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All Nobel Prizes

Between 1901 and 2012, the Nobel Prizes and the Prize in Economic Sciences were awarded 555 times to 863 people and organizations. With some receiving the Nobel Prize more than once, this makes a total of 835 individuals and 21 organizations. Below, you can view the full list of Nobel Prizes and Nobel Laureates.
2012
The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012
Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland
"for ground-breaking experimental methods that enable measuring and manipulation of individual quantum systems"
The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012
Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka
"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"
The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2012
Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka
"for the discovery that mature cells can be reprogrammed to become pluripotent"
The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012
Mo Yan
"who with hallucinatory realism merges folk tales, history and the contemporary"
The Nobel Peace Prize 2012
European Union (EU)
"for over six decades contributed to the advancement of peace and reconciliation, democracy and human rights in Europe"
The Prize in Economic Sciences 2012
Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. Shapley
"for the theory of stable allocations and the practice of market design"
2011
Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess
"for the discovery of the accelerating expansion of the Universe through observations of distant supernovae"
Dan Shechtman
"for the discovery of quasicrystals"
Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann
"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"

Ralph M. Steinman
"for his discovery of the dendritic cell and its role in adaptive immunity"
Tomas Transtrmer
"because, through his condensed, translucent images, he gives us fresh access to reality"
Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman
"for their non-violent struggle for the safety of women and for women's rights to full participation in peace-building work"
Thomas J. Sargent and Christopher A. Sims
"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"
2010
Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov
"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"
Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki
"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis"
Robert G. Edwards
"for the development of in vitro fertilization"
Mario Vargas Llosa
"for his cartography of structures of power and his trenchant images of the individual's resistance, revolt, and defeat"
Liu Xiaobo
"for his long and non-violent struggle for fundamental human rights in China"
Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen and Christopher A. Pissarides
"for their analysis of markets with search frictions"
2009
Charles Kuen Kao
"for groundbreaking achievements concerning the transmission of light in fibers for optical communication"
Willard S. Boyle and George E. Smith
"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor"
Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath
"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"
Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak
"for the discovery of how chromosomes are protected by telomeres and the enzyme telomerase"
Herta Mller
"who, with the concentration of poetry and the frankness of prose, depicts the landscape of the dispossessed"
Barack H. Obama
"for his extraordinary efforts to strengthen international diplomacy and cooperation between peoples"
Elinor Ostrom
"for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"

Oliver E. Williamson
"for his analysis of economic governance, especially the boundaries of the firm"
2008
Yoichiro Nambu
"for the discovery of the mechanism of spontaneous broken symmetry in subatomic physics"
Makoto Kobayashi and Toshihide Maskawa
"for the discovery of the origin of the broken symmetry which predicts the existence of at least three families of quarks in nature"
Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien
"for the discovery and development of the green fluorescent protein, GFP"
Harald zur Hausen
"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"

Franoise Barr-Sinoussi and Luc Montagnier
"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"
Jean-Marie Gustave Le Clzio
"author of new departures, poetic adventure and sensual ecstasy, explorer of a humanity beyond and below the reigning civilization"
Martti Ahtisaari
"for his important efforts, on several continents and over more than three decades, to resolve international conflicts"
Paul Krugman
"for his analysis of trade patterns and location of economic activity"
2007
Albert Fert and Peter Grnberg
"for the discovery of Giant Magnetoresistance"
Gerhard Ertl
"for his studies of chemical processes on solid surfaces"
Mario R. Capecchi, Sir Martin J. Evans and Oliver Smithies
"for their discoveries of principles for introducing specific gene modifications in mice by the use of embryonic stem cells"
Doris Lessing
"that epicist of the female experience, who with scepticism, fire and visionary power has subjected a divided civilisation to scrutiny"
Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) and Albert Arnold (Al) Gore Jr.
"for their efforts to build up and disseminate greater knowledge about man-made climate change, and to lay the foundations for the measures that are needed to counteract such change"
Leonid Hurwicz, Eric S. Maskin and Roger B. Myerson
"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory"
2006
John C. Mather and George F. Smoot
"for their discovery of the blackbody form and anisotropy of the cosmic microwave background radiation"
Roger D. Kornberg
"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription"
Andrew Z. Fire and Craig C. Mello
"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA"
Orhan Pamuk
"who in the quest for the melancholic soul of his native city has discovered new symbols for the clash and interlacing of cultures"
Muhammad Yunus and Grameen Bank
"for their efforts to create economic and social development from below"
Edmund S. Phelps
"for his analysis of intertemporal tradeoffs in macroeconomic policy"
2005
Roy J. Glauber
"for his contribution to the quantum theory of optical coherence"

John L. Hall and Theodor W. Hnsch
"for their contributions to the development of laser-based precision spectroscopy, including the optical frequency comb technique"
Yves Chauvin, Robert H. Grubbs and Richard R. Schrock
"for the development of the metathesis method in organic synthesis"
Barry J. Marshall and J. Robin Warren
"for their discovery of the bacterium Helicobacter pylori and its role in gastritis and peptic ulcer disease"
Harold Pinter
"who in his plays uncovers the precipice under everyday prattle and forces entry into oppression's closed rooms"
International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) and Mohamed ElBaradei
"for their efforts to prevent nuclear energy from being used for military purposes and to ensure that nuclear energy for peaceful purposes is used in the safest possible way"
Robert J. Aumann and Thomas C. Schelling
"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis"
2004
David J. Gross, H. David Politzer and Frank Wilczek
"for the discovery of asymptotic freedom in the theory of the strong interaction"
Aaron Ciechanover, Avram Hershko and Irwin Rose
"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation"
Richard Axel and Linda B. Buck
"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system"
Elfriede Jelinek
"for her musical flow of voices and counter-voices in novels and plays that with extraordinary linguistic zeal reveal the absurdity of society's clichs and their subjugating power"
Wangari Muta Maathai
"for her contribution to sustainable development, democracy and peace"
Finn E. Kydland and Edward C. Prescott
"for their contributions to dynamic macroeconomics: the time consistency of economic policy and the driving forces behind business cycles"
2003
Alexei A. Abrikosov, Vitaly L. Ginzburg and Anthony J. Leggett
"for pioneering contributions to the theory of superconductors and superfluids"
"for discoveries concerning channels in cell membranes"

Peter Agre
"for the discovery of water channels"

Roderick MacKinnon
"for structural and mechanistic studies of ion channels"
Paul C. Lauterbur and Sir Peter Mansfield
"for their discoveries concerning magnetic resonance imaging"
John M. Coetzee
"who in innumerable guises portrays the surprising involvement of the outsider"
Shirin Ebadi
"for her efforts for democracy and human rights. She has focused especially on the struggle for the rights of women and children"
Robert F. Engle III
"for methods of analyzing economic time series with time-varying volatility (ARCH)"
Clive W.J. Granger
"for methods of analyzing economic time series with common trends (cointegration)"
2002
Raymond Davis Jr. and Masatoshi Koshiba
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, in particular for the detection of cosmic neutrinos"
Riccardo Giacconi
"for pioneering contributions to astrophysics, which have led to the discovery of cosmic X-ray sources"
"for the development of methods for identification and structure analyses of biological macromolecules"
John B. Fenn and Koichi Tanaka
"for their development of soft desorption ionisation methods for mass spectrometric analyses of biological macromolecules"
Kurt Wthrich
"for his development of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining the threedimensional structure of biological macromolecules in solution"
Sydney Brenner, H. Robert Horvitz and John E. Sulston
"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death'"
Imre Kertsz
"for writing that upholds the fragile experience of the individual against the barbaric arbitrariness of history"
Jimmy Carter
"for his decades of untiring effort to find peaceful solutions to international conflicts, to advance democracy and human rights, and to promote economic and social development"
Daniel Kahneman
"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty"
Vernon L. Smith
"for having established laboratory experiments as a tool in empirical economic analysis, especially in the study of alternative market mechanisms"
2001
Eric A. Cornell, Wolfgang Ketterle and Carl E. Wieman
"for the achievement of Bose-Einstein condensation in dilute gases of alkali atoms, and for early fundamental studies of the properties of the condensates"
William S. Knowles and Ryoji Noyori
"for their work on chirally catalysed hydrogenation reactions"

K. Barry Sharpless
"for his work on chirally catalysed oxidation reactions"
Leland H. Hartwell, Tim Hunt and Sir Paul M. Nurse
"for their discoveries of key regulators of the cell cycle"
Sir Vidiadhar Surajprasad Naipaul
"for having united perceptive narrative and incorruptible scrutiny in works that compel us to see the presence of suppressed histories"
United Nations (U.N.) and Kofi Annan
"for their work for a better organized and more peaceful world"
George A. Akerlof, A. Michael Spence and Joseph E. Stiglitz
"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information"
2000
"for basic work on information and communication technology"

Zhores I. Alferov and Herbert Kroemer
"for developing semiconductor heterostructures used in high-speed- and opto-electronics"

Jack S. Kilby
"for his part in the invention of the integrated circuit"
Alan J. Heeger, Alan G. MacDiarmid and Hideki Shirakawa
"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers"
Arvid Carlsson, Paul Greengard and Eric R. Kandel
"for their discoveries concerning signal transduction in the nervous system"
Gao Xingjian
"for an uvre of universal validity, bitter insights and linguistic ingenuity, which has opened new paths for the Chinese novel and drama"
Kim Dae-jung
"for his work for democracy and human rights in South Korea and in East Asia in general, and for peace and reconciliation with North Korea in particular"
James J. Heckman
"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing selective samples"
Daniel L. McFadden
"for his development of theory and methods for analyzing discrete choice"
1999
Gerardus 't Hooft and Martinus J.G. Veltman
"for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions in physics"
Ahmed H. Zewail
"for his studies of the transition states of chemical reactions using femtosecond spectroscopy"
Gnter Blobel
"for the discovery that proteins have intrinsic signals that govern their transport and localization in the cell"
Gnter Grass
"whose frolicsome black fables portray the forgotten face of history"
Mdecins Sans Frontires
"in recognition of the organization's pioneering humanitarian work on several continents"
Robert A. Mundell
"for his analysis of monetary and fiscal policy under different exchange rate regimes and his analysis of optimum currency areas"
1998
Robert B. Laughlin, Horst L. Strmer and Daniel C. Tsui
"for their discovery of a new form of quantum fluid with fractionally charged excitations"
Walter Kohn
"for his development of the density-functional theory"

John A. Pople
"for his development of computational methods in quantum chemistry"
Robert F. Furchgott, Louis J. Ignarro and Ferid Murad
"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signalling molecule in the cardiovascular system"
Jos Saramago
"who with parables sustained by imagination, compassion and irony continually enables us once again to apprehend an elusory reality"
John Hume and David Trimble
"for their efforts to find a peaceful solution to the conflict in Northern Ireland"
Amartya Sen
"for his contributions to welfare economics"
1997
Steven Chu, Claude Cohen-Tannoudji and William D. Phillips
"for development of methods to cool and trap atoms with laser light"
Paul D. Boyer and John E. Walker
"for their elucidation of the enzymatic mechanism underlying the synthesis of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)"
Jens C. Skou
"for the first discovery of an ion-transporting enzyme, Na+, K+ -ATPase"
Stanley B. Prusiner
"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection"
Dario Fo
"who emulates the jesters of the Middle Ages in scourging authority and upholding the dignity of the downtrodden"
International Campaign to Ban Landmines (ICBL) and Jody Williams
"for their work for the banning and clearing of anti-personnel mines"
Robert C. Merton and Myron S. Scholes
"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives"
1996
David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff and Robert C. Richardson
"for their discovery of superfluidity in helium-3"
Robert F. Curl Jr., Sir Harold W. Kroto and Richard E. Smalley
"for their discovery of fullerenes"
Peter C. Doherty and Rolf M. Zinkernagel
"for their discoveries concerning the specificity of the cell mediated immune defence"
Wislawa Szymborska
"for poetry that with ironic precision allows the historical and biological context to come to light in fragments of human reality"
Carlos Filipe Ximenes Belo and Jos Ramos-Horta
"for their work towards a just and peaceful solution to the conflict in East Timor"
James A. Mirrlees and William Vickrey
"for their fundamental contributions to the economic theory of incentives under asymmetric information"
1995
"for pioneering experimental contributions to lepton physics"

Martin L. Perl
"for the discovery of the tau lepton"

Frederick Reines
"for the detection of the neutrino"
Paul J. Crutzen, Mario J. Molina and F. Sherwood Rowland
"for their work in atmospheric chemistry, particularly concerning the formation and decomposition of ozone"
Edward B. Lewis, Christiane Nsslein-Volhard and Eric F. Wieschaus
"for their discoveries concerning the genetic control of early embryonic development"
Seamus Heaney
"for works of lyrical beauty and ethical depth, which exalt everyday miracles and the living past"
Joseph Rotblat and Pugwash Conferences on Science and World Affairs
"for their efforts to diminish the part played by nuclear arms in international politics and, in the longer run, to eliminate such arms"
Robert E. Lucas Jr.
"for having developed and applied the hypothesis of rational expectations, and thereby having transformed macroeconomic analysis and deepened our understanding of economic policy"
1994
"for pioneering contributions to the development of neutron scattering techniques for studies of condensed matter"
Bertram N. Brockhouse
"for the development of neutron spectroscopy"

Clifford G. Shull
"for the development of the neutron diffraction technique"
George A. Olah
"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry"
Alfred G. Gilman and Martin Rodbell
"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells"
Kenzaburo Oe
"who with poetic force creates an imagined world, where life and myth condense to form a disconcerting picture of the human predicament today"
Yasser Arafat, Shimon Peres and Yitzhak Rabin
"for their efforts to create peace in the Middle East"
John C. Harsanyi, John F. Nash Jr. and Reinhard Selten
"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games"
1993
Russell A. Hulse and Joseph H. Taylor Jr.
"for the discovery of a new type of pulsar, a discovery that has opened up new possibilities for the study of gravitation"
"for contributions to the developments of methods within DNA-based chemistry"

Kary B. Mullis
"for his invention of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) method"

Michael Smith
"for his fundamental contributions to the establishment of oligonucleotide-based, site-directed mutagenesis and its development for protein studies"
Richard J. Roberts and Phillip A. Sharp
"for their discoveries of split genes"
Toni Morrison
"who in novels characterized by visionary force and poetic import, gives life to an essential aspect of American reality"
Nelson Mandela and Frederik Willem de Klerk
"for their work for the peaceful termination of the apartheid regime, and for laying the foundations for a new democratic South Africa"
Robert W. Fogel and Douglass C. North
"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change"
1992
Georges Charpak
"for his invention and development of particle detectors, in particular the multiwire proportional chamber"
Rudolph A. Marcus
"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems"
Edmond H. Fischer and Edwin G. Krebs
"for their discoveries concerning reversible protein phosphorylation as a biological regulatory mechanism"
Derek Walcott
"for a poetic oeuvre of great luminosity, sustained by a historical vision, the outcome of a multicultural commitment"
Rigoberta Mench Tum
"in recognition of her work for social justice and ethno-cultural reconciliation based on respect for the rights of indigenous peoples"
Gary S. Becker
"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behaviour and interaction, including nonmarket behaviour"
1991
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes
"for discovering that methods developed for studying order phenomena in simple systems can be generalized to more complex forms of matter, in particular to liquid crystals and polymers"
Richard R. Ernst
"for his contributions to the development of the methodology of high resolution nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy"
Erwin Neher and Bert Sakmann
"for their discoveries concerning the function of single ion channels in cells"
Nadine Gordimer
"who through her magnificent epic writing has - in the words of Alfred Nobel - been of very great benefit to humanity"
Aung San Suu Kyi
"for her non-violent struggle for democracy and human rights"
Ronald H. Coase
"for his discovery and clarification of the significance of transaction costs and property rights for the institutional structure and functioning of the economy"
1990
Jerome I. Friedman, Henry W. Kendall and Richard E. Taylor
"for their pioneering investigations concerning deep inelastic scattering of electrons on protons and bound neutrons, which have been of essential importance for the development of the quark model in particle physics"
Elias James Corey
"for his development of the theory and methodology of organic synthesis"
Joseph E. Murray and E. Donnall Thomas
"for their discoveries concerning organ and cell transplantation in the treatment of human disease"
Octavio Paz
"for impassioned writing with wide horizons, characterized by sensuous intelligence and humanistic integrity"
Mikhail Sergeyevich Gorbachev
"for his leading role in the peace process which today characterizes important parts of the international community"
Harry M. Markowitz, Merton H. Miller and William F. Sharpe
"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics"
1989
Norman F. Ramsey
"for the invention of the separated oscillatory fields method and its use in the hydrogen maser and other atomic clocks"
Hans G. Dehmelt and Wolfgang Paul
"for the development of the ion trap technique"
Sidney Altman and Thomas R. Cech
"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA"
J. Michael Bishop and Harold E. Varmus
"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes"
Camilo Jos Cela
"for a rich and intensive prose, which with restrained compassion forms a challenging vision of man's vulnerability"
The 14th Dalai Lama (Tenzin Gyatso)
Trygve Haavelmo
"for his clarification of the probability theory foundations of econometrics and his analyses of simultaneous economic structures"
1988
Leon M. Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger
"for the neutrino beam method and the demonstration of the doublet structure of the leptons through the discovery of the muon neutrino"
Johann Deisenhofer, Robert Huber and Hartmut Michel
"for the determination of the three-dimensional structure of a photosynthetic reaction centre"
Sir James W. Black, Gertrude B. Elion and George H. Hitchings
"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment"
Naguib Mahfouz
"who, through works rich in nuance - now clear-sightedly realistic, now evocatively ambiguous has formed an Arabian narrative art that applies to all mankind"
United Nations Peacekeeping Forces
Maurice Allais
"for his pioneering contributions to the theory of markets and efficient utilization of resources"
1987
J. Georg Bednorz and K. Alexander Mller
"for their important break-through in the discovery of superconductivity in ceramic materials"
Donald J. Cram, Jean-Marie Lehn and Charles J. Pedersen
"for their development and use of molecules with structure-specific interactions of high selectivity"
Susumu Tonegawa
"for his discovery of the genetic principle for generation of antibody diversity"
Joseph Brodsky
"for an all-embracing authorship, imbued with clarity of thought and poetic intensity"
Oscar Arias Snchez
"for his work for peace in Central America, efforts which led to the accord signed in Guatemala on August 7 this year"
Robert M. Solow
"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth"
1986
Ernst Ruska
"for his fundamental work in electron optics, and for the design of the first electron microscope"
Gerd Binnig and Heinrich Rohrer
"for their design of the scanning tunneling microscope"
Dudley R. Herschbach, Yuan T. Lee and John C. Polanyi
"for their contributions concerning the dynamics of chemical elementary processes"
Stanley Cohen and Rita Levi-Montalcini
"for their discoveries of growth factors"
Wole Soyinka
"who in a wide cultural perspective and with poetic overtones fashions the drama of existence"
Elie Wiesel
James M. Buchanan Jr.
"for his development of the contractual and constitutional bases for the theory of economic and political decision-making"
1985
Klaus von Klitzing
"for the discovery of the quantized Hall effect"
Herbert A. Hauptman and Jerome Karle
"for their outstanding achievements in the development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures"
Michael S. Brown and Joseph L. Goldstein
"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism"
Claude Simon
"who in his novel combines the poet's and the painter's creativeness with a deepened awareness of time in the depiction of the human condition"
International Physicians for the Prevention of Nuclear War
Franco Modigliani
"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets"
1984
Carlo Rubbia and Simon van der Meer
"for their decisive contributions to the large project, which led to the discovery of the field particles W and Z, communicators of weak interaction"
Robert Bruce Merrifield
"for his development of methodology for chemical synthesis on a solid matrix"
Niels K. Jerne, Georges J.F. Khler and Csar Milstein
"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies"
Jaroslav Seifert
"for his poetry which endowed with freshness, sensuality and rich inventiveness provides a liberating image of the indomitable spirit and versatility of man"
Desmond Mpilo Tutu
Richard Stone
"for having made fundamental contributions to the development of systems of national accounts and hence greatly improved the basis for empirical economic analysis"
1983
Subramanyan Chandrasekhar
"for his theoretical studies of the physical processes of importance to the structure and evolution of the stars"
William Alfred Fowler
"for his theoretical and experimental studies of the nuclear reactions of importance in the formation of the chemical elements in the universe"
Henry Taube
"for his work on the mechanisms of electron transfer reactions, especially in metal complexes"
Barbara McClintock
"for her discovery of mobile genetic elements"
William Golding
"for his novels which, with the perspicuity of realistic narrative art and the diversity and universality of myth, illuminate the human condition in the world of today"
Lech Walesa
Gerard Debreu
"for having incorporated new analytical methods into economic theory and for his rigorous reformulation of the theory of general equilibrium"
1982
Kenneth G. Wilson
"for his theory for critical phenomena in connection with phase transitions"
Aaron Klug
"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes"
Sune K. Bergstrm, Bengt I. Samuelsson and John R. Vane
"for their discoveries concerning prostaglandins and related biologically active substances"
Gabriel Garca Mrquez
"for his novels and short stories, in which the fantastic and the realistic are combined in a richly composed world of imagination, reflecting a continent's life and conflicts"
Alva Myrdal Alfonso Garca Robles
George J. Stigler
"for his seminal studies of industrial structures, functioning of markets and causes and effects of public regulation"
1981
Nicolaas Bloembergen and Arthur Leonard Schawlow
"for their contribution to the development of laser spectroscopy"

Kai M. Siegbahn
"for his contribution to the development of high-resolution electron spectroscopy"
Kenichi Fukui and Roald Hoffmann
"for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions"
Roger W. Sperry
"for his discoveries concerning the functional specialization of the cerebral hemispheres"
David H. Hubel and Torsten N. Wiesel
"for their discoveries concerning information processing in the visual system"
Elias Canetti
"for writings marked by a broad outlook, a wealth of ideas and artistic power"
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
James Tobin
"for his analysis of financial markets and their relations to expenditure decisions, employment, production and prices"
1980
James Watson Cronin and Val Logsdon Fitch
"for the discovery of violations of fundamental symmetry principles in the decay of neutral Kmesons"
Paul Berg
"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA"
Walter Gilbert and Frederick Sanger
"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids"
Baruj Benacerraf, Jean Dausset and George D. Snell
"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions"
Czeslaw Milosz
"who with uncompromising clear-sightedness voices man's exposed condition in a world of severe conflicts"
Adolfo Prez Esquivel
Lawrence R. Klein
"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies"
1979
Sheldon Lee Glashow, Abdus Salam and Steven Weinberg
"for their contributions to the theory of the unified weak and electromagnetic interaction between elementary particles, including, inter alia, the prediction of the weak neutral current"
Herbert C. Brown and Georg Wittig
"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis"
Allan M. Cormack and Godfrey N. Hounsfield
"for the development of computer assisted tomography"
Odysseus Elytis
"for his poetry, which, against the background of Greek tradition, depicts with sensuous strength and intellectual clear-sightedness modern man's struggle for freedom and creativeness"
Mother Teresa
Theodore W. Schultz and Sir Arthur Lewis
"for their pioneering research into economic development research with particular consideration of the problems of developing countries"
1978
Pyotr Leonidovich Kapitsa
"for his basic inventions and discoveries in the area of low-temperature physics"
Arno Allan Penzias and Robert Woodrow Wilson
"for their discovery of cosmic microwave background radiation"
Peter D. Mitchell
"for his contribution to the understanding of biological energy transfer through the formulation of the chemiosmotic theory"
Werner Arber, Daniel Nathans and Hamilton O. Smith
"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics"
Isaac Bashevis Singer
"for his impassioned narrative art which, with roots in a Polish-Jewish cultural tradition, brings universal human conditions to life"
Mohamed Anwar al-Sadat Menachem Begin
Herbert A. Simon
"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations"
1977
Philip Warren Anderson, Sir Nevill Francis Mott and John Hasbrouck van Vleck
"for their fundamental theoretical investigations of the electronic structure of magnetic and disordered systems"
Ilya Prigogine
"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures"
Roger Guillemin and Andrew V. Schally
"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain"
Rosalyn Yalow
"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones"
Vicente Aleixandre
"for a creative poetic writing which illuminates man's condition in the cosmos and in present-day society, at the same time representing the great renewal of the traditions of Spanish poetry between the wars"
Amnesty International
Bertil Ohlin and James E. Meade
"for their pathbreaking contribution to the theory of international trade and international capital movements"
1976
Burton Richter and Samuel Chao Chung Ting
"for their pioneering work in the discovery of a heavy elementary particle of a new kind"
William N. Lipscomb
"for his studies on the structure of boranes illuminating problems of chemical bonding"
Baruch S. Blumberg and D. Carleton Gajdusek
"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases"
Saul Bellow
"for the human understanding and subtle analysis of contemporary culture that are combined in his work"
Betty Williams Mairead Corrigan
Milton Friedman
"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy"
1975
Aage Niels Bohr, Ben Roy Mottelson and Leo James Rainwater
"for the discovery of the connection between collective motion and particle motion in atomic nuclei and the development of the theory of the structure of the atomic nucleus based on this connection"
John Warcup Cornforth
"for his work on the stereochemistry of enzyme-catalyzed reactions"

Vladimir Prelog
"for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions"
David Baltimore, Renato Dulbecco and Howard Martin Temin
"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumour viruses and the genetic material of the cell"
Eugenio Montale
"for his distinctive poetry which, with great artistic sensitivity, has interpreted human values under the sign of an outlook on life with no illusions"
Andrei Dmitrievich Sakharov
Leonid Vitaliyevich Kantorovich and Tjalling C. Koopmans
"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources"
1974
Sir Martin Ryle and Antony Hewish
"for their pioneering research in radio astrophysics: Ryle for his observations and inventions, in particular of the aperture synthesis technique, and Hewish for his decisive role in the discovery of pulsars"
Paul J. Flory
"for his fundamental achievements, both theoretical and experimental, in the physical chemistry of the macromolecules"
Albert Claude, Christian de Duve and George E. Palade
"for their discoveries concerning the structural and functional organization of the cell"
Eyvind Johnson
"for a narrative art, far-seeing in lands and ages, in the service of freedom"
Harry Martinson
"for writings that catch the dewdrop and reflect the cosmos"
Sen MacBride Eisaku Sato
Gunnar Myrdal and Friedrich August von Hayek
"for their pioneering work in the theory of money and economic fluctuations and for their penetrating analysis of the interdependence of economic, social and institutional phenomena"
1973
Leo Esaki and Ivar Giaever
"for their experimental discoveries regarding tunneling phenomena in semiconductors and superconductors, respectively"
Brian David Josephson
"for his theoretical predictions of the properties of a supercurrent through a tunnel barrier, in particular those phenomena which are generally known as the Josephson effects"
Ernst Otto Fischer and Geoffrey Wilkinson
"for their pioneering work, performed independently, on the chemistry of the organometallic, so called sandwich compounds"
Karl von Frisch, Konrad Lorenz and Nikolaas Tinbergen
"for their discoveries concerning organization and elicitation of individual and social behaviour patterns"
Patrick White
"for an epic and psychological narrative art which has introduced a new continent into literature"
Henry A. Kissinger Le Duc Tho
Wassily Leontief
"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems"
1972
John Bardeen, Leon Neil Cooper and John Robert Schrieffer
"for their jointly developed theory of superconductivity, usually called the BCS-theory"
Christian B. Anfinsen
"for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation"
Stanford Moore and William H. Stein
"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active centre of the ribonuclease molecule"
Gerald M. Edelman and Rodney R. Porter
"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies"
Heinrich Bll
"for his writing which through its combination of a broad perspective on his time and a sensitive skill in characterization has contributed to a renewal of German literature"
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money for 1972 was allocated to the Main Fund.
John R. Hicks and Kenneth J. Arrow
"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory"
1971
Dennis Gabor
"for his invention and development of the holographic method"
Gerhard Herzberg
"for his contributions to the knowledge of electronic structure and geometry of molecules, particularly free radicals"
Earl W. Sutherland, Jr.
"for his discoveries concerning the mechanisms of the action of hormones"
Pablo Neruda
"for a poetry that with the action of an elemental force brings alive a continent's destiny and dreams"
Willy Brandt
Simon Kuznets
"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development"
1970
Hannes Olof Gsta Alfvn
"for fundamental work and discoveries in magnetohydro- dynamics with fruitful applications in different parts of plasma physics"
Louis Eugne Flix Nel
"for fundamental work and discoveries concerning antiferromagnetism and ferrimagnetism which have led to important applications in solid state physics"
Luis F. Leloir
"for his discovery of sugar nucleotides and their role in the biosynthesis of carbohydrates"
Sir Bernard Katz, Ulf von Euler and Julius Axelrod
"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmittors in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation"
Aleksandr Isayevich Solzhenitsyn
"for the ethical force with which he has pursued the indispensable traditions of Russian literature"
Norman E. Borlaug
Paul A. Samuelson
"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science"
1969
Murray Gell-Mann
"for his contributions and discoveries concerning the classification of elementary particles and their interactions"
Derek H. R. Barton and Odd Hassel
"for their contributions to the development of the concept of conformation and its application in chemistry"
Max Delbrck, Alfred D. Hershey and Salvador E. Luria
"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses"
Samuel Beckett
"for his writing, which - in new forms for the novel and drama - in the destitution of modern man acquires its elevation"
International Labour Organization (I.L.O.)
Ragnar Frisch and Jan Tinbergen
"for having developed and applied dynamic models for the analysis of economic processes"
1968
Luis Walter Alvarez
"for his decisive contributions to elementary particle physics, in particular the discovery of a large number of resonance states, made possible through his development of the technique of using hydrogen bubble chamber and data analysis"
Lars Onsager
"for the discovery of the reciprocal relations bearing his name, which are fundamental for the thermodynamics of irreversible processes"
Robert W. Holley, Har Gobind Khorana and Marshall W. Nirenberg
"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis"
Yasunari Kawabata
"for his narrative mastery, which with great sensibility expresses the essence of the Japanese mind"
Ren Cassin
1967
Hans Albrecht Bethe
"for his contributions to the theory of nuclear reactions, especially his discoveries concerning the energy production in stars"
Manfred Eigen, Ronald George Wreyford Norrish and George Porter
"for their studies of extremely fast chemical reactions, effected by disturbing the equlibrium by means of very short pulses of energy"
Ragnar Granit, Haldan Keffer Hartline and George Wald
"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye"
Miguel Angel Asturias
"for his vivid literary achievement, deep-rooted in the national traits and traditions of Indian peoples of Latin America"
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was with 1/3 allocated to the Main Fund and with 2/3 to the Special Fund of this prize section.
1966
Alfred Kastler
"for the discovery and development of optical methods for studying Hertzian resonances in atoms"
Robert S. Mulliken
"for his fundamental work concerning chemical bonds and the electronic structure of molecules by the molecular orbital method"
Peyton Rous
"for his discovery of tumour-inducing viruses"

Charles Brenton Huggins
"for his discoveries concerning hormonal treatment of prostatic cancer"
Shmuel Yosef Agnon
"for his profoundly characteristic narrative art with motifs from the life of the Jewish people"
Nelly Sachs
"for her outstanding lyrical and dramatic writing, which interprets Israel's destiny with touching strength"
No Nobel Prize was awarded this year. The prize money was allocated to the Special Fund of this prize section.
1965
Sin-Itiro Tomonaga, Julian Schwinger and Richard P. Feynman
"for their fundamental work in quantum electrodynamics, with deep-ploughing consequences for the physics of elementary particles"
Robert Burns Woodward
"for his outstanding achievements in the art of organic synthesis"
Franois Jacob, Andr Lwoff and Jacques Monod
"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis"
Mikhail Aleksandrovich Sholokhov
"for the artistic power and integrity with which, in his epic of the Don, he has given expression to a historic phase in the life of the Russian people"
United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF)
1964
Charles Hard Townes, Nicolay Gennadiyevich Basov and Aleksandr Mikhailovich Prokhorov
"for fundamental work in the field of quantum electronics, which has led to the construction of oscillators and amplifiers based on the maser-laser principle"
Dorothy Crowfoot Hodgkin
"for her determinations by X-ray techniques of the structures of important biochemical substances"
Konrad Bloch and Feodor Lynen
"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism"
Jean-Paul Sartre
"for his work which, rich in ideas and filled with the spirit of freedom and the quest for truth, has exerted a far-reaching influence on our age"
Martin Luther King Jr.
1963
Eugene Paul Wigner
"for his contributions to the theory of the atomic nucleus and the elementary particles, particularly through the discovery and application of fundamental symmetry principles"
Maria Goeppert Mayer and J. Hans D. Jensen
"for their discoveries concerning nuclear shell structure"
Karl Ziegler and Giulio Natta
"for their discoveries in the field of the chemistry and technology of high polymers"
Sir John Carew Eccles, Alan Lloyd Hodgkin and Andrew Fielding Huxley
"for their discoveries concerning the ionic mechanisms involved in excitation and inhibition in the peripheral and central portions of the nerve cell membrane"
Giorgos Seferis
"for his eminent lyrical writing, inspired by a deep feeling for the Hellenic world of culture"
Comit international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross) Ligue des Socits de la Croix-Rouge (League of Red Cross Societies)
1962
Lev Davidovich Landau
"for his pioneering theories for condensed matter, especially liquid helium"
Max Ferdinand Perutz and John Cowdery Kendrew
"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins"
Francis Harry Compton Crick, James Dewey Watson and Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins
"for their discoveries concerning the molecular structure of nucleic acids and its significance for information transfer in living material"
John Steinbeck
"for his realistic and imaginative writings, combining as they do sympathetic humour and keen social perception"
Linus Carl Pauling
1961
Robert Hofstadter
"for his pioneering studies of electron scattering in atomic nuclei and for his thereby achieved discoveries concerning the structure of the nucleons"
Rudolf Ludwig Mssbauer
"for his researches concerning the resonance absorption of gamma radiation and his discovery in this connection of the effect which bears his name"
Melvin Calvin
"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants"
Georg von Bksy
"for his discoveries of the physical mechanism of stimulation within the cochlea"
Ivo Andric
"for the epic force with which he has traced themes and depicted human destinies drawn from the history of his country"
Dag Hjalmar Agne Carl Hammarskjld
1960
Donald Arthur Glaser
"for the invention of the bubble chamber"
Willard Frank Libby
"for his method to use carbon-14 for age determination in archaeology, geology, geophysics, and other branches of science"
Sir Frank Macfarlane Burnet and Peter Brian Medawar
"for discovery of acquired immunological tolerance"
Saint-John Perse
"for the soaring flight and the evocative imagery of his poetry which in a visionary fashion reflects the conditions of our time"
Albert John Lutuli
1959
Emilio Gino Segr and Owen Chamberlain
"for their discovery of the antiproton"
Jaroslav Heyrovsky
"for his discovery and development of the polarographic methods of analysis"
Severo Ochoa and Arthur Kornberg
"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid"
Salvatore Quasimodo
"for his lyrical poetry, which with classical fire expresses the tragic experience of life in our own times"
Philip J. Noel-Baker
1958
Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov, Ilja Mikhailovich Frank and Igor Yevgenyevich Tamm
"for the discovery and the interpretation of the Cherenkov effect"
Frederick Sanger
"for his work on the structure of proteins, especially that of insulin"
George Wells Beadle and Edward Lawrie Tatum
"for their discovery that genes act by regulating definite chemical events"
Joshua Lederberg
"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria"
Boris Leonidovich Pasternak
"for his important achievement both in contemporary lyrical poetry and in the field of the great Russian epic tradition"
Georges Pire
1957
Chen Ning Yang and Tsung-Dao (T.D.) Lee
"for their penetrating investigation of the so-called parity laws which has led to important discoveries regarding the elementary particles"
Lord (Alexander R.) Todd
"for his work on nucleotides and nucleotide co-enzymes"
Daniel Bovet
"for his discoveries relating to synthetic compounds that inhibit the action of certain body substances, and especially their action on the vascular system and the skeletal muscles"
Albert Camus
"for his important literary production, which with clear-sighted earnestness illuminates the problems of the human conscience in our times"
Lester Bowles Pearson
1956
William Bradford Shockley, John Bardeen and Walter Houser Brattain
"for their researches on semiconductors and their discovery of the transistor effect"
Sir Cyril Norman Hinshelwood and Nikolay Nikolaevich Semenov
"for their researches into the mechanism of chemical reactions"
Andr Frdric Cournand, Werner Forssmann and Dickinson W. Richards
"for their discoveries concerning heart catheterization and pathological changes in the circulatory system"
Juan Ramn Jimnez
"for his lyrical poetry, which in Spanish language constitutes an example of high spirit and artistical purity"
1955
Willis Eugene Lamb
"for his discoveries concerning the fine structure of the hydrogen spectrum"
Polykarp Kusch
"for his precision determination of the magnetic moment of the electron"
Vincent du Vigneaud
"for his work on biochemically important sulphur compounds, especially for the first synthesis of a polypeptide hormone"
Axel Hugo Theodor Theorell
"for his discoveries concerning the nature and mode of action of oxidation enzymes"
Halldr Kiljan Laxness
"for his vivid epic power which has renewed the great narrative art of Iceland"
1954
Max Born
"for his fundamental research in quantum mechanics, especially for his statistical interpretation of the wavefunction"
Walther Bothe
"for the coincidence method and his discoveries made therewith"
Linus Carl Pauling
"for his research into the nature of the chemical bond and its application to the elucidation of the structure of complex substances"
John Franklin Enders, Thomas Huckle Weller and Frederick Chapman Robbins
"for their discovery of the ability of poliomyelitis viruses to grow in cultures of various types of tissue"
Ernest Miller Hemingway
"for his mastery of the art of narrative, most recently demonstrated in The Old Man and the Sea, and for the influence that he has exerted on contemporary style"
Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR)
1953
Frits (Frederik) Zernike
"for his demonstration of the phase contrast method, especially for his invention of the phase contrast microscope"
Hermann Staudinger
"for his discoveries in the field of macromolecular chemistry"
Hans Adolf Krebs
"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle"

