. The two searchers are separately, used for IS95 and IS2000 respectively. Searcher_95 implements the search for reverse ACH. Use searcher_95 or searcher_2000 based on different reverse CDMA channel types: z searcher_95:

R-ACH R-FCH, RC1 and RC2 R-SCcH, RC1 and RC2

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searcher_2000:

R-PICH R-EACH R-CCCH R-DCCH R-FCH, RC3 and RC4 R-SCH, RC3 and RC4

CSM5000 searcher has the following parameters: 1. MAX_RACH_FRACTION: The maximum ratio of search capability allocated for access channel during the preamble search of RACH All the common channels share the CSM5000 searchers, but the search capability is limited, so we should allocate the search capability for different channels. z If RACH occupies too many search capabilities, affect the search of other channels z If RACH occupies few search capabilities, affect the successful access success ratio. So you should find a balance. The calculation formula is as follows:
N NUM _ RAKES NUM _ PASSES16 MAX _ RACH_ FACTION= min 16 (PAM _ SZ +1) (SRCH_ TO_ FING_ PCGS+1) ,32

Wherein, N stands for the number of RACH set in the CSM5000, NUM_RAKES search space (number of RAKE receiver in the IS95), NUM_PASSES search times, and PAM_SZ preamble frame length of RACH (PAM_SZ of the APM).
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[Value range]: 032 (Unit: 1/32 of the maximum search capability) 2. SEARCH_MODE: The mode that BTS searches for the reverse channel Both the messages of reverse access channel and reverse traffic channel include preamble and data. The sending of preamble aims to help BTS capture MS, but data contains actual traffic information. To enhance the reverse receive performance, the different parts of reverse channel adopts different search mode. [Value range]: 0 or 1. Wherein, and 0 1 stands stands for for

CSMMIF_SEARCH_MODE_PREAMBLE CSMMIF_SEARCH_MODE_DATA. [Recommended value]: RACH RFCH and RSCCH RC1/RC2 Preamble RFCH and RSCCH RC1/RC2 Traffic RFCH and RSCH RC3/RC4 Preamble RFCH and RSCH RC3/RC4 Traffic 1

0 0 1 0

3. MAX_SEARCH_PASSES: The times that searcher passes RACH, REACH or RCCCH in case of search for the preamble of these channels. z If MAX_SEARCH_PASSES is set to an over-small value, decrease the reliability to capture the MS. z If MAX_SEARCH_PASSES is set to an over-large value, consume too many search capabilities to affect the capture of traffic channel. [Value range]: 14 [Recommended value]: RACH
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REACH and RCCCH

4. MAX_RACH_SEPARATION There is the strongest path on the RACH. When the time difference between this path and other paths is more than this value, BTS will not receive the path. z If this value is too large, the signals of other subscriber may be searched in the combination area of this subscriber, resulting in conflict and access failure. z If this value is too small, the valid multipath of this subscriber will not be locked and received by BTS to decrease access success ratio. [Value range]: 8512. Unit: 1/8 chip [Recommended value]: 80 (10chip). 5. SRCH_TO_FING_PCGS For the control parameter on the RACH: When the search stops and the last finger assignment completes, start to receive the number of the Power Control Group (PCG) before the message package. Wherein, each 20ms frame is divided into 16 PCGs, and each PCG includes a power control bit message. PCG is also taken as a time unit, indicating 1.25ms. [Value range]: 04 (PCG) [Recommended value]: 2

6. SearchStartOffset CSM5000 is a BTS chip, used to search for reverse channel. So a search window is set in the CSM5000, and CSM5000 captures all the signals to demodulate them before all the signals
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occur in the search window. The search window has two parameters: SearchCenter and SearchWindowSize. [Value range]: SearchStartOffset= SearchCenter -

(SearchWindowSize)/ 2. The minimum of SearchStartOffset should be 0 and it cannot be a negative value. [Recommended value]: z z For reverse access channel, searchStartOffset starts from 0. For reverse traffic channel, searchStartOffset is determined based on the above formula.

7. SearchWindowSize Search window size of reverse traffic channel [Value range]: 032 (Unit: 64 chips). One chip is of 244m. [Recommended value]: z For reverse access channel, the SearchWindowSize is the whole cell radius. z For reverse traffic channel, there are two SearchWindowSize corresponding to two procedures: One is the whole cell radius before MS is captured, and the other is 1 after MS is captured. 8. EnableSearchWindowAdjust: Automatic adjustment of search center After the function is enabled, csm5000 adjusts automatically the search center of traffic channel based on received reverse signal to avoid calculating the search center and enhance the search efficiency. [Value range]: 1---Enable the function, and 0----Disable the function. [Recommended value]: 1
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For the specific parameter configuration of BTS, see Parameter Configuration Recommendations of CDMA1X BSS Network Planning.