Fritz Albert Lipmann
"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism"
Sir Winston Leonard Spencer Churchill
"for his mastery of historical and biographical description as well as for brilliant oratory in defending exalted human values"
George Catlett Marshall
1952
Felix Bloch and Edward Mills Purcell
"for their development of new methods for nuclear magnetic precision measurements and discoveries in connection therewith"
Archer John Porter Martin and Richard Laurence Millington Synge
"for their invention of partition chromatography"
Selman Abraham Waksman
"for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis"
Franois Mauriac
"for the deep spiritual insight and the artistic intensity with which he has in his novels penetrated the drama of human life"
Albert Schweitzer
1951
Sir John Douglas Cockcroft and Ernest Thomas Sinton Walton
"for their pioneer work on the transmutation of atomic nuclei by artificially accelerated atomic particles"
Edwin Mattison McMillan and Glenn Theodore Seaborg
"for their discoveries in the chemistry of the transuranium elements"
Max Theiler
"for his discoveries concerning yellow fever and how to combat it"
Pr Fabian Lagerkvist
"for the artistic vigour and true independence of mind with which he endeavours in his poetry to find answers to the eternal questions confronting mankind"
Lon Jouhaux
1950
Cecil Frank Powell
"for his development of the photographic method of studying nuclear processes and his discoveries regarding mesons made with this method"
Otto Paul Hermann Diels and Kurt Alder
"for their discovery and development of the diene synthesis"
Edward Calvin Kendall, Tadeus Reichstein and Philip Showalter Hench
"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects"
Earl (Bertrand Arthur William) Russell
"in recognition of his varied and significant writings in which he champions humanitarian ideals and freedom of thought"
Ralph Bunche
1949
Hideki Yukawa
"for his prediction of the existence of mesons on the basis of theoretical work on nuclear forces"
William Francis Giauque
"for his contributions in the field of chemical thermodynamics, particularly concerning the behaviour of substances at extremely low temperatures"
Walter Rudolf Hess
"for his discovery of the functional organization of the interbrain as a coordinator of the activities of the internal organs"
Antonio Caetano de Abreu Freire Egas Moniz
"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of leucotomy in certain psychoses"
William Faulkner
"for his powerful and artistically unique contribution to the modern American novel"
Lord (John) Boyd Orr of Brechin
1948
Patrick Maynard Stuart Blackett
"for his development of the Wilson cloud chamber method, and his discoveries therewith in the fields of nuclear physics and cosmic radiation"
Arne Wilhelm Kaurin Tiselius
"for his research on electrophoresis and adsorption analysis, especially for his discoveries concerning the complex nature of the serum proteins"
Paul Hermann Mller
"for his discovery of the high efficiency of DDT as a contact poison against several arthropods"
Thomas Stearns Eliot
"for his outstanding, pioneer contribution to present-day poetry"
1947
Sir Edward Victor Appleton
"for his investigations of the physics of the upper atmosphere especially for the discovery of the so-called Appleton layer"
Sir Robert Robinson
"for his investigations on plant products of biological importance, especially the alkaloids"
Carl Ferdinand Cori and Gerty Theresa Cori, ne Radnitz
"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen"

Bernardo Alberto Houssay
"for his discovery of the part played by the hormone of the anterior pituitary lobe in the metabolism of sugar"
Andr Paul Guillaume Gide
"for his comprehensive and artistically significant writings, in which human problems and conditions have been presented with a fearless love of truth and keen psychological insight"
Friends Service Council (The Quakers) American Friends Service Committee (The Quakers)
1946
Percy Williams Bridgman
"for the invention of an apparatus to produce extremely high pressures, and for the discoveries he made therewith in the field of high pressure physics"
James Batcheller Sumner
"for his discovery that enzymes can be crystallized"

John Howard Northrop and Wendell Meredith Stanley
"for their preparation of enzymes and virus proteins in a pure form"
Hermann Joseph Muller
"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation"
Hermann Hesse
"for his inspired writings which, while growing in boldness and penetration, exemplify the classical humanitarian ideals and high qualities of style"
Emily Greene Balch John Raleigh Mott
1945
Wolfgang Pauli
"for the discovery of the Exclusion Principle, also called the Pauli Principle"
Artturi Ilmari Virtanen
"for his research and inventions in agricultural and nutrition chemistry, especially for his fodder preservation method"
Sir Alexander Fleming, Ernst Boris Chain and Sir Howard Walter Florey
"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases"
Gabriela Mistral
"for her lyric poetry which, inspired by powerful emotions, has made her name a symbol of the idealistic aspirations of the entire Latin American world"
Cordell Hull
1944
Isidor Isaac Rabi
"for his resonance method for recording the magnetic properties of atomic nuclei"
Otto Hahn
"for his discovery of the fission of heavy nuclei"
Joseph Erlanger and Herbert Spencer Gasser
"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibres"
Johannes Vilhelm Jensen
"for the rare strength and fertility of his poetic imagination with which is combined an intellectual curiosity of wide scope and a bold, freshly creative style"
Comit international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross)
1943
Otto Stern
"for his contribution to the development of the molecular ray method and his discovery of the magnetic moment of the proton"
George de Hevesy
"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes"
Henrik Carl Peter Dam
"for his discovery of vitamin K"

Edward Adelbert Doisy
"for his discovery of the chemical nature of vitamin K"
1942
1941
1940
1939
Ernest Orlando Lawrence
"for the invention and development of the cyclotron and for results obtained with it, especially with regard to artificial radioactive elements"
Adolf Friedrich Johann Butenandt
"for his work on sex hormones"
Leopold Ruzicka
"for his work on polymethylenes and higher terpenes"
Gerhard Domagk
"for the discovery of the antibacterial effects of prontosil"
Frans Eemil Sillanp
"for his deep understanding of his country's peasantry and the exquisite art with which he has portrayed their way of life and their relationship with Nature"
1938
Enrico Fermi
"for his demonstrations of the existence of new radioactive elements produced by neutron irradiation, and for his related discovery of nuclear reactions brought about by slow neutrons"
Richard Kuhn
"for his work on carotenoids and vitamins"
Corneille Jean Franois Heymans
"for the discovery of the role played by the sinus and aortic mechanisms in the regulation of respiration"
Pearl Buck
"for her rich and truly epic descriptions of peasant life in China and for her biographical masterpieces"
Office international Nansen pour les Rfugis (Nansen International Office for Refugees)
1937
Clinton Joseph Davisson and George Paget Thomson
"for their experimental discovery of the diffraction of electrons by crystals"
Walter Norman Haworth
"for his investigations on carbohydrates and vitamin C"

Paul Karrer
"for his investigations on carotenoids, flavins and vitamins A and B2"
Albert von Szent-Gyrgyi Nagyrpolt
"for his discoveries in connection with the biological combustion processes, with special reference to vitamin C and the catalysis of fumaric acid"
Roger Martin du Gard
"for the artistic power and truth with which he has depicted human conflict as well as some fundamental aspects of contemporary life in his novel-cycle Les Thibault"
Cecil of Chelwood, Viscount (Lord Edgar Algernon Robert Gascoyne Cecil)
1936
Victor Franz Hess
"for his discovery of cosmic radiation"

Carl David Anderson
"for his discovery of the positron"
Petrus (Peter) Josephus Wilhelmus Debye
"for his contributions to our knowledge of molecular structure through his investigations on dipole moments and on the diffraction of X-rays and electrons in gases"
Sir Henry Hallett Dale and Otto Loewi
"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses"
Eugene Gladstone O'Neill
"for the power, honesty and deep-felt emotions of his dramatic works, which embody an original concept of tragedy"
Carlos Saavedra Lamas
1935
James Chadwick
"for the discovery of the neutron"
Frdric Joliot and Irne Joliot-Curie
"in recognition of their synthesis of new radioactive elements"
Hans Spemann
"for his discovery of the organizer effect in embryonic development"
Carl von Ossietzky
1934
Harold Clayton Urey
"for his discovery of heavy hydrogen"
George Hoyt Whipple, George Richards Minot and William Parry Murphy
"for their discoveries concerning liver therapy in cases of anaemia"
Luigi Pirandello
"for his bold and ingenious revival of dramatic and scenic art"
Arthur Henderson
1933
Erwin Schrdinger and Paul Adrien Maurice Dirac
"for the discovery of new productive forms of atomic theory"
Thomas Hunt Morgan
"for his discoveries concerning the role played by the chromosome in heredity"
Ivan Alekseyevich Bunin
"for the strict artistry with which he has carried on the classical Russian traditions in prose writing"
Sir Norman Angell (Ralph Lane)
1932
Werner Karl Heisenberg
"for the creation of quantum mechanics, the application of which has, inter alia, led to the discovery of the allotropic forms of hydrogen"
Irving Langmuir
"for his discoveries and investigations in surface chemistry"
Sir Charles Scott Sherrington and Edgar Douglas Adrian
"for their discoveries regarding the functions of neurons"
John Galsworthy
"for his distinguished art of narration which takes its highest form in The Forsyte Saga"
1931
Carl Bosch and Friedrich Bergius
"in recognition of their contributions to the invention and development of chemical high pressure methods"
Otto Heinrich Warburg
"for his discovery of the nature and mode of action of the respiratory enzyme"
Erik Axel Karlfeldt
"The poetry of Erik Axel Karlfeldt"
Jane Addams Nicholas Murray Butler
1930
Sir Chandrasekhara Venkata Raman
"for his work on the scattering of light and for the discovery of the effect named after him"
Hans Fischer
"for his researches into the constitution of haemin and chlorophyll and especially for his synthesis of haemin"
Karl Landsteiner
"for his discovery of human blood groups"
Sinclair Lewis
"for his vigorous and graphic art of description and his ability to create, with wit and humour, new types of characters"
Lars Olof Jonathan (Nathan) Sderblom
1929
Prince Louis-Victor Pierre Raymond de Broglie
"for his discovery of the wave nature of electrons"
Arthur Harden and Hans Karl August Simon von Euler-Chelpin
"for their investigations on the fermentation of sugar and fermentative enzymes"
Christiaan Eijkman
"for his discovery of the antineuritic vitamin"

Sir Frederick Gowland Hopkins
"for his discovery of the growth-stimulating vitamins"
Thomas Mann
"principally for his great novel, Buddenbrooks, which has won steadily increased recognition as one of the classic works of contemporary literature"
Frank Billings Kellogg
1928
Owen Willans Richardson
"for his work on the thermionic phenomenon and especially for the discovery of the law named after him"
Adolf Otto Reinhold Windaus
"for the services rendered through his research into the constitution of the sterols and their connection with the vitamins"
Charles Jules Henri Nicolle
"for his work on typhus"
Sigrid Undset
"principally for her powerful descriptions of Northern life during the Middle Ages"
1927
Arthur Holly Compton
"for his discovery of the effect named after him"

Charles Thomson Rees Wilson
"for his method of making the paths of electrically charged particles visible by condensation of vapour"
Heinrich Otto Wieland
"for his investigations of the constitution of the bile acids and related substances"
Julius Wagner-Jauregg
"for his discovery of the therapeutic value of malaria inoculation in the treatment of dementia paralytica"
Henri Bergson
"in recognition of his rich and vitalizing ideas and the brilliant skill with which they have been presented"
Ferdinand Buisson Ludwig Quidde
1926
Jean Baptiste Perrin
"for his work on the discontinuous structure of matter, and especially for his discovery of sedimentation equilibrium"
The (Theodor) Svedberg
"for his work on disperse systems"
Johannes Andreas Grib Fibiger
"for his discovery of the Spiroptera carcinoma"
Grazia Deledda
"for her idealistically inspired writings which with plastic clarity picture the life on her native island and with depth and sympathy deal with human problems in general"
Aristide Briand Gustav Stresemann
1925
James Franck and Gustav Ludwig Hertz
"for their discovery of the laws governing the impact of an electron upon an atom"
Richard Adolf Zsigmondy
"for his demonstration of the heterogenous nature of colloid solutions and for the methods he used, which have since become fundamental in modern colloid chemistry"
George Bernard Shaw
"for his work which is marked by both idealism and humanity, its stimulating satire often being infused with a singular poetic beauty"
Sir Austen Chamberlain Charles Gates Dawes
1924
Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn
"for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy"
Willem Einthoven
"for his discovery of the mechanism of the electrocardiogram"
Wladyslaw Stanislaw Reymont
"for his great national epic, The Peasants"
1923
Robert Andrews Millikan
"for his work on the elementary charge of electricity and on the photoelectric effect"
Fritz Pregl
"for his invention of the method of micro-analysis of organic substances"
Frederick Grant Banting and John James Rickard Macleod
"for the discovery of insulin"
William Butler Yeats
"for his always inspired poetry, which in a highly artistic form gives expression to the spirit of a whole nation"
1922
Niels Henrik David Bohr
"for his services in the investigation of the structure of atoms and of the radiation emanating from them"
Francis William Aston
"for his discovery, by means of his mass spectrograph, of isotopes, in a large number of nonradioactive elements, and for his enunciation of the whole-number rule"
Archibald Vivian Hill
"for his discovery relating to the production of heat in the muscle"

Otto Fritz Meyerhof
"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle"
Jacinto Benavente
"for the happy manner in which he has continued the illustrious traditions of the Spanish drama"
Fridtjof Nansen
1921
Albert Einstein
"for his services to Theoretical Physics, and especially for his discovery of the law of the photoelectric effect"
Frederick Soddy
"for his contributions to our knowledge of the chemistry of radioactive substances, and his investigations into the origin and nature of isotopes"
Anatole France
"in recognition of his brilliant literary achievements, characterized as they are by a nobility of style, a profound human sympathy, grace, and a true Gallic temperament"
Karl Hjalmar Branting Christian Lous Lange
1920
Charles Edouard Guillaume
"in recognition of the service he has rendered to precision measurements in Physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys"
Walther Hermann Nernst
"in recognition of his work in thermochemistry"
Schack August Steenberg Krogh
"for his discovery of the capillary motor regulating mechanism"
Knut Pedersen Hamsun
"for his monumental work, Growth of the Soil"
Lon Victor Auguste Bourgeois
1919
Johannes Stark
"for his discovery of the Doppler effect in canal rays and the splitting of spectral lines in electric fields"
Jules Bordet
"for his discoveries relating to immunity"
Carl Friedrich Georg Spitteler
"in special appreciation of his epic, Olympian Spring"
Thomas Woodrow Wilson
1918
Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck
"in recognition of the services he rendered to the advancement of Physics by his discovery of energy quanta"
Fritz Haber
"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements"
1917
Charles Glover Barkla
"for his discovery of the characteristic Rntgen radiation of the elements"
Karl Adolph Gjellerup
"for his varied and rich poetry, which is inspired by lofty ideals"
Henrik Pontoppidan
"for his authentic descriptions of present-day life in Denmark"
Comit international de la Croix Rouge (International Committee of the Red Cross)
1916
Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam
"in recognition of his significance as the leading representative of a new era in our literature"
1915
Sir William Henry Bragg and William Lawrence Bragg
"for their services in the analysis of crystal structure by means of X-rays"
Richard Martin Willsttter
"for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll"
Romain Rolland
"as a tribute to the lofty idealism of his literary production and to the sympathy and love of truth with which he has described different types of human beings"
1914
Max von Laue
"for his discovery of the diffraction of X-rays by crystals"
Theodore William Richards
"in recognition of his accurate determinations of the atomic weight of a large number of chemical elements"
Robert Brny
"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus"
1913
Heike Kamerlingh Onnes
"for his investigations on the properties of matter at low temperatures which led, inter alia, to the production of liquid helium"
Alfred Werner
"in recognition of his work on the linkage of atoms in molecules by which he has thrown new light on earlier investigations and opened up new fields of research especially in inorganic chemistry"
Charles Robert Richet
"in recognition of his work on anaphylaxis"
Rabindranath Tagore
"because of his profoundly sensitive, fresh and beautiful verse, by which, with consummate skill, he has made his poetic thought, expressed in his own English words, a part of the literature of the West"
Henri La Fontaine
1912
Nils Gustaf Daln
"for his invention of automatic regulators for use in conjunction with gas accumulators for illuminating lighthouses and buoys"
Victor Grignard
"for the discovery of the so-called Grignard reagent, which in recent years has greatly advanced the progress of organic chemistry"
Paul Sabatier
"for his method of hydrogenating organic compounds in the presence of finely disintegrated metals whereby the progress of organic chemistry has been greatly advanced in recent years"
Alexis Carrel
"in recognition of his work on vascular suture and the transplantation of blood vessels and organs"
Gerhart Johann Robert Hauptmann
"primarily in recognition of his fruitful, varied and outstanding production in the realm of dramatic art"
Elihu Root
1911
Wilhelm Wien
"for his discoveries regarding the laws governing the radiation of heat"
Marie Curie, ne Sklodowska
"in recognition of her services to the advancement of chemistry by the discovery of the elements radium and polonium, by the isolation of radium and the study of the nature and compounds of this remarkable element"
Allvar Gullstrand
"for his work on the dioptrics of the eye"
Count Maurice (Mooris) Polidore Marie Bernhard Maeterlinck
"in appreciation of his many-sided literary activities, and especially of his dramatic works, which are distinguished by a wealth of imagination and by a poetic fancy, which reveals, sometimes in the guise of a fairy tale, a deep inspiration, while in a mysterious way they appeal to the readers' own feelings and stimulate their imaginations"
Tobias Michael Carel Asser
Alfred Hermann Fried
1910
Johannes Diderik van der Waals
"for his work on the equation of state for gases and liquids"
Otto Wallach
"in recognition of his services to organic chemistry and the chemical industry by his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds"
Albrecht Kossel
"in recognition of the contributions to our knowledge of cell chemistry made through his work on proteins, including the nucleic substances"
Paul Johann Ludwig Heyse
"as a tribute to the consummate artistry, permeated with idealism, which he has demonstrated during his long productive career as a lyric poet, dramatist, novelist and writer of worldrenowned short stories"
Bureau international permanent de la Paix (Permanent International Peace Bureau)
1909
Guglielmo Marconi and Karl Ferdinand Braun
"in recognition of their contributions to the development of wireless telegraphy"
Wilhelm Ostwald
"in recognition of his work on catalysis and for his investigations into the fundamental principles governing chemical equilibria and rates of reaction"
Emil Theodor Kocher
"for his work on the physiology, pathology and surgery of the thyroid gland"
Selma Ottilia Lovisa Lagerlf
"in appreciation of the lofty idealism, vivid imagination and spiritual perception that characterize her writings"
Auguste Marie Franois Beernaert Paul Henri Benjamin Balluet d'Estournelles de Constant, Baron de Constant de Rebecque
1908
Gabriel Lippmann
"for his method of reproducing colours photographically based on the phenomenon of interference"
Ernest Rutherford
"for his investigations into the disintegration of the elements, and the chemistry of radioactive substances"
Ilya Ilyich Mechnikov and Paul Ehrlich
"in recognition of their work on immunity"
Rudolf Christoph Eucken
"in recognition of his earnest search for truth, his penetrating power of thought, his wide range of vision, and the warmth and strength in presentation with which in his numerous works he has vindicated and developed an idealistic philosophy of life"
Klas Pontus Arnoldson Fredrik Bajer
1907
Albert Abraham Michelson
"for his optical precision instruments and the spectroscopic and metrological investigations carried out with their aid"
Eduard Buchner
"for his biochemical researches and his discovery of cell-free fermentation"
Charles Louis Alphonse Laveran
"in recognition of his work on the role played by protozoa in causing diseases"
Rudyard Kipling
"in consideration of the power of observation, originality of imagination, virility of ideas and remarkable talent for narration which characterize the creations of this world-famous author"
Ernesto Teodoro Moneta Louis Renault
1906
Joseph John Thomson
"in recognition of the great merits of his theoretical and experimental investigations on the conduction of electricity by gases"
Henri Moissan
"in recognition of the great services rendered by him in his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him"
Camillo Golgi and Santiago Ramn y Cajal
"in recognition of their work on the structure of the nervous system"
Giosu Carducci
"not only in consideration of his deep learning and critical research, but above all as a tribute to the creative energy, freshness of style, and lyrical force which characterize his poetic masterpieces"
Theodore Roosevelt
1905
Philipp Eduard Anton von Lenard
"for his work on cathode rays"
Johann Friedrich Wilhelm Adolf von Baeyer
"in recognition of his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds"
Robert Koch
"for his investigations and discoveries in relation to tuberculosis"
Henryk Sienkiewicz
"because of his outstanding merits as an epic writer"
Baroness Bertha Sophie Felicita von Suttner, ne Countess Kinsky von Chinic und Tettau
1904
Lord Rayleigh (John William Strutt)
"for his investigations of the densities of the most important gases and for his discovery of argon in connection with these studies"
Sir William Ramsay
"in recognition of his services in the discovery of the inert gaseous elements in air, and his determination of their place in the periodic system"
Ivan Petrovich Pavlov
"in recognition of his work on the physiology of digestion, through which knowledge on vital aspects of the subject has been transformed and enlarged"
Frdric Mistral
"in recognition of the fresh originality and true inspiration of his poetic production, which faithfully reflects the natural scenery and native spirit of his people, and, in addition, his significant work as a Provenal philologist"
Jos Echegaray y Eizaguirre
"in recognition of the numerous and brilliant compositions which, in an individual and original manner, have revived the great traditions of the Spanish drama"
Institut de droit international (Institute of International Law)
1903
Antoine Henri Becquerel
"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his discovery of spontaneous radioactivity"
Pierre Curie and Marie Curie, ne Sklodowska
"in recognition of the extraordinary services they have rendered by their joint researches on the radiation phenomena discovered by Professor Henri Becquerel"
Svante August Arrhenius
"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered to the advancement of chemistry by his electrolytic theory of dissociation"
Niels Ryberg Finsen
"in recognition of his contribution to the treatment of diseases, especially lupus vulgaris, with concentrated light radiation, whereby he has opened a new avenue for medical science"
Bjrnstjerne Martinus Bjrnson
"as a tribute to his noble, magnificent and versatile poetry, which has always been distinguished by both the freshness of its inspiration and the rare purity of its spirit"
William Randal Cremer
1902
Hendrik Antoon Lorentz and Pieter Zeeman
"in recognition of the extraordinary service they rendered by their researches into the influence of magnetism upon radiation phenomena"
Hermann Emil Fischer
"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by his work on sugar and purine syntheses"
Ronald Ross
"for his work on malaria, by which he has shown how it enters the organism and thereby has laid the foundation for successful research on this disease and methods of combating it"
Christian Matthias Theodor Mommsen
"the greatest living master of the art of historical writing, with special reference to his monumental work, A history of Rome"
lie Ducommun Charles Albert Gobat
1901
Wilhelm Conrad Rntgen
"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the remarkable rays subsequently named after him"
Jacobus Henricus van 't Hoff
"in recognition of the extraordinary services he has rendered by the discovery of the laws of chemical dynamics and osmotic pressure in solutions"
Emil Adolf von Behring
"for his work on serum therapy, especially its application against diphtheria, by which he has opened a new road in the domain of medical science and thereby placed in the hands of the physician a victorious weapon against illness and deaths"
Sully Prudhomme
"in special recognition of his poetic composition, which gives evidence of lofty idealism, artistic perfection and a rare combination of the qualities of both heart and intellect"
Jean Henry Dunant Frdric Passy
To cite this page MLA style: "All Nobel Prizes". Nobelprize.org. Nobel Media AB 2013. Web. 30 Aug 2013. <http://www.nobelprize.org/nobel_prizes/lists/all/>
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From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For the related biennial prize given to an author of any nationality, see Man Booker International Prize.
Man Booker Prize
Best original full-length novel, written in Awarded the English language, by a citizen of the Commonwealth of Nations, Republic of for Ireland, or Zimbabwe Location Guildhall, London, England Presented Man Group by First 1969 awarded Official themanbookerprize.com website The Man Booker Prize for Fiction is a literary prize awarded each year for the best original full-length novel, written in the English language, by a citizen of the Commonwealth of Nations, Ireland, or Zimbabwe.[1] The winner of the Man Booker Prize is generally assured of international renown and success; therefore, the prize is of great significance for the book trade.[2] The Booker Prize is greeted with great anticipation and fanfare.[3] It is also a mark of distinction for authors to be selected for inclusion in the shortlist or even to be nominated for the "longlist". The 2012 winner, announced on 16 October, was Bring Up the Bodies by Hilary Mantel.
Contents
1 History and administration
1.1 Controversies 2 Judging 3 Winners 4 Related awards 5 Cheltenham Booker Prize 6 See also 7 References 8 Further reading 9 External links
History and administration

The prize was originally known as the Booker-McConnell Prize, after the company BookerMcConnell began sponsoring the event in 1968;[4] it became commonly known as the "Booker Prize" or simply "the Booker." When administration of the prize was transferred to the Booker Prize Foundation in 2002, the title sponsor became the investment company Man Group, which opted to retain "Booker" as part of the official title of the prize. The foundation is an independent registered charity funded by the entire profits of Booker Prize Trading Ltd., of which it is the sole shareholder.[5] The prize money awarded with the Booker Prize was originally 21,000, and was subsequently raised to 50,000 in 2002 under the sponsorship of the Man Group, making it one of the world's richest literary prizes. The rules of the Booker changed in 1971; previously, it had been awarded retrospectively to books published prior to the year in which the award was given. In 1971 the year of eligibility was changed to the same as the year of the award; in effect, this meant that books published in 1970 were not considered for the Booker in either year. The Booker Prize Foundation announced in January 2010 the creation of a special award called the "Lost Man Booker Prize," with the winner chosen from a longlist of 22 novels published in 1970.[6] Alice Munro has a unique place in Booker Prize history; The Beggar Maid is the only short story collection to have been shortlisted, doing so in 1980.[7] Before 2001, each year's longlist of nominees was not publicly revealed.[8] John Sutherland, who was a judge for the 1999 prize, has said,
There is a well-established London literary community. Rushdie doesn't get shortlisted now because he has attacked that community. That is not a good game plan if you want to win the Booker. Norman Mailer has found the same thing in the US you have to 'be a citizen' if you want to win prizes. The real scandal is that [Martin] Amis has never won the prize. In fact, he has only been shortlisted once and that was for Time's Arrow, which was not one of his strongest books. That really is suspicious. He pissed people off with Dead Babies and that gets lodged in the culture. There is also the feeling that he has always looked towards America.[9]
Controversies
In 1972, the winning writer John Berger, known for his Marxist worldview, protested during his acceptance speech against Booker McConnell. He blamed Booker's 130 years of sugar production in the Caribbean for the region's modern poverty.[10][11] Berger donated half of his 5,000 prize to the British Black Panther movement, because they had a socialist and revolutionary perspective in agreement with his own.[4][10][12] In 1980, Anthony Burgess, writer of Earthly Powers, refused to attend the ceremony unless it was confirmed to him in advance whether he had won.[4] His was one of two books considered likely to win, the other being Rites of Passage by William Golding. The judges decided only 30 minutes before the ceremony, giving the prize to Golding. Both novels had been seen as favourites to win leading up to the prize and the dramatic "literary battle" between two senior writers made front page news.[4][13] 1983's judging produced a draw between J. M. Coetzee's Life & Times of Michael K and Salman Rushdie's Shame, leaving chair of judges Fay Weldon to choose between the two. According to Stephen Moss in The Guardian, "Her arm was bent and she chose Rushdie" only to change her mind as the result was being phoned through.[9] In 1993, two of the judges threatened to walk out when Trainspotting appeared on the longlist; Irvine Welsh's cult classic was pulled from the shortlist to satisfy them.[14] The award has been criticised for the types of books it covers. In 1981, nominee John Banville wrote a letter to The Guardian requesting that the prize be given to him so that he could use the money to buy every copy of the longlisted books in Ireland and donate them to libraries, "thus ensuring that the books not only are bought but also read surely a unique occurrence."[4][15] In 1994, journalist Richard Gott described the prize as "a significant and dangerous iceberg in the sea of British culture that serves as a symbol of its current malaise."[4][16] In 2001, A. L. Kennedy, who was a judge in 1996, called the prize "a pile of crooked nonsense" with the winner determined by "who knows who, who's sleeping with who, who's selling drugs to who, who's married to who, whose turn it is".[9] In 1997, the decision to award Arundhati Roy's The God of Small Things proved controversial. Carmen Callil, chair of the previous year's Booker judges, called it an "execrable" book and was seen on television saying it shouldn't even have been on the shortlist. Booker Prize chairman Martyn Goff said Roy won because nobody objected, following the rejection by the judges of Bernard MacLaverty's shortlisted book due to their dismissal of him as "a wonderful short-story writer and that Grace Notes was three short stories strung together."[17] In the mid-2000s, the Booker Prize was passed around between Ireland and India, giving the impression that the literatures of these countries were more fashionable than ever. "Outsider" John Banville began this trend in 2005 when his novel The Sea was selected, a decision greeted with shock and derision in England's famed London literary circle.[18] Boyd Tonkin, literary
editor of The Independent, famously condemned it as "possibly the most perverse decision in the history of the award" and bitter rival novelist Tibor Fischer poured scorn on Banville's victory.[19] Kiran Desai of India won in 2006. Anne Enright's 2007 victory came about due to a jury badly split over Ian McEwan's novel On Chesil Beach. The following year it was India's turn again, with Aravind Adiga narrowly defeating Enright's fellow Irishman Sebastian Barry.[20]
Judging
The selection process for the winner of the prize commences with the formation of an advisory committee which includes a writer, two publishers, a literary agent, a bookseller, a librarian, and a chairperson appointed by the Booker Prize Foundation. The advisory committee then selects the judging panel, the membership of which changes each year, although on rare occasions a judge may be selected a second time. Judges are selected from amongst leading literary critics, writers, academics and leading public figures. The winner is usually announced at a ceremony in London's Guildhall, usually in early October.
Winners
See also: List of winners and shortlisted authors of the Booker Prize for Fiction In 1993 to mark the 25th anniversary it was decided to choose a Booker of Bookers Prize. Three previous judges of the award, Malcolm Bradbury, David Holloway and W. L. Webb, met and chose Salman Rushdie's Midnight's Children (the 1981 winner) as "the best novel out of all the winners."[21] A similar prize known as The Best of the Booker was awarded in 2008 to celebrate the 40th anniversary of the prize. A shortlist of six winners was chosen and the decision was left to a public vote. The winner was again Midnight's Children.[22][23] Year Author Title Something to Answer For The Elected Member Troubles Genre(s) Novel Novel Novel Nationality United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom Ireland United Kingdom Trinidad and Tobago United Kingdom
1969 P. H. Newby 1970 Bernice Rubens 1970[a] J. G. Farrell
1971 V. S. Naipaul
In a Free State
Short story
1972 John Berger
G.
Experimental novel
Year
Author
Title The Siege of Krishnapur Novel Novel Novel
Genre(s)
1973 J. G. Farrell
Nadine Gordimer The Conservationist 1974 Stanley Holiday Middleton 1975 Ruth Prawer Jhabvala Heat and Dust Saville Staying On The Sea, the Sea Offshore
Historical novel Novel Novel Philosophical novel Novel Novel Magical realism
1976 David Storey 1977 Paul Scott 1978 Iris Murdoch 1979 Penelope Fitzgerald
1980 William Golding Rites of Passage 1981 Salman Rushdie Midnight's Children
1982 Thomas Keneally Schindler's Ark Biographical novel Life & Times of Michael 1983 J. M. Coetzee Novel K 1984 Anita Brookner 1985 Keri Hulme 1986 Kingsley Amis 1987 Penelope Lively 1988 Peter Carey 1989 Kazuo Ishiguro 1990 A. S. Byatt 1991 Ben Okri Hotel du Lac The Bone People The Old Devils Moon Tiger Oscar and Lucinda Novel Mystery novel Comic novel Novel Novel
Nationality United Kingdom Ireland South Africa United Kingdom United Kingdom Germany United Kingdom United Kingdom Ireland United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom India Australia South Africa United Kingdom New Zealand United Kingdom United Kingdom Australia United Kingdom United Kingdom Nigeria Canada
The Remains of the Day Historical novel Possession The Famished Road Historical novel Magic realism Historiographic metafiction
1992 Michael Ondaatje The English Patient
Year
Author Barry Unsworth
Title Sacred Hunger
Genre(s) Historical novel
1993 Roddy Doyle 1994 James Kelman 1995 Pat Barker 1996 Graham Swift 1997 Arundhati Roy 1998 Ian McEwan
Paddy Clarke Ha Ha Ha Novel How Late It Was, How Stream of Late consciousness The Ghost Road Last Orders War novel Novel
The God of Small Things Novel Amsterdam Novel
1999 J. M. Coetzee Disgrace Novel 2000 Margaret Atwood The Blind Assassin Historical novel True History of the Kelly 2001 Peter Carey Historical novel Gang Fantasy and adventure 2002 Yann Martel Life of Pi novel 2003 DBC Pierre Vernon God Little Black comedy 2004 Alan Hollinghurst The Line of Beauty 2005 2006 2007 2008 John Banville Kiran Desai Anne Enright Aravind Adiga The Sea The Inheritance of Loss The Gathering The White Tiger Wolf Hall Historical novel Novel Novel Novel Novel Historical novel Comic novel
Nationality United Kingdom Ireland United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom India United Kingdom South Africa Canada Australia Canada Australia United Kingdom Ireland India Ireland India United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom United Kingdom TBC
2009 Hilary Mantel
2010 Howard Jacobson The Finkler Question 2011 Julian Barnes 2012 Hilary Mantel 2013 TBC
The Sense of an Ending Novel Bring Up the Bodies TBC Historical novel TBC
1. ^ In 1971, the nature of the Prize was changed so that it was awarded to novels published in that year instead of in the previous year; therefore, no novel published in 1970 could win the Booker Prize. This was rectified in 2010 by the awarding of the "Lost Man Booker Prize" to J. G. Farrell's Troubles.[24]
Related awards
A separate prize for which any living writer in the world may qualify, the Man Booker International Prize, was inaugurated in 2005 and is awarded biennially. A Russian version of the Booker Prize was created in 1992 called the Booker-Open Russia Literary Prize, also known as the Russian Booker Prize. In 2007, Man Group plc established the Man Asian Literary Prize, an annual literary award given to the best novel by an Asian writer, either written in English or translated into English, and published in the previous calendar year.
Cheltenham Booker Prize

As part of The Times' Literature Festival in Cheltenham, a Booker event is held on the last Saturday of the festival. Four guest speakers/judges debate a shortlist of four books from a given year from before the introduction of the Booker prize, and a winner is chosen. Unlike the real Man Booker, writers from outside the Commonwealth are also considered. In 2008, the winner for 1948 was Alan Paton's Cry, the Beloved Country, beating Norman Mailer's The Naked and the Dead, Graham Greene's The Heart of the Matter and Evelyn Waugh's The Loved One.
See also

List of British literary awards List of literary awards The Commonwealth Writers Prize The Costa Book Awards The Prix Goncourt Governor General's Awards The Scotiabank Giller Prize The Miles Franklin Award Russian Booker Prize The Samuel Johnson Prize (non-fiction)
References
1. ^ "Booker Prize: rules & entry form". bookerprize.com. Retrieved 18 October 2012. 2. ^ "The Booker's Big Bang". New Statesman. 9 October 2008. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 3. ^ Hoover, Bob (10 February 2008). "'Gathering' storm clears for prize winner Enright". Pittsburgh Post-Gazette. Retrieved 10 February 2008. "In America, literary prizes are greeted with the same enthusiasm as a low Steelers draft choice. Not so in the British Isles, where the $98,000 Man Booker Fiction Prize can even push Amy Winehouse off the front page at least for a day. The atmosphere around the award approaches sportschampionship proportions, with London bookies posting the ever-changing odds on the nominees. Then, in October when the winner is announced live on the BBC TV evening news, somebody always gets ticked off."
4. ^ a b c d e f "Man Booker Prize: a history of controversy, criticism and literary greats". The Guardian (Guardian Media Group). 18 October 2011. Retrieved 18 October 2011. 5. ^ "Booker Prize: legal information". bookerprize.com. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 6. ^ "The Lost Man Booker Prize announced". bookerprize.com. Retrieved 31 January 2010. 7. ^ "Dear Life: Stories by Alice Munro (Chatto & Windus, November)". The Guardian (Guardian Media Group). 13 July 2012. Retrieved 13 July 2012. "As the only writer to sneak on to the Booker shortlist for a collection of short stories (with The Beggar Maid in 1980), Alice Munro easily deserves to end our list of the year's best fiction." 8. ^ Yates, Emma (15 August 2001). "Booker Prize longlist announced for first time". The Guardian (Guardian Media Group). Retrieved 15 August 2001. 9. ^ a b c Moss, Stephen (18 September 2001). "Is the Booker fixed?". The Guardian (Guardian Media Group). Retrieved 18 September 2001. 10. ^ a b White, Michael (25 November 1972). "Berger's black bread". The Guardian (Guardian Media Group). p.11 11. ^ [1], John Berger on the Booker Prize (1972). 12. ^ Speech by John Berger on accepting the Booker Prize for Fiction at the Caf Royal in London on 23 November 1972. 13. ^ "Lord of the novel wins the Booker prize". The Guardian (Guardian Media Group). 22 October 1980. p.1 14. ^ Bissett, Alan (27 July 2012). "The unnoticed bias of the Booker prize". The Guardian. Retrieved 27 July 2012. 15. ^ "A novel way of striking a 12,000 Booker Prize bargain", The Guardian, 14 October 1981, p.14 16. ^ "Novel way to run a lottery". The Guardian (Guardian Media Group). 5 September 1994. p.22 17. ^ Glaister, Dan (14 October 1997). "Popularity pays off for Roy". The Guardian. 18. ^ Ezard, John (11 October 2005). "Irish stylist springs Booker surprise". The Guardian. Retrieved 11 October 2005. 19. ^ Crown, Sarah (10 October 2005). "Banville scoops the Booker". The Guardian. Retrieved 10 October 2005. 20. ^ Higgins, Charlotte (28 January 2009). "How Adam Foulds was a breath away from the Costa book of the year award". The Guardian. Retrieved 28 January 2009. 21. ^ Mullan, John (12 July 2008). "Lives & letters, Where are they now?". The Guardian (Guardian Media Group). Retrieved 11 September 2011. 22. ^ "Best of the Booker". The Guardian (Guardian Media Group). 21 February 2008. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 23. ^ "Rushdie wins Best of Booker prize". BBC News (BBC). 10 July 2008. Retrieved 3 September 2009. 24. ^ Melvern, Jack (20 May 2010). "J G Farrell wins Booker prize for 1970, 30-year after his death". The Times. Retrieved 23 December 2010.
Further reading
Lee, Hermione (1981). The Booker Prize: Matters of judgment. Times Literary Supplement, Reprinted 22 October 2008
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Man Booker Prize

Official website The Booker Prize Archive at Oxford Brookes University A primer on the Man Booker Prize and critical review of literature Man Booker Prize 2013 Longlist announced 23 July 2013 [hide]

v t e
Recipients of the Booker Prize

Category:Winning works List of winners and shortlisted authors Booker of Bookers The Best of the Booker Lost Man Booker Prize Related: Man Booker International Prize

1969 1979
Newby (1969) Rubens (1970) Farrell (1970) Naipaul (1971) Berger (1972) Farrell (1973) Gordimer / Middleton (1974) Jhabvala (1975) Storey (1976) Scott (1977) Murdoch (1978) Fitzgerald (1979) Golding (1980) Rushdie (1981) Keneally (1982) Coetzee (1983) Brookner (1984) Hulme (1985) K. Amis (1986)
1980 1989
Lively (1987) Carey (1988) Ishiguro (1989) Byatt (1990) Okri (1991) Ondaatje / Unsworth (1992) Doyle (1993) Kelman (1994) Barker (1995) Swift (1996) Roy (1997) McEwan (1998) Coetzee (1999) Atwood (2000) Carey (2001) Martel (2002) Pierre (2003) Hollinghurst (2004) Banville (2005) Desai (2006) Enright (2007) Adiga (2008) Mantel (2009) Jacobson (2010) Barnes (2011) Mantel (2012)
1990 1999
2000 2009
2010 present

Awarded in 2010 as the Lost Man Booker Prize, due to a change in the contest rules Bold = Writer's second win Italics = Writer now deceased Novels portal Literature portal
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Pulitzer Prize
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2011)
Pulitzer Prize
Awarded for
Country Presented Columbia University by First 1917 awarded Official www.pulitzer.org website
Excellence in newspaper journalism, literary achievements, and musical composition United States
The Pulitzer Prize /pltsr/[1] is a U.S. award for achievements in newspaper and online journalism, literature, and musical composition. It was established in 1917 by provisions in the will of American (Hungarian-born) publisher Joseph Pulitzer, and is administered by Columbia University in New York City.[2] Prizes are awarded yearly in twenty-one categories. In twenty of the categories, each winner receives a certificate and a US$10,000 cash award.[3] The winner in the public service category of the journalism competition is awarded a gold medal.[3][4]
Contents

1 Entry and prize consideration o 1.1 The difference between entrants and nominated finalists 2 History 3 Recipients o 3.1 Individuals o 3.2 Newspapers 4 Categories o 4.1 Changes to categories
5 Board 6 Controversies 7 Criticism and studies 8 See also 9 References 10 External links
Entry and prize consideration

The Pulitzer Prize does not automatically consider all applicable works in the media, but only those that have specifically entered.[5] (There is a $50 entry fee, paid for each desired entry category.) Entries must fit in at least one of the specific prize categories, and cannot simply gain entrance for being literary or musical.[5] Works can also only be entered in a maximum of two categories, regardless of their properties. Each year, 103 judges are selected[by whom?] to serve on 20 separate juries for the 21 award categories (one jury for both photography awards). Most juries consist of five members, except for those for public service, investigative reporting, beat reporting, feature writing and commentary categories, which have seven members.[2] For each award category, a jury makes three nominations. The board selects the winner by majority vote from the nominations, or 75% majority votebypasses the nominations and selects a different entry. The board can also vote to issue no award. The board is not paid for its work. The jurors in letters, music, and drama get a $2000 honorarium for the year, and each chair gets $2500.[2]
The difference between entrants and nominated finalists

Anyone whose work has been submitted is called an entrant. The jury selects a small group of nominated finalists and announces them, together with the winner for each category. However, some journalists who were only submitted, but not nominated as finalists, still claim to be Pulitzer nominees in promotional material. For example, msnbc.com's Bill Dedman pointed out in 2012 that financial journalist Betty Liu was described as "Pulitzer Prize-Nominated" in her Bloomberg Television advertising and the jacket of her book, while National Review writer Jonah Goldberg made similar claims of "Pulitzer nomination" to promote his books. Dedman wrote, "To call that submission a Pulitzer 'nomination' is like saying that Adam Sandler is an Oscar nominee if Columbia Pictures enters That's My Boy in the Academy Awards. Many readers realize that the Oscars don't work that waythe studios don't pick the nominees. It's just a way of slipping 'Academy Awards' into a bio. The Pulitzers also don't work that way, but fewer people know that."[6]
History
Newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer gave money in his will to Columbia University to launch a journalism school and establish the Prize. It allocated $250,000 to the prize and scholarships.[7] He specified "four awards in journalism, four in letters and drama, one in education, and four
traveling scholarships."[2] After his death, the first Pulitzer Prizes were awarded June 4, 1917; they are now announced each April. The Chicago Tribune under the control of Colonel McCormick felt that the Pulitzer Prize was nothing more than a 'mutual admiration society' and not to be taken seriously; the paper refused to compete for the prize during McCormick's tenure up until 1961.[8][9]
Recipients
See also: Category:Pulitzer Prize winners
Individuals
Recipients of multiple Pulitzer Prizes include:
Four awards: o Robert Frost o Carol Guzy (for photography) o Eugene O'Neill (two of the awards were in a four-year period) o Robert E. Sherwood (three for Drama and once for Biography) Three awards: o Edward Albee o Edmund Duffy for Editorial Cartooning o Daniel R. Fitzpatrick for Editorial Cartooning o Thomas Friedman for International Reporting and Commentary o Burton J. Hendrick for Biography o Herblock for Editorial Cartooning o Rollin Kirby for Editorial Cartooning o Archibald MacLeish o Jeff MacNelly for Editorial Cartooning o Edwin Arlington Robinson o Carl Sandburg (once for Biography and twice for Poetry) o Robert Penn Warren (once for Fiction and twice for Poetry) o Thornton Wilder (once in the Novel category and twice in Drama) Two awards: o Samuel Barber for Music Composition o Steve Breen for Editorial Cartooning o Walter Jackson Bate for Biography o Robert Caro for Biography o Elliott Carter for Music Composition o David Herbert Donald for Biography o Horst Faas for Photography o William Faulkner for Fiction o Jon Franklin for Feature Writing and Explanatory Reporting o Douglas Southall Freeman for Biography o Walt Handelsman for Editorial Cartooning o Nelson Harding for Editorial Cartooning
o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
David Horsey for Editorial Cartooning Marquis James for Biography Margaret Leech for History David Levering Lewis for Biography Robert Lowell for Poetry Mike Luckovich for Editorial Cartooning David McCullough Norman Mailer for Fiction and Non-Fiction Bill Mauldin for Editorial Cartooning Gian Carlo Menotti for Music Composition Gene Miller for Investigative Reporting Samuel Eliot Morison for Biography Allan Nevins for Biography Walter Piston for Music Composition Michael Ramirez for Editorial Cartooning Anthony Shadid for his coverage of the Iraq War Anthony Lewis for National Reporting Paul Szep for Editorial Cartooning Booth Tarkington for Novel (twice in a four-year period) Barbara W. Tuchman for General Non-Fiction John Updike Craig F. Walker for Photography (two in a three-year period) Gene Weingarten for Feature Writing (twice (2008 and 2010) in a three-year period) Richard Wilbur for Poetry Tennessee Williams for Drama August Wilson for Drama E. O. Wilson for General Non-fiction
Newspapers
The prize for Public Service is awarded to newspapers. Awards for journalism categories such as General News Reporting may be awarded to individuals or newspapers or newspaper staffs.[citation
needed]
Categories
The Pulitzer Prizes
Joseph Pulitzer
Pulitzers by year
Pulitzer winners Journalism:

Public Service Breaking News Reporting Investigative Reporting Explanatory Reporting Local Reporting National Reporting International Reporting Feature Writing Commentary Criticism Editorial Writing Editorial Cartooning Photography (19421967) Spot News Photography (19681999) Breaking News Photography (2000present) Feature Photography (1968present) Letters and drama:
Biography or Autobiography Fiction Drama History Poetry General Non-Fiction Other prizes:
Music Special Citations and Awards
Awards are made in categories relating to newspaper journalism, arts, and letters and fiction. Only published reports and photographs by United States-based newspapers or daily news organizations are eligible for the journalism prize. Beginning in 2007, "An assortment of online elements will be permitted in all journalism categories except for the competition's two photography categories, which will continue to restrict entries to still images."[10] In December 2008 it was announced that for the first time content published in online-only news sources would be considered.[11] Definitions of Pulitzer Prize categories as presented in the 2008 competition:
Public Service for a distinguished example of meritorious public service by a newspaper or news site through the use of its journalistic resources which, as well as reporting, may include editorials, cartoons, photographs, graphics, videos, databases, multimedia or interactive presentations or other visual material, presented in print or
online or both. Often thought of as the grand prize, and mentioned first in listings of the journalism prizes, the Public Service award is given to the newspaper, not to individuals, though individuals are often mentioned for their contributions. Alone among the Pulitzer Prizes, it is awarded in the form of the Joseph Pulitzer Gold Medal. Breaking News Reporting for a distinguished example of local reporting of breaking news. Investigative Reporting for a distinguished example of investigative reporting by an individual or team, presented as a single newspaper article or series. Explanatory Reporting for a distinguished example of explanatory newspaper reporting that illuminates a significant and complex subject, demonstrating mastery of the subject, lucid writing, and clear presentation. Local Reporting for a distinguished example of local newspaper reporting that illuminates significant issues or concerns.[10] National Reporting for a distinguished example of newspaper reporting on national affairs. International Reporting for a distinguished example of newspaper reporting on international affairs, including United Nations correspondence. Feature Writing for a distinguished example of newspaper feature writing giving prime consideration to high literary quality and originality. Commentary for distinguished commentary. Criticism for distinguished criticism. Editorial Writing for distinguished editorial writing, the test of excellence being clarity of style, moral purpose, sound reasoning, and power to influence public opinion in what the writer perceives to be the right direction. Editorial Cartooning for a distinguished cartoon or portfolio of cartoons published during the year, characterized by originality, editorial effectiveness, quality of drawing, and pictorial effect. Breaking News Photography, previously called Spot News Photography for a distinguished example of breaking news photography in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs, a sequence, or an album. Feature Photography for a distinguished example of feature photography in black and white or color, which may consist of a photograph or photographs, a sequence, or an album.
There are six categories in letters and drama:

Fiction for distinguished fiction by an American author, preferably dealing with American life. Drama for a distinguished play by an American playwright, preferably original in its source and dealing with American life. History for a distinguished book on the history of the United States. Biography or Autobiography for a distinguished biography or autobiography by an American author. Poetry for a distinguished volume of original verse by an American poet. General Non-Fiction for a distinguished book of non-fiction by an American author that is not eligible for consideration in any other category.
There is one prize given for music:
Pulitzer Prize for Music for a distinguished musical contribution by an American that had its first performance or recording in the United States during the year.
There have been dozens of Special Citations and Awards: more than ten each in Arts, Journalism, and Letters, and five for Pulitzer Prize service, most recently to Joseph Pulitzer, Jr. in 1985. In addition to the prizes, Pulitzer travelling fellowships are awarded to four outstanding students of the Graduate School of Journalism as selected by the faculty.
Changes to categories
Over the years, awards have been discontinued either because the field of the award has been expanded to encompass other areas, the award been renamed because the common terminology changed, or the award has become obsolete, such as the prizes for telegraphic reporting, which was based on the old technology of the telegram. An example of a writing field that has been expanded was the former Pulitzer Prize for the Novel (awarded 1918-1947), which has been changed to the Pulitzer Prize for Fiction, which also includes short stories, novellas, novelettes, and fictional poetry, as well as novels. Chronology of Pulitzer Prize categories[12] Year Awards added Awards removed Biography or Autobiography History 1917 Editorial Writing Reporting Novel 1918 Drama Public Service Poetry 1922 Editorial Cartooning 1929 Correspondence Photography 1942 Telegraphic ReportingNational Telegraphic ReportingInternational 1943 Music Correspondence Fiction Novel Local reporting 1948 Reporting National Reporting Telegraphic ReportingNational International Reporting Telegraphic ReportingInternational
1953 1962 1964 1968 1970 1979 1985
1991 1998 2000 2007
Local Reporting, Edition Time Local reporting Local Reporting, No Edition Time General Non-Fiction Local General or Spot News Reporting Local Reporting, Edition Time Local Investigative Specialized Reporting Local Reporting, No Edition Time Feature Photography Photography Spot News Photography Commentary Criticism Feature Writing General News Reporting Investigative Reporting Local General or Spot News Reporting Specialized Reporting Local Investigative Specialized Reporting Explanatory Journalism Spot News Reporting General News Reporting Beat Reporting Specialized Reporting Breaking News Reporting Spot News Reporting Explanatory Reporting Explanatory Journalism Breaking News Photography Spot News Photography Local reporting Beat Reporting
Board
The 20-member board comprises major newspaper editors and executives and six academics including the president of Columbia University and the dean and administrator of the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism. The administrator and the dean cannot vote. The board elects its own members for a three-year term (excluding the dean and the administrator). Members of the board and the juries are selected with close attention "given to professional excellence and affiliation, as well as diversity in terms of gender, ethnic background, geographical distribution and size of newspaper." Each year, the chair rotates to the most senior member.[13] The board makes all prize decisions.[2] The Pulitzer Prizes Board, 20112012:[14]

Danielle Allen, UPS Foundation Professor, School of Social Science, Institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, N.J. Jim Amoss, Editor, The Times-Picayune, New Orleans, La. (Co-chair) Randell Beck, President and Publisher, Argus Leader Media, Sioux Falls, S.D. Robert Blau, Managing Editor for projects and investigations, Bloomberg News, New York, N.Y. Lee Bollinger, President, Columbia University, New York, N.Y. Kathleen Carroll, Executive Editor and Senior Vice President, Associated Press (Cochair)
Joyce Dehli, Vice President for News, Lee Enterprises Junot Daz, Author and Rudge and Nancy Allen Professor of Writing, Massachusetts Institute of Technology Thomas Friedman, Columnist, The New York Times, New York, N.Y. Paul Gigot, Editorial Page Editor, The Wall Street Journal, New York, N.Y. Sig Gissler, Administrator, Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, New York, N.Y. Steven Hahn, Roy F. and Jeanette P. Nichols Professor of History, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia Nicholas Lemann, Dean, Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism, New York, N.Y. Ann Marie Lipinski, Curator, Nieman Foundation for Journalism, Harvard University, Cambridge, Mass. (Co-chair) Gregory Moore, Editor, The Denver Post, Denver, Colo. Eugene Robinson, Columnist and Associate Editor, The Washington Post Margaret Sullivan, Editor, The Buffalo News, Buffalo, N.Y. Paul Tash, Chairman and CEO, Tampa Bay Times, St. Petersburg, Fla. Jim VandeHei, Executive Editor and Co-founder, Politico Keven Ann Willey, Vice President/Editorial Page Editor, The Dallas Morning News
Controversies

Calls for revocation of journalist Walter Duranty's 1932 Pulitzer Prize Call for revocation of journalist William L. Laurence's 1946 Pulitzer Prize 1962 Biography Prize: Citizen Hearst: A Biography of William Randolph Hearst by W. A. Swanberg was recommended by the Prize board but overturned by the trustees of Columbia University because its subject, Hearst, was not an "eminent example of the biographer's art as specified in the prize definition".[15] 1974 Fiction Prize: Gravity's Rainbow by Thomas Pynchon was recommended by the three-member fiction panel but the eleven other members of the Prize board overturned that decision and no award was given.[16] Forfeiture of Janet Cooke's 1981 Pulitzer Prize for Feature Writing for fabricating the story.
Criticism and studies

Some critics of the Pulitzer Prize have accused the organization of favoring those who support liberal causes or oppose conservative causes. Syndicated columnist L. Brent Bozell said that the Pulitzer Prize has a "liberal legacy", particularly in its prize for commentary.[17] He pointed to a 31-year period in which only five conservatives won prizes for commentary. The claim is also supported by a statement from the 2010 Pulitzer Prize winner for commentary, Kathleen Parker: "It's only because I'm a conservative basher that I'm now recognized."[18] A 2012 academic study by journalism professor Yong Volz and Chinese University journalism professor Francis Lee found "that only 27% of Pulitzer winners since 1991 were females, while
newsrooms are about 33% female."[19][20] The study concluded that the majority of female "winners enjoyed access to greater resources than the average male winner," resources including such things as attendance at Ivy League schools, metropolitan upbringing, or employment with an elite publication such as the New York Times.[21]
See also

List of Pulitzer Prizes awarded to The New York Times Man Booker Prize Nautilus Book Awards National Book Award Commonwealth Writers Prize Prix Goncourt National Magazine Awards
References
1. ^ According to the administrators of the Pulitzer Prize, the correct pronunciation of the name should sound like the verb pull, as in "Pull it, sir".[1] The mistaken pronunciation /pjultsr/, starting off like pew, is quite common, and included in the major British and American dictionaries. 2. ^ a b c d e Topping, Seymour (2008). "History of The Pulitzer Prizes". The Pulitzer Prizes. Columbia University. Retrieved September 13, 2011. Updated 2013 by Sig Gissler. 3. ^ a b Topping, Seymour (2008). "Administration". The Pulitzer Prizes. Columbia University. Retrieved January 31, 2013. Updated 2013 by Sig Gissler. 4. ^ "The Medal". Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved January 31, 2013. 5. ^ a b Entry Form For a Pulitzer Prize in Journalism Pulitzer.org 6. ^ Abad-Santos, Alexander (June 26, 2012). "Journalists, Please Stop Saying You Were 'Pulitzer Prize-Nominated'". what matters now (the Atlantic wire). 7. ^ Morris, James McGrath (2010). Pulitzer: A Life in Politics, Print, and Power. New York, NY: HarperCollins. p. 461. ISBN 978-0-06-079870-3. Retrieved Sep 12, 2011. 8. ^ Reardon, Patrick T (June 8, 1997). "A Parade of Pulitzers". Chicago Tribune. Retrieved April 27, 2013. "for more than two decades [...] the Tribune refused to compete for the awards." 9. ^ Epstein, Joseph (August 1997). "The Colonel and the Lady". Commentary. p. 48. "He viewed the Pulitzer Prize as a 'mutual admiration society,' and hence not to be taken seriously." 10. ^ a b "Pulitzer Board Widens Range of Online Journalism in Entries" (Press release). Pulitzer Prize Board. November 27, 2006. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 11. ^ "Pulitzer Prizes Broadened to Include Online-Only Publications Primarily Devoted to Original News Reporting" (Press release). Pulitzer Prize Board. December 8, 2008. Retrieved April 12, 2010. 12. ^ "Past winners & finalists by category". Pulitzer Prizes. Retrieved January 31, 2013. 13. ^ Topping, Seymour (2008). "Pulitzer biography". The Pulitzer Prizes. Columbia University. Retrieved September 13, 2011. Updated 2013 by Sig Gissler.
14. ^ "Pulitzer Prize Board 20112012". The Pulitzer Prizes. 15. ^ Hohenberg, John. The Pulitzer Diaries: Inside America's Greatest Prize. 1997. p. 109. 16. ^ McDowell, Edwin. "Publishing: Pulitzer Controversies". The New York Times, May 11, 1984: C26. 17. ^ Bozell, Brent (April 22, 2007). "Pulitzers' liberal legacy". Pittsburgh Tribune-Review. Retrieved October 14, 2010. 18. ^ Hagey, Keach (October 4, 2010). "Kathleen Parker: 'Smallish-town girl' hits cable". Politico. Retrieved October 14, 2010. 19. ^ Yong Z. Volz; Francis LF Lee (August 30, 2012). "Who wins the Pulitzer Prize in international reporting? Cumulative advantage and social stratification in journalism". Journalism. doi:10.1177/1464884912455905. |accessdate= requires |url= (help) 20. ^ Kelly Burdick (October 18, 2012). "New study says women may need connections to win a Pulitzer". Melville House. Retrieved October 18, 2012. 21. ^ "Female Pulitzer Prize winners require higher qualifications, study finds". Phys.org. October 18, 2012. Retrieved October 18, 2012.
Auxier, George W. (March 1940). "Middle Western Newspapers and the Spanish American War, 18951898". Mississippi Valley Historical Review (Organization of American Historians) 26 (4): 523. doi:10.2307/1896320. JSTOR 1896320.
External links
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Ramon Magsaysay Award

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search
Ramon Magsaysay Award
Outstanding contributions in Government Service, Public Service, Community Awarded Leadership, Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts, Peace and for International Understanding and Emergent Leadership Country Philippines Presented Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation by First 1958 awarded Official http://www.rmaf.org.ph website The Ramon Magsaysay Award is an annual award established to perpetuate former Philippine President Ramon Magsaysay's example of integrity in government, courageous service to the people, and pragmatic idealism within a democratic society. The Ramon Magsaysay Award is often considered Asia's Nobel Prize.[1][2] The prize was established in April 1957 by the trustees of the Rockefeller Brothers Fund based in New York City with the concurrence of the Philippine government.
Contents
1 Overview
2 History 3 Awardees 4 Notes 5 Further reading 6 External links
Overview
Magsaysay Award Foundation the prize to Asian individuals achieving excellence in their respective fields. The awards were given in six categories, five of which were discontinued starting 2009:

Government Service (1958-2008) Public Service (1958-2008) Community Leadership (1958-2008) Journalism, Literature, and the Creative Communication Arts (1958-2008) Peace and International Understanding (1958-2008) Emergent Leadership (2001- ) Uncategorized (2009 - )
History
In May 1957, seven prominent Filipinos were named to the founding board of trustees of the Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation, the non-profit corporation tasked with implementing the awards program. The RMAF recognizes and honors individuals and organizations in Asia regardless of race, creed, sex, or nationality, who have achieved distinction in their respective fields and have helped others generously without anticipating public recognition. The awards have traditionally been given in five categories: government service; public service; community leadership; journalism, literature, and creative communication arts; and peace and international understanding. During the 2000 Magsaysay Awards presentation ceremony, the Foundation announced the creation of a sixth Award category, Emergent Leadership. This new Award category was established with the support of a grant from the Ford Foundation. The Ramon Magsaysay Award for Emergent Leadership honors "individuals, forty years of age and below, doing outstanding work on issues of social change in their communities, but whose leadership is not yet broadly recognized outside of these communities." An award in this category was given for the first time in 2001. The original five categories were discontinued, starting 2009, to acknowledge the increasingly inter-sectoral and multidimensional nature of the recipient's work. Only the category Emergent Leadership remains as such, principally because it carries an age-limit restriction.[3]
Awardees
List of Ramon Magsaysay Award winners
Notes
1. ^ Clare Arthurs (2000-07-25). "Activists share 'Asian Nobel Prize'". BBC News. Retrieved 2008-02-20. 2. ^ Ann Bernadette Corvera (2003-10-08). "'03 RAMON MAGSAYSAY AWARDEES: A LEAGUE OF EXTRAORDINARY MEN & WOMEN". Philippine Star. Retrieved 200802-21. 3. ^ email from Awardee Relations Unit, Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation
Further reading
Compare to questions raised here: Singh Negi, Rajender (2008-08-23). "Magsaysay Award: Asian Nobel, Not so Noble". Economic and Political Weekly 43 (34): 1416. doi:10.2307/40277873. ISSN 0012-9976. Retrieved 2013-02-04.
External links

Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation Blog [show]

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Ramon Magsaysay Award recipients

Categories:

Peace awards Humanitarian and service awards Journalism awards 1957 establishments in the Philippines Philippine awards Awards established in 1957 Magsaysay family
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Miss World
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For the song by the band Hole, see Miss World (song). Miss World
Logo of the Miss World event Formation Type Headquarters Location Official languages President Key people Website 1951 Beauty pageant London, England United Kingdom English Julia Morley Eric Morley Official website
The Miss World pageant is the oldest surviving major international beauty pageant. It was created in the United Kingdom by Eric Morley in 1951.[1][2] Since his death in 2000, Morley's wife, Julia Morley, co-chairs the pageant.[3]
Alongside its rivals Miss Universe and Miss Earth, this pageant is one of the most publicised beauty contests in the world.[4][5][6] The winner spends a year travelling to represent the Miss World Organization and its various causes. The current Miss World is Yu Wenxia of China.[7] Traditionally, Miss World lives in London during her reign. Miss World is part of the Big Four international beauty pageants.
Contents

1 History o 1.1 21st century 2 Miss World Organization 3 The pageant o 3.1 Awards 3.1.1 Challenge Events (Formerly known as Fast track awards) o 3.2 Winners o 3.3 Delegates o 3.4 Locations 4 Titleholders o 4.1 Winners gallery o 4.2 By number of wins o 4.3 Top 16 countries by tally o 4.4 Number of titles by continental region 5 Continental queens of beauty o 5.1 Queens of beauty titles 6 Pageant controversies o 6.1 The 2002 Nigeria contest 7 References 8 External links
History
Miss World started as the Festival Bikini Contest, in honour of the recently introduced swimwear of the time, but was called "Miss World" by the media. It was originally planned as a one-off event. Upon learning about the upcoming Miss Universe pageant, Morley decided to make the pageant an annual event.[8][9] Opposition to the wearing of bikinis led to their replacement with more modest swimwear after the first contest. The first Miss World Pageant event in 1951 was the first and the last event which crowned the winner in a bikini. In Miss World 2013 all participants will use one piece of swimsuit plus traditional sarong from the belly and below as a compromise with local culture.[10] In 1959, the BBC started broadcasting the competition. The pageant's popularity grew with the advent of television. During the 1960s and 1970s, Miss World would be among the most
watched programmes of the year on British television.[citation needed] However, in 1970, the Miss World contest in London was disrupted by women's liberation protesters armed with flour bombs, stink bombs, and water pistols.[11] In the 1980s, the pageant repositioned itself with the slogan Beauty With a Purpose, with added tests of intelligence and personality.[12] However, in the 1980s, the competition became seen as old-fashioned and politically incorrect in its native Britain, and despite its global appeal, stopped showing on British television until Channel 5 aired it briefly in 1998,[13][14] then shifted between lesser-known satellite channels, and is now webcast only and little-known in Britain.
21st century
Eric Morley died as the pageant entered the new century. His wife, Julia, succeeded as chairwoman of the Miss World Organization.[15] The century saw its first black African winner, Agbani Darego of Nigeria, in 2001. As part of its marketing strategy, Miss World came up with a "Vote For Me" television special during that edition, featuring the delegates behind the scenes and on the beach, and allowing viewers to either phone in or vote online for their favourites. It also sells its Talent, Beach Beauty and Sports events as television specials to broadcasters.[16] In 2002 the pageant was slated for choosing Abuja, the capital city of Nigeria to host its final. This choice was controversial, as a northern Nigerian woman, Amina Lawal, was awaiting death by stoning for adultery under Sharia law there, but Miss World chose to use the publicity surrounding its presence to bring greater global awareness and action to Amina's plight (see Controversies section).[17][18]
Miss World Organization
Ivian Sarcos in a school in Mumbai, India
The Miss World Organization owns and manages the annual Miss World Finals, a competition that has grown into one of the worlds biggest.[19] Since its launch in 1951, the Miss World Organization has raised more than 250 million for childrens charities.[20] Miss World is
franchised in more than 100 countries.[21][22] Miss World, Limited is a privately held firm, and thus figures for its earnings, expenses and charitable contributions are not publicly available. Aside from raising millions of pounds for charities around the globe under the banner of its "Beauty with a Purpose" program, Miss World is also credited with directly influencing a dramatic increase in tourism in Sanya, China, host city of the Miss World finals in 2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, and 2010.[23]
The pageant
In the year preceding the global finals, each delegate must win her national title or a specially designated Miss World national preliminary. Miss World's national preliminaries are conducted by their licence-holders, who hold the franchise to use the "Miss World" name in their country. The annual final is typically a month long event, with several preliminary galas, dinners, balls and activities, culminating in a globally telecast final show in which the field is narrowed to between 1520 delegates.
Awards
See also: Miss World Special Awards

Venezuela has won the Miss Photogenic award four times (1984, 1990, 1995, 1996). Four Miss World winners were awarded Miss Photogenic: Astrid Carolina Herrera (Venezuela, 1984), Aishwarya Rai (India, 1994), Jacqueline Aguilera (Venezuela, 1995) and Diana Hayden (India, 1997). One Miss World winner was awarded Best World Dress Designer (Spectacular Evening Wear) : Azra Akin (Turkey, 2002). Two Miss World winner were awarded Miss World Continental Groups Northern Europe by SMS voting : Unnur Birna Vilhjlmsdttir (Iceland, 2005), Tana Kuchaov (Czech Republic,2006).
Challenge Events (Formerly known as Fast track awards)
Since 2003 Miss World pageant also features Fast Track events during the preliminary round. The winners of Fast Track events are automatically qualified to enter the final round. Since 2011 winners of the challenge events are no longer automatically qualified to enter the final round. Instead, winners and finalists of these events will be awarded bonus points to their preliminary scores. Delegates with the highest points (bonus of challenge events included) are qualified to enter the final round. Challenge (Fast Track) events which have been used since 2003 are:

Beach Fashion (Formerly known as Beach Beauty) (2003present) Miss Talent (2003present) Miss Sports (20032004, 2006present)
Beauty with a Purpose (2005present) Top Model (2004, 2007present) Multimedia Award (2012) People's Choice (2003) Personality (2003) Contestant's Choice (2004) Two Miss World winners were awarded Miss World Beach Beauty: Rosanna Davison (Ireland, 2003), Kaiane Aldorino (Gibraltar, 2009). Two titleholders have also won Miss World Top Model: Zhang Zilin (China, 2007), Ksenia Sukhinova (Russia, 2008). One titleholder have also won Miss World Talent: Yu Wenxia (China, 2012).
Winners
Kiki Hkansson of Sweden, Miss World 1951, reigned for the longest period in Miss World history: 475 days (almost 16 months) from the time she was crowned on 29 July 1951 in London, UK.[24][25] Reita Faria of India, Miss World 1966, was the first Asian ever to win Miss World title. Ivian Sarcos of Venezuela, Miss World 2011 reigned for the shortest period in Miss World history: for 8 months and 12 days. There were three times consecutive victories in Miss World history: o May Louise Flodin of Sweden, was crowned Miss World 1952 by Miss World 1951 Kicki Hkansson of Sweden. o Lesley Langley of United Kingdom, was crowned Miss World 1965 by Miss World 1964 Ann Sidney of United Kingdom. o Priyanka Chopra of India, was crowned Miss World 2000 by Miss World 1999 Yukta Mookhey of India. The longest interval between title wins belongs to Peru; Madeline Hartog-Bel won the title in 1967 and, 37 years later, Mara Julia Mantilla became the second recipient from Peru. The first Latin-American to win Miss World was Susana Duijm of Venezuela, crowned in 1955 in London, United Kingdom. The first black African to win Miss World was Agbani Darego of Nigeria, crowned in 2001 by Priyanka Chopra, Miss World (Miss World 2000) at Sun City, South Africa. The first East Asian to win Miss World was Zhang Zilin of China, crowned in 2007 in Sanya, China.
Delegates
Miss World remains the only one of the major international pageants with two winners resigned or dethroned: Miss World replaced Helen Morgan in 1974 and Gabriela Brum in 1980.
Eight Miss World winners placed as runners-up or semi-finalists in the Miss Universe pageant. They were: Susana Duijmsemi-finalist, Venezuela 1955; Corine Rottschfersemi-finalist, Holland 1958; Rosemarie Franklandfirst runner-up, Wales 1961; Madeleine Hartog Bellsemifinalist, Peru 1966; Eva Rueber-Staiersemi-finalist, Austria 1969; Helen Morganfirst runnerup, Wales 1974 (dethroned); Gina Swainsonfirst runner-up, Bermuda 1979 and Agbani Daregosemi-finalist, Nigeria 2001. Three Miss World delegates placed as finalists/semifinalists in the pageant prior to their win at Miss International: Brucene Smith of USA, Top 7 finalist at Miss World 1971;Goizeder Azua of Venezuela, Top 10 finalist at Miss World 2002; and Anagabriela Espinoza of Mexico, Top 15 semifinalist at Miss World 2008. Two Miss World winners placed as runners-up in the Miss International pageant: Catharina Johanna Lodders of the Netherlands, third runner-up at Miss International 1962; and Aneta Krglicka of Poland, first runner-up at Miss International 1989. Sophie Perin of France was a Miss Universe and Miss World delegate who didn't place at both pageants and later won the Miss International title in 1976. Anne Lena Hansen of Norway and Christina Sawaya of Lebanon didn't place at Miss World and later won the Miss International title in 1995 and in 2002, respectively.
Locations
For the full list of venues, see List of Miss World titleholders.
7 winners have been crowned Miss World on their home turf: o 1961: Rosemarie Frankland (United Kingdom) was crowned in London, UK. o 1964: Ann Sidney (United Kingdom) was crowned in London, UK. o 1965: Lesley Langley (United Kingdom) was crowned in London, UK. o 1974: Helen Morgan (United Kingdom) was crowned in London, UK. (Subsequently resigned) o 1983: Sarah-Jane Hutt (United Kingdom) was crowned in London, UK. o 2007: Zhang Zilin (China) was crowned in Sanya, China. o 2012: Yu Wenxia (China) was crowned in Ordos City, China. 5 winners have crowned their successors on their home turf: o 1961: Rosemarie Frankland (United Kingdom) crowned 1962: Catharina Lodders (Holland) in London, UK. o 1964: Ann Sidney (United Kingdom) crowned 1965: Lesley Langley (United Kingdom) in London, UK. o 1965: Lesley Langley (United Kingdom) crowned 1966: Reita Faria (India) in London, UK. o 1983: Sarah-Jane Hutt (United Kingdom) crowned 1984: Astrid Carolina Herrera (Venezuela) in London, UK. o 1990: Gina Tolleson (United States) crowned 1991: Ninibeth Leal (Venezuela) in Atlanta, USA.
Outside United Kingdom, South Africa has hosted the most Miss World pageants, with seven. The various locations were: o South Africa: Sun City (1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 2001), Johannesburg (2008, 2009) Apart from the United Kingdom and South Africa, the other states to host the pageant more than once are: o China: Sanya and Ordos City (2003, 2004, 2005, 2007, 2010 and 2012) o Seychelles: Mah (1997, 1998)
Titleholders
The following is a list of winners from 2000 to 2012. For the full list of titleholders, see List of Miss World titleholders. Year Country/Territory 2013 TBA 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 China Venezuela TBA Yu Wenxia Ivian Sarcos Miss World TBA Miss China National title Location Sentul and Nusa Dua, Indonesia Ordos City, China
Miss Mundo Venezuela London, United Kingdom Miss World United States Miss Gibraltar Miss Russia Miss China Miss esk Republiky Sanya, China Johannesburg, South Africa Johannesburg, South Africa Sanya, China Warsaw, Poland
United States Alexandria Mills Gibraltar Russia China Czech Republic Iceland Peru Ireland Turkey Kaiane Aldorino Ksenia Sukhinova Zhang Zilin Tana Kuchaov Unnur Birna Vilhjlmsdttir Mara Julia Mantilla Rosanna Davison Azra Akn
2005 2004 2003 2002
Ungfr sland Miss World Per Miss Ireland Miss Turkey
Sanya, China Sanya, China Sanya, China London, United Kingdom
2001 2000
Nigeria India
Agbani Darego Priyanka Chopra
Most Beautiful Girl in Nigeria Miss India World
Sun City, South Africa London, United Kingdom
Winners gallery
Miss World 1954 Antigone Costanda, Egypt
Miss World 1957 Marita Lindahl, Finland
Miss World 1958 Penelope Coelen, South Africa
Miss World 1959 Corine Rottschfer, Netherlands
Miss World 1967 Madeline Hartog-Bel, Peru
Miss World 1977 Mary Stvin, Sweden
Miss World 1978 Silvana Surez, Argentina
Miss World 1994 Aishwarya Rai, India
Miss World 1997 Diana Hayden, India
Miss World 1999 Yukta Mookhey, India
Miss World 2000 Priyanka Chopra, India
Miss World 2003 Rosanna Davison, Ireland
Miss World 2004 Maria Julia Mantilla, Peru
Miss World 2006 Tana Kuchaov, Czech Republic
Miss World 2007 Zhang Zilin, China
Miss World 2008 Ksenia Sukhinova, Russia
Miss World 2009 Kaiane Aldorino, Gibraltar
Ivian Sarcos 2013 Derivate 000.jpg
Miss World 2011 Ivian Sarcos, Venezuela
By number of wins
Winners of Miss World by country Country/Territory Venezuela India 5 United Kingdom United States 3 Iceland 1985, 1988, 2005 1961, 1964, 1965, 1974 (resigned), 1983 1973, 1990, 2010 Titles 6 Winning years 1955, 1981, 1984, 1991, 1995, 2011 1966, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000
Jamaica Sweden China PR Russia Peru Austria Argentina Germany South Africa Australia Netherlands Gibraltar Czech Republic Ireland Turkey Nigeria Israel Greece Poland Trinidad & Tobago Dominican Republic Guam 1 2
1963, 1976, 1993 1951, 1952, 1977 2007, 2012 1992, 2008 1967, 2004 1969, 1987 1960, 1978 1956, 1980 (resigned) 1958, 1974 (took over title in November 1974) 1968, 1972 1959, 1962 2009 2006 2003 2002 2001 1998 1996 1989 1986 1982 1980 (took over title on 28 November 1980)
Bermuda Puerto Rico Brazil Grenada Finland Egypt France
1979 1975 1971 1970 1957 1954 1953
Top 16 countries by tally

For the full details, see Full Country Rankings for Miss World. 1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Miss Runner- Runner- Runner- Runner- Runner- Runner- Semifinalists Total Rank Country/Territory World up up up up up up 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 Venezuela United Kingdom India United States Sweden Jamaica Iceland 6 5 5 3 3 3 3 2 6 1 5 1 0 0 4 2 4 4 0 2 0 3 1 6 4 2 3 1 0 2 1 0 1 2 2 3 1 6 2 2 1 2 0 0 1 0 2 2 0 0 0 0 1 1 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 14 14 12 25 10 14 2 17 14 30 37 20 44 20 23 7 32 24
South Africa 2 Australia 2
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Miss RunnerRunnerRunnerRunnerRunnerRunnerRank Country/Territory Semifinalists Total World up up up up up up 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 Argentina Germany Peru 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 1 1 0 0 1 0 1 2 0 0 0 1 0 1 0 3 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 1 0 0 7 10 3 9 9 1 5 12 18 7 14 15 7 7
Netherlands 2 Austria China Russia 2 2 2
Number of titles by continental region

Main article: Continental Groups according to the Miss World Organization Continent Titles Countries
Europe
United Kingdom* (5), Iceland and Sweden (3), Austria, Germany*, Netherlands and 28 Russia (2), Czech Republic, Finland, France, Gibraltar, Greece, Ireland, Israel, Poland and Turkey (1) 15 Venezuela (6), United States (3), Argentina and Peru (2), Bermuda and Brazil (1) 9 7 4 India (5), Australia and China (2), Guam* Jamaica (3), Dominican Republic, Grenada, Puerto Rico and Trinidad and Tobago (1) South Africa* (2), Egypt and Nigeria (1)
Americas Asia & Oceania Caribbean Africa
NOTE - Helen Morgan (United Kingdom) and Gabriella Brum (Germany) resigned and were replaced by their respective 1st runners-up: Anneline Kriel of South Africa in 1974 and Kimberley Santos of Guam in 1980.
Continental queens of beauty
Main article: List of Miss World Continental Queens of Beauty
The following is a list of Continental Queens of Beauty winners since 2004.