4 Settings of Repeater Search Window

The system parameter-setting for forward/reverse search window is affected seriously during the repeater application. The setting for search window is related to the delay cased by repeater. z When the delay is longer, you should increase the setting value of search window. z When the delay is shorter, you should decrease the setting value of search window. The delay is closely related to specific environment during the repeater application. Taking an optical repeater for an example, the following illustrates the delay analysis process. z If the repeater signal is sent from sector A of host BTS, and the remote deployment distance of optical fiber from host BTS to repeater is 25km, the MS is located in the cross-connect area of two sectors, as shown in the following figure. z If MS can receive the signal from sector B and the repeater in the area, the distance between MS and sector B is 10km, and between MS and repeater is 10km. Perform the analysis based on the reference point where MS is located.

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Figure 4 Delay analysis of repeater networking 1. Delay from BTS sector B to MS DelayB = 10km/ ((0.244km/chips) = 41chips 2. Delay from repeater A1 signal to MS DelayA1 =Optical transmission delay + Radio transmission delay of repeater signal +processing delay of repeater Wherein, the remote deployment distance of optical fiber is 25km (the transmission delay of signal through the optical fiber is 0.2km/chip) and radio transmission distance of repeater is 10km. The processing delay should not be more than 53s according to the requirements for the delay in the repeater specifications. The delay is calculated based on 53s in the following formula: DelayA1=53s/ (1/1.2288 MHz) +25km/ (0.2km/chips) +

10km/ (0.244km/chips) = 6 + 125 + 41 = 172 chips [Note]: The above example shows only the calculation method of repeater delay. The specific calculation is performed based on different hardware configuration.
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You should subtract the supplemented delay of optical repeater. 3. Relative delay of two-path signals The relative delay received by MS from sector B and repeater A1 is as follows: Relative delay = 172 41 = 131chips

4.1 Settings of Forward Search Window

I. Search window of active set The complexity of local multipath determines the settings for search window of active set. When the no overly coverage area exists between repeater and host BTS, the usage of repeater does not affect the multipath basically, so the setting for search window of active set remains unchangeable. If the radio transmission environment of repeater and host BTS is inconsistent and large difference exists in the multipath extension delay of two coverage areas, set the search window of active set based on larger multipath extension. At that time, change correspondingly the search window of neighbor cell carrying the soft handoff relation with the repeater. The repeated coverage area may exist between host sector and repeater during the actual application. In the overlap coverage area, the multipath signal may come from host sector and repeater. At that time, the inter-multipath relative delay is up to the maximum value. Take the above example for an example: If the place of sector A and B is exchanged but others remain unchangeable, the area covered by sector A is overlapped with that covered by the repeater. The relative multipath delay of the overlapped area is 131chips. To
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search for the valid path, the searchWindowSize should be 2 times at least as much as relative delay. According to the protocol, the searchWindowSize is set to 14, that is, 320chips is much greater than 80chips (it is greater than 2*131chips, and you should also note that the maximum searchWindowSize of active set acknowledged by MS is set to 13, that is 226chips). At that time, the search performances of all the cells close to repeater and host sectors of repeater decrease. The above analysis shows that the area covered by repeater should not be overlapped with that covered by host BTS. We can perform the analysis based on the learned suggestions from Qualcomm for the search window setting: z When the relative delay between the repeater and host BTS is more than 40chips (it is of about 10km), the coverage area of both should not be overlapped. z When the relative delay between the repeater and host BTS is more than 40chips during the actual networking but the overlapped coverage area exists, increase the searchWindowSize. The MS search performance is affected dramatically in the densely-allocated area of BTS. But the effect is minor in the sparsely-allocated area of BTS because of less neighbor cell relation. Consequently, you should lessen the restrictions appropriately in the area, but accumulate the experience from the specific settings. According to the specifications of the protocol, the maximum searchWindowSize of active set is up to 15 (that is 452chips), but that used by MS is up to 13 (that is 226chips). Therefore, the
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maximum of inter-multipath relative delay is 113chips (that is 27.5km). If search performance is not considered and overlapped coverage area exists between them, the relative delay between the signals received by MS in the overlapped area should not be more than 113chips even though only the host BTS and repeater exist in the network. Otherwise, the performance in the overlapped area will be affected dramatically. When the network is constructed in the mountainous area, multipath extension delay may be longer because of the signal reflection on the mountain. At that time, you should increase the searchWindowSize. The effect on search performance when searchWindowSize of active set increases should be verified based on actual application. So does for recommended value by Qualcomm. II. SRCH_WIN_N To ensure that the search window can search for all the neighbor pilots, the searchWindowSize_N should be twice as much as the maximum delay of neighbor pilot and reference set pilot. If there are no neighbor cells around the repeater, the