Year Africa South Sudan Atong Demach South Africa 2011 Bokang Montjane Ivian Sarcos Americas Brazil Mariana Notarangelo Asia & Oceania China PR Yu Wenxia Caribbean Jamaica Deanna Robins Europe Wales Sophie Elizabeth Moulds
2012
Venezuela
Philippines Gwendoline Ruais
Puerto Rico Amanda Vilanova
England Alize Lily Mounter
Botswana 2010 Emma Wareus
United States Alexandria Mills
China PR Xiao Tang
St. Lucia Aiasha Gustave
Ireland Emma Britt Waldron
South Africa 2009 Tatum Keshwar Angola 2008 Brigith dos Santos
Mexico Perla Beltrn
Korea Kim Joo-ri
Barbados Leah Marville
Gibraltar Kaiane Aldorino
Venezuela Hannelly Quintero
India Parvathy Omanakuttan
Trinidad & Tobago Gabrielle Walcott Trinidad & Tobago Valene Maharaj Jamaica Sara Lawrence Tana
Russia Ksenia Sukhinova
Angola 2007 Micaela Reis Angola 2006 Stiviandra Oliveira
Mexico Carolina Morn
China PR Zhang Zilin Australia Sabrina Houssami
Sweden Annie Oliv Romania Ioana Boitor (as Southern
Brazil Jane Borges
Czech Republic
Year
Africa
Americas
Asia & Oceania (as Asia-Pacific)
Caribbean
Europe Kuchaov (as Northern Europe) Iceland Europe)
Korea Tanzania 2005 Nancy Sumari Dafne Molina Mexico Oh Eun-young
Italy
Puerto Rico Unnur Birna Sofia Bruscoli Vilhjlmsdttir Ingrid Marie (as Northern Europe) (as Southern Europe)
(as Asia-Pacific) Rivera
Nigeria 2004 Anita Uwagbale
Peru Mara Julia Mantilla
Philippines Maria Karla Bautista
Dominican Republic Claudia Cruz
Poland Katarzyna Borowicz
Queens of beauty titles

Main article: Continental Queens Tabulation (Complete List)
These are the countries with the most Continental Queen of Beauty titles per continental group (region in bold) throughout the years:
Country Titles Awarded as Americas Winning years 1981, 1984, 1987, 1988, 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1999, 2008, 2011 1991, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2009, 2011 1990, 1991, 1993, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2003, 2006, 2012 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1988, 1989 1991
Venezuela 12 South Africa Jamaica
11 9 6
Africa Caribbean Oceania Asia & Oceania
Australia 1
1 India 6
Asia-Pacific Asia & Oceania Asia & Oceania Asia Europe Asia & Oceania Asia Asia & Oceania Asia & Oceania
2006 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2008
China PR
6 3
2001, 2002, 2003, 2007, 2010, 2012 1983, 1984, 1985 1998, 1999 1993, 2004, 2011 1982, 1986 1988, 1995, 2005, 2009
Israel 2 3 Philippines 2 Korea 4
Thailand
1989, 1992
Pageant controversies
The Miss World pageant has been the target of many controversies since its inception.

In 1970, feminist protesters threw flour bombs during the live event at London's Royal Albert Hall, momentarily scaring the host, Bob Hope.[26][27] In 1973, the judges made their final rankings of the seven finalists by assessing each one's personality, stage presence and the ability to speak before an audience. The Majority Vote System determined the final rankings of the seven finalists. Odd numbers of judges were always used, to prevent ties from occurring. Chairman of the judges in 1973 was Peter Dimmock, Head of BBC Outside Broadcasts. The winner, Marjorie Wallace, was fired on 8 March 1974, because she had failed to live up to the "first-class public image" of the position. However, she is still the official titleholder, as the Miss World title was not offered to the runners-up. In 1976, several countries went on a boycott, because the pageant included both a Caucasian and African representative for South Africa.[28] South Africa competed for the last time in 1977, before it was welcomed back in 1991 as that policy disintegrated.[29] The 1980 winner Gabriella Brum of Germany resigned one day after winning, initially claiming her boyfriend disapproved. A few days later it emerged that she had been forced to resign after it was discovered that she posed naked for a magazine.[30]
In 1996, wide-scale protests took place in Bangalore, India, over the hosting of the beauty contest. The swimsuit shootings were moved to the Seychelles, and heavy security was placed. Despite the chaos, the pageant's live telecast went on smoothly.[31][32][33]
The 2002 Nigeria contest

Main article: Miss World 2002
In the year leading up the finals in Nigeria, several European title holders lobbied their governments and the EU parliament to support Amina Lawal's cause.[34][35] A number of contestants followed the lead of Kathrine Srland of Norway in boycotting the contest (despite the controversy Srland would go on to become a semifinalist in both the Miss World and Miss Universe contest), while others such as Costa Rica were instructed by their national governments and parliaments not to attend the contest. Among the other boycotting nations were Denmark, Spain, Switzerland, Panama, Belgium and Kenya. There was further controversy over the possibly suspended participation of France and South Africa, which may or may not have been due to the boycott.[36] For her part, Lawal asked that contestants not suspend their participation in the contest, saying that it was for the good of her country and that they could, as the representative of Sweden had earlier remarked, make a much stronger case for her on the ground in Nigeria.[37] Despite the increasing international profile the boycott was garnering in the world press, the contest went ahead in Nigeria after being rescheduled to avoid taking place during Ramadan, with many prominent nations sending delegates. Osmel Sousa of Venezuela, one of the world's most influential national directors, famously said "there is no question about it (the participation of Miss Venezuela in the contest)." The trouble did not end there, however. A ThisDay (Lagos, Nigeria) newspaper editorial suggesting that Muhammad would probably have chosen one of his wives from among the contestants had he been alive to see it (this suggestion would have been considered an insult to most Moslems because contestants bared themselves in bathing suits which is considered immoral by conservative Muslim standards), resulted in inter-religious riots that started on 22 November in which over 200 people were killed in the city of Kaduna, along with many houses of worship being burned by religious zealots.[38] Because of these riots, the 2002 pageant was moved to London, following widely circulated reports that the representatives of Canada and Korea had withdrawn from the contest and returned to their respective countries out of safety concerns. A fatwa urging the beheading of the woman who wrote the offending words, Isioma Daniel, was issued in Nigeria, but was declared null and void by the relevant Saudi Arabian authorities.[39][40][41][42] Upon the pageant's return to England, many of the boycotting contestants chose to attend, including Miss Norway, Kathrine Srland, who was ironically tipped in the last few days as the number one favourite for the crown she had previously boycotted.[43][44][45][46][47] The eventual winner of the pageant was Azra Akn of Turkey, the first predominantly Muslim country to hold the title since Egypt in 1954.[48]
References
1. ^ "Tianjin Miss World China Pageant comes to a close". China Daily. 28 August 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 2. ^ "Miss Universe on August 23". Timesofmalta.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 3. ^ "Pageant News Bureau Miss World: A long, glittering history". Pageant.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 4. ^ "Brazils Miss World finalist has her hands and feet amputated". English.pravda.ru. 22 January 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 5. ^ Singapore must not give up its 59 seconds of fame[dead link] 6. ^ "Tracing the regal existence of Miss Universe". Spicezee.com. 7 October 2008. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 7. ^ Philanthropy Magazine: Beauty With A Purpose 8. ^ "Frontline World: A Pageant is Born". Pbs.org. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 9. ^ "Bet on Miss World Pageant". Covers.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 10. ^ "Bikini ban at Miss World pageant". Retrieved June 8, 2013. 11. ^ http://www.bbc.co.uk/radio4/womanshour/timeline/1960.shtml 12. ^ "Tiza.com. Miss World". Tiza.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 13. ^ "Should the Miss World pageant have gone ahead?". BBC News. 9 December 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 14. ^ "Mayor's frosty reception for Miss World". BBC News. 26 November 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 15. ^ Miss World contest history 16. ^ "Miss World facts". Worldcountrylink.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 17. ^ "Miss World Riots in Nigeria". Democracynow.org. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 18. ^ "Nigerian woman fights stoning". BBC News. 8 July 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 19. ^ "ElEconomista.es. Miss World Organisation and Mauj Telecom Ink Global Deal on Mobile Content and Applications". El Economista. 6 dojlsjofj;snmdfpojamSNFPO jNGMLMWegFJ P;Mlgn sdmGKMEGOph9 NP>weG :egfSDG June 2006. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 20. ^ Philanthropy World. Beauty with a Purpose 21. ^ "Newly crowned Miss Namibia 2009, Happie Ntelamo". The Economist .na. 19 June 2009. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 22. ^ "Warsaw-life.com. Miss World comes to Warsaw". Warsaw-life.com. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 23. ^ EuroBiz Magazine, July 2006. Sanya's place in the sun[dead link] 24. ^ "Miss World 1951". Pageantopolis. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 25. ^ "Miss World 1952". Pageantopolis. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 26. ^ History of Miss World 1970 1979 27. ^ "Last milestone on a record-breaking comedy Road ... Bob Hope dies at 100". Buzzle.com. 29 July 2003. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 28. ^ "Miss World 1976". Pageantopolis. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 29. ^ "Miss World 1977". Pageantopolis. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 30. ^ "Miss World 1980". Pageantopolis. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 31. ^ CNN Miss Greece now Miss World, despite pageant protests[dead link] 32. ^ "Indian police prepare for worst in beauty pageant clash". CNN. 22 November 1996. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 33. ^ "Beauty pageant in India becomes a contest of wills". CNN. 22 November 1996. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 34. ^ "As Miss World Turns". The Nation. Retrieved 24 May 2011. 35. ^ "CNN Miss World boycott over Nigerian stoning". CNN. 7 September 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
36. 37. 38. 39. 40. 41. 42. 43. 44. 45. 46. 47. 48.
^ "Miss World 2002". Pageantopolis. Retrieved 24 May 2011. ^ "Woman sentenced to stoning freed". CNN. 26 September 2003. Retrieved 24 May 2011. ^ "Nigeria riots toll 'passes 200'". BBC News. 24 November 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. ^ "Miss World 2002 The World at their Feet". Isioma.net. Retrieved 24 May 2011. ^ Isioma Daniel (17 February 2003). "Nigerian journalist Isioma Daniel tells her story". The Guardian (UK). Retrieved 24 May 2011. ^ "Nigeria's journalist on the run". BBC News. 27 November 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. ^ "Miss World and Islam: "Fatwa" and Isioma Daniel a Nigerian "Fatwa"". Nigeria World. 26 November 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. ^ "Contestants boycott Miss World". Modern Gent. Retrieved 24 May 2011. ^ Telegraph.co.uk Don't boycott Nigeria's Miss World contest, begs mother facing stoning ^ Telegraph.co.uk Contestants threaten Miss World boycott over stoning ^ "Nigeria faces Miss World boycott threat". BBC News. 27 August 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. ^ "Miss World Nigeria boycott spreads". BBC News. 6 September 2002. Retrieved 24 May 2011. ^ "Miss World". Pageantopolis. Retrieved 24 May 2011.
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Femina Miss India

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. This article's factual accuracy is disputed. (September 2012) This article needs additional citations for verification. (September 2012) This article possibly contains original research. (September 2012) Femina Miss India 1964 Formation Beauty Pageant Type Mumbai, India Headquarters India Location Miss Universe Miss World Miss Earth Miss International Membership Miss Supranational Miss United Continent Miss Heritage World Bride of the World Official languages Standard Hindi, English National director Marc Robinson feminamissindia.indiatimes.com Website Miss India or Femina Miss India is a national beauty pageant in India that annually selects representatives to compete globally. The winner of Femina Miss India vies in Miss World, the first runner up competes in Miss Earth, and the second runner up goes to compete in Miss International.[1] It is organised by Femina, a women's magazine published by Bennett, Coleman & Co. Ltd. In previous years, the top three finalists were variously crowned Miss India World, Miss India Universe and Miss India Earth/International/Asia-Pacific. Femina Miss India used to select a winner and two runners up who were then sent to Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss Asia Pacific pageants, respectively. In 1994, after India's historic win at the International pageants, the organization ended the practice of crowning a single winner and instead decided that the top three winners were designated as winners with equal visibility and prizes.[2] In 2002, the third winner was designated to Miss Earth instead of Miss Asia Pacific. In 2010, Femina Miss India decided that they would no longer send a representative to Miss Universe, and relinquished the Miss Universe franchise, choosing instead to designate the third winner to represent India in Miss International pageant. In 2013 Femina Miss India awarded the franchise back after I AM She Miss Universe India concluded their
contract with Miss Universe Organization. It announced that Miss Universe India will be produced in isolation and as a separate pageant to select India's representative to Miss Universe. The pageant is called Indian Diva. The 50th edition of Ponds Femina Miss India 2013 was held in Mumbai on 24 March 2013. The show was telecast live on Colors (TV channel).
Contents

1 History 2 International pageants 3 Controversies 4 By number of wins o 4.1 Miss Universe o 4.2 Miss World o 4.3 Miss Earth o 4.4 Miss International o 4.5 Miss Supranational o 4.6 Miss United Continent o 4.7 Miss Heritage World o 4.8 Miss Asia Pacific International 5 References 6 External links
History
The first Miss India was Pramila (Esther Victoria Abraham), from Calcutta, who won in 1947.[1] [2] Over the years, Indian participation in the international picture has grown.
International pageants
Miss India has been participating in the Miss Universe pageant since 1952, starting with Indrani Rehman and in the Miss World pageant since 1959, starting with Fleur Ezekiel. Historically, the Femina Miss India pageant sent the winner of the pageant to the Miss Universe pageant, and Eve's Weekly, a rival women's publication sent the winner of its Miss India contest to Miss World. In the late 80s, Femina acquired the rights to send a representative to Miss World as well, and started to send the winner to Miss Universe and the runner-up to the Miss World contest. In 1994, following India's historic dual wins at both Miss Universe and Miss World, the custom of crowning a single winner was discontinued. Instead, the top three placers were each designated a winner, with equal prizes, visibility and responsibilities, and crowned Femina Miss IndiaUniverse, Femina Miss India-World, and Femina Miss India-Asia Pacific. In 2002, the third title was changed to Femina Miss India-Earth, to designate India's representation at the newly launched Miss Earth pageant, focused on the cause of environmental advocacy. From 2007 to
2009, three equal winners were selected going to Miss Universe, Miss World, and Miss Earth.[3][4] In 2010, Femina Miss India decided to stop sending representatives to the Miss Universe pageant entirely, choosing instead to send a crowned winner to Miss International. The awards for 1989 were given at the end of the year (December); hence there was no separate contest for 1990. In 1994, Sushmita Sen won the Miss Universe title after winning the Miss India crown and became the first Indian woman ever to win the Miss Universe crown. The same year the runnerup of Miss India, Aishwarya Rai, won the Miss World title. Sushmita Sen and Aishwarya Rai established themselves in the Bollywood industry after winning their titles. The success of Rai and Sen spawned coaching institutions which were set up to groom young women in pageant participation skills. The number of participants in the preliminary rounds of the pageant has increased considerably. Miss India World 1997, Diana Hayden won the title of Miss World 1997. In 1999, the Miss India runner-up Yukta Mookhey went on to win the Miss World that year. In 2000, three of the Miss India winners won their respective international pageants Lara Dutta (Miss Universe), Priyanka Chopra (Miss World) and Diya Mirza (Miss Asia Pacific). The only other country to have won all three major titles in one year was Australia in 1972. In 2010, Nicole Faria became the first Indian to win the Miss Earth title in Vietnam, which leaves Miss International as the only major international pageant that has not been won by an Indian contestant.
Controversies
Controversies erupted in the year 2008 when president of Gladrags, Maureen Wadia, served a legal notice to the newly crowned Pantaloons Femina Miss India Earth 2008, Harshita Saxena for violation of a two-year exclusive contract with Gladrags which had been signed by Harshita in 2006. To participate in any other beauty pageant, Harshita would have required a written letter of no-objection from Gladrags. Earlier in an interview with CNN-IBN Maureen Wadia said, "Harshita Saxena from Goa is a Gladrags model. She was a part of my Megamodel Contract in April 2006. Her contract has not expired and Harshita has entered in some other contest before the contract has expired. The contract clearly said that she has to take my permission." Owing to this, Harshita had to give up the title and the crown passed on to Tanvi Vyas who represented India in the Miss Earth 2008 pageant held in November 2008.[5] Harshita was later placed fourth in Miss India 2009 and represented India in Miss International 2009. Tantra Entertainment Pvt. Ltd. (TEPL), in partnership with Sushmita Sen, started a new pageant called I Am She Miss Universe India. The winner of this pageant will participate in the Miss Universe pageant.[6]
In 1989, the winner Kalpana Pandit was found to have misrepresented her nationality (she was holding an American passport); she was stripped of her title and Dolly Mihas was declared winner.[7] In 2004, Lakshmi Pandit (sister of Kalpana Pandit) was initially declared as the winner but had to return the title as she was married (to Siddarth Mishra); Sayali Bhagat was ultimately declared as the winner. The Pandit sisters are from Mysore, Karnataka. They are M.B.B.S graduates.[8]
By number of wins
Pageant Miss Universe Miss World Miss Earth Miss International Miss Supranational Miss United Continent Miss Asia Pacific International Winner Titles 2 5 1 Winning years 1994, 2000 1966, 1994, 1997, 1999, 2000 2010
None None None
3 Finalist
1970, 1973, 2000 Semifinalist
Miss Universe
India did not compete in the Miss Universe pageant from 19531963. I AM She Miss India Universe sent its delegates to Miss Universe from 2010 to 2012. A separate pageant Miss Indian Diva 2013 will be held to send delegates from 2013 onwards. Year Representative 2013 2009 Ekta Chowdhary 2008 Simran Kaur Mundi 2007 Puja Gupta 2006 Neha Kapur 2005 Amrita Thapar 2004 Tanushree Dutta 2003 Nikita Anand 2002 Neha Dhupia 2001 Celina Jaitley 2000 Lara Dutta 1999 Gul Panag State Haryana Maharashtra Delhi Delhi Maharashtra Jharkhand Delhi Delhi West Bengal Karnataka Punjab Ranking
Unplaced
Top 10 finalist Top 20 finalist

Unplaced
Top 10 finalist
Unplaced
Top 10 finalist 4th Runner-up Miss Universe 2000 Top 10 finalist
1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1989 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1977 1976 1975 1974 1973 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1967 1966 1965 1964 1952
Lymaraina D'Souza Nafisa Joseph Sandhya Chib Manpreet Brar Sushmita Sen Namrata Shirodkar Madhu Sapre Christabelle Howie Suzanne Sablok Dolly Minhas succeeded dethroned winner Kalpana Pandit. Shabnam Patel also won the title of Miss MaxFactor in 1989. Priyadarshini Pradhan Mehr Jessia Sonu Walia Juhi Chawla Rekha Hande Pamela Chaudry Singh Rachita Kumar Sangeeta Bijlani Swaroop Sampat Alamjeet Kaur Chauhan Bineeta Bose Naina Sudhir Balsavar Meenakshi Kurpad Shailini Bhavnath Dholakia Farzana Habib Roopa Satyan Raj Gill Veena Sajnani Kavita Bhambhani Anjum Mumtaz Barg Nayyara Mirza Yasmin Daji Persis Khambatta Meher Castelino Mistri Indrani Rehman
Maharashtra Karnataka Karnataka Delhi Delhi Maharashtra Maharashtra Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Chandigarh
Top 10 finalist Top 10 finalist Top 10 finalist 1st Runner-up Miss Universe 1994 Top 6 finalist 2nd Runner-up
Unplaced
Semifinalist
Unplaced
Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra New Delhi Punjab Karnataka New Delhi Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Chandigarh Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Mumbai Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra New Delhi Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Tamil Nadu
Best National Costume Award Unplaced Best National Costume Award Unplaced Best National Costume Award Unplaced Best National Costume Award Unplaced
Semifinalist Semifinalist Semifinalist
Unplaced
3rd Runner-up
Unplaced Debut
Miss World
India did not send delegates in 1967, 1965, 1964, 1963 Year Representative 2013 Navneet Kaur Dhillon 2012 Vanya Mishra 2011 Kanishtha Dhankhar 2010 Manasvi Mamgai 2009 Pooja Chopra 2008 Parvathy Omanakuttan 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 Sarah Jane Dias Natasha Suri Sindhura Gadde Sayali Bhagat1 Ami Vashi Shruti Sharma Sara Corner Priyanka Chopra Yukta Mookhey Annie Thomas Diana Hayden State Punjab Punjab Haryana Uttarakhand West Bengal Kerala Karnataka Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Gujarat Uttar Pradesh Karnataka Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Kerala Andhra Pradesh Tamil nadu Karnataka Karnataka Chandigarh Karnataka New Delhi Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Top 7 finalist, Beauty With a Purpose
winner, Multimedia Award winner
Placement
Top 30 quarter finalist

Unplaced
Semifinalist, Beauty With a Purpose

winner
1st Runner-up, Continental Queen of

Beauty Asia Pacific Unplaced
Semifinalist Semifinalist
Unplaced
Top 5 finalist Semifinalist

Unplaced
Miss World 2000 Miss World 1999

Unplaced
1996 Rani Jeyraj 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1990 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 1982 Preeti Mankotia Aishwarya Rai Karminder Kaur-Virk Shyla Lopez Ritu Singh Naveeda Mehdi Anuradha Kottur Manisha Kohli Maureen Mary Lestourgeon Sharon Mary Clarke Suchita Kumar Sweety Grewal Uttara Mhatre Kher
Miss World 1997 3rd Runner-up, Continental Queen of

Beauty Asia Pacific Unplaced
Miss World 1994

Unplaced
Semifinalist
Unplaced
1981 1980 1979 1978
Deepti Divakar Elizabeth Anita Reddi Raina Winifred Mendonica Kalpana Iyer
Andhra Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Maharashtra
Semifinalist
Unplaced
Semifinalist
Withdrew in protest against the presence of a white Miss South Africa
1977 Veena Prakash 1976 1975 1974 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1966 1962 1961 1960 1959 Naina Balsavar Anjana Sood Kiran Dholakia Malathi Basappa Prema Narayan Heather Corinne Faville Adina Shellim Jane Coelho Reita Faria Ferial Karim Veronica Leonora Torcato Iona Pinto Fleur Ezekiel Maharashtra Maharashtra Karnataka Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Maharashtra New Delhi Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra
Withdrew Semifinalist
Unplaced
4th Runner-up
Unplaced
Semifinalist
Unplaced
Miss World 1966 Semifinalist

Unplaced Debut
Miss Earth
Nicole Faria is the first and only Indian woman to win Miss Earth title. Year Representative 2013 Sobhita Dhulipala 2012 Prachi Mishra 2011 Hasleen Kaur 2010 Nicole Faria 2009 Shriya Kishore 2008 Tanvi Vyas2 2007 Pooja Chitgopekar 2006 Amruta Patki 2005 Niharika Singh 2004 Jyoti Brahmin3 2003 Shweta Vijay 2002 Reshmi Ghosh State Andhra Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Delhi Karnataka Maharashtra Gujarat Karnataka Maharashtra Uttaranchal, now known as Uttarakhand West Bengal Kerala West Bengal Ranking
Unplaced Unplaced
Special Awards Miss Congeniality Miss Talent
Miss Earth 2010 Top 16 Semifinalist

Unplaced
1st Runner-up (Miss Earth Air) 1st Runner-up (Miss Best in Long Gown Earth Air)
Unplaced
Top 16 Semifinalist
Unplaced Unplaced
2001 Shamita Singha
Maharashtra
Top 10 Semifinalist
Best in National Costume
Miss International
An Indian woman has never won the Miss International title and India did not send delegates to Miss International in 1963 -1967, 1972, 1977, 1989, 1990. Year Representative 2013 Zoya Afroz 2012 Rochelle Maria Rao 2011 Ankita Shorey 2010 Neha Hinge 2009 Harshita Saxena 2008 Radha Brahmbhatt 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 2002 2001 2000 1999 1998 1997 1996 1995 1994 1993 1992 1991 1988 1987 1986 1985 1984 1983 Esha Gupta Sonali Sehgal Vaishali Desai Mihika Verma Shonali Nagrani Gauhar Khan Kanwal Toor Gayatri Joshi Srikrupa Murali Shwetha Jaishanker Diya Abraham Fleur Xavier Priya Gill Fransesca Hart Pooja Batra Kamal Sandhu Preeti Mankotia Shikha Swaroop Erika Maria de Souza Poonam Pahlet Gidwant Vinita Seshadri Vasan Nalanda Ravindra Bhandar Sahila Chadha State Uttar Pradesh Tamilnadu Jammu & Kashmir Madhya Pradesh Goa Gujarat, Northwood, London Maharashtra West Bengal Maharashtra Maharashtra New Delhi Maharashtra New Delhi Maharashtra Karnataka Tamil Nadu Kerala Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra New Delhi Karnataka Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra New Delhi West Bengal Maharashtra Ranking Top 15 Semifinalist
Unplaced
Top 15 Semifinalist
Unplaced
Semifinalist
Unplaced
Semifinalist 1st Runner-up

Unplaced
Semifinalist Semifinalist
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2nd Runner-up 1st Runner-up

Unplaced
Semifinalist
Unplaced
Semifinalist
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Semifinalist
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Semifinalist
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1982 1981 1980 1979 1978 1976 1975 1974 1972 1971 1970 1969 1968 1962 1961 1960
Betty O'Connor Meenakshi Seshadri Ulrika Karen Bredemeyer Nita Pinto Sabita Dhanrajgir Nafisa Ali Indira Maria Bredemeyer Leslie Jean Hartnett Indira Muthanna Samita Mukherjee Patricia D'Souza Wendy Leslie Vaz Sumita Sen Sheila Chonkar Diana Valentine Iona Pinto
Maharashta Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Maharashtra Punjab Maharashtra Maharashtra New Delhi Karnataka West Bengal New Delhi Maharashtra West Bengal Maharashtra New Delhi Maharashtra
2nd Runner-up 2nd Runner-up

Unplaced
Semifinalist
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Semifinalist
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1st Runner-up
Miss Supranational
An Indian woman has never won Miss Supranational crown. Year Representative 2013 Vijaya Sharma State Delhi Ranking Special Awards
Miss United Continent

An Indian woman has never won Miss United Continent crown. Year Representative 2013 Purva Rana State Himachal Pradesh Ranking Special Awards
Miss Heritage World

An Indian woman has never won Miss Heritage World crown. Year Representative 2013 Swati Kain State Delhi Ranking Special Awards
Miss Asia Pacific International
Miss India used to send its third winner to compete in Miss Asia Pacific. Even though Miss Asia Pacific International was a prestigious beauty pageant, it wasn't conducted regularly and in 2006 ceased to exist. Since 2002 the Femina Miss India organisation sent the third winner to Miss Earth and since 2010 the second winner competes in Miss Earth. The last candidate from Miss India to Miss Asia Pacific was Simran Chandok. Year Representative 2005 Simran Chandok 2003 Shonal Rawat 2002 Tina Chatwal 2001 Maheshwari Thiagaranjan 2000 Dia Mirza 1999 Shivangi Parikkh 1998 Vikkitha Aggarwal 1997 Divya Chauhan 1996 Mini Menon 1995 Ruchi Malhotra 1994 Shweta Menon 1993 Namrata Shirodkar 1992 Mehroo Jal Mistry 1989 Anuradha Ramani 1988 Viola Antony 1987 Jasleem Kaur 1986 Ana Vasan 1985 Seema Malhotra 1983 Monica Lakhmana 1982 Aparna Sharma 1981 Mehjabeen Ayub Khan 1980 Upneet Pannu 1979 Maureen Mary Lestourgeon 1978 Preeti Koppikar 1977 Marianne De Souza 1976 Anna Adriane Bredemeyer 1975 Seema Marwaha 1974 Marilyn Theresa Ferreira 1973 Tara Anna Fonseca 1972 Samita Mukherjee 1971 Urmila Sanandan 1970 Zeenat Aman Ranking
Unplaced
1st Runner-up 2nd Runner-up

Unplaced
Miss Asia Pacific 2000

Unplaced
1st Runner-up
Unplaced
1st Runner-up
Unplaced
1st Runner-up
Unplaced
1st Runner-up
Unplaced
1st Runner-up 2nd Runner-up

Unplaced

Unplaced
1969 Tasneem Fakir Mohammed 1968 Anabella Crawford
Unplaced
1. ^ First won by Lakshmi Pandit (abdicated) 2. ^ First Won By Harshita Saxena (dethroned) 3. ^ First won by Sayali Bhagat, who later became Miss India World Photographs of international titleholders:
Sushmita Sen, Miss Universe 1994
Lara Dutta, Miss Universe 2000
Aishwarya Rai, Miss World 1994
Diana Hayden, Miss World 1997
Yukta Mookhey, Miss World 1999
Priyanka Chopra, Miss World 2000
Nicole Faria, Miss Earth 2010
Zeenat Aman, Miss Asia Pacific 1970
Dia Mirza, Miss Asia Pacific 2000
References
1. ^ Devi, Kanchana (28 March 2012). "Miss India 2012: Who will win this time?". Truth Dive. Retrieved 28 March 2012. 2. ^ "50 YEARS OF MISS INDIA: HIGHS AND LOWS!". Times of India. 24 March 2013. Retrieved 24 March 2013. 3. ^ "The Hindu News Update Service". The Hindu. 9 April 2007. Retrieved 2010-05-17. 4. ^ News, Press Trust of India (9 April 2007). "No runners-up in Miss India contest; all 3 winners are equal". Daily News and Analysis and Press Trust of India. Retrieved 1 March 2012. 5. ^ "Miss India Earth to fight for crown in court Movies News". ibnlive. 3 February 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-17. 6. ^ "30 contestants gear up for Miss Universe". Hindustan Times. 30 April 2010. Retrieved 2010-05-17. 7. ^ "Returns Crown". 8. ^ "Pandit returns Miss India-World crown". Rediff.com. 31 March 2004.
External links

Femina Miss India official website Femina Miss India Photos [hide]

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Miss India winners in the Grand Slam pageants

Miss Universe

Sushmita Sen (1994) Lara Dutta (2000) Reita Faria (1966) Aishwarya Rai (1994) Diana Hayden (1997) Yukta Mookhey (1999) Priyanka Chopra (2000) Nicole Faria (2010) -
Miss World
Miss Earth Miss International

Dominican Republic India Panam Philippines
Puerto Rico USA Venezuela [show]

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Miss Universe
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed. (April 2012) Miss Universe
Logo of the Miss Universe pageant 1952 Formation Beauty Pageant Type New York City, United States Headquarters Official languages English Paula Shugart President Donald Trump Key people www.missuniverse.com Website Miss Universe is an annual international beauty contest that is run by the Miss Universe Organization. Along with the Miss Earth and Miss World contests, Miss Universe is one of the three largest beauty pageants in the world in terms of the number of national-level competitions to participate in the world finals[1][2][3] The contest was founded in 1952 by California clothing company Pacific Mills. The pageant became part of Kayser-Roth and then Gulf+Western Industries, before being acquired by Donald Trump in 1996.[4][5] The pageant is broadcast on NBC, simulcast in Spanish on Telemundo and webcast on Xbox Live. In 1998, Miss Universe changed its name from Miss Universe, Inc. to Miss Universe Organization and the headquarters moved from Los Angeles, California, to New York City that year. Donald Trump brought in a new team of professionals to the contest headed by its new CEO, Molly Miles, and president Maureen Reidy.[6] The contest would use the slogan "Redefined for Today" for promotion of the pageants.[7]
In 1998, the logo of Miss Universe "the woman with stars" was born, representing the beauty and responsibility of women around the Universe. Miss Universe is part of the Big Four international beauty pageants. The current Miss Universe is Olivia Culpo from USA. She was crowned on December 19, 2012 in Las Vegas by Miss Universe 2011, Leila Lopes from Angola.
Contents
1 History o 1.1 Competition formats o 1.2 The contest today o 1.3 Contestant selection o 1.4 Main pageant o 1.5 Final judgment o 1.6 Crown o 1.7 Musical score 2 Recent titleholders o 2.1 Winners gallery o 2.2 By number of wins o 2.3 Top 15 countries by tally 3 Records and Achievements o 3.1 Age Records o 3.2 Height Records o 3.3 Gap Records o 3.4 Reign Records o 3.5 Delegate Records 4 See also 5 References 6 External links
History
The first use of the title "Miss Universe" was as part of International Pageant of Pulchritude which began in 1926. These events, the first international contests, lasted until 1935 when the Great Depression and other events preceding World War II led to their demise. This pageant had no direct relationship with the modern event. The winner of the later "Miss America 1951" pageant, Yolande Betbeze, refused to pose in a swimsuit from its major sponsor, Catalina Swimwear. As a result, the brand's manufacturer Pacific Mills withdrew from Miss America and set up the Miss USA and Miss Universe contests. The first Miss Universe Pageant was held in Long Beach, California in 1952. It was won by Armi Kuusela from Finland, who gave up her title (though not officially) to get married, shortly
before her year was complete. Until 1958 the Miss Universe title (like Miss America) was postdated, so at the time Ms. Kuusela's title was Miss Universe 1953. The pageant was first televised in 1955. CBS began nationally broadcasting the combined Miss USA and Miss Universe pageants from 1960 and, separately, from 1965. In 2003 NBC took over the television rights.
Competition formats
In the early years of the pageant the delegates who made the cut were announced after the preliminary competition. From 1965 to the present day the semi-finalists were not announced until the night of the main event. The semi-finalists once again competed in evening gown and swimsuit and a top five were announced. An interview portion was introduced in 1960 to decide the runners-up and winner. From 1959 to 1964 there were slight format changes. From 1959 through 1963 there was no cut to reach the five finalists. The runners-up and winner were called from the assembled 15 semifinalists. In 1965 the pageant returned to the original format of a cut to five finalists, and remained so until 1989. In 1969 a final question was posed to the last five contestants. The final question was an on-andoff feature of the pageant. In 1990 it had taken root, and with every pageant since the final contestants have had to answer a final question. In 1990 the pageant implemented major format changes in the competition itself. Instead of five finalists, the field was reduced from 10 semi-finalists to six. Each contestant then randomly selected a judge and answered the question posed by the judge. After that, the field was narrowed down further to a final three. In 1998, the number of finalists was reduced to five, although there still was a cut to a final three. This continued to 2001, where the final five format was reinstated. In 2000 the interview portion of the semi-finals was quietly dropped and the contestants once again, as in the early days of the pageant, competed only in swimsuit and gowns. In 2003 the Top 15 was again selected instead of the Top 10. Cuts were made to make the Top 10, and eventually the Top 5. The final question varied, each coming from the final delegates themselves and the current Miss Universe. In 2006 twenty semi-finalists were announced, with these delegates competing in the swimsuit competition. The number of competing delegates was then cut to ten, with those delegates competing in the evening gown competition. After that round of competition, the final five were
announced, with the finalists competing in the "final question" or interview round. At the end of competition the runners-up were announced and the winner crowned by the outgoing queen. In 2007 the format changed slightly with the top 15 moving to the swimsuit competition; from there, 10 selected contestants moved on to the evening gown competition where half were eliminated. The final five were competing in the "final question". At the end of competition the runners-up were announced and the winner crowned by the outgoing queen. In 2011, for the first time ever, one of the sixteen semifinalists was selected exclusively by fans via online voting.
The contest today

The Miss Universe Organization, a New Yorkbased partnership between NBC and Donald Trump, has run the contest since June 20, 2002. The current president is Paula Shugart. The Organization sells television rights to the pageant in other countries, and also produces the Miss USA and Miss Teen USA contests with the winner of Miss USA representing the USA in Miss Universe.
Contestant selection
Each year, Miss Universe organizers receive bids from organizations who wish to select the Miss Universe contestant for a country. This allows competition between different pageants to hold a country's license, as happened for Miss Italy and Miss France for example, when the licenses for their respective traditional organizations were revoked (the usual Miss France competition returned in 2004). Usually a country's candidate selection involves pageants in major cities, with the winners competing in a national pageant, but this does not always occur. For example, in 2000 Australia's national pageant was abolished as a relic of a bygone era, with Australian delegates instead chosen by a modeling agency. Such "castings" are generally discouraged by the Miss Universe Organization, which prefers national pageants that preserve an aura of respectability and competition. Despite being "cast", Miss Australia, Jennifer Hawkins, was chosen as Miss Universe 2004. Later that year, Australia resumed its national pageant and chose Michelle Guy as Miss Universe Australia 2005. Some of the most successful national pageants in the last decade have been Venezuela, USA, Puerto Rico, France etc. which command consistently high interest and television ratings in their respective countries.[8] Recent arrivals in the pageant include China (2002), Albania (2002), Vietnam (2004), Georgia (2004), Ethiopia (2004), Latvia (2005), Kazakhstan (2006), Tanzania (2007), Kosovo (2008), Gabon (2012) and Lithuania (2012); there have also been efforts to revive strong national pageants in South Africa, Canada, Spain, Japan; Latin America (especially Venezuela, Puerto Rico, Dominican Republic, Mexico, Colombia, Ecuador and Brazil) among other regions. Prior powerhouses are Finland, Germany and Sweden. England is the most successful non-winning country with nine top-five positions.
The organization makes continual efforts to expand the pageant, but the participation of some countries such as Algeria has proven difficult due to cultural barriers to the swimsuit competition, while others such as Azerbaijan, Mozambique, Armenia and Nepal have balked at sending representatives due to the cost (in fact, of all the major international pageants, the franchise fee for Miss Universe is the most expensive). As of 2010, only four countries have been present at every Miss Universe since its inception in 1952: Canada, France, Germany, and the United States. Many European countries allow 17-year-old contestants to compete in their pageants, while Miss Universe's minimum age is 18, so national titleholders often have to be replaced by their runners-up. Miss Universe also prohibits transsexual applicants and age fabrication, but beginning in 2012, transgendered women will be allowed to compete.[9]
Main pageant
The main Miss Universe Pageant. as of this writing, is held over a two-week period in May and July. In the 1970s through the 1990s, the pageant was a month long. This allowed time for rehearsals, appearances, and the preliminary competition, with the winner being crowned by the previous year's titleholder during the final competition. According to the organizers, the Miss Universe contest is more than a beauty pageant: women aspiring to become Miss Universe must be intelligent, well-mannered, and cultured. Often a candidate has lost because she did not have a good answer during the question responses rounds; although this section of competition has held less importance during recent pageants than it did in the twentieth century. Delegates also participate in swimsuit and evening gown competitions. Currently, the final placement of the finalists is determined by a ranked vote, where each judge ranks each of the final three/five candidates, with the contestant posting the lowest cumulative score (thus often, but not necessarily always, the contestant with the most number one votes) becoming the winner. If there is a tie, the higher semifinal scores become decisive. The winner is assigned a one-year contract with the Miss Universe Organization, going overseas to spread messages about the control of diseases, peace, and public awareness of AIDS. Since Donald Trump took over the pageant, the winner has been given the use of a Trump Tower apartment in New York City for use during her reign. If the winner, for any reason, cannot fulfill her duties as Miss Universe, the 1st runner-up takes over. Aside from the main winner and her runners-up, special awards are also given to the winners of the best National Costume, Miss Photogenic, and Miss Congeniality. The Miss Congeniality award is chosen by the delegates themselves. In recent years, Miss Photogenic has been chosen by popular internet vote (the winner used to be chosen by media personnel covering the event).
Final judgment
The competition for the Miss Universe title has seen many changes, although there have been several constants throughout its history. All the contestants compete in a preliminary round of judging (nowadays called the "Presentation Show") where the field is narrowed to a select number of semi-finalists. This number has fluctuated over the years. The very first Miss
Universe pageant had ten semi-finalists. The next two years, the number of semi-finalists grew to 16. In 1955, the number dropped to a stable 15, which remained through 1970. In 1971, the number was reduced to 12. That number was further reduced to a mere 10 in 1984. This lasted until 2003, when the number of 15 was re-instated. In 2006, there were 20 semi-finalists, the highest number ever. In 2007, the Organization announced the Top 15 system would be back, which was also used in 2008 until 2010. In 2011, the system went through another change. Since then, are 16 semifinalists, 15 chosen by judges and one chosen by most popular by internet votes. In the early years, the contestants were judged in swimsuit and evening gown only. In later years, the contestants also competed in a preliminary interview round in a one-on-one meeting with each individual judge.
Crown
The Miss Universe crown used from 20022007 was designed by Mikimoto, the official jewellery sponsor of the Miss Universe Organization, and depicted the phoenix rising, signifying status, power and beauty. The crown has 500 diamonds of almost 30 carats (6.0 g), 120 South Sea and Akoya pearls, ranging in size from 3 to 18 mm diameter and is valued at $250,000. The Crown was designed specifically for the pageant on Mikimoto Pearl Island in Japan with the Mikimoto crown and tiara being first used for Miss Universe 2002.[10] Since 2009, Diamond Nexus Labs has made the Miss Universe crown. The crown is set with 1,371 gemstones, weighing a total of 416.09 carats (83.22 g). It contains 544.31 grams of 14k and 18k white gold as well as platinum. The crown features synthetic rubies to represent Miss Universe's HIV/AIDS education and awareness platform. Diamond Nexus Labs is the first ever eco-friendly Official Jeweler of Miss Universe and was selected as part of NBC Universal's "Green is Universal" initiative.
Musical score
2004 marked the first year for the Miss Universe pageant to use the Orent musical score, the official Miss Universe soundtrack. The Orent musical score is divided into eight sequences: the Orent Introduction the musical score played during the live telecast as the voice over begins the Miss Universe pageant, the Orent Major used for the cue after commercial and during the announcement of the newly crowned Miss Universe, the Orent Elimination used for the announcement of semi-finalists, the Orent Fashion Presentation, the Orent Interlude used while showing the ten finalists, the Orent Pregunta Final used while the final five finalists answer the final question, the Orent Final Look used for the final look of the five finalists, and the Orent Announcement used while announcing the positions of the final five delegates. In 2008, a new Orent Fashion Presentation was played during the Fadil Berisha swimsuit photoshoot, the 2008 version was now the called the Orent Curtain Call, which was used as Melanie B and Jerry Springer called out the delegates just before they made the first cut, making the Orent musical score divided into nine sequences.
Recent titleholders
Main article: List of Miss Universe titleholders Year Country/Territory Miss Universe 2013 TBA 2012 2011 2010 2009 2008 2007 2006 2005 2004 2003 USA Angola Mexico Venezuela Venezuela Japan Puerto Rico Canada Australia Dominican Republic Olivia Culpo Leila Lopes Ximena Navarrete Stefana Fernndez Dayana Mendoza Riyo Mori
National title Miss USA Miss Angola Nuestra Belleza Mxico Miss Venezuela Miss Venezuela
Location Moscow, Russia Las Vegas, United States So Paulo, Brazil Las Vegas, United States Nassau, Bahamas Nha Trang, Vietnam Mexico City, Mexico Los Angeles, United States Bangkok, Thailand Quito, Ecuador Panama City, Panama
Miss Universe Japan Miss Puerto Rico Zuleyka Rivera Universe Natalie Glebova Miss Universe Canada Jennifer Miss Universe Hawkins Australia Miss Dominican Amelia Vega Republic
Winners gallery
Miss Universe 2012 Olivia Culpo, USA
Miss Universe 2011 Leila Lopes, Angola
Miss Universe 2010 Ximena Navarrete, Mexico
Miss Universe 2009 Stefana Fernndez, Venezuela
Miss Universe 2008 Dayana Mendoza, Venezuela
Miss Universe 2007 Riyo Mori, Japan
Miss Universe 2006 Zuleyka Rivera, Puerto Rico
Miss Universe 2005 Natalie Glebova, Canada
Miss Universe 2004 Jennifer Hawkins, Australia
Miss Universe 2003 Amelia Vega, Dominican Republic
Miss Universe 2002 Justine Pasek, Panama
Miss Universe 2001 Denise Quiones, Puerto Rico
Miss Universe 2000 Lara Dutta, India
Miss Universe 1997 Brook Lee, USA
Miss Universe 1994 Sushmita Sen, India
Miss Universe 1987 Cecilia Bolocco, Chile
Miss Universe 1984 Yvonne Ryding, Sweden
Miss Universe 1965 Apasra Hongsakula, Thailand
Miss Universe 1952 Armi Kuusela, Finland
By number of wins
Country/Territory Winning years USA 1954, 1956, 1960, 1967, 1980, 1995, 1997, 2012 1979, 1981, 1986, 1996, 2008, 2009 Venezuela Puerto Rico 1970, 1985, 1993, 2001, 2006 Sweden 1955, 1966, 1984 Mexico 1991, 2010 1959, 2007 Japan Canada 1982, 2005 Australia 1972, 2004 1994, 2000 India Trinidad & Tobago 1977, 1998 1965, 1988 Thailand Finland 1952, 1975 Philippines 1969, 1973 1963, 1968 Brazil 2011 Angola Dominican Republic 2003 2002 Panama 1999 Botswana Namibia 1992 1990 Norway 1989 Netherlands 1987 Chile New Zealand 1983 1978 South Africa Israel 1976 1974 Spain 1971 Lebanon
Greece Argentina Germany Colombia Peru France Source:[11][12]
1964 1962 1961 1958 1957 1953
Top 15 countries by tally

Main article: Full Country Rankings for Miss Universe 1st 2nd Miss Rank Country/Territory Runner- RunnerUniverse up up 1 USA 8 8 6 2 6 6 6 Venezuela [14] [15] 3 5 1 2 Puerto Rico 4 Sweden 3 1 2 5 2 5 1 Brazil 6 Finland 2 3 5 7 Philippines 2 2 0 8 Australia 2 1 3 [17] [14] 9 2 1 1 Japan 10 2 1 1 India [15] 11 Canada 2 1 1 12 Mexico 2 0 1 Trinidad & 13 2 0 1 Tobago 14 2 0 1 Thailand [13] 15 1 4 2 Colombia 3rd Runnerup [13] 1 4 1 3 2 1 4 2[16] 2 1 1 2 0 0 3 4th Runnerup 5 2 3 4 4 1 2 2 3 1[18] 0 2 1 0 1
Semifinalists Total 28 14 7 16 17 6 7 6 9 14 11 10 4 4 19 56 38 19 29 31 18 17 16 18 20 16 17 8 7 30
Records and Achievements

The Miss Universe pageant continually celebrate diverse winners from different countries. From race to ethnicity, from height to age, or from religion to the number of languages spoken, all the winners generally reflect the global perspective of a beautiful woman of substance.
Age Records
Brook Lee ( USA) became to oldest winner at the age of 26 years, 128 days when she was crowned on May 16, 1997. Armi Kuusela ( Finland) became the first and the youngest winner at the age of 17 years, 303 days when she was crowned on June 28, 1952.
Height Records
Amelia Vega ( Dominican Republic) became the tallest winner at 6'1" when she was crowned on June 3, 2003.
There were two winners who both have a height of 5'4", the shortest height of a winner.

Luz Marina Zuluaga ( Colombia) became the shortest winner at 5'4" when she was crowned on July 25, 1958. Apasra Hongsakula ( Thailand) also became the shortest winner at 5'4" when she was crowned on July 24, 1965.
Gap Records
Japan holds the longest gap between wins at forty eight years (or 47 years, 308 days) when Riyo Mori ( Japan) was crowned on May 28, 2007. Japan) was crowned on July 24, 1959.
The last time Japan won was when Akiko Kojima (
Reign Records
Leila Lopes ( Angola) holds the longest reign in history at 1 year, 3 months and 1 week (or 1 year, 98 days). She was crowned on September 12, 2011 and crowned her successor Olivia Culpo ( USA) on December 19, 2012. Zuleyka Rivera ( Puerto Rico) holds the shortest completed reign in history at 10 months and 5 days (or 309 days). She was crowned on July 23, 2006 and crowned her successor Riyo Mori ( Japan) on May 28, 2007. Oxana Fedorova ( Russia) actually holds the shortest reign in history at 3 months, 3 weeks and 6 days (or 119 days), caused by her dethronement. She was crowned on May 28, 2002 and the pageant crowned her successor Justine Pasek ( Panama) on September 24, 2002. Justine Pasek ( Panama) holds the shortest reign of a runner-up who ascended to the crown in history at 8 months, 1 week and 3 days (or 252 days). She was crowned on September 24, 2002 and she crowned her successor Amelia Vega ( Dominican Republic) on June 3, 2003.
Delegate Records
The year with the least number of delegates was on 1953 with 26 delegates to which the eventual winner was Christiane Martel ( France) on July 17, 1953.
The years with the most number of delegates were on 2011 and 2012 with 89 delegates. Leila Lopes ( Angola) won in September 12, 2011 and Olivia Culpo ( USA) on December 19, 2012.
See also

International Pageant of Pulchritude Miss Tourism International Miss USA Miss World Miss International Miss Earth Miss International Queen
References
1. 2. 3. 4. ^ Washington Post: Trump and Rosie Argue Over Miss USA ^ Miss Venezuela Stefania Fernandez is Miss Universe 2009 ^ Miss Universe crown eludes Africa 55 times ^ Miss Universe Pageant Defends Credibility Amid Criticism Show is Degrading, Unprofessional 5. ^ Channel-i to telecast Miss Universe 2004 live! 6. ^ Foreman, Jonathan (January 18, 1999). "Mistress of the Universe". New York Post. Retrieved 24 February 2011. 7. ^ Suter, Bob (May 17, 2000). "Week on the web". Newsday. Retrieved 24 February 2011. "The official pageant site Miss Universe Redefined for Today." 8. ^ "Miss Venezuela Parades Online". PR Newswire. September 18, 2002. Retrieved 23 October 2010. "The Miss Venezuela broadcast, which on average captures a whopping 74% of the Venezuelan television market share for Venevision, will also be available to users on demand." 9. ^ Dillon, Nancy (10 April 2012). "Transgender contestants can compete in Miss Universe". Daily News (New York). 10. ^ The Miss Universe Mikimoto Crown 11. ^ Pageantopolis - Miss Universe 12. ^ Miss Universe - Past Titleholders 13. ^ a b "Unkissed Colombia girl is new Miss Universe". The Miami News. Associated Press. July 25, 1958. Retrieved 25 September 2011. 14. ^ a b "Puerto Rico wins, faints". The Age (Melbourne). July 24, 2006. Retrieved 10 November 2010. 15. ^ a b "Canada won the crown". El Universal. May 31, 2005. Retrieved 10 November 2010. 16. ^ "Miss Venezuela, Stefania Fernandez, Crowned Miss Universe". redorbit.com. PR Newswire. August 23, 2009. Retrieved 10 November 2010. 17. ^ "RP bet fails to advance to Top 15 in Miss Universe 2007". Philippine Daily Inquirer. May 29, 2007. Retrieved 10 November 2010.
18. ^ "Puerto Rican beauty wins Miss Universe crown". Associated Press. May 12, 2001. Retrieved 10 November 2010. "In second place was Miss Greece, 22-year-old Evelina Papantoniou and in third place was Miss USA, 24-year-old Kandace Krueger. Miss Venezuela, 18-year-old Eva Ekvall was third runner-up and Miss India, 22-year-old Celina Jaitley was named fourth runner-up. The five semifinalists who were earlier eliminated in the pageant were Miss Spain, Eva Siso Casals; Miss Nigeria, Agbani Darego..."
External links
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Bharat Ratna
Bharat Ratna
Type Category Description Instituted Last awarded Total awarded Awarded by Ribbon
Award Information Civilian National An image of the Sun along with the words "Bharat Ratna", inscribed in Devanagari script, on a peepal leaf 1954 2008 41 Government of India
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan, Sir C.V. Raman, C. Rajagopalachari Bhimsen Joshi Last awardee(s) Award rank None Bharat Ratna Padma Vibhushan First awardee(s)
Bharat Ratna (Jewel of India[1] or Gem of India[2] in English) is the Republic of India's highest civilian award, for performance of highest order in any field of human endeavour.[3] Any person without distinction of race, occupation, position or sex is eligible for the award. However the recommendations for Bharat Ratna are to be made by the Prime Minister of India to the President of India.[3] The holders of the Bharat Ratna rank 7th in the Indian order of precedence; however they do not carry any special title nor any other honorifics.
Contents
1 History 2 Specifications 3 List of recipients 4 Living recipients 5 Controversies o 5.1 Award to Subhas Chandra Bose o 5.2 Award to Abul Kalam Azad 6 References 7 External links
History
The order was established by Rajendra Prasad, President of India, on 2 January 1954.[4] The original statutes of January 1954 did not make allowance for posthumous awards (and this perhaps explains why the decoration was never awarded to Mahatma Gandhi), though this provision was added in the January 1966 statute.[citation needed] Subsequently, there have been twelve posthumous awards, including the award to Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose in 1992, which was later withdrawn due to a legal technicality, the only case of an award being withdrawn. The award was briefly suspended from 13 July 1977 to 26 January 1980. While there was no formal provision that recipients of the Bharat Ratna should be Indian citizens, this seems to have been the general assumption.[citation needed] Of the 41 awards so far, there has been one award to a naturalised Indian citizen, Mother Teresa (1980), and to two nonIndians, Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan (1987) and Nelson Mandela (1990). The awarding of this honour has frequently been the subject of litigation questioning the constitutional basis of such. Originally, the specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal carrying the state emblem and motto, among other things. It is uncertain if a design in accordance with the original specifications was ever made. The actual award is designed in the shape of a peepal leaf and carries with the words "Bharat Ratna", inscribed in Devanagari script. The reverse side of the medal carries the state emblem and motto. The award is attached to a 2-inch-wide (51 mm) ribbon, and was designed to be worn around the recipient's neck. In 2011, the Government of India modified the eligibility criteria to allow sportspersons to receive the award and opened the award for performance of highest order in any field of human endeavour from the earlier criteria for the highest degrees of national service. This service includes artistic, literary, and scientific achievements, as well as "recognition of public service of the highest order."[5][6] Indira Gandhi is the youngest person alive at the time of receiving the award (at the age of 54) and Rajiv Gandhi is the youngest overall to receive the Bharat Ratna (posthumously at the age of 47). D.K. Karve is the eldest person alive at the time of receiving the award (age 100) and Vallabhbhai Patel is the eldest overall (posthumously at the age of 116).
Specifications
The original specifications for the award called for a circular gold medal, 35 mm in diameter, with the sun and the legend "Bharat Ratna" (in Devanagari) above and a floral wreath below. The reverse was to carry the state emblem and motto. It was to be worn around the neck from a white ribbon. There is no indication that any specimens of this design were ever produced and one year later the design was altered. The decoration is in the form of a peepal leaf, about 5.8 cm long, 4.7 cm wide and 3.1 mm thick. It is of toned bronze. On its obverse is embossed a replica of the sun, 1.6 cm in diameter, below which the words Bharat Ratna are embossed in Devanagari script. On the reverse are State emblem and the motto, also in Devanagari. The emblem, the sun and the rim are of platinum. The inscriptions are in burnished bronze.
List of recipients
Name Image Birth / Awarded death 1878 1972 Notes
1.
Chakravarti Rajgopalachari
1954
Independence activist, last GovernorGeneral
2. Sir C. V. Raman
1888 1970
1954
Physicist
3.
Sarvepalli Radhakrishnan
1888 1975 1869 1958 1861 1962 1889 1964 1887 1961 1858 1962
1954
Philosopher, India's First Vice President (1952-1962), and India's Second President(1962-1967)
4. Bhagwan Das 5. Mokshagundam Visvesvarayya
1955 1955 1955 1957 1958
Independence activist, author Civil engineer, Diwan of Mysore Independence activist, author, first Prime Minister Independence activist, Chief Minister of Uttar Pradesh, Home Minister Educator, social reformer
6. Jawaharlal Nehru Govind Ballabh Pant Dhondo Keshav 8. Karve 7.
Name Bidhan Chandra Roy Purushottam Das 10. Tandon 9. 11. Rajendra Prasad 12. Zakir Hussain 13. Pandurang Vaman Kane
Image
Birth / death 1882 1962 1882 1962 1884 1963 1897 1969 1880 1972 1904 1966
Awarded 1961 1961 1962 1963 1963 1966
Notes Physician, Chief Minister of West Bengal Independence activist, educator Independence activist, jurist, first President Scholar, third President Indologist and Sanskrit scholar Posthumous, independence activist, second Prime Minister
14. Lal Bahadur Shastri
15. Indira Gandhi
1917 1984
1971
Third Prime Minister
16. V. V. Giri 17. K. Kamaraj
1894 1980 1903 1975 1910 1997 1895 1982 1890 1988
1975 1976
Trade unionist and fourth President Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu State Catholic nun, founder of the Missionaries of Charity
18. Mother Teresa
1980
19. Vinoba Bhave
1983
Posthumous, social reformer, independence activist
20.
Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khan
1987
First non-citizen, independence activist
Name
Image
Birth / Awarded death
Notes
21.
M. G. Ramachandran
1917 1987
1988
Posthumous, film actor, Chief Minister of Tamil Nadu
22. B. R. Ambedkar
1891 1956
1990
Posthumous, chief architect of the Indian Constitution, politician, economist, and scholar
23. Nelson Mandela
b. 1918 1990
first non-citizen and first non-Indian recipient, Leader of the Anti-Apartheid movement
24. Rajiv Gandhi
1944 1991 1875 1950 1896 1995 1888 1958 1904 1993 1922 1992
1991
Posthumous, Sixth Prime Minister
25. Vallabhbhai Patel 26. Morarji Desai 27. Abul Kalam Azad 28. J. R. D. Tata
1991 1991 1992 1992
Posthumous, independence activist, first Home Minister Independence activist, fourth Prime Minister Posthumous, independence activist, first Minister of Education Industrialist and philanthropist
29. Satyajit Ray
1992
Bengali Filmmaker
Name
Image
Birth / Awarded death
Notes
30.
A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
b. 1931 1997
Aeronautical Engineer,11th President of India
31. Gulzarilal Nanda 32. Aruna Asaf Ali
1898 1998 1908 1996
1997 1997
Independence activist, interim Prime Minister Posthumous, independence activist
33. M. S. Subbulakshmi
1916 2004
1998
Carnatic classical singer
Chidambaram Subramaniam Jayaprakash 35. Narayan 34.
1910 2000 1902 1979 1920 2012
1998 1999
Independence activist, Minister of Agriculture Posthumous, independence activist and politician
36. Ravi Shankar
1999
Sitar player
37. Amartya Sen
b. 1933 1999
Economist
38. Gopinath Bordoloi
1890 1950
1999
Posthumous, independence activist, Chief Minister of Assam Playback singer
39. Lata Mangeshkar
b. 1929 2001
40. Bismillah Khan
1916 2006
2001
Hindustani classical shehnai player
Name
Image
Birth / Awarded death 1922 2011 2008
Notes
41. Bhimsen Joshi
Hindustani classical singer
Living recipients
Indian recipients

A. P. J. Abdul Kalam (1997) Amartya Sen (1999) Lata Mangeshkar (2001)
Foreign recipients
Nelson Mandela (1990)
Controversies
Award to Subhas Chandra Bose
Subhash Chandra Bose Indian freedom fighter Netaji Subhas Chandra Bose was awarded Bharat Ratna posthumously in 1992. The award was later withdrawn in response to a Supreme Court of India directive following a Public Interest Litigation filed in the Court against the posthumous nature of the award. The Award Committee could not give conclusive evidence of Boses death and thus it invalidated the posthumous award.[citation needed]
Award to Abul Kalam Azad
When the award was offered to freedom fighter and India's first Minister of Education, Abul Kalam Azad, he promptly declined it saying that it should not be given to those who have been on the selection committee. Later he was awarded posthumously in 1992.[7]
References
1. ^ Mahajan, Vidya Dhar (1971). The Constitution of India. Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh: Eastern Book Company. p. 169. 2. ^ Hoiberg, Dale; Indu Ramchandani (2000). Students' Britannica India. New Delhi: Encyclopdia Britannica (India). Vol. 3, p198. ISBN 978-0-85229-760-5. 3. ^ a b http://www.mha.nic.in/pdfs/Scheme-BR.pdf 4. ^ Dhawan, S. K. (1991). Bharat Ratnas, 19541991. Wave Publications. p. 9. ASIN B0006EYROK. 5. ^ "Govt changes criteria for Bharat Ratna; now open for all". The Hindu. Press Trust of India. 16 December 2011. Retrieved 16 December 2011. 6. ^ Bharat Ratna: Govt amends rules to pave way for sportspersons, Agencies, New Delhi, Fri 16 Dec 2011, indianexpress.com 7. ^ "Those who said no to top awards". Times of India. 20 Jan 2008. Retrieved 9, Apr 2013.
External links

"Bharat Ratna Award". Ministry of Home Affairs. "Bharat Ratna Award". Ministry of Home Affairs. [show]

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Padma Vibhushan
Padma Vibhushan
Award Information Type Category Instituted First awarded Last awarded Total awarded Awarded by Previous name(s) Ribbon Award rank Bharat Ratna Padma Vibhushan Padma Bhushan
Civilian National 1954 1954 2013 288 Government of India Pahela Varg
The Padma Vibhushan is the second highest civilian award in the Republic of India. It consists of a medal and a citation and is awarded by the President of India. It was established on 2 January 1954. It ranks behind the Bharat Ratna and comes before the Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri. It is awarded to recognize exceptional and distinguished service to the nation in any field, including government service. The first recipients of this award were Satyendra Nath Bose, Nand Lal Bose, Zakir Hussain, Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher, Jigme Dorji Wangchuk, V. K. Krishna Menon in the year 1954
Contents

1 History 2 Medallion details o 2.1 First medallion (19541955)
2.2 Second medallion (19551957) 2.3 Current medallion (1957current) 3 List of awardees 4 References 5 External links
o o
History
The award was established by Presidential decree on 2 January 1954. The Padma Vibhushan was originally established as the Pahela Varg (First Class) of a three-class "Padma Vibhushan" awards. However the structure was changed in 1955 and there is no record of the award being presented to recipients in the original structure. The award was suspended between 1977 and 1980 and between 1992 and 1998. As of the end of 2012, only 288 people have thus far been awarded this honour.[1][2]
Medallion details
First medallion (19541955)
The initial medal was a circular gold medal, 1-3/8 inches in diameter, with an embossed lotus flower in the center and the legend "Padma Vibhushan" above and a floral wreath below. The obverse side had the Indian state emblem with the legend Desh Seva (National Service) above and a lotus wreath below. No record exists to show whether this design was used to present a medal to the awardees.
Second medallion (19551957)

In 1955, the badge design was altered to be a "mainly circular" 1-3/16-inch toned bronze badge with geometrical patterns. The center had a lotus flower with four major petals embossed in white gold. Above and below this flower, the name of the decoration Padma Vibhushan was embossed in silver-gilt.
Current medallion (1957current)