searchWindowSize of neighbor set remains unchangeable. If the neighbor cell pilot with soft handoff is available, increase the SRCH_WIN_NsearchWindowSize_ correspondingly. The above example shows that SRCH_WIN_N of repeater A1 (corresponding to sector A) and sector B should be more than 2*131chips, that is, the searchWindowSize is set to 14 (320chips) and it is more than 130chips (it is more than 2*131chips). At that time, the MS search performances of all the cells close to repeater
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and host sector of repeater decrease. From the above analysis, the relative delay of signal received by MS from the repeater and neighbor cell should be less as possible. We can perform the analysis based on the learned suggestions from Qualcomm for the search window setting: z When relative delay of the signals received by MS from repeater and neighbor cell is more than 65chips (it is of about 16km), the MS search performance will be affected to affect handoff performance and even call drop. z If the coverage radius of repeater is basically the same as that of neighbor cell, the remote deployment distance of repeater should not be more than 16km. According to the specifications of the protocol, the maximum searchWindowSize_N is up to 15 (that is 452chips). Therefore, the maximum relative delay of signal between serving cell and neighbor cell is 226chips (55km). z If search performance is not considered and the repeater exists in the network, the relative delay between the signals from repeater and neighbor cell received by MS should not be more than 226chips. z If the coverage radius of repeater and neighbor BTS is basically the same, the maximum signal transmission delay between repeater and host BTS is up to 226chips. z If the coverage radius of repeater is less than that of neighbor cell, increase the maximum signal transmission delay between this repeater and host BTS appropriately. And the increment is the maximum difference between the coverage radius of repeater and that of each neighbor cell.
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The effect on search performance when searchWindowSize of active neighbor set increases and the effect on handoff and call drop performance arising thereof should be verified based on actual application. So does for recommended value by Qualcomm. III. SRCH_WIN_R The searchWindowSize_R should not be less than

searchWindowSize_N at the early stage of network activation. The value can set to 0 after network is optimized. IV. Precautions

1. For the host BTS with a repeater and BTS close to the repeater, concern the maximum relative delay and set the search window based on the maximum delay. 2. When the repeater is cascaded, the multiple-level cascade will result in longer delay. In this way, when the neighbor relation exists between the repeater of back-level cascade and peripheral cell, the normal handoff fails because of the longer delay. Therefore, the cascade networking of repeater is used for the environment isolated with the area covered by the repeater without the handoff with external BTS. The delay in the cascade is the same as above. 3. When you analyze the repeater delay, consider not only the signal transmission delay from the repeater to host BTS (For optical repeater, it is the delay in the actual optical route. For RF repeater, it is the maximum air transmission delay from repeater to the host BTS) and the processing delay of repeater but also the area covered by repeater signal. Increase the remote deployment distance of repeater to decrease the area covered by the repeater. 4. The above delay analysis shows that transmission delay is
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calculated based on the straight-line transmission. Not only straight signal but reflection and diffraction signals exist during the actual conditions, resulting in larger relative delay.

4.2 Settings of Reverse Search Window

I. Maximum cell radius For the host BTS with a repeater, consider the farthest end of the area covered by the repeater, with the maximum of delay when this parameter is configured. The delay that MS receives the repeater signal, including radio transmission delay that signal transmitted from the repeater antenna to MS, repeater processing delay and the signal transmission delay between repeater and host BTS. That is, consider the maximum delay of MS within the area covered by the repeater when maximum cell radius is set. The above example shows that is DelayA1, 172chips.. The corresponding distance =172chips % 244m/chips = 42km. In this case, the maximum cell radius is set to 42km at least. II. Search window of reverse traffic channel The search window center of reverse traffic channel can trace automatically existing delay for the adjustment. Consider the environmental multipath in case of the settings for

searchWindowSize of reverse traffic channel. This case is similar to the settings for search window of forward active set. It is not required to consider using the repeater for the search window of reverse traffic channel. When the overly coverage exists between the repeater and host sector, the consideration is similar to the analysis for search window of forward active set.
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The MS search performance is affected dramatically in the densely-allocated area of BTS. But the effect is minor in the sparsely-allocated area of BTS because the pilot to be searched is less. Consequently, you should lessen the restrictions

appropriately in the area, but accumulate the experience from the specific settings.