In 1957, the badge design was retained but the material changed from toned bronze to burnished bronze.
List of awardees
Year Recipient Image Birth / death Field Country
Year
Recipient
Image
Birth / death 1894 1974 1897 1969 1888 1957 1929 1972
Field
Country
1954 Satyendra Nath Bose
Science & Engineering India
1954 Zakir Hussain 1954 Balasaheb Gangadhar Kher 1954 Jigme Dorji Wangchuk
Public Affairs Public Affairs Public Affairs Bhutan*
1954 Nand Lal Bose
1882 1966
Arts
1954 V. K. Krishna Menon 1955 Dhondo Keshav Karve 1955 J. R. D. Tata 1956 Chandulal Madhavlal Trivedi 1956 Fazal Ali 1956 Jankibai Bajaj 1957 Ghanshyam Das Birla 1957 Motilal Chimanlal Setalvad 1957 Shriprakash 1959 John Matthai 1959 Radhabinod Pal
1896 1974 1858 1962 1904 1993 1893 1981 1886 1959 1893 1979 1894 1983 1884 1974 1890 1971 1886 1959 1886 1967
Public Affairs Literature & Education Trade & Industry Public Affairs Public Affairs Social Work Trade & Industry Law and Public affairs Public Affairs Literature & Education Public Affairs India
Year
Recipient
Image
1959 Gaganvihari Lallubhai Mehta 1960 Naryana Raghvan Pillai 1962 H. Varda Raja Iyengar 1962 Padmaja Naidu 1962 Vijaya Lakshmi Pandit
1963 A. Lakshmanaswami Mudaliar 1963 Suniti Kumar Chatterji 1963 Hari Vinayak Pataskar 1964 Gopinath Kaviraj 1964 Acharya Kalelkar 1965 Arjan Singh 1965 Joyanto Nath Chaudhuri 1965 Mehdi Nawaz Jung 1966 Valerian Gracias 1967 Bhola Nath Jha 1967 Chandra Kisan Daphtary 1967 Hafix Mohammed Ibrahim 1967 Pattadakal Venkanna R Rao 1968 Madhav Shrihari Aney
1968 Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar 1968 Prasanta Chandra Mahalanobis
Birth / Field death 1900 Social Work 1974 1898 Public Affairs 1992 Civil Service 1900 Public Affairs 1975 1900 Civil Service 1990 1887 Medicine 1974 1890 Literature & 1977 Education 1892 Public Affairs 1970 1887 Literature & 1976 Education 1885 Literature & 1981 Education 1919 Military Service 1908 Military Service 1983 1894 Public Affairs 1967 1900 Social Work 1978 Civil Service 1893 Public Affairs 1983 Civil Service Civil Service 1880 Public Affairs 1968 1910 Science & 1995 Engineering 1893 Statistical Science 1972
Country
United States* India
Year
Recipient
Image
Birth / death 1904 1992
Field
Country
1968
K. Vaidyanatha Kalyana Sundaram
Public Affairs
1968 Kripal Singh 1969 Hargobind Khorana 1969 1969 1969 1969 Mohan Sinha Mehta Dattatraya Shridhar Joshi Ghananand Pande Rajeshwar Dayal
1922 2011
Civil Service Science & Engineering Civil Service Civil Service Civil Service Civil Service Civil Service Literature & Education
United States*
1970 Binay Ranjan Sen 1970 Tara Chand 1970 Paramasiva Prabhakar Kumaramangalam
1898 1993
1970 Suranjan Das 1970 Harbaksh Singh 1970 A. Rameswami Mudaliar 1970 Anthony Lancelot Dias 1971 Vithal Nagesh Shirodkar 1971 Balaram Sivaraman 1971 Bimala Prasad Chaliha
1913 2000 1920 1970 1913 1999 1887 1976 1910 2002 1899 1971 1912 1971 1900 1977 1907 1998
Civil Service Civil Service Military Service Civil Service Public Affairs Medicine Civil Service Civil Service India
1971 Uday Shankar
Arts
1971 Sumati Morarjee
Civil Service
Year
Recipient
Image
Birth / death
Field
Country
1971 Allauddin Khan
1862 1972
Arts
1972 S. M. Nanda 1972 Pratap Chandra Lal 1972 Aditya Nath Jha 1972 Jivraj Narayan Mehta
1972 P. Balacharya Gajendragadkar
1915 2009 1916 1982 1911 1972 1887 1978 1901 1981 1919 1971 1914 2008 1912 1971 1906 1996 1905 1993 1914 1998 1905 1977 1886
Military Service Military Service Public Affairs Public Affairs Public Affairs
1972 Vikram Ambalal Sarabhai
Science & Engineering
1972 Sam Manekshaw 1972 Ghulam Mohammed Sadiq 1972 Hormasji Maneckji Seervai 1973 Daulat Singh Kothari 1973 Nagendra Singh 1973 Tirumalrao Swaminathan 1973 U. N. Dhebar 1973 Basanti Devi 1973 Nellie Sengupta
Military Service Public Affairs Law and Public affairs Science & Engineering Public Affairs Civil Service Social Work Civil Service Social Work
Year
Recipient V. Kasturi Ranga Varadarja Rao
Image
1974
Birth / Field death 1973 1908 Civil Service 1991 1904 1980 1914 1997
Country
1974 Benode Behari Mukherjee
Arts
1974 Harish Chandra Sarin 1974 Niren De 1975 Basanti Dulal Nag Chaudhuri 1975 Chintaman Dwarkanath Deshmukh
Civil Service Law and Public Affairs Literature & Education Public Affairs Social Work Literature & Education Science & Engineering Civil Service Arts Social Work Literature & Education Science & Engineering Literature & Education Literature & Education Arts
1975 Durgabai Deshmukh
1975 Premlila Vithaldas Thackersey 1975 Raja Ramanna 1975 Homi Nusserwanji Sethna 1975 M.S. Subbulakshmi 1975 Mary Clubwala Jadhav 1976 Bashir Hussain Zaidi 1976 Kalpathi Ramakrishna Ramanathan
1976 Kalu Lal Shrimali 1976 Giani Gurmukh Singh Mussafir
1976 Keshava Shankar Pillai
1917 2006 1896 1982 1909 1981 1894 1977 1925 2004 1923 2010 1916 2004 1909 1975 1898 1992 1893 1984 1909 2000 1899 1976 1902 1989
Year
Recipient
Image
Birth / death 1896 1987
Field
Country
1976 Salim Moizuddin Ali Abdul
1976 Satyajit Ray
1921 1992 1919 1892 1984 1901 1986 1906 1976 1901 1993 1918 1984 1925 1916 2006 1920 2002 1920 2012 1892 1982 1934 1928 1925
Arts
1977 Om Prakash Mehra 1977 Ajudhia Nath Khosla 1977 Ajoy Kumar Mukherjee 1977 Ali Yavar Jung 1977
Military Service Civil Service Public Affairs Public Affairs Literature & Education Arts Civil Service Arts Science & Engineering
Chandeshwar Prasad Narayan Singh
1977 T. Balasaraswati 1980 Rai Krishnadasa 1980 Bismillah Khan 1981 Satish Dhawan
1981 Ravi Shankar
Arts
1982 Mira Behn 1985 C. N. R. Rao Mambillikalathil Kumar 1985 Menon 1986 Autar Singh Paintal
Social Work Science & Engineering
United Kingdom*
India Civil Service Medicine
Year
Recipient
Image
Birth / death 2004
Field
Country
1986 Birju Maharaj
1938
Arts
1986 Baba Amte 1987 Benjamin Peary Pal
1914 2008 1906 1989
Social Work Science & Engineering
1987 Manmohan Singh
1932
Civil Service
1987 Arun Shridhar Vaidya 1987 Kamladevi Chattopadhyay
1988 Kuppalli Venkatappa Puttappa 1988 Mirza Hameedullah Beg
1926 1986 1903 1988 1904 1994 1913 1985 1907 1987
Military Service Social Work Literature & Education Law and Public Affairs Literature & Education Science & Engineering Public Affairs Arts
1988 Mahadevi Verma
1989 M. S. Swaminathan 1989 Umashankar Dikshit 1989 Ali Akbar Khan
1925 1901 1991 1922 2009
Year
Recipient
Image
Birth / death
Field
Country
1990 A. P. J. Abdul Kalam
1931
1990 Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer 1990 Vallmpadugai Srinivasa Raghavan Arunachalam
1908 2003
Arts Science & Engineering Literature & Education
1990 Bhabatosh Dutta 1990 Kumar Gandharva 1990 Triloki Nath Chaturvedi Indraprasad Gordhanbhai Patel
1924 1992 1928 1924 2005
Arts Civil Service Science & Engineering
1991
1991 M. Balamuralikrishna
1930
Arts
1991 Hiren Mukerjee 1991 N. G. Ranga 1991 Rajaram Shastri 1991 Gulzari Lal Nanda 1991 Khusro Faramurz Rustamji
1907 2004 1900 1995 1904 1991 1898 1998 1916 2003 1915 2011
Public Affairs Public Affairs Literature & Education Public Affairs Civil Service
1991 M.F. Husain
Arts
1992 Mallikarjun Mansur
1910 1992
Arts
Year
Recipient
Image
1992 V. Shantaram 1992 Sivaramakrishna Iyer Padmavati
Birth / death 1901 Arts 1990 1917 1901 1994
Field
Country
Medicine Literature & Education
1992 Lakshmanshastri Joshi
1992 Atal Bihari Vajpayee
1924
Public Affairs
1992 Govinddas Shroff 1992 Kaloji Narayana Rao 1992 Ravi Narayan Reddy 1992 Sardar Swaran Singh 1992 Aruna Asaf Ali
1914 2002 1908 1991 1907 1994 1909 1996 1914 2012 1920 2000 1920 2002 1912 2003 1936 1923 2002 1921 2012
Literature & Education Arts Public Affairs Public Affairs Public Affairs
1998 Lakshmi Sahgal
Public Affairs
1998 Usha Mehta 1998 Nani Ardeshir Palkhivala 1998 Walter Sisulu 1999 Rajagopala Chidambaram 1999 Sarvepalli Gopal 1999 Verghese Kurien
Social Work Law and Public Affairs Public Affairs Science & Engineering Literature & Education Science & Engineering India South Africa
Year
Recipient
Image
1999 Hans Raj Khanna
Birth / Field death 1912 Public Affairs 2008 Law and Public Affairs
Country
1999 V. R. Krishna Iyer
1915
1999 Lata Mangeshkar
1929 1922 2011 1909 2001 1906 2001 1912 1998 1916 2010 1920 2003 1925 1919 2009 1917 2005 1940
Arts
1999 Bhimsen Joshi 1999 Braj Kumar Nehru 1999 Dharma Vira 1999 Lallan Prasad Singh* 1999 Nana Deshmukh 1999 Pandurang Shastri Athavale 1999 Satish Gujral 1999 D. K. Pattammal 2000 Krishen Behari Lall 2000 Krishnaswamy Kasturirangan 2000 Manohar Singh Gill 2000 Kelucharan Mohapatra 2000 Hari Prasad Chaurasia
Arts Civil Service Civil Service Civil Service Social Work Social Work Arts Arts Civil Service Science & Engineering Civil Service
1926 2004 1938
Arts Arts
Year
Recipient
Image
Birth / death
Field
Country
2000 Jasraj
1930
Arts
2000 Jagdish Natwarlal Bhagwati
1934
Literature & Education
2000 Kakkadan Nandanath Raj 2000 Bhairab Dutt Pande 2000 Maidavolu Narasimham 2000 R. K. Narayan 2000 Sikander Bakht 2000 Tarlok Singh Calyampudi Radhakrishna Rao Chakravarthi Vijayaraghava Narasimhan
1924 2010 1917 1906 2001 1918 2004 1912 2005 1920
Literature & Education Civil Service Trade & Industry Literature & Education Public Affairs Civil Service Science & Engineering Civil Service United States*
2001
2001
1915 2003
2001 Shivkumar Sharma
1938
Arts India
2001 Man Mohan Sharma
1937
2001 Amjad Ali Khan
1945
Arts
Year
Recipient
Image
Birth / death
Field
Country
2001 Benjamin Arthur Gilman
1922
Public Affairs
United States* Japan* India
2001 Hosei Norota 2001 Hrishikesh Mukherjee
1929 1922 2006 1908 2006
Public Affairs Arts
2001 John Kenneth Galbraith
Literature & Education Literature & Education
United States*
2001 Kotha Satchidanda Murthy
1924
2001 Zubin Mehta
1936
Arts
2002 Chakravthi Rangarajan
1932
Literature & Education
2002 Gangubai Hangal
1913 2009 1923 2008 1930 1932 1917 2010 1904 2007 1944 1920
Arts India
2002 Kishan Maharaj 2002 Soli Jehangir Sorabjee 2002 Kishori Amonkar 2003 Bal Ram Nanda 2003 Kazi Lhendup Dorji Kangsarpa
Arts Law Arts Literature & Education Public Affairs Arts Medicine
2003 Sonal Mansingh 2003 Bhrihaspati Dev Triguna
Year 2004
Recipient Manepalli Narayana Rao Venkatachaliah
Image
Birth / death 1929 1919 2005
Field Law and Public Affairs Literature & Education
Country
2004 Amrita Pritam
2004 Jayant Vishnu Narlikar
1938
2005 B. K. Goyal
Medicine
2005 Karan Singh
1931
Public Affairs
2005 Mohan Dharia 2005 Ram Narayan
1925 1927
Social Work Arts
2005
Marthanda Varma Sankaran Valiathan
1934
Medicine
2005 Jyotindra Nath Dixit 2005 Milon Kumar Banerji 2005 R. K. Laxman
1936 2005 1928 2010 1921 1914 2009
Civil Service Law and Public Affairs Arts Science & Engineering Law and Public Affairs United States*
2006 Norman E. Borlaug
2006 V. N. Khare
1939
India
Year
Recipient
Image
Birth / death 1926 1929 2008
Field Literature & Education Social Work Science & Engineering Medicine
Country
2006 Mahasveta Devi
2006 Nirmala Deshpande 2006 Obaid Siddiqui 2006 Prakash Narain Tandon
19322013 1928
2006 Adoor Gopalakrishnan
1941
Arts
2006 C. R. Krishnaswamy Rao 2006 Charles Correa 2007 Raja Jesudoss Chelliah
1927 1930 1922 2009 1926 1929 1921
Civil Service Science & Engineering Public Affairs Civil Service Medicine Law and Public Affairs Law and Public Affairs Literature & Education Literature & Education Civil Service Civil Service Science & Engineering United States India United States*
2007 Venkataraman Krishnamurthy 2007 Balu Sankaran 2007 Fali Sam Nariman 2007 Prafullachandra Natwarlal Bhagwati
2007 Khushwant Singh
1915 1908 2006 1936 1934 1931
2007 Raja Rao 2007 N.N. Vohra 2007 Naresh Chandra Ennackal Chandy George 2007 Sudarshan
2007 Viswanathan Anand
1969
Sports
India
Year
Recipient
Image
Birth / death
Field
Country
2007 Rajendra K. Pachauri
1940
Environmentalism
2008 N. R. Narayana Murthy 2008 E. Sreedharan 2008 Lakshmi Niwas Mittal 2008 Adarsh Sein Anand 2008 P. N. Dhar 2008 P. R. S. Oberoi 2008 Asha Bhosle
1946 1932 1950 1936 1919 2012 1929 1933
Information Technology Delhi Metro Industry Public Affairs Civil Service Trade Arts
2008 Edmund Hillary
1919 2008
Mountaineering
New Zealand*
2008 Ratan Tata
1937
Industry
2008 Pranab Mukherjee
1935
Public affairs India
2008 Sachin Tendulkar
1973
Sports
2009 Chandrika Prasad Srivastava 2009 Sunderlal Bahuguna
1920 1927
Civil Service Environmental
Year
Recipient
Image
Birth / death 1933 1954 1916 2012 1943 1943 1934 1935 1925
Field Conservation Literature & Education Medicine Medicine Public Affairs Science & Engineering Science & Engineering Social Work Trade & Industry Arts
Country
2009 D. P. Chattopadhyaya 2009 Jasbir Singh Bajaj 2009 Purshotam Lal 2009 Govind Narain 2009 Anil Kakodkar 2009 Dr. G. Madhavan Nair 2009 Sister Nirmala 2009 A. S. Ganguly 2010 Ebrahim Alkazi
2010 Umayalpuram K. Sivaraman
1935
Arts
2010 Zohra Sehgal 2010 Y. Venugopal Reddy
1912 1941
Arts Law and Public affairs
2010 Venkatraman Ramakrishnan
1952
United Kingdom*
2010 Prathap C. Reddy
1933
Trade & Industry
2011 Akkineni Nageshwara Rao
1924
Arts India
2011 Kapila Vatsyayan 2011 Homai Vyarawalla
1928 1913 2012
Arts Arts
Year
Recipient
Image
2011 Parasaran Kesava Iyenger 2011 AR Kidwai 2011 Vijay Kelkar
Birth / Field death 1927 Public Affairs 1920 Public Affairs 1942 Public Affairs
Country
2011 Montek Singh Ahluwalia
1943
Public Affairs
2011 Palle Rama Rao 2011 Amjad Ali Khan
1937 1945
Science Arts
2011 Azim Premji
1945
Trade and Industry
2011 Brajesh Mishra Ottaplakkal Neelakandan Velu Kurup
1928
Civil Service
2011
1931
Literature
2011 Sitakant Mahapatra
1937 1925 2010 1924 1926 2011
Literature
2011 Lakshmi Chand Jain 2012 K. G. Subramanyan 2012 Mario Miranda*
Public Affairs Arts Arts
2012 Bhupen Hazarika*
1926 2011
Arts
2012 Kantilal Hastimal Sancheti 2012 T. V. Rajeswar
1936 1926
Medicine Civil Service
Year
Recipient
Image
Birth / death
Field
Country
2013 Yash Pal
1926
2013 Roddam Narasimha 2013 Raghunath Mohapatra 2013 Syed Haider Raza
1933 1933 1922
Science & Engineering Arts Arts
Note: * denotes awardees in the category of Foreigners/ NRIs/ PIOs/Posthumous.[2][3]
References
1. ^ "Padma Vibhushan Awardees". Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 2. ^ a b "This Year's Padma Awards announced" (Press release). Ministry of Home Affairs. 25 January 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010. 3. ^ "Padma Awards Announced (2012)". Press and Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 25 January 2012.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Padma Vibhushan

Padma Awards at Government of India website "This Year's Padma Awards announced". Ministry of Home Affairs. 25 January 2010. "Padma Awards". Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. "Padma Awards Directory (19542007)" (PDF). Ministry of Home Affairs. 2007-05-30. "Padma Awards Announced (2012)". Press and Information Bureau, Government of India. Retrieved 25 January 2012. [hide]

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Padma Bhushan
Padma Bhushan
Award Information Type Category Instituted First awarded Last awarded Total awarded Awarded by Ribbon Award rank Padma Vibhushan Padma Bhushan Padma Shri
civilian national 1954 1954 2013 1111 President of India
The Padma Bhushan is the third highest civilian award in the Republic of India, after the Bharat Ratna and the Padma Vibhushan, but comes before the Padma Shri. It is announced on the occasion of Republic Day every year. It is conferred by the President of India at a function held at Rashtrapati Bhavan sometime around March/ April.
Contents

1 History 2 List of Awardees 3 References 4 External links
History
The award was established on 2 January 1954 by the President of India. Shivam Shetty Manohar was the youngest to have received this title. It is awarded to recognize distinguished service of a high order to the nation, in any field. As of January 2010, 1111 people have thus far received the award.[1][2] In 2013 the veteran playback singer Mrs.S. Janaki rejected the award, stating that the honour came to her too late and that the artists of South India were not duly recognised.[3]
List of Awardees

Padma Bhushan Awards (19541959) Padma Bhushan Awards (19601969) Padma Bhushan Awards (19701979) Padma Bhushan Awards (19801989) Padma Bhushan Awards (19901999) Padma Bhushan Awards (20002009) Padma Bhushan Awards (20102019)
References
1. ^ bhushan_awards_list1.php "Padam Bhushan Awardees". Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. Retrieved 2009-06-28. 2. ^ "This Year's Padam Awards announced" (Press release). Ministry of Home Affairs. 25 January 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010. 3. ^ "Veteran singer S Janaki refuses to accept Padma Awards". CNN-IBN. Retrieved 27 January 2013.
External links
Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Padma Bhushan

"Padma Awards". Ministry of Communications and Information Technology. "Padma Awards Directory (19542009)". Ministry of Home Affairs. "Padma Awards Directory (2010)". Ministry of Home Affairs. [show]

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Padma Shri Awards (196069)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search Padma Shri Award, India's fourth highest civilian honours - Winners, 1960-1969:[1] Year Name Arts Trade & Industry Literature & Education Field State Tamil Nadu West Bengal Odisha Tamil Nadu Karnataka West Bengal Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Gujarat Delhi Punjab Gujarat Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Gujarat West Bengal West Bengal Maharashtra Maharashtra Country India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
1960 Dr. M. G. Ramachandran 1960 Dr. Adinath Lahiri 1960 Dr. Artabalabha Mohanti
1960 Dr. Kalpathy Ram Iyer Doraisamy Medicine 1960 Dr. Vaidyanatha Subrahmanyan 1960 Shri Anil Kumar Das 1960 Shri Ayyagiri Rao 1960 Shri Bellary Shamanna Kesavan 1960 Shri Dahyabhai Jivaji Naik 1960 Shri Har Krishna Lal Sethi 1960 Shri Har Mander Singh 1960 Shri Jasu M. Patel 1960 Shri Nanabhai Bhatt (Lokbharti) 1960 Shri Nuthaki Bhanu Prasad Civil Service Science & Engineering Science & Engineering Literature & Education Social Work Civil Service Civil Service Sports Social Work Civil Service
1960 Shri Rustomji Marwanji Alpaiwala Public Affairs 1960 Shri Vijay S. Hazare 1960 Smt. Arati Saha 1960 Smt. Bina Das 1960 Smt. H.Kusum Sayani 1960 Smt. Sophia Wadia Sports Sports Social Work Social Work Social Work
Year 1960 Smt. Vir Vati
Name Arts
Field Delhi Punjab
State
Country India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
1961 Baibi Harparkash Kaur 1961 Brig. Gyan Singh 1961 Dr. Brahm Prakash 1961 Dr. Hilda Mary Lazarus 1961 Dr. Parasuram Misra 1961 Kum Mithuban Petit 1961 Miss Evengeline Lazarus 1961 Prof. M.G.K. Menon 1961 Shri Agram Krishnamachar 1961 Shri Amal Shah 1961 Shri Bhagwat Sinha Mehta 1961 Shri Kartar Singh Dewana 1961 Shri Kattingeri Krishna Hebbar 1961 Shri Man Mohan Suri 1961 Shri Marthhand Ramchandra Jamadar
Social Work Sports Science & Engineering Medicine Literature & Education Social Work Literature & Education Science & Engineering Civil Service Social Work Civil Service Science & Engineering Arts Science & Engineering Social Work Literature & Education
Uttar Pradesh Punjab Andhra Pradesh Odisha Gujarat Karnataka Delhi Karnataka Bihar Rajasthan Punjab Maharashtra Punjab Gujarat Rajasthan Tamil Nadu West Bengal Madhya Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir Karnataka
1961 Shri Muni Jin Vijayaji 1961
Shri Nayyadupakkam Duraiswamy Literature & Sundaravadivelu Education Literature & Education Arts Civil Service
1961 Shri Premendra Mitra 1961 Shri Raghunath Krishna Phadke 1961 Shri Sonam Narboo
1961 Shri Veerangouda Veerbasangouda Social Work
Year Patel
Name
Field
State
Country
1961 Shri Vinayak Krishna Gokak 1961 Shri Vishnukant Jha 1961 Shri Vithalrao Eknath Rao Vikash Patil
Literature & Education Literature & Education Trade & Industry Social Work Arts Civil Service Medicine Civil Service Social Work Civil Service Arts Civil Service Literature & Education Literature & Education Sports Civil Service Social Work Sports Science & Engineering Sports Sports Medicine Civil Service Civil Service
Karnataka Bihar Maharashtra Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Maharashtra Punjab West Bengal West Bengal Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Gujarat West Bengal Delhi Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Tamil Nadu West Bengal West Bengal Odisha
India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
1961 Smt. Kamalabai Hospet 1961 Ustad Bismillah Khan 1962 Dr. Bishnupada Mukerjee 1962 Dr. Krishnarao Shripat Mhaskar 1962 Maj. Sarda Nand Singh 1962 Mother Teresa of Calcutta 1962 Shri Amlanda Ghosh 1962 Shri Ashok Kumar Ganguli 1962 Shri Challagalla Narasimhan 1962 Shri Chanapatha Krishnappa Venkataramayya
1962 Shri Dula Bhaya Kag 1962 Shri Gostha Behari Paul 1962 Shri Joseph Durai Raj 1962 Shri N. Ramaswami Iyer 1962 Shri Nari J. Contractor 1962 Shri Natthi Singh 1962 Shri P.R. Umrigar 1962 Shri Ramanathan Krishnan 1962 Shri Santosh Kumar Mukherjee 1962 Shri Santu Javhermal Shahaney 1962 Shri Shanti Kumar Tribhuvandas
Year Raja
Name
Field
State
Country
1962 Shri Shridhar Sharma 1962 Shri Sochi Rout Roy 1962 Shri Sonam Gyatso 1962 Shri Tarasankar Bandhopadhyaya 1962 Shri V. Ramchandra Vajramushti 1962 Shri Vellore Ponnurangam Appadurai
Medicine Literature & Education Sports Literature & Education Civil Service Civil Service Medicine Medicine Medicine Literature & Education Social Work Literature & Education Science & Engineering Social Work Civil Service Arts Arts Civil Service Civil Service Civil Service Civil Service Civil Service
Rajasthan Odisha Sikkim West Bengal Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Assam Delhi
India India India India India India India India United Kingdom
1963 Dr. Nani Chandra Bordoli 1963 Dr. Sohrab Pestonji Shroff 1963 Lt. Col. George William Gregory Bird
1963 Prof. Rashid Ahmed Siddiqi 1963 Rev Joel K. Lakra 1963 Shri Ahindra Chowdhury 1963 Shri Bishan Man Singh 1963 Shri Brij Krishna Chandiwala 1963 Shri Krishna Chandra Johore 1963 Shri Mehboob Khan 1963 Shri Melville de Mellow 1963 Shri Nashir Framroz Suntook 1963 Shri Nori Gopal Krishnamurty 1963 Shri Purnendu Kumar Banerjee 1963 Shri Rana Krishnadev Narain Singh
Delhi Bihar West Bengal Uttar Pradesh Delhi Haryana Maharashtra Rajasthan Maharashtra Tamil Nadu West Bengal Assam
India India India India India India India India India India India India United Kingdom
1963 Shri Sisir Kumar Lahiri
Year
Name
Field Civil Service Sports Social Work Social Work Civil Service Science & Engineering Civil Service Medicine Arts Literature & Education Sports Sports Science & Engineering Arts Civil Service Arts Sports Social Work Sports Sports Medicine Literature & Education Science & Engineering Arts
State Uttar Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Maharashtra Delhi Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Delhi Maharashtra Rajasthan Tamil Nadu West Bengal Odisha West Bengal Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Haryana Tamil Nadu Punjab Punjab West Bengal Karnataka Karnataka Kerala
Country India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
1963 Shri Sumant Kishore Jain 1963 Shri Syed Mustaq Ali 1963 Smt. Leela Sumant Mulgaokar 1963 Smt. Pilloo Maneck Maneckiji 1963 Wing Sultan Singh Yadav 1964 Dr. Gadde Ramakoteswar Rao 1964 Lt. Col Ramesh Chandra Bhaskar Sule
1964 Lt. Col Santosh Kumar Mazumdar 1964 Shri Adi Pherozeshah Marzban 1964 Shri Krishna Chandra Shukla 1964 Shri Morapakan Tesian Gopalan 1964 Shri Nawang Gombu 1964 Shri Pramananda Acharya 1964 Shri Pratul Chandra Sorcar 1964 Shri Thapfoorya Haralu 1964 Shri Vinayak Pandurang Karmarkar
1964 Smt. Charanjit Singh 1964 Smt. Srinivasa Ambujammal 1965 Capt. Avtar Singh Vohra Cheema 1965 Capt. Hari Pal Singh Ahluwalia 1965 Dr. Dwijendra Nath Mukherjee 1965 Dr. Tonse Madhava Anatha Pai 1965 Dr. Vishnu Madav Ghatage 1965 Guru Kunju Kurup
Year
Name
Field Medicine Sports Literature & Education Sports Science & Engineering Literature & Education Literature & Education Social Work Sports Sports Literature & Education Social Work Trade & Industry Sports Science & Engineering Literature & Education Literature & Education Trade & Industry Sports Arts Delhi Punjab
State
Country India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
1965 Hakim Abdul Hameed 1965 MajorNarender Kumar 1965 Prof. Anant Atmaram Kanekar 1965 Prof. Dinkar Balwant Deodhar 1965 Prof. Mritanjaya Vaidyanathan 1965 Prof. Vishnu Namdeo Adarkar 1965 Rev Panavelil Thomas Chandi 1965 Rt. John Richardson 1965 Shri Ang Kami 1965 Shri Chandra Prakash Vohra 1965 Shri Gopal Prasad Vyas 1965 Shri Gordhandas Bhagwandas Narotamdas
Maharashtra Maharashtra Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Andaman and Nicobar Islands Assam West Bengal Delhi Maharashtra Rajasthan Delhi Gujarat Rajasthan Kerala Odisha West Bengal Gujarat
1965 Shri Hanumanbax Kanoi 1965 Shri HCS Rawat (Harish Chandra Singh Rawat)
1965 Shri Jashbhai Shankarbhaiu Patel 1965 Shri Jack Gibson 1965 Shri Kandathil Mammon Cherian 1965 Shri Kruthartha Acharya 1965 Shri Phu Dorjee 1965 Shri Ravishankar Mahashankar Raval
Year
Name
Field Sports Trade & Industry Arts Sports Social Work Social Work Arts Social Work Medicine Arts Sikkim Gujarat
State
Country India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
1965 Shri Sonam Wengyal 1965 Shri Verghese Kurien 1965 Shri Vuppalathadiyam Nagayya 1965 Shri Wilson Lionel Garton Jones 1965 Smt. Lakshmi Mazumdar 1965 Smt. Mona Chandravati Gupta 1965 Smt. Mrinalini Sarabhai 1965 Smt. Thrity Homi Jehangir Taleyarkhan
Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Delhi Uttar Pradesh Gujarat Maharashtra Delhi Madras Maharashtra Maharashtra Bihar Karnataka West Bengal Delhi Maharashtra Karnataka Delhi Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh Delhi Uttar Pradesh
1966 Dr. Dharmendra 1966 Dr. Sivaji Ganesan
1966 Dr. Earnest Joachin Joseph Borges Medicine 1966 Dr. Jerusha Jhirad 1966 Dr. Robert Breokssby Davis 1966 Dr. Satish Dhawan 1966 Prof. Nirmal Kumar Bose 1966 Sardar Mohan Singh 1966 Shri Arun Ramavtar Poddar 1966 Shri B. Silvamurthy Siva Sastry 1966 Shri Ebrahim Alkazi 1966 Shri Eswara Iyer Krishna Iyer 1966 Shri Pt Hari Shankar Sharma 1966 Shri Raj Kavi Inderjeet Singh Tulsi 1966 Shri Jagdish Prasad Medicine Medicine Science & Engineering Literature & Education Civil Service Literature & Education Literature & Education Trade & Industry Arts Literature & Education Literature & Education Civil Service
Year
Name
Field Sports Civil Service Civil Service Arts Social Work Literature & Education Literature & Education Trade & Industry Civil Service Literature & Education Civil Service Civil Service Arts Arts Arts Social Work
State Uttar Pradesh Punjab Punjab Delhi Jammu and Kashmir Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Karnataka Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Delhi Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu Delhi Odisha Maharashtra Delhi Tamil Nadu
Country India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
1966 Shri Kishan Lal 1966 Shri Kuldip Singh Virk 1966 Shri Kundal Lal Bery 1966 Shri Maqbool Fida Hussain 1966 Shri Mohammed Din Jagir 1966 Shri Purushottam Laxman Deshpande
1966 Shri Rajeshwar Nath Zutshi 1966 1966 Shri Ramprasad Ramchand Khandelwal Shri Sanganbasappa Mallangouda Patil
1966 Shri Sayyid Ahmedullah Qadri 1966 Shri Stanislaus Joseph Coelho 1966 Shri Surinder Singh Bedi 1966 1966 Shri Villupuram Chinniah Ganeshan Smt. Palavayi Bhanumati Ramakrishna
1966 Smt. Sumitra Charat Ram 1966 Swami Bichitranada Das 1967
Dr. A. Ramaswami Ayengar Gopal Science & Ayengar Engineering Medicine Science & Engineering Science & Engineering Literature & Education
1967 Dr. Amar Prasad Ray 1967 Dr. Guduru Venkatachalam 1967 Dr. Hermenogild Santapau 1967 Dr. Mayadhar Mansinha
Odisha
India
Year 1967
Name Dr. Monkombu Sambasivan Swaminathan
Field Science & Engineering Medicine Literature & Education Science & Engineering Medicine Sports Trade & Industry Science & Engineering Literature & Education Civil Service Literature & Education Science & Engineering Literature & Education Civil Service Sports Science & Engineering Social Work Civil Service Arts Public Affairs Science &
State Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu Kerala Uttarakhand Maharashtra Delhi Tamil Nadu Punjab Maharashtra Delhi Goa Rajasthan Gujarat
Country India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
1967 Dr. Natteri Veeraraghavan 1967 Dr. Puthenpurayil Mathew Joseph 1967 Lt. Col. Lal Singh 1967 Miss Edith Helen Paull 1967 Nawab Mohd. Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi
1967 Shri A. Nagapa Chettiar 1967 Shri Ajit Singh 1967 Shri Ali Sardar Jafri 1967 Shri Balbir Singh Saigal 1967 Shri Balakrishna Bhagwant Borkar 1967 Shri Chandidan Detha 1967 Shri Chandravadan Chimanlal Mehta
1967 Shri Frank Sathyarajan Dewars 1967 Shri Gurdial Singh 1967 Shri Harishchandra Gopal Patil 1967 Shri Kallur Subba Rao 1967 Shri Kiran Chandra Banerjee 1967 Shri Krishnachandra Moreshwar aka Daji Bhatawadekar
Chandigarh Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh West Bengal Maharashtra Delhi Gujarat
India India India India India India India
1967 Shri Lala Chand Verman 1967 Shri Maganbhai Ramchhodbhai
Year Patel
Name
Field Engineering Arts Public Affairs Sports Social Work Arts Sports Civil Service Science & Engineering Arts Trade & Industry Arts Trade & Industry Literature & Education Arts Social Work Medicine Social Work Science & Engineering Science & Engineering Arts Arts Arts Social Work Punjab
State
Country
1967 Shri Mohammed Rafi 1967 Shri Prasad Pande 1967 Shri Prithipal Singh 1967 Shri Priya Ranjan Sen 1967 Shri Sashadhar Mukherjee 1967 Shri Shankar Laxman 1967 Shri Shanti Prasad 1967 Shri Syed Fareeduddin 1967 Shri Vasant Krishna Desai 1967 Shri Ved Ratan Mohan 1967 Shri Vinjamuri Venkata Lakshmi Narasimha Rao
India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
Madhya Pradesh Punjab West Bengal Maharashtra Karnataka Uttar Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Delhi Delhi Uttar Pradesh Odisha Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Tamil Nadu Delhi Uttar Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Haryana
1967 Shri Vithaldas Hakamohand Shah 1967 Smt. Prabjot Kaur 1967 Smt. Siddeshari Devi 1967 Syed Abdul Quadir 1968 Dr. Abhin Chandra Rao 1968 Dr. S. Narasimhan 1968 Dr. Govind Pandurang Kane 1968 Dr. Raja Ramanna 1968 Kumari Yamini Krishnamurthy 1968 Ms. Begum Akhtar 1968 Pt. Ayodhya Prasad 1968 Rajkumar Sumitra Devi
Year
Name
Field Literature & Education Arts Social Work Literature & Education Literature & Education Literature & Education Literature & Education Arts Social Work Arts Arts Civil Service Literature & Education Civil Service Science & Engineering Arts Science & Engineering Social Work Civil Service Arts Social Work Social Work
State Jammu and Kashmir Andhra Pradesh Delhi Maharashtra Delhi Karnataka Maharashtra Rajasthan Karnataka Delhi Maharashtra Delhi West Bengal Delhi Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Delhi Maharashtra Haryana Andhra Pradesh Madhya Pradesh Haryana
Country India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
1968 Shri Akhtar Mohiuddin 1968 Shri Akkineni Nageswara Rao 1968 Shri Amar Nath Gupta 1968 Shri Balasaheb Amgonda Patil 1968 Shri Calambur Sivarama Murti 1968 Shri Dattarraya Rama Chandra Bendra
1968 Shri Devchand Chaggan Lal Shah 1968 Shri Devi Lal Samar 1968 Shri Donty Naranappa Krishnaia Setty
1968 Shri Harold Joseph 1968 Shri Jaikishan Dahyabhai Panchal 1968 Shri Jehangir Shapurji Bhownagary
1968 Shri Kedar Ghosh 1968 Shri Krishna Swaroop Mullick 1968 Shri Lakshman Dev Pathak 1968 Shri M.R. Acharekar 1968 Shri Man Singh M. Rana 1968 Shri Manibhai Bhimbhai Desai 1968 Shri Mantosh Sondhi 1968 Shri Nandamuri Taraka Ramarao 1968 Shri Narendra Singh Dev 1968 Shri Narinder Nath Mohan
Year
Name Arts
Field
State West Bengal Kerala West Bengal Maharashtra Maharashtra Maharashtra Rajasthan Haryana Maharashtra Maharashtra Madhya Pradesh Delhi Karnataka Tamil Nadu Punjab Delhi Delhi Haryana Delhi Maharashtra Karnataka Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Tamil Nadu
1968 Shri Nikhil Ranjan Banerjee 1968 Shri S.Ramaswamy Balasubramanyam
Science & Engineering Social Work Literature & Education Arts Social Work Social Work Science & Engineering Arts Arts Social Work Arts Social Work Arts Science & Engineering Medicine Medicine Medicine Science & Engineering Social Work Social Work Medicine Science & Engineering Science &
1968 Shri Shambu Nath Mukheerjee 1968 Shri Shamrao Sakaramrao Kadam 1968 1968 Shri Shanker Singh Ram Raghuvanshi Shri Bhaurao Krishnarao alias Dadasaheb Gaikwad
1968 Shri Sia Ram Ola 1968 Shri Sudheer Sojwal 1968 Shri Sunil Dutt 1968 Smt. Durga Khote 1968 Smt. Shalini Moghe 1968 Smt. Sharan Rani Backliwal 1968 Smt. Sudha Venkatasiva Reddy 1968 Smt. Vyjayanthimala 1969 Dr. Amrik Singh Cheema 1969 Dr. Bal Krishan Anand 1969 Dr. Krikshna Gopal Saxena 1969 Dr. Nand Kishore Verma 1969 Dr. Nautam Bhagwan Lall Bhatt 1969 Dr. Pandurang Rajaram Ghorgrey 1969 Dr. R. Basappagowda Patil 1969 Dr. Ram Kumar Caroli 1969 Dr. Ramakrishna Ananthakrishna 1969 Dr. T. Venkatarama Mahalingam
Year
Name
Field Engineering
State
Country
1969 Dr. Tara Pada Basu 1969 Lt. Col Bishan Lal Raina 1969 Prof. Narayan Sridhar Bendre 1969 Prof. T.Varadachari Ramanujam 1969 Prof. Vulimiri Ramlingaswami 1969 Shri Ahmed Abbas Khwaja 1969 Shri Balraj Sahni 1969 Shri Brahm Nath Qasir Datta 1969 Shri Chand Chhabra 1969 Shri Chandrakant Gulabrao Borde 1969 Shri David Abraham 1969 Shri Dhyan Pal Singh 1969 Shri Gajanan Digamber Madgulkar 1969 Shri Gopaldas Neogi Chowdhry 1969 1969 Shri H. Govindarao Sreenivasa Murthy Shri K.S.A. Khader Ghulam Mohideen
Literature & Education Medicine Arts Social Work Medicine Arts Arts Literature & Education Civil Service Sports Arts Civil Service Literature & Education Social Work Science & Engineering Trade & Industry Social Work Medicine Social Work Civil Service Literature & Education Social Work Social Work Tamil Nadu Delhi Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Punjab Madhya Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Delhi Maharashtra Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Punjab West Bengal Delhi Maharashtra Maharashtra Uttarakhand Maharashtra West Bengal
United Kingdom India India India India India India India India India India India India India United States India India India India India India India India
1969 Shri Kalyan Singh Gupta 1969 Shri Kaviraj Ashuthosh Majumdar 1969 Shri Kishandas Bhagwandas Kapadia
1969 Shri Kumar Nandan Prasad 1969 Shri Mahendra Nath Kapur 1969 Shri Mangru Ganiu Uikey 1969 Shri N. Balakrishna Reddy
Year
Name
Field Literature & Education Arts Trade & Industry Arts Arts Literature & Education Arts Literature & Education Civil Service Civil Service Arts Literature & Education Literature & Education Trade & Industry Literature & Education Science & Engineering Literature & Education Arts Arts Social Work Social Work
State Maharashtra Punjab Delhi West Bengal Odisha Delhi Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Assam Delhi Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Tamil Nadu Bihar Tamil Nadu Delhi Delhi Karnataka Delhi Puducherry Tamil Nadu
Country India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
1969 Shri Pandurang Vasudeo Gadgil 1969 Shri Rajendra Kumar 1969 Shri Ram Lal Rajgarhia 1969 Shri Sachin Dev Burman 1969 Shri Sadashiv Rath Sharma 1969 Shri Shyam Lal Gupta 1969 Shri Singannachar Narasimha Swamy
1969 Shri Srinivasa Natarajan 1969 Shri Subodh Chandra Muk Dev 1969 Shri Sudhir Krishna Mukherjee 1969 Shri Sukhdev Singh 1969 Shri Surendera Nath Ghosh 1969 Shri Thiagarajan Muthia 1969 Shri Upendra Maharathi 1969 Shri V. Subbiah Pillai 1969 Shri Yogeshwar Dayal 1969 Smt. Amrita Pritam 1969 Smt. Byrappa Saroja devi Sriharasha
1969 Smt. Indrani Rahman 1969 Smt. Lila Indrasen 1969 Smt. Rajam Ramaswamy
Year
Name
Field Social Work Science & Engineering Assam
State
Country India India
1969 Smt. Roshan Phooken 1969 Smt. Savitri Sahani
Uttar Pradesh
References
1. ^ Padma Shri Award recipients list [show]

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Padma Shri Awards

[show]

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Recipients of the Padma Shri Civil awards and decorations of India
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Franais Edit links This page was last modified on 19 July 2013 at 19:08. Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License; additional terms may apply. By using this site, you agree to the Terms of Use and Privacy Policy. Wikipedia is a registered trademark of the Wikimedia Foundation, Inc., a non-profit organization. Privacy policy About Wikipedia Disclaimers Contact Wikipedia Developers Mobile view
Padma Shri Awards (201019)

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This is a list of the recipients of the Padma Shri, India's fourth highest civilian honour for 2010 2013.
Contents

1 Key 2 2010 3 2011 4 2012 5 2013 6 References
Key
* denotes awardees in the category of Foreigners/ NRIs/ PIOs.[1] denotes joint award.[2]
2010
The following is the list of the recipients of the Padma Shri in 2010:[1] Name Gulam Mohammed Mir Rekha Arjun Prajapati Arundhati Nag Carmel Berkson F. Wasifuddin Dagar Gul Bardhan Field Public Service Art Art Art Art Art Art State Jammu and Kashmir Maharashtra Rajasthan Karnataka Maharashtra Delhi Madhya Pradesh Country India India UK India India India India
Name Haobam Ongbi Ngangbi Devi Hari Uppal K. Raghavan Mayadhar Raut Mukund Lath Nemai Ghosh Raghunath Panigrahi Rajkumar Achouba Singh Ram Dayal Munda Resul Pokutty Saif Ali Khan Shobha Raju Sumitra Guha Ulhas Kashalkar D.R. Karthikeyan Ranjit Bhargava Arun Sarma Arvind Kumar Bertha Gyndykes Dkhar Govind Chandra Pande Hamidi Kashmiri Hermann Kulke Janaki Ballav Shastri Jitendra Udhampuri Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art
Field
State Manipur Bihar Kerala Delhi Rajasthan West Bengal Orissa Manipur Jharkhand Kerala Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Delhi West Bengal Delhi Uttarakhand Assam Maharashtra Meghalaya Madhya Pradesh Jammu and Kashmir
Country India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India Germany*
Civil Service Environment Protection Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and
Bihar Jammu and
India India
Name
Field Education
State Kashmir Uttar Pradesh Mizoram Goa Tamil Nadu West Bengal Tamil Nadu Goa Delhi
Country
Lal Bahadur Singh Chauhan Lalzuia Colney Maria Aurora Couto Rajalakshmi Parthasarathy Ramaranjan Mukherji Ranganathan Parthasarathy Romuald D'Souza Sadiq-ur-Rahman Kidwai Sheldon Pollock Surendra Dubey Anil Kumar Bhalla Arvinder Singh Soin B. Ramana Rao Jalakantapuram Ramaswamy Krishnamoorthy K.K. Aggarwal Kodaganur S. Gopinath Laxmi Chand Gupta Philip Augustine Rabindra Narain Singh Vikas Mahatme Rafael Iruzubieta Fernandez
Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Public Affairs
India India India India India India India India United States*
Chhattisgarh Delhi Delhi Karnataka Tamil Nadu Delhi Karnataka Delhi Kerala Bihar Maharashtra
India India India India India India India India India India India Spain*
Name M.R. Satyanarayana Rao Palpu Pushpangadan Ponisseril Somasundaran Pucadyil Ittoop John Vijay Prasad Dimri Vijaylakshmi Ravindranath Anu Aga Ayekpam Tomba Meetei Deep Joshi J.R. Gangaramani Kranti Shah Kurian John Melamparambil Baba Sewa Singh Sudha Kaul Sudhir M. Parikh Ignace Tirkey Kumar Ram Narain Karthikeyan Ramakant Vithal Achrekar Saina Nehwal Vijender Singh Virender Sehwag
Field Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Sports Sports Sports Sports Sports Sports
State Karnataka Kerala
Country India India United States*
Gujarat Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Maharashtra Manipur Delhi
India India India India India India United Arab Emirates*
Maharashtra Kerala Punjab West Bengal
India India India India United States*
Orissa Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Haryana Delhi Andhra Pradesh Kerala Delhi
India India India India India India India Bahrain* India
Alluri Venkata Satyanarayana Raju Trade and Industry B. Ravi Pillai Deepak Puri Trade and Industry Trade and Industry
Name Irshad Mirza Kapil Mohan Karsanbhai Khodidas Patel T.N. Manoharan Venu Srinivasan
Field Trade and Industry Trade and Industry Trade and Industry Trade and Industry Trade and Industry
State Uttar Pradesh Himachal Pradesh Gujarat Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu
Country India India India India India
2011
The following is the list of the recipients of the Padma Shri in 2011:[2] Name Neelam Mansingh Chowdhry Makar Dhwaja Darogha Shaji Neelakantan Karun Girish Kasaravalli Tabassum Hashmi Khan Jivya Soma Mase M. K. Saroja Jayaram Subramaniam Ajoy Chakraborty Mahasundari Devi Gajam Govardhana Sunayana Hazarilal S. R. Janakiraman Peruvanam Kuttan Marar Kalamandalam Kshemavathy Art-Theatre Art-Chhau Dance Art-Film Direction Art-Film making Art-Cinema Art-Warli Painting Art-Dance-Bharatnatyam Art-Cinema Art - Music-Indian Classical Vocal Art-Mithilia/Madhubani Painting Art-Handloom Weaving Art-Dance-Kathak Art-Carnatic Vocal Music Art-Chenda Melam-Drum concert Art-Dance-Mohiniattam Field State Chandigarh Jharkhand Kerala Karnataka Maharashtra Maharashtra Tamil Nadu Kerala West Bengal Bihar Country India India India India India India India India India India
Andhra Pradesh India Maharashtra Tamil Nadu Kerala Kerala India India India India
Name Dadi Dorab Pudumjee Khangembam Mangi Singh Prahlad Singh Tipaniya Usha Uthup Kajol Irfan Khan Mamraj Agrawal Jockin Arputham Nomita Chandy Sheela Patel Anita Reddy Kanubhai Hasmukhbhai Tailor Anant Darshan Shankar M. Annamalai Mahesh Haribhai Mehta Art-Puppetry
Field Delhi
State
Country India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
Art-Traditional Music of Manipur (Pena) Art-Folk Music Art-Music Art-Cinema Art-Cinema Social work Social work Social work Social work Social work Social work Public Affairs Science and Engineering Science and EngineeringAgricultural Science
Manipur Madhya Pradesh West Bengal Maharashtra Maharashtra West Bengal Maharashtra Karnataka Maharashtra Karnataka Gujarat Karnataka Karnataka Gujarat Tamil Nadu Delhi
Coimbatore Narayana Rao Science and Engineering Raghavendran Suman Sahai E. A. Siddiq Gopalan Nair Shankar Mecca Rafeeque Ahmed Kailasam Raghavendra Rao Narayan Singh Bhati P. K. Sen Shital Mahajan Science and Engineering Science and EngineeringAgricultural Science Science and EngineeringArchitecture Trade and Industry Trade and Industry Civil Services Civil Services Sports-Adventure Sports-Para
Andhra Pradesh India Kerala Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu India India India
Andhra Pradesh India Bihar Maharashtra India India
Name Jumping Nameirakpam Kunjarani Devi Sushil Kumar Vangipurapu Venkata Sai Laxman Gagan Narang Krishna Poonia Harbhajan Singh Pukhraj Bafna Mansoor Hasan Shyama Prasad Mandal Sivapatham Vittal Madanur Ahmed Ali Indira Hinduja Jose Chacko Periappuram A. Marthanda Pillai Mahim Bora Pullella Srirama Chandrudu Pravin Darji Chandra Prakash Deval Balraj Komal Rajni Kumar Devanur Mahadeva Barun Mazumder Avvai Natarajan Bhalchandra Nemade
Field
State
Country
Sports-Weightlifting Sports-Wrestling Sports-Cricket Sports-Shooting Sports-Discus Throw Sports-Mountaineering Medicine-Padeatrics Medicine-Cardiology Medicine-Orthopaedic Medicine-Endocrinology Medicine-Gastroenterology Medicine - Obstetrics and Gynaecology Medicine-Cardio-Thoracic Surgery Medicine-Neurosurgery Literature and Education Literature and EducationSanskrit Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education
Manipur Delhi
India India
Andhra Pradesh India Andhra Pradesh India Rajasthan Punjab Chhattisgarh Uttar Pradesh Delhi Tamil Nadu Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Kerala Kerala Assam India India India India India India India India India India India
Andhra Pradesh India Gujarat Rajasthan Delhi Delhi Karnataka West Bengal Tamil Nadu Himachal Pradesh India India India India India India India India
Name Riyaz Punjabi Koneru Ramakrishna Rao Buangi Sailo Devi Dutt Sharma Nilamber Dev Sharma Urvashi Butalia and Ritu Menon Krishna Kumar Deviprasad Dwivedi Mamang Dai Om Prakash Agrawal Madhukar Keshav Dhavalikar Shanti Teresa Lakra Gulshan Nanda Azad Moopen Upendra Baxi Mani Lal Bhaumik Subra Suresh Karl Harrington Potter Martha Chen Satpal Khattar Granville Austin
Field Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Others-Heritage Conservation Others-Archeology Others-Nursing Others-Handicrafts promotion Social work Public Affairs-Legal Affairs Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Literature and Education Social work Trade and Industry Literature and Education
State Jammu and Kashmir
Country India
Andhra Pradesh India Mizoram Uttarakhand Jammu and Kashmir Delhi Delhi Uttar Pradesh Arunachal Pradesh Uttar Pradesh Maharashtra Andaman & Nicobar Delhi India India India India India India India India India India India United Arab Emirates* United Kingdom* United States* United States* United States* United States* Singapore* United States*
2012
The following is the list of the recipients of the Padma Shri in 2012.[3][4]
Name Vanraj Bhatia Zia Fariduddin Dagar Nameirakpam Ibemni Devi Ramachandra Subraya Hegde Chittani Moti Lal Kemmu Shahid Parvez Khan Shri Mohan Lal Kumhar Sakar Khan Manganiar Joy Michael Minati Mishra Natesan Muthuswamy R. Nagarathnamma Kalamandalm Sivan Nambootiri Yamunabai Waikar Satish Alekar Pandit Gopal Prasad Dubey Ramakant Gundecha and Umakant Gundecha Anup Jalota Soman Nair (Priyadarsan) Sunil Janah Laila Tyebji Vijay Sharma Shamshad Begum Reeta Devi Art - Music
Field
State Maharashtra Maharashtra Manipur Karnataka Jammu and Kashmir Maharashtra Rajasthan Rajasthan Delhi Orissa Tamil Nadu Karnataka Kerala Maharashtra Maharashtra Jharkhand Madhya Pradesh Maharashtra Kerala Assam Delhi Himachal Pradesh Chattisgarh Delhi
Art - Music - vocal Art - Music- Khongjom Parba Art - Yakshagana dance drama Art - Playwright Art - Instrumental Music-Sitar Art - Terracotta Art - Rajasthani Folk Music Art - Theatre Art - Indian Classical DanceOdissi. Art - Theatre. Art - Theatre Art - Indian Classical DanceKutiyattam Art - Indian Folk Music-Lavani. Art - Playwright Art - Chhau dance and choreography Art - Indian Classical MusicVocal Art-Indian Classical MusicVocal Art - Cinema- Direction Art-Photography Art-Handicrafts Art-Painting Social Work Social Work
Name P.K. Gopal Phoolbasan Bai Yadav G. Muniratnam Niranjan Pranshankar Pandya Uma Tuli Sat Paul Varma Binny Yanga Yezdi Hirji Malegam Pravin H. Parekh V. Adimurthy Krishna Lal Chadha Virander Singh Chauhan Rameshwar Nath Koul Bamezai Vijaypal Singh Lokesh Kumar Singhal Yagnaswami Sundara Rajan Jagadish Shukla Priya Paul Shoji Shiba Gopinath Pillai Arun Hastimal Firodia Swati A. Piramal Mahdi Hasan Dr. V. Mohan J. Hareendran Nair Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Public Affairs Public Affairs
Field
State Tamil Nadu Chattisgarh
Country India India
Andhra Pradesh India Maharashtra Delhi Jammu and Kashmir Arunachal Pradesh Maharashtra Delhi Kerala Delhi Delhi Jammu and Kashmir Uttar Pradesh Punjab Karnataka India India India India India India India India India India India India India USA* Delhi India Japan* Singapore* Maharashtra Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Tamil Nadu Kerala India India India India India
Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Agriculture Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Agricultural Research Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Trade and Industry Trade and Industry Trade and Industry Trade and Industry Trade and Industry Medicine-Anatomy Medicine - Diabetology Medicine - Ayurveda
Name Vallalarpuram Sennimalai Natarajan Jitendra Kumar Singh Shrinivas S. Vaishya Nitya Anand Jugal Kishore Mukesh Batra Eberhard Fischer Kedar Gurung Surjit Singh Patar Vijay Dutt Shridhar Irwin Allan Sealy Geeta Dharmarajan Sachchidanand Sahai Pepita Seth Ralte L. Thanmawia Ajeet Bajaj Jhulan Goswami Zafar Iqbal Devendra Jhajrija Limba Ram Syed Mohammed Arif Ravi Chaturvedi Prabhakar Vaidya T. Venkatapathi Reddiar K. Ullas Karanth K Paddayya Swapan Guha
Field Medicine - Geriatrics Medicine - Oncology Medicine-Healthcare Medicine - Drugs Research Medicine - Homoeopathy Medicine-Homeopathy Literature and Education Literature and Education
State Tamil Nadu Bihar
Country India India
Daman and Diu India Uttar Pradesh Delhi * Maharashtra India Switzerland* Sikkim India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
Literature and Education - Poetry Punjab Literature and Education Journalism Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Literature and Education Sports - Skiing Sports - Cricket Sports-Hockey Sports - Athletics- Paralympics Sports - Archery Sports - Badminton Sports- Commentary Sports-Physical Education Others-Horticulture Others-Wildlife Conservation and Environment Protection Others-Archaeology Others-Ceramics Madhya Pradesh Uttarakhand Delhi Bihar Kerala Mizoram Delhi West Bengal Uttar Pradesh Rajasthan Rajasthan
Andhra Pradesh India Delhi Maharashtra Pondicherry Karnataka Maharashtra Rajasthan India India India India India India
Name Kartikeya V. Sarabhai
Field Others - Environmental Education
State Gujarat
Country India
2013
The following is the list of the recipients of the Padma Shri in 2013:[5] Name Gajam Anjaiah Swami G.C.D. Bharti alias Bharati Bandhu B. Jayashree Sridevi Kapoor Kailash Chandra Meher Brahmdeo Ram Pandit Vishwanath Dinkar Patekar alias Nana Patekar Rekandar Nageswara Rao alias Surabhi Babji Lakshmi Narayana Sathiraju Jaymala Shiledar Suresh Dattatray Talwalkar P. Madhavan Nair alias Madhu Apurba Kishore Bir Ghanakanta Bora Borbayan Hilda Mit Lepcha Sudha Malhotra Ghulam Mohammad Saznawaz Ramesh Gopaldas Sippy Mahrukh Tarapor Balwant Thakur Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Art Field State Andhra Pradesh Chhattisgarh Karnataka Maharashtra Orissa Maharashtra Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Maharashtra Kerala Maharashtra Assam Sikkim Maharashtra Jammu and Kashmir Maharashtra Maharashtra Jammu & Country India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
Name
Field
State Kashmir
Country
Puran Das Baul Rajendra Tikku Pablo Bartholomew S. Shakir Ali S.K.M Maeilanandhan Nileema Mishra Reema Nanavati Jharna Dhara Chowdhury Late Ram Krishan Late Manju Bharat Ram Mustansir Barma Avinash Chander Sanjay Govind Dhande (Dr.) Sankar Kumar Pal Deepak B. Phatak Mudundi Ramakrishna Raju Ajay K. Sood Krishnaswamy Vijayraghavan Manindra Agrawal Jayaraman Gowrishankar Sharad Pandurang Kale
Art Art Art Art Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Social Work Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and Engineering Science and
West Bengal Jammu & Kashmir Delhi Rajasthan Tamil Nadu Maharashtra Gujarat Uttar Pradesh Delhi Maharashtra Delhi Uttar Pradesh West Bengal Maharashtra Andhra Pradesh Karnataka Karnataka Uttar Pradesh Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra
India India India India India India India Bangladesh India India India India India India India India India India India India India
Name
Field Engineering
State
Country
Vandana Luthra Ms. Rajshree Pathy Hemendra Prasad Barooah Milind Kamble Kalpana Saroj Sudarshan K. Aggarwal C. Venkata S. Ram alias Chitta Venkata Sundara Ram Rajendra Achyut Badwe Taraprasad Das (Dr.) T.V. Devarajan (Dr.) Saroj Chooramani Gopal Pramod Kumar Julka Gulshan Rai Khatri Ganesh Kumar Mani Amit Prabhakar Maydeo Sundaram Natarajan Krishna Chandra Chunekar Vishwa Kumar Gupta (Capt.) Mohammad Sharaf-e-Alam Radhika Herzberger J. Malsawma Devendra Patel Rama Kant Shukla Akhtarul Wasey
Trade and Industry Trade and Industry Trade and Industry Trade and Industry Trade and Industry Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Medicine Literature & Education Literature & Education Literature & Education Literature & Education Literature & Education Literature &
Delhi Tamil Nadu Assam Maharashtra Maharashtra Delhi Andhra Pradesh Maharashtra Orissa Tamil Nadu Uttar Pradesh Delhi Delhi Delhi Maharashtra Maharashtra Uttar Pradesh Delhi Bihar Andhra Pradesh Mizoram Gujarat Delhi Delhi
India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India India
Name
Field Education
State
Country
Anvita Abbi Nida Fazli Surender Kumar Sharma Jagdish Prasad Singh Late Shaukat Riaz Kapoor Alias Salik Lakhnawi Noboru Karashima Christopher Pinney Premlata Agrawal Yogeshwar Dutt Hosanagara Nagarajegowda Girisha Subedar Major Vijay Kumar (sport shooter) Ngangom Dingko Singh Naib Subedar Bajrang Lal Takhar Ritu Kumar Ravindra Singh Bisht
Literature & Education Literature & Education Literature & Education Literature & Education Literature & Education Literature & Education Literature & Education Sports Sports Sports Sports Sports Sports Fashion Designing Archaeology
Delhi Madhya Pradesh Delhi Bihar West Bengal Jharkhand Haryana Karnataka Himachal Pradesh Manipur Rajasthan Delhi Uttar Pradesh
India India India India India Japan UK India India India India India India India India
References
1. ^ a b "This Year's Padma Awards announced" (Press release). Ministry of Home Affairs. 25 January 2010. Retrieved 25 January 2010. 2. ^ a b "Padma Awards Announced" (Press release). Ministry of Home Affairs. 25 January 2011. Retrieved 25 January 2011. 3. ^ Full list: 2012 Padma Vibhushan, Padma Bhushan and Padma Shri awardees, IBN Live, 25 January 2012, retrieved 26 January 2012 4. ^ "Padma Awards Announced". Press Information Bureau, Ministry of Home Affairs. 25-January, 2012. Retrieved August 26, 2013.
5. ^ "Padma Awards Announced" (Press release). Ministry of Home Affairs. 25 January 2013. Retrieved 25 January 2013. [show]

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Vir Chakra
From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search "VrC" redirects here. For other uses, see VRC.
Vir Chakra
Award Information War Time Gallantry Type National Bravery Category The third highest military decoration in Description India. 1952 Instituted 1947 First awarded 1999 Last awarded Government of India Awarded by Half dark blue, half orange Ribbon Award rank Maha Vir Chakra Vir Chakra
Vir Chakra is an Indian gallantry award presented for acts of bravery in the battlefield. It replaced the British Distinguished Service Cross (DSC), Military Cross (MC) and Distinguished Flying Cross (DFC). Award of the decoration carries with it the right to use Vr.C. as a postnominal abbreviation (note the care to distinguish this abbreviation from that for the Victoria Cross (V.C.). It is third in precedence in the war time gallantry awards and comes after the Param Vir Chakra and Maha Vir Chakra.[1]
Contents

1 Origin 2 Appearance 3 Notable Vir Chakra Awardees 4 References 5 External links
Origin
Established by the President of India on 26 January 1950 (with effect from 15 August 1947). The statutes were amended 12 January 1952 to readjust the order of wearing as new decorations were established.
Appearance
The medal is 1-3/8 inch circular silver medal. A five pointed star, with the chakra in the center, and, on this, the domed gilded state emblem. The decoration is named on the rim and suspended from a swiveling straight-bar suspender. The decoration is almost always named and dated on the edge. Around a plain center, two legends separated by lotus flowers; above Vir Chakra in Hindi and in English. The ribbon is 32 mm, half dark blue and half orange-saffron. Dark blue 16 mm, saffron 16 mm.
[2]
Notable Vir Chakra Awardees

Some are listed: 1. 2nd Lt. Gyanchand Nagar SS-23399 2. 2nd Lt. Hardev Pal Nayyar SS-23397 3. Denzil Keelor 4. Trevor Keelor 5. Krishan Kant Saini 6. Mohammad Ahmed Zaki 7. Satish Nambiar 8. Lt Col BT Pandit 9. Capt Ashok K Karkare,Arty 10. Captain Ravinder Nath Gupta[3] 11. Nb Sub Doraiswamy 12. Arun Prakash 13. Jerry Prem Raj 14. Rajiq Khan 15. Shish Ram Gill
16. Laxminarayan Ramdas 17. Zafar Ali Shah 18. Harbaksh Singh 19. Devendra Singh Kandari, VrC, Operation: 1971 Cactus Lily,Date of Award: 10 Dec 1971 20. Subedar Randhir Singh 21. Sunil Khokhar 22. Vijayant Thapar 23. Gopal Krishna Trivedi 24. Haneef Uddin 25. Zorawar Chand Bakhshi 26. Gurdev Singh Hans 27. Capt Gopalam Lakshminarayana Swamy 28. Wing Commander Vishnu Narain Johri 29. Nb Sub Chuni Lal,AC, VrC, SM (Gallantry) 30. Lieutenant Ram Lal Chauhan (1947) 31. Ajay Ahuja 32. Lt. Col. Raj Singh 33. Jagandoj Limbu 34. Major G C Verma 3 Dogra 35. Lt. Com. Suvesh Kumar Mitter (1971) 36. Captain Jintu Gogoi, 17th Garhwal (1999) 37. K.S RAJU Vrc 1971 (LEMP) 38. Commandant N.C. Sharma sub.maj kanshi singh 9th jak poonch sector 1947
The award carries with it a cash allowance and, in some cases, a lump sum cash award. This has been a rather controversial issue throughout the life of the decoration. From 1 February 1999, the central government set a monthly stipend of Rs. 850 for recipients of the award. In addition, many states have established individual pension rewards for the recipients of the decoration.
References
1. ^ http://www.bharat-rakshak.com/IAF/Awards/awavrc.htm 2. ^ "BHARAT RAKSHAK MONITOR: Volume 3(6)". Bharat-rakshak.com. Retrieved 2013-07-10. 3. ^ [1][dead link] Capt Ashok Kumar Karkare Naib Subedar ( Honourary Captain ) Ami Singh 1st Rajput C coy 6 February 1948 Naushera Sector, Tenidhar Check Post Naib Subedar Vasudev 1st Rajput C coy 6 February 1948 naushera Sector, Tenidhar check post Naik Ramswaroop 1st Rajput C coy 6 February 1948 Naushera Sector, Tenidhar Check Post Naik Prabhati Singh 1st Rajput C coy 6 February 1948 Naushera Sector, Tendhar check Post sub.maj kanshi singh 9th jak 1947 poonch sector
External links

Indian Army Awardees of Vir Chakra Indian Navy Awardees of Vir Chakra Indian Air Force Awardees of Vir Chakra Indian Gallantry Awards [2] [show]

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Ashok Chakra Award

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search This article may need to be rewritten entirely to comply with Wikipedia's quality standards. You can help. The discussion page may contain suggestions. (May 2011)
Ashok Chakra
Award Information Peace Time Gallantry Type National Bravery Category 1952 Instituted 1952 First awarded 2012 Last awarded Govt. of India Awarded by Ashoka Chakra, Class I Previous name(s) (till 1967) Lt. Navdeep Singh Last awardee(s) Award rank none Ashok Chakra Kirti Chakra
This article is about Ashok Chakra, an award. For information about Ashoka Chakra the symbol, see Ashoka Chakra. The Ashok Chakra is an Indian military decoration awarded for valor, courageous action or self-sacrifice away from the battlefield. It is the peace time equivalent of the Param Vir Chakra, and is awarded for the "most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent valour or self-
sacrifice" other than in the face of the enemy. The decoration may be awarded either to military or civilian personnel and may be awarded posthumously. It replaced the British George Cross. Subsequent awards of the Ashoka Chakra are recognized by a bar to the medal ribbon (Flt Lt Suhas Biswas was the first Indian Air Force officer to be awarded with Ashoka Chakra). It is possible for a recipient to be awarded the Kirti Chakra or Shaurya Chakra in addition for separate acts of gallantry.
Contents

1 History 2 Overview 3 Ashok Chakra Awardees List 4 References 5 External links
History
The medal was originally established on 4 January 1952 as the "Ashoka Chakra, Class I" as the first step of a three-class sequence of non-combatant bravery decorations. In 1967, these decorations were removed from the "class-based" system and renamed as the Ashoka Charkra, Kirti Chakra, and Shaurya Chakra. This is an important point in understanding the independent Indian view of decorations. It would also lead to changes in the Padma Vibhushan series, the distinguished service medal series, the life saving medal series, and the Defence Security Corps medal series. From 1 February 1999, the central government instituted a monthly stipend for Ashoka Chakra recipients of Rs. 1400. Jammu and Kashmir awarded a cash award of Rs. 1500 (ca. 1960) for recipients of this award.
Overview
Obverse: Circular gold gilt, 1-3/8 inches in diameter. In the center, the chakra (wheel) of Ashoka, surrounded by a lotus wreath and with an ornate edge. Suspended by a straight bar suspender. The medal is named on the edge. Reverse: Blank in the center, with "Ashoka Chakra" in Hindi along the upper edge on the medal and the same name in English along the lower rim, "ASHOKA CHAKRA". On either side is a lotus design. The center is blank, perhaps with the intent that details of the award be engraved there. There is no indication of the class on the pre-1967 awards, and, in fact, there is no difference between these medals and the post-1967 awards. Ribbon: 32 mm, dark green with a 2 mm central saffron stripe. Dark green 15 mm, saffron 2 mm, dark green 15 mm.
57 members were awarded with the "Ashoka Chakra" till 2012.
Ashok Chakra Awardees List

1. 2012 Lt. Navdeep Singh of 15 Maratha Light Infantry LT Navdeep Singh, commander of Ghatak platoon, was posted on line of control of high altitude area. On 20 August 2011 00.30 Hrs, he got the information of terrorist infiltration and decided to attack on them. In the middle of gunfire, he himself killed 3 terrorists from close range. He was shot in head, but he fearlessly carried on and killed the 4th terrorist also. He showed great valor and brotherhood while saving his fellow soldier. Despite being injured, he kept on firing till he fainted. He sacrificed his life while carrying out this operation. 2. 2011 Major Laishram Jyotin Singh who was posted at Kabul Embassy during 26 January Suicide Attack at the Indian Embassy in Kabul. When a terrorist killed 3 perimeter guards and entered the compound, firing wildly, he attacked the terrorist with his bare hands and caused the bomb vest worn by the terrorist to explode outside and cause less damage than intended. He was awarded the Ashok Chakra for extreme bravery in the face of danger. 3. 2010-Havildar Rajesh Kumar of 11 Rajputana Rifles Havildar Rajesh Kumar, who belonged to the Ghatak team was on a search mission in the dense forest of Kupwara district of J&K and during operations killed three terrorists. On 1 August 2009, a Section of Ghatak team searching the dense forest in Kupwara district of Jammu & Kashmir was subject to intense and indiscriminate firing by terrorists. Havildar Rajesh Kumar, who was leading the Section, returned the fire and scrambled into the undergrowth to outflank the terrorist. With dogged determination he closed-in around the flank and killed the terrorist. While continuing the search, the team was again engaged by two terrorists positioned upslope. Realizing the danger to the lives of his teammates, Havildar Rajesh Kumar moved to outflank one of the terrorists through a veritable hail of bullets. While closing in, he sustained gunshot wounds in the abdomen. Disregarding gunshot wounds, he shot and killed the second terrorist. Bleeding profusely, he moved to outflank the third terrorist from his blind side and engaged him in fierce hand to hand combat killing the terrorist with the burst of fire, before succumbing to his injuries. Havildar Rajesh Kumar showed unparalleled feat of most conspicuous gallantry, fortitude and the rare spirit of self-sacrifice in fighting the terrorists. 4. 2010-Major Mohit Sharma, born in Rohtak, Haryana, brought up in Ghaziabad in Uttar Pradesh and commissioned in 5 Madras Regiment in Dec 1999 who later moved to elite 1 Para (Special Forces) was killed in a battle with terrorists in the Hafruda forest in Jammu and Kashmir in March,2009. 5. 2010 -Major D Sreeram Kumar, serving with 39 Assam Rifles since March 2007, had eliminated 12 terrorists in counter insurgency operations in the northeast. 6. 2009 -Hemant Karkare Maharashtra ATS chief, died during a battle with terrorists in 2008 Mumbai Terrorist Attack.
7. 2009 -Vijay Salaskar Maharashtra Police Inspector, died during a battle with terrorists in 2008 Mumbai Terrorist Attack. 8. 2009 Ashok Kamte Maharashtra Additional Commissionor, died during a battle with terrorists in 2008 Mumbai Terrorist Attack. He fired the bullet hit the terrorist Ajmal Kasab on his arm, causing his AK-47 fall down. Kasab was the lone terrorist captured alive later. 9. 2009 Tukaram Ombale (Maharashtra Police assistant sub-inspector) Around midnight, a wireless message was flashed that two terrorists were moving towards Marine Drive in a car and Ombale immediately positioned barricades to block its passage. As soon the car stopped, one of the terrorists inside the car opened fire and Ombale rushed to the left side of the car and pounced on the second terrorist, Ajmal Kasab, to snatch his AK-47 rifle, holding on to the gun despite being shot, until other officers overpowered the terrorist. In the process, he got seriously injured and later succumbed to injuries. 10. 2009 Havaldar Gajender Singh Led his squad in the operation to rescue hostages from the terrorists holed up at Nariman House. After clearing the top floor of the terrorists, he reached the place where the ultras had taken position. As he closed in, the terrorists hurled a grenade injuring him. Undeterred, Gajender Singh kept firing and closing in on the terrorists by exposing himself to the hostile fire. In the act, he injured one of the terrorists and forced others to retreat inside a room. He continued the encounter till he succumbed to injuries. 11. 2009 -NSG's Major Sandeep Unnikrishnan A NSG commando with the 51 Special Action Group, led the commando operation launched on 27 November to flush out terrorists from Taj Mahal hotel in which he rescued 14 hostages but died fighting 12. 2009 -Delhi cop Mohan Chand Sharma Led an anti-terror operation at Batla House in the national capital in September 2008. On 19 September 2008, Sharma received specific information that a suspected person wanted in connection with the serial bomb blasts in Delhi was hiding in a flat in Batla House area of Jamia Nagar. Leading a seven-member team, he quickly reached the identified flat and as soon as he entered the flat, he received the first burst of fire from the terrorists holed up inside. Undaunted, he returned the fire and in the ensuing exchange of fire, two terrorists were killed and one captured, but Sharma succumbed to injuries later. 13. 2009 -Col Jojan Thomas -Col Jojan Thomas of Army's Jat Regiment was serving in Jammu and Kashmir as the Commanding Officer of 45 Rastriya Rifles when on 22 August 2008, at around 3:30 hours, he was informed of terrorists' movement. The officer immediately rushed to the area with available troops and soon a fierce firefight ensued. The Colonel eliminated two terrorists from close quarters. In the process, he sustained severe gunshot wounds. In spite of this, he engaged the third terrorist in a fierce hand-to-hand fight before eliminating him. But he later succumbed to bullet injuries 14. 2009 -Army commando Bahadur Singh Bohra -In another counter-insurgency operation in Jammu and Kashmir in September last, Army Special Forces commando Havildar Bahadur Singh Bohra of 10 Parachute Regiment was the squad commander of an assault team deployed in
the Lawanz area. Bohra observed a group of terrorists at around 6.15 hours and moved quickly to intercept them. In the process, he came under heavy hostile fire. Undaunted, he charged at the terrorists and killed one of them. However, he suffered severe gunshot wounds. Refusing evacuation, he continued with the assault and killed two more terrorists at extremely close range. However, he later succumbed to injuries. 15. 2009 -Meghalaya cop R P Diengdoh -Cop R P Diengdoh was conferred the medal posthumously for his acts of bravery in November 2007, when he joined an operation to neutralise 10 armed militants holed up in the state's jungles. Diengdoh volunteered to lead the police party in the operations against the militants and reached the site the next day just before dawn. The assault team charged into the camp to flush out the militants, who opened heavy fire. Diengdoh boldly returned the fire and shot dead one militant. However, he was hit by a bullet. Unmindful of the grave injury, he continued to lead the team and managed to capture two dreaded militants. 16. 2009 Orissa SOG Assistant Commandant PR Satapathy On 15 February 2008, about 500 heavily armed Naxalites carried out simultaneous attacks on police at various locations in and around Bhubaneswar looting many weapons and killing several police personnel. Thereafter, they hid in nearby jungles. Satapathy, who was training in-charge for SOG, along with a mere 20 police personnel reached the elevated position taken by the Naxalites inside the jungle and immediately mounted an assault on them. The Naxalites retaliated with heavy fire on the police team and in a fierce encounter lasting for about two hours, Satapathy led the operations, but fell to bullet injuries. 17. 2008 Major Dinesh Raghu Raman -Major Raman was commissioned into 19 battalion of the Jat Regiment. He was awarded the Chief of Army Staff Commendation Card in Drass during the Kargil conflict. Posted to 34 Rashtriya Rifles Battalion, he conducted a successful operation OP Narawar in June last year, leading to the elimination of three terrorists. On 2 October, Major Raman deployed his company in a village in Baramulla district of Jammu and Kashmir, where an encounter with terrorists had begun. While closing in on suspected houses, Major Raman heard shouts of a fellow officer (Major K.P. Vinay, awarded the Kirti Chakra posthumously) who had been seriously injured. He crawled towards the injured officer under heavy fire and shifted him and two others to safety. He then took on two terrorists who had caused heavy casualties to the troops and shot both of them dead. The other terrorists fired at Major Raman from another house, causing him injuries that proved fatal. 18. 2007 Capt. Radhakrishnan Nair Harshan of 2 Parachute Regiment, Special Forces 19. 2007 Naib Subedar Chuni Lal, VrC, SM of 8 J&K Light Infantry 20. 2007 Col Vasanth Venugopal of 9 Maratha Light Infantry 21. 2004 Lt. Triveni Singh the young officer who lost his life while gunning down two terrorists who had entered the Jammu railway station to commit a massacre. Lt. Triveni Singh headed the army's Quick Reaction Team posted at the station, spotted the two heavily armed Lashkar-e-Tayyiba terrorists forcing their way into the station in battle fatigues. Singh and his
'Ghatak Commandos' reached the spot within 10 minutes and cordoned off the station. Triven Singh took on the terrorists in a gunfight at close quarters. He faced indiscriminate firing. He succeeded in killing one of them. The second terrorist lobbed a grenade at Singh, who was seriously injured. But even in an injured condition he killed the terrorist. Lt Singh succumbed to his injuries later. 22. 2003 Special Forces Paratrooper Sanjog Chhetri Paratrooper Sanjog Chhetri of 9 PARA (SF) was part of a team tasked for carrying out operations on terrorist location at "Hill Kaka" (J&K) on 22 April 2003. The commandos while approaching the terrorist hide out drew heavy automatic fire. Sensing danger for his comrades Sanjog assaulted the hideout and killed one terrorist. In spite of being wounded and bleeding profusely the young commando kept on assaulting till he shot and killed one more terrorist. By his gallant action, Paratrooper Sanjog Chhetri provided chance for his comrades to engage the remaining terrorists effectively, but he succumbed to his injuries. The team of commandos in retaliation killed all the remaining thirteen terrorists. For his brave action Paratrooper Sanjog Chhetri was awarded the highest peace time gallantry award of ASHOK CHAKRA posthumously. 23. 2002 Surinder Singh 24. 2002 Naik Rambeer Singh Tomar 25. 2000 Major Sudhir Kumar Walia On 29 August, Major Sudhir Kumar Walia with a squad of five commandos was on a "Search and Destroy" mission in the dense jungle of "Hafruda Forest" in Kupwara district, J&K. The squad suddenly chanced upon a well camouflaged hide out having twenty terrorists. Maj Sudhir Kumar surged ahead of his squad and taking advantage of the element of surprise, neutralised the sentries and single handedly killed four militants. In spite of the grave injuries during this gallant action, which were to prove fatal, the brave officer kept directing his men with his radio set and ultimately ensured that the terrorists were eliminated. This gallant officer went beyond the call of duty and in the highest tradition of the Army sacrificed his life for the country, for which he was awarded the highest peace time gallantry award of ASHOK CHAKRA posthumously. 26. 1997 Sec Lt. Puneet Nath Dutt 27. 1997 Lt Col Shanti Swaroop Rana 28. 1996 Captain AS Jasrotia On 15 September 1995 Captainj Jasrotia, SM of 9 PARA (SF) while leading his team in Lolab Valley, J&K came under heavy rocket and small arm fire. In order to extricate his men, this brave officer crawled forward and in spite of being injured gravely killed one terrorist with his commando knife and neutralized the other terrorist by lobbing grenades. His brave and gallant action gave opportunity for his comrades to take cover and engage the remaining terrorists effectively. In the ensuing firefight the brave officer succumbed to his injuries. However in retaliation the commandos eliminated all remaining terrorists. For his gallant action Captain Arun Jasrotia was awarded with the highest peace time gallantry award of ASHOK CHAKRA posthumously.
29. 1995 Major Rajiv Kumar Joon 30. 1995 Sujjan Singh 31. 1995 Harsh Uday Singh Gaur 32. 1994 N Jaychandran Nair 33. 1993 Rakesh Singh 34. 1992 Sandeep Sankhla 35. 1991 Randhir Prasad Verma -Randhir Prasad Verma was an Indian police officer who died while trying to resist a robbery attempt in a bank in Dhanbad. He was posthumously awarded the gallantry award Ashok Chakra on 26 January 1991. The Government of India also issued a Commemorative postage stamp in his honor in 2004. Randhir Prasad Verma, who joined the Indian Police Service in 1974, had the pride of eliminating the notorious Matka Gamblers gang. On the fateful day of 3 January 1991, immediately on coming to know about an attempt by dacoits to rob the Hirapur Branch of Bank of India, Dhanbad, he rushed to the spot accompanied by his bodyguard and armed only with a service revolver between the two of them. Preferring not to wait for reinforcements to arrive which may have given time to the dacoits to escape he opted to confront them asking them to surrender. The dacoits opened fire on him with their sophisticated weapons and fatally wounded him by two gun shots. Despite being seriously wounded, he fired back and killed one and injured another of the three dacoits. Faced with his assault, the third dacoit tried to escape, but was caught by the stunned spectators and was subsequently handed over to the police. However, Randhir Prasad Verma succumbed to his injuries. Randhir Prasad Verma set an example for the society by his act of gallantry. He was not intimidated despite being outnumbered by the robbers who were armed with superior weapons. He is survived by his widow, Prof. (Mrs.) Rita Verma and two sons. Mrs. Verma, subsequently joined politics and was elected as Member of Parliament from Dhanbad for four consecutive terms. 36. 1987 Neerja Bhanot Neerja Bhanot was the senior flight purser on the ill-fated Pan Am Flight 73, hijacked as it headed out of Mumbai and landed at Karachi en route to Frankfurt and onward to New York City by four armed terrorists. Despite being tackled, she helped the threemember cockpit crew of pilot,co-pilot and the flight engineer escape. In the following 17-hour ordeal, she hid the passports of the passengers on the flight so that the hijackers could not differentiate between American and Non-American citizens. Eventually, she opened the emergency door, flung a chute and assisted a number of passengers escape from the flight, while she laid down her life shielding three children from bullets fired by theterrorists 37. 1985 Chhering Mutup 38. 1985 Nirbhay Singh 39. 1985 Bhawani Datt Joshi
40. 1985 Lt. Ram prakash Roperia 41. 1985 Captain Jasbir Singh Raina 42. 1985 Major Bhukant Misra 43. 1985 Sq Ldr Rakesh Sharma 44.b. 1984 Gennadi Strekalov 44.a. 1984 Yury Vasilyevich Malyshev 44. 1981 Brigadier Cyrus Addie Pithawala 45. 1974 Gurunam Singh 46. 1972 Ummed Singh Mahra In one of the most difficult counter-insurgency operation in Nagaland, an insurgent revealed the location of self-styled Brigadier Pavizo and his HQ. A raiding party led by A raiding party led by Captain Umed Singh Mahra of 19 Raj Rif made a night long march negotiating slippery slopes and fast flowing nullahs in the festering Nagaland jungles to surprise the hostiles in the early hours of 6 July 1971. In the ensuing firefight Capt. Mahra was wounded in the stomach. The officer continued to lead what turned out to be one of the most successful raids in Nagaland resulting in the capture of large cache of arms, ammunition and important documents. He then uncomplainingly endured the long journey back before succumbing to his wounds. For his intense display of leadership, endurance and bravery he was awarded the Ashok Chakra 47. 1969 Jas Ram Singh On 31 October 1968 at 0430 hrs, his patrol was fired upon by hostiles in Mizoram. This Lion hearted officer assaulted the hostiles position and killed two and wounded six hostiles. Three hostiles surrendered. By his courageous deed of leading his men who were trapped in a difficult situation he set a fine example to his patrol and men 48. 1962 Kharka Bahadur Linibu 49. 1962 Captain Mani Bahadur Rai for his gallant action against insurgents in Nagaland, where he led a platoon through two hostile positions into the heart of their stronghold and dislodged them. 50. 1958 Eric James Tucker - was in command of 'B' Company, 2nd Battalion, The Maratha Light Infantry, operating in the Naga Hills. He was assigned the task of opening the line of communication from Chakabama to Phek, a distance of 42 miles, and thereafter to Meluri, a further distance of 20 miles, to destroy the hostile concentrations en route and to establish a post at Meluri This he successfully achieved on 9 October 1956. He was killed in an ambush laid by the hostiles on 2 August 1957, while proceeding from Khazarni to Kivkhu with a platoon. 51. 1957 J R Chitnis
52. 1957 P M Raman 53. 1957 Joginder Singh 54. 1956 Sundar Singh 55 1952 Flt Lt Suhas Biswas [1] On 3 February 1952, The U. P. Area command of the Indian Army was holding a tactical Exercise in Lucknow. To Witness this Exercise, High ranking Army Officials decided to fly down to the Exercise to observe. The Then GOC-in-C Western Command Lt Gen S. M Shrinagesh (Later COAS), The Quarter Master General Maj-Gen K. S . Thimayya (later COAS), The Chief of General Staff Maj Gen S. P. P. Thorat (later GOC-inC East), The Military Secretary Maj Gen Sarda Nand, Maj Gen Mohinder Singh Chopra and Brig Ajaib Singh boarded the IAF HQ and Communications Flight De Havilland Devon (HW 516) which was being flown by Flt Lt Suhas Biswas. The Devon reached Lucknow and after the exercises were completed, the Officers returned for the return flight to Delhi. The Devon took off at 1800 Hrs and moments after the aircraft took off, the Crew observed the port engine was spewing smoke and soon a fire broke out. The Devon became difficult to control and as the fire kept creeping towards the main fuselage, Biswas, the pilot put the Devon in a dive in an attempt to reduce altitude and attempt a crash landing before the aircraft fuel reserves caught fire and blew up. As the Devon was put into the dive, The Aircraft shuddered in the airflow and The Engine mounting broke away, resulting in the Burning Engine separating from the wing and falling off. Biswas levelled the Aircraft and belly landed successfully at a village near the Sandilla Railway Station. All the occupants walked out of the crashed aircraft unhurt with the pilot being the last to leave. Flt Lt Suhas Biswas awarded the First Ashoka Chakra to the Indian Air Force for the presence of mind, Skill and cool courage in maintaining the Stricken aircraft and saving the lives of many Senior Army Officers. Which included Two Future Army Chiefs and an Army Commander. The Air Force Chief, Air Marshal Subroto Mukerjee, had had the passenger chairs removed from the wrecked Devon and presented it individually to each of the survivors of the crash with a Brass Plate mentioning the circumstances of the crash. Flt Lt Biswas died Two Years later when his Dakota crashed in the Niligiri Hills. 56. 1952 Havildar Bachittar Singh Sikh Regiment 13 September 1948 Naldrug, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India[2] In 1948 battalions of the Sikh Regiment were involved in the Hyderabad police action. 2 Sikh were in the Naldurg fort area. Hav. Bachitter Singh leading a platoon saw two vehicles coming from Naldurg and in spite of heavy fire, he ran forward and captured the vehicles and its escorts. Later in the day a well-entrenched Hyderabdi position opened fire with Bren guns on the Sikhs. Hav. Bachittar Singh charged the position and about 20 yards from it was hit in the thigh. He crawled forward and silenced the post by lobbying grenades. Even though wounded he kept on encouraging his men to go forward and destroy other positions. He was p osthumously awarded the Ashoka Chakra, becoming the first Indian to receive this gallantry award.
57. 1952 Naik Nar Bahadur Thapa On 15 September 1948, No 2 platoon of A Company, 5th Battalion the 5th Gorkha Rifles[3] was held up on left flank of the Tungabhadra Railway Bridge in Hyderabad by automatic fire from two enemy positions. No sooner the hostile positions were engaged by fire by his section, Naik Bahadur Thapa dashed across 100 yards of open ground under intense enemy fire. He silenced the machine gun post crew with his khukri. In doing so Naik Nar Bahadur Thapa acted with great courage, in complete disregard for his personal safety. By his gallant action, his platoon was able to advance and secure the vital Tungabhadra bridge. In Recognition of his iniative, persoanl bravery, superior leadership and outsatanding devotion to duty in the highest tradition of the Battalion, Naik Nar Bahadur Thapa was awarded India's first Ashok Chakra.
References
1. ^ "Indian Air Force:: Ashoka Chakra". 25 August 2012. 2. ^ "Havildar Bachittar Singh". 22 August 2011. 3. ^ "Naik Nar Bahadur Thapa". 22 August 2011.
External links

Ashok Chakra at Indian Army website Bharat Rakshak Page on Ashoka Chakra Ashoka Chakra awardees of the Indian Air Force Recipients of Ashoka Chakra Award [show]

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Param Vir Chakra

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Jump to: navigation, search For the Indian-born British composer, see Param Vir. Param Vir Chakra
Param Vir Chakra and its ribbon, the highest military decoration of India
Awarded by India
Type Eligibility Medal Military personnel only "... most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent act of valour or self sacrifice, in the presence of the enemy, whether on land, at sea, or in the air." [1] Currently awarded
Awarded for
Status Established First awarded Last awarded Total awarded Posthumous
Statistics
26 January 1950 3 November 1947 6 July 1999 21 14
awards Distinct recipients Next (higher) Next (lower)
21
Precedence
None Maha Vir Chakra
The Param Vir Chakra (PVC) is India's highest military decoration awarded for the highest degree of valour or self-sacrifice in the presence of the enemy. It can be, and often has been, awarded posthumously. The PVC was established on 26 January 1950 (the date of India becoming a republic), by the President of India, with effect from 15 August 1947 (the date of Indian independence). It can be awarded to officers or enlisted personnel from all branches of the Indian military. It is the second highest award of the government of India after Bharat Ratna (amendment in the statute on 26 January 1980 resulted in this order of wearing). It replaced the former British colonial Victoria Cross (VC), (see List of Indian Victoria Cross recipients). Provision was made for the award of a bar for second (or subsequent) awards of the Param Vir Chakra. To date, there have been no such awards. Award of the decoration carries with it the right to use P.V.C. as a postnominal abbreviation. The Ashoka Chakra is the peace time equivalent of the Param Vir Chakra, and is awarded for the "most conspicuous bravery or some daring or pre-eminent valour or self-sacrifice" other than in the face of the enemy. The decoration may be awarded either to military or civilian personnel and may be awarded posthumously. The award also carries a cash allowance for those under the rank of lieutenant (or the appropriate service equivalent) and, in some cases, a cash award. On the death of the recipient, the pension is transferred to the widow until her death or remarriage. The paltry amount of the pension has been a rather controversial issue throughout the life of the decoration. By March 1999, the stipend stood at Rs. 1500 per month. In addition, many states have established individual pension rewards that far exceeds the central government's stipend for the recipients of the decoration. Sanjay Kumar, Yogendra Singh Yadav and Subedar Major Bana Singh are the only serving personnel of the Indian defence establishment with a Param Vir Chakra.[2]
Contents

1 Design 2 Recipients 3 Regiments 4 Notes 5 External links
Design
The medal was designed by Savitri Khanolkar (born Eva Yuonne Linda Maday-de-Maros to a Hungarian father and Russian mother) who was married to an Indian Army officer, Vikram Khanolkar. This was done following a request from the first Indian Adjutant General, Major General Hira Lal Atal, who in turn had been entrusted with the responsibility of coming up with an Indian equivalent of the Victoria Cross by Pandit Jawahar Lal Nehru, the first Prime Minister of the Indian Union. Coincidentally, the first Param Vir Chakra was awarded to her son-in-law Lt Gen Surinder Nath Sharma's (ENC) elder brother, Major Somnath Sharma for his bravery in the Kashmir operations in November 1947. He died while evicting Pakistani infiltrators and raiders from the Srinagar Airport. This was when India and newly-formed Pakistan had the first war over the Kashmir issue. The medal is a circular bronze disc 1.375 inches (3.49 cm) in diameter. The state emblem appears in the center, on a raised circle. Surrounding this, four replicas of Indra's Vajra (the allpowerful mythic weapon of the ancient Vedic King of Gods). The decoration is suspended from a straight swiveling suspension bar. It is named on the edge. On the rear, around a plain center, are two legends separated by lotus flowers. The words Param Vir Chakra are written in Hindi and English.[3] A purple ribbon, 32 millimetres (1.3 in) long, holds the Param Vir Chakra. The medal symbolizes Rishi Dadhichi, who had donated his bones to the Gods for making Vajra. The Indian General Service Medal 1947 which contained the Bhavani sword was withdrawn later.[4]
Recipients
Number IC-521 IC-22356 SS-14246 Regiment Date Place 4th Battalion, Major Som Nath November Kumaon Badgam, Kashmir Sharma 3, 1947 Regiment Lance Naik Karam 1st Battalion, October 13, Tithwal, Kashmir Singh Sikh Regiment 1948 Second Lieutenant Corps of April 8, Rama Raghoba Naushera, Kashmir Engineers 1948 Rane 1st Battalion, Naik Jadu Nath February Rajput Naushera, Kashmir Singh 1948 Regiment Company Havildar 17 July 6th Battalion, Major Piru Singh 194818 Tithwal, Kashmir Rajputana Rifles Shekhawat July 1948 Captain Gurbachan 3rd Battalion, December 5, Elizabethville, Singh Salaria 1st Gorkha 1961 Katanga, Congo Name Notes Posthumous
27373
Posthumous
2831592 IC-8947
Posthumous Posthumous
Regiment Rifles (The Malaun Regiment) 1st Battalion, Major Dhan Singh IC-7990 8th Gorkha Thapa Rifles Subedar Joginder JC-4547 Singh Major Shaitan IC-7990 Singh Company Quarter 2639885 Master Havildar Abdul Hamid Lieutenant-Colonel IC-5565 Ardeshir Burzorji Tarapore 4239746 1st Battalion, Sikh Regiment 13th Battalion, Kumaon Regiment
Number
Name
Date
Place
Notes
October 20, Ladakh, India 1962 Tongpen La, October 23, Northeast Frontier 1962 Agency, India November 18, 1962 Rezang La Pakistan, Khem Karan Sector Posthumous
Posthumous
4th Battalion, September The Grenadiers 10, 1965 17th Poona Horse
Posthumous
October 15, Phillora, Sialkot 1965 Sector, Pakistan
Posthumous
14th Battalion, Lance Naik Albert Brigade of the Ekka Guards Flying Officer No.18 10877 Nirmal Jit Singh Squadron, F(P) Sekhon Indian Air Force 2/Lieutenant Arun 17th Poona IC-25067 Khetarpal Horse Major Hoshiar 3rd Battalion, IC-14608 Singh The Grenadiers 8th Battalion, JCNaib Subedar Bana Jammu and 155825 Singh Kashmir Light Infantry 8th Battalion, Major Ramaswamy IC-32907 Mahar Parameshwaran Regiment Captain Manoj IC-56959 Kumar Pandey Yogendra Singh Yadav 13760533 Rifleman Sanjay 2690572 1st Battalion, 11th Gorkha Rifles
December 3, Gangasagar, Agartala Posthumous 1971 Sector December 14, 1971 December 16, 1971 December 17, 1971 June 23, 1987 November 25, 1987 Srinagar, Kashmir Jarpal, Shakargarh Sector Basantar River, Shakargarh Sector Siachen Glacier, Jammu and Kashmir Posthumous Posthumous
Sri Lanka
Posthumous
Khaluber/Juber Top, Batalik sector, Kargil July 3, 1999 Posthumous area, Jammu and Kashmir 18th Battalion, Tiger Hill, Kargil July 4, 1999 The Grenadiers area 13th Battalion, July 5, 1999 Area Flat Top, Kargil
Number
Name Kumar Captain Vikram Batra
IC-57556
Regiment Date Place Jammu & Area Kashmir Rifles 13th Battalion, Point 5140, Point Jammu & July 6, 1999 4875, Kargil Area Kashmir Rifles
Notes
Posthumous
Regiments
Members of the Indian Army at the India Gate war memorial in Delhi. Of the 21 awardees, 20 are from the Indian Army and one from the Indian Air Force. The Grenadiers have received the most number of Param Vir Chakras, with 3 awards. The Gorkha Rifles have received 3 awards, with the 1st Gorkha Rifles (The Malaun Regiment) and 8th Gorkha Rifles and 11th Gorkha Rifles .
Notes
1. ^ "Param Vir Chakra". Gallantry Awards. Indian Army. Retrieved 2009-09-30.[dead link] 2. ^ "Other States / West Bengal News : Living with war memories that never fade". The Hindu. 2010-08-08. Retrieved 2013-07-10. 3. ^ http://www.sify.com/news/the-first-param-vir-chakra-news-national-jegtl2hjjdg.html 4. ^ General Service Medal 1947
External links

Paramvirchakra.com Satyindra Singh (20 June 1999). "Honouring the Bravest of the Brave". The Tribune, Chandigarh. Retrieved 4 April 2012. Interesting information on Savitri Khanolkar, designer of the award. http://india.gov.in (List of Recipients). PVC Awardees [show]
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Arjuna Award
Arjuna Award
Award Information Type Category Instituted First awarded Last awarded Awarded by Cash award Award rank Rajiv Gandhi Khel Ratna Arjuna Award none Civilian Sports (Individual) 1961 1961 2012 Govt. of India 500,000
The Arjuna Awards were instituted in 1961 by the government of India to recognize outstanding achievement in National sports. The award carries a cash prize of 500,000, a bronze statuette of Arjuna and a scroll. Over the years the scope of the award has been expanded and a large number of sports persons who belonged to the pre-Arjun Award era were also included in the list. Further, the number of disciplines for which the award is given was increased to include indigenous games and the physically handicapped category. The Government has recently revised the scheme for the Arjun Award.[1] As per the revised guidelines, to be eligible for the Award, a sportsperson should not only have had good performance consistently for the previous three years at the international level with excellence for the year for which the Award is recommended, but should also have shown qualities of leadership, sportsmanship and a sense of discipline.
From the year 2001, the award is given only in disciplines falling under the following categories:

Olympic Games / Asian Games / Commonwealth Games / World Cup / World Championship Disciplines and Cricket Indigenous Games Sports for the Physically Challenged
In mid-August 2011, 19 athletes were announced as Arjuna recipients; the high number due to the inclusion of both the 2010 Commonwealth Games and 2010 Asian Games in the Arjuna qualifying year.[2][3] In 2012, 25 sportspersons were conferred with the Arjuna awards.
Contents

1 Arjun Awardees in Archery 2 Arjun Awardees in Athletics 3 Arjun Awardees in Badminton 4 Arjun Awardees in Ball Badminton 5 Arjun Awardees in Basketball 6 Arjun Awardees in Billiards & Snooker 7 Arjun Awardees in Boxing 8 Arjun Awardees in Carrom 9 Arjun Awardees in Chess 10 Arjun Awardees in Cricket 11 Arjun Awardees in Cycling 12 Arjun Awardees in Equestrian 13 Arjun Awardees in Football 14 Arjun Awardees in Golf 15 Arjun Awardees in Gymnastics 16 Arjun Awardees in Hockey 17 Arjun Awardees in Judo 18 Arjun Awardees in Kabaddi 19 Arjun Awardees in Lawn Tennis 20 Arjun Awardees in Power Lifting 21 Arjun Awardees in Rowing 22 Arjun Awardees in Polo 23 Arjun Awardees in Shooting 24 Arjun Awardees in Squash 25 Arjun Awardees in Swimming 26 Arjun Awardees in Table Tennis 27 Arjun Awardees in Volleyball 28 Arjun Awardees in Weightlifting 29 Arjun Awardees in Wrestling 30 Arjun Awardees in Wushu 31 Arjun Awardees in Yachting
32 References 33 External links
Arjun Awardees in Archery
Mangal Singh Champia S.No. Year Name 1 1981 Krishna Das 2 1989 Shyam Lal 3 1991 Limba Ram 4 1992 Sanjeev Kumar Singh 5 2005 Tarundeep Rai 6 2005 Dola Banerjee 7 2006 Jayanta Talukdar 8 2009 Mangal Singh Champia 9 2011 Rahul Banerjee 10 2012 Deepika Kumari 11 2012 Laishram Bombayla Devi 12 2013 Chekrovolu Swuro
Arjun Awardees in Athletics
Mercy Kuttan
Reeth and Beedu S.No. Year Name 1 1961 Gurbachan Singh Randhawa 2 1962 Tarlok Singh 3 1963 Stephie D'Souza 4 1964 Makhan Singh 5 1965 Kenneth Powell 6 1966 Ajmer Singh 7 1966 B. S. Barua 8 1967 Praveen Kumar 9 1967 Bhim Singh 10 1968 Joginder Singh 11 1968 Manjit Walia 12 1969 Harnek Singh 13 1970 Mohinder Singh Gill 14 1971 Edward Sequeira 15 1972 Vijay Singh Chauhan 16 1973 Sriram Singh 17 1974 T. C. Yohannan
S.No. Year Name 18 1974 Shivnath Singh 19 1975 Hari Chand 20 1975 V. Anusuya Bai 21 1976 Bahadur Singh 22 1976 Geeta Zutshi 23 1978-79 Suresh Babu 24 1978-79 Angel Mary Joseph 25 1979-80 R. Gyanasekaran 26 1980-81 Gopal Saini 27 1981 Sabir Ali 28 1982 Charles Borromeo 29 1982 Chand Ram 30 1982 M. D. Valsamma 31 1983 Suresh Yadav 32 1983 P. T. Usha 33 1984 Raj Kumar 34 1984 Shiny Abraham 35 1985 Raghubir Singh Bal 36 1985 Asha Agarwal 37 1985 Adille Sumariwala 38 1986 Suman Rawat 39 1987 Balwinder Singh 40 1987 Vandana Rao 41 1987 Bagicha Singh 42 1987 Vandana Shanbagh 43 1988 Ashwini Nachappa 44 1989 Mercy Kuttan 45 1990 Deena Ram 46 1992 Bahadur Prasad 47 1993 K. Saramma 48 1994 Rosa Kutty 49 1995 Shakti Singh 50 1995 Jyotirmoyee Sikdar 51 1995 Malathi Krishnamurthy Holla (Para Athlete) 52 1996 Kallegowda (Para Athlete) 53 1996 Ajit Bhaduria 54 1996 Padmini Thomas
S.No. Year 55 1997 56 1997 57 1998 58 1998 59 1998 60 1998 61 1998 62 1999 63 1999 64 1999 65 1999 66 1999 67 2000 68 2000 69 2000 70 2001 71 2002 72 2002 73 2003 74 2003 75 2004 76 2004 77 2004 78 2005 79 2006 80 2007 81 2009 82 2010 83 2010 84 2010 85 2011 86 2012 87 2012 88 2012 89 2012
Name M. Mahadeva (Para Athlete) Reeth Abraham Sirichand Ram Neelam Jaswant Singh S. D. Eshan Rachita Mistry Paramjit Singh Gulab Chand G. Venkataravanappa (Para Athlete) Gurmit Kaur Parduman Singh Sunita Rani K. M. Beenamol Yadvendra Vashishta (Para Athlete) Joginder Singh Bedi (Para Athlete For Lifetime Contribution) K.R. Shankar Iyer (Para Athlete) Anju Bobby George Saraswati Saha Soma Biswas Madhuri Saxena Anil Kumar J. J. Shobha Devendra Jhajharia (Para Athlete) Manjit Kaur K. M. Binu Chitra K. Soman Sinimol Paulose Joseph Abraham (Athletics) Krishna Punia Jagseer Singh (Para Athlete) Preeja Sreedharan Sudha Singh Kavita Ramdas Raut Deepa Mallick (Para Athlete) Ramkaran Singh (Para Athlete)
Arjun Awardees in Badminton
Prakash Padukone
Syed Modi
Chetan Anand
Jwala Gutta
Parupalli Kashyap S.No. Year Name 1 1961 Nandu Natekar 2 1962 Meena Shah 3 1965 Dinesh Khanna 4 1967 Suresh Goel 5 1969 Dipu Ghosh 6 1970 Damayanti Tambay 7 1971 Shobha Moorthy 8 1972 Prakash Padukone 9 1974 Raman Ghosh 10 1975 Davinder Ahuja 11 1976 Ami Ghia
S.No. Year Name 12 1977-78 Kanwal Thakur Singh 13 1980-81 Syed Modi 14 1982 Partho Ganguli 15 1982 Madhumita Bisht 16 1991 Rajeev Bagga 17 2000 Pullela Gopichand 18 1999 George Thomas 19 2002 Ramesh Tikaram (Physically Challenged) 20 2003 Madasu Srinivas Rao (Physically Challenged) 21 2004 Abhinn Shyam Gupta 22 2005 Aparna Popat 23 2006 Chetan Anand 24 2006 Rohit Bhakar (Physically Challenged) 25 2008 Anup Sridhar 26 2009 Saina Nehwal 27 2011 Jwala Gutta 28 2012 Ashwini Ponnappa 29 2012 Parupalli Kashyap
Arjun Awardees in Ball Badminton

S.No. Year Name 1 1970 J. Pitchyya 2 1972 Ms. J. Srinivasan 3 1973 A. Kareem 4 1975 L.A. Iqbal 5 1976 A. Sam Christ Das 6 1984 D. Rajaraman
Arjun Awardees in Basketball

S.No. Year 1 1961 2 1967 3 1968 4 1969 5 1970 Name Sarbjit Singh Khushi Ram Gurdial Singh Hav. Hari Dutt Gulam Abbas Moontasir
S.No. Year Name 6 1971 Man Mohan Singh 7 1973 S. K. Kataria 8 1974 A.K. Punj 9 1975 Hanuman Singh 10 1977-78 T. Vijayaragavan 11 1979-80 Om Prakash 12 1982 Ajmer Singh 13 1991 Radhey Shyam 14 1991 Ms. S Sharma 15 1999 Sajjan Singh Cheema 16 2001 Parminder Singh 17 2003 Satya (Sports)
Arjun Awardees in Billiards & Snooker

File:Pankaj Advani.jpg Pankaj Advani S.No. Year Name 1 1973 Michael Ferreira 2 1983 Subhash Agarwal 3 1986 Geet Sethi 4 2002 Alok Kumar 5 2003 Pankaj Advani 6 2005 Anuja Prakash Thakur 7 2012 Aditya S. Mehta
Arjun Awardees in Boxing
Vijender Kumar S.No. Year Name 1 1961 L. Buddy D' Souza 2 1962 Hav. P. Badadur Mal 3 1966 Hawa Singh 4 1968 Hav. Dennis Swamy 5 1971 Hav. Muniswamy Venu 6 1972 Hav. Chandranarayanan 7 1973 Hav. Mehatab Singh 8 1977-78 B.S. Thapa 9 1978-79 C.C. Machaiah 10 1979-80 B. Singh 11 1980-81 Issac Amaldas 12 1981 Hav. G. Manoharan 13 1982 Hav. Kaur Singh 14 1983 Jas Lal Pradhan 15 1986 Jai Pal Singh 16 1987 Seeva Jayaram 17 1989 Gopal Dewang 18 1991 D.S. Yadav 19 1992 Rajender Prasad 20 1993 Manoj Pingale 21 1993 Mukund Killekar 22 1995 V. Devarajan 23 1996 Raj Kumar Sangwan 24 1998 N.G. Dingko Singh 25 1999 Gurcharan Singh
S.No. Year 26 1999 27 2002 28 2003 29 2005 30 2006 31 2008 32 2009 33 2010 34 2011 35 2012
Name Jitender Kumar Mohammed Ali Qamar Ms. Mangte Chungneijang Marykom Akhil Kumar Vijender Kumar Verghese Johnson L. Sarita Devi Dinesh Kumar Suranjoy Singh Vikas Krishan
Arjun Awardees in Carrom

S.No. Year Name 1. 1996 A. Maria Irudayam
Arjun Awardees in Chess
Viswanathan Anand
Harika Dronavalli S.No. Year Name 1 1961 Manuel Aaron 2 1980-81 Rohini Khadilkar 3 1983 Dibyendu Barua 4 1984 Pravin Thipsay 5 1985 Viswanathan Anand 6 1987 D. V. Prasad 7 1987 Bhagyashree Thipsay 8 1990 Anupama Gokhale 9 2000 Subbaraman Vijayalakshmi 10 2002 Krishnan Sasikiran 11 2003 Koneru Humpy 12 2005 Surya Shekhar Ganguly 13 2006 Pentyala Harikrishna 14 2008 Dronavalli Harika 15 2009 Tania Sachdev 16 2010 Parimarjan Negi
Arjun Awardees in Cricket
Sachin Tendulkar
Sourav Ganguly
Rahul Dravid S.No. Year Name 1 1961 Saleem Durani 2 1964 Mansur Ali Khan Pataudi 3 1965 Vijay Manjrekar
S.No. Year Name 4 1966 Chandu Borde 5 1967 Ajit Wadekar 6 1968 E.A.S. Prasanna 7 1969 Bishan Singh Bedi 8 1970 Dilip Sardesai 9 1971 Srinivasaraghavan Venkataraghavan 10 1972 Eknath Solkar 11 1972 B.S. Chandrashekhar 12 1975 Sunil Gavaskar 13 1976 Shanta Rangaswamy 14 1977-78 Gundappa Vishwanath 15 1979-80 Kapil Dev Nikhanj 16 1980-81 Chetan Chauhan 17 1980-81 Syed Kirmani 18 1981 Dilip Vengsarkar 19 1982 Mohinder Amarnath 20 1983 Diana Edulji 21 1984 Ravi Shastri 22 1985 Shubhangi Kulkarni 23 1986 Mohammad Azharuddin 24 1986 Sandhya Agarwal 25 1989 Madan Lal 26 1993 Manoj Prabhakar 27 1993 Kiran More 28 1994 Sachin Tendulkar 29 1995 Anil Kumble 30 1996 Javagal Srinath 31 1997 Ajay Jadeja 32 1997 Sourav Ganguly 33 1998 Rahul Dravid 34 1998 Nayan Mongia 35 2000 B.K. Venkatesh Prasad 36 2001 VVS Laxman[4] 37 2002 Virender Sehwag 38 2003 Harbhajan Singh 39 2003 Mithali Raj 40 2005 Anju Jain
S.No. Year 41 2006 42 2009 43 2010 44 2011 45 2012 46 2013
Name Anjum Chopra Gautam Gambhir Jhulan Goswami Zaheer Khan Yuvraj Singh Virat Kohli
Arjun Awardees in Cycling

S.No. Year Name 1 1975 Amar Singh 2 1978-79 Ms. M. Mahapatra 3 1983 A.R. Arthna
Arjun Awardees in Equestrian

S.No. Year Name 1 1973 Dafadar Khan M. Khan 2 1976 Lt. Col. H.S. Sodhi 3 1982 Maj. R. Singh Brar 4 1982 Raghubir Singh (Equestrian) 5 1984 Capt. G. Mohd. Khan 6 1987 Maj. J.S. Ahluwalia 7 1991 Capt. Adhiraj Singh 8 2003 Capt. Rajesh Pattu 9 2004 Maj. Deep Kumar Ahlawat
Arjun Awardees in Football

S.No. Year 1 1961 2 1962 3 1963 4 1964 5 1965 6 1966 7 1967 Name P. K. Banerjee Tulsidas Balaram Chuni Goswami Jarnail Singh Arun Lal Ghosh Yusuf Khan Peter Thangaraj
S.No. Year Name 8 1969 Inder Singh 9 1970 Syed Naeemuddin 10 1971 C. P. Singh 11 1973 Magan Singh 12 1978-79 Gurdev Singh Gill 13 1979-80 Prasun Banerjee 14 1980-81 Mohammed Habib 15 1981 Sudhir Karmakar 16 1983 Shanti Mullick 17 1989 S. Bhattacharjee 18 1997 Brahmanand Sankhwalkar 19 1998 Baichung Bhutia 20 2002 Bruno Coutinho 21 2003 I. M. Vijayan 22 2010 Deepak Kumar Mondal 23 2011 Sunil Chettri
Arjun Awardees in Golf
Jeev Milkha Singh S.No. Year Name 1 1961 P. G. Sethi 2 1991 Ali Sher 3 1999 Chiranjeev Milkha Singh (Jeev Milkha Singh)
S.No. Year Name 4 2002 Shiv Kapur 5 2004 Jyotinder Singh Randhawa (Jyoti Randhawa) 6 2007 Arjun Atwal
Arjun Awardees in Gymnastics

S.No. Year Name 1 1961 Shyam Lal 2 1975 Montu Debnath 3 1985 Ms. S. Sharma 4 1989 Ms. Krupali Patel 5 2000 Dr. (Ms.) Kalpna Debnath 6 2011 Ashish Kumar
Arjun Awardees in Hockey
Jagbir Singh receiving the Arjuna Award 1990 from President Venkataraman. S.No. Year Name 1 1961 Prithipal Singh 2 1961 Ann Lumsden 3 1963 Charanjit Singh 4 1964 S. Laxman 5 1965 Udham Singh 6 1965 E. Britto 7 1966 V. J. Peter 8 1966 Sunita Puri 9 1966 Gurbaksh Singh 10 1967 Harbinder Singh 11 1967 Mohinder Lal 12 1968 Balbir Singh Kular
S.No. Year Name 13 1970 Ajit Pal Singh 14 1971 P. Krishnamurthy 15 1972 Michael Kindo 16 1973 M. P. Ganesh 17 1973 O. Mascarenhas 18 1974 Ashok Kumar 19 1974 A. Kaur 20 1975 B. P. Govinda 21 1975 R. Saini 22 1977-78 Capt. Harcharan Singh 23 1977-78 L. L. Fernandes 24 1979-80 Vasudevan Baskaran 25 1979-80 R. B. Mundphan 26 1980-81 Mohammed Shahid 27 1980-81 Eliza Nelson 28 1981 Versha Soni 29 1983 Zafar Iqbal 30 1984 Rajbir Kaur 31 1984 S. Maney 32 1985 Prem Maya Sonir 33 1985 M. M. Somaya 34 1986 J.M. Carvalho 35 1988 M. P. Singh 36 1989 Pargat Singh 37 1990 Jagbir Singh 38 1992 Mervyn Fernandes 39 1994 Jude Felix Sabastain 40 1995 Dhanraj Pillai 41 1995 Mukesh Kumar 42 1996 A. B. Subbaiah 43 1996 Ashish Kumar Ballal 44 1997 Harmik Singh 45 1997 Surinder Singh Sodhi 46 1997 Rajinder Singh 47 1998 S. Surjit Singh 48 1998 Pritam Rani Siwach 49 1998 B. S. Dhillon
S.No. Year 50 1998 51 1998 52 1998 53 1998 54 1999 55 1998 56 1998 57 1998 58 2000 59 2000 60 2000 61 2000 62 2000 63 2000 64 2002 65 2002 66 2002 67 2003 68 2003 69 2004 70 2004 71 2005 72 2006 73 2008 74 2009 75 2009 76 2010 77 2011 78 2012
Name S. Omana Kumari Mohammed Riaz Baldev Singh Maharaj Krishna Kaushik Balbir Singh Kullar Lt. Col. Haripal Kaushik Ramandeep Singh V. J. Phillips Baljeet Singh Saini Tingonleima Chanu Gp. Capt. R. S. Bhola Balkishan Singh Jalaluddin Rizvi Madhu Yadav Dilip Tirkey Gagan Ajit Singh Mamta Kharab Devesh Chauhan Suraj Lata Devi Deepak Thakur Innocent Helen Mary Viren Rasquinha Jyoti Sunita Kullu Prabhjot Singh Surinder Kaur Ignace Tirkey Jasjeet Kaur Handa Rajpal Singh Sardar Singh
Arjun Awardees in Judo

S.No. Year Name 1 1992 Sandeep Byala 2 1993 Cawas Billimoria 3 1996 Ms. Poonam Chopra 4 1998 Narender Singh
S.No. Year Name 5 2003 Akram Shah 6 2004 Ms. Angom Anita Chanu 7 2007 Ms. Tombi Devi 8 2012 Yashpal Solanki
Arjun Awardees in Kabaddi

S.No. Year Name 1 1998 Ashan Kumar 2 1998 Biswajit Palit 3 1999 Balwinder Singh 4 1999 Tirath Raj 5 2000 C. Honappa 6 2002 Ram Mehar Singh 7 2003 Sanjeev Kumar 8 2004 Sunder Singh 9 2005 B C Ramesh 10 2006 Naveen Gautam 11 2008 Pankaj Navnath Shrisat 12 2010 Dinesh 13 2011 Tejaswini bai 14 2011 Rakesh kumar 15 2012 Anup Kumar
Arjun Awardees in Lawn Tennis
Sania Mirza
Leander Paes S.No. Year Name 1 1961 Ramanathan Krishnan 2 1962 Naresh Kumar 3 1966 Jaidip Mukerjea 4 1967 Premjit Lall 5 1974 Vijay Amritraj 6 1978-79 Nirupama Mankad 7 1980-81 Ramesh Krishnan 8 1985 Anand Amritraj 9 1990 Leander Paes 10 1995 Mahesh Bhupathi 11 1996 Gaurav Natekar 12 1997 Asif Ismail 13 2000 Akhtar Ali
S.No. Year Name 14 2004 Sania Mirza 15 2011 Somdev Devvarman
Arjun Awardees in Power Lifting

S.No. Year Name 1 1978-79 Subrata Dutta 2 1984 P. J. Joseph 3 1988 P. K. Yeshodhara 4 1992 E. S. Bhaskaran 5 2000 Vijay Bhalchandra Munishwar (PH) 6 2005 Rajinder Singh Rahelu (PH) 7 2007 Farman Basha (PH)
Arjun Awardees in Rowing

S.No. Year Name 1 1981 Maj. Parveen Oberoy 2 1984 Capt. M.A. Naik 3 1991 Naib Subedar Dalvir Singh 4 1994 Major R.S. Bhanwala 5 1996 Surender Singh Waldia 6 1999 Jagjit Singh 7 2000 Surender Singh Kanwasi 8 2004 Jenil Krishnan 9 2008 Bajrang lal Thakkar 10 2009 Satish Joshi
Arjun Awardees in Polo

S.No. Year Name 1 2012 Samir Suhag
Arjun Awardees in Shooting

S.No. Year Name 1 1961 Karni Singh
S.No. Year Name 2 1968 Rajyashree Kumari 3 1969 Bhuvaneshwari Kumari 4 1971 Bhim Singh 5 1972 Udyan Chinubhai 6 1978-79 Randhir Singh 7 1981 S. P. Chauhan 8 1983 Mohinder Lal 9 1983 Soma Dutta 10 1985 A. J. Pandit 11 1986 Bhagirath Samai 12 1993 Mansher Singh 13 1994 Jaspal Rana 14 1996 Moraad A. Khan 15 1997 Satendra Kumar 16 1997 Shilpi Singh 17 1997 Naresh Kumar Sharma (PH) 18 1998 Manavjit Singh 19 1998 Roopa Unnikrishnan 20 1999 Vivek Singh 21 2000 Anjali Vedpathak Bhagwat 22 2000 Abhinav Bindra 23 2000 Gurbir Singh 24 2002 Anwer Sultan 25 2002 Suma Shirur Rajyavardhan Singh 26 2003 Rathore 27 2004 Deepali A. Deshpande 28 2005 Gagan Narang 29 2006 Vijay Kumar 30 2008 Avneet Kaur Sidhu 31 2009 Ronjan Sodhi 32 2010 Sanjeev Rajput 33 2011 Tejaswini Sawant 34 2012 Annu Raj Singh 35 2012 Omkar Singh 36 2012 Joydeep Karmakar 37 2013 Ronjan Sodhi
Arjun Awardees in Squash

S.No. Year Name 1 2006 Sourav Ghosal 2 2012 Deepika