5 Search Window Optimization

The inappropriate settings for search window parameter result in the network problem during the network optimization. Generally, the required multipath or other neighbor pilots cannot be utilized because of the settings for too small search window parameter and interference occur, resulting in such network problems as interference, handoff failure and call drop. If search window of active set is too small, the special zone performance covered in the cell may be degraded and Ec/Io is worse and call drop occurs, which is related to the area. That is because the transmission multipath environment varies following the different places even for the coverage area of the same cell. Additionally, the interference to valid signal from the multipath component outside the search window varies with the positions. For example, the searchWindowSize of active set is 20chips; the call drop place is far from about 1Km away. If the shortest path is 1 Km (that is, the component reached earliest), MS can receive all the pilot multipaths with the transmission path of 1+100.244=3.44. If the transmission slope is 20, the multipath component outside the search window is 20log3.44=10.73dB at least less than that of the
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shortest path. If call drop occurs within about 2Km area, the multipath component outside the search window is at least 20log4.44/2=6.9dB less than that of the shortest path. If call drop occurs within about 5Km area, the multipath component outside the search window is 20log7.44/5=3.45dB at least less than that of the shortest path. The above shows that the multipath interference varies with the places. The farther the distance is away from BTS, the stronger the multipath interference outside the search window. In addition, the network problems do not occur frequently in the area close coverage of BTS resulted from the settings for too small search window of active set. But the area far from the BTS coverage does. If external interference and effect from neighbor cell are eliminated, receive power level is not very worse and EcIo is degraded seriously, the problems are resulted from the inappropriate settings for search window of active set. To further locate the problem, add the searchWindowSize of corresponding active set, perform the field test by drive test tools and view the multipath of active set pilot. If the test is performed by CAIT tool, the pilot_pn_phase from the searched finger information and PSMM illustrates the information about the delay. See the following example:

Temporal Analyser Finger Info Only Finger #1 PN=0x1b4 = 436 (436): pos=0xba81, eng=79 (-11.6) Finger #2 PN=0x1b4 = 436 (436): pos=0xba48, eng=46 (-14.0)

Calculation
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(1) ba81 (hex)  47745 (dec) , ba48 (hex)  47688 (dec) (2) 47745 - 47688 = 57 (3) 57/8 = 7 chip The above shows that two multipath component time offsets of pilot 436 are 7chips.

Pilot Strength Measurement Message ack_seq 6 msg_seq 0 ack_req 1 encryption 0 ref_pn 0xd8 = 216 ( 216 ) pilot_strength 22 ( -11.0 dB ) keep pilot_pn_phase[0] 0x441c => 272 + 28 chips ( 272 ) pilot_strength[0] 17 ( -8.5 dB ) keep

Calculation (1) Ox441c ( hex )  17436 (dec ) (2) PN 272 ( 272 * 64chip = 17408) (3) 17436 - 17408 = 28 chip delay Wherein, 28chips indicates additional time offset between two pilots. The searchWindowSize_N must be more than twice as much as additional time offset. If the traced information shows that the time offset between multilath components of the pilot is more than a half of searchWindowSize set originally, the problem may be resulted from the small searchWindowSize. At that time, add the searchWindowSize of neighbor set (the searchWindowSize_N
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must not be less than that of active set) to handle the settings for the search window of active set. If the searchWindowSize is too small, the desired neighbor pilot does not occur, and the handoff fails during the drive test. If initialization is performed in the neighbor pilot after MS call drop, the problem cannot be of the settings for searchWindowSize_N instead of BTS synchronization and failure of neighbor cell relation configured. To further locate the problem, add searchWindowSize of corresponding neighbor set and view the delay by the drive test tools to judge whether the searchWindowSize_N is too small.

6 Precautions
The dropped call of BTS3601 in Cang Zhou must be avoided. Currently, for VR001B02D002 NodeB, when cell radius is defaulted to 80, search window of traffic channel 2 and authocentersearch enable, the call drop ratio of NodeB is up to over 5%. When the above cell radius, search window of traffic channel and authocentersearch are changed to 39, 5 and disable respectively after the long-time location by multiple parties (authocentersearch function is disabled and searchWindowSize of reverse traffic channel is set to the same as that of access channel), the call drop ratio is less than 1%. The problem about the version is confirmed, and the above problems will not occur in the latter B03D002 NodeB. That is, if exceptional call drop of BTS occurs, BTS autosearch capability may result in the disharmonious cooperation between the search window of access channel and that of traffic
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channel. Take this example as a reference to modify the reverse search window parameter for better problem location.

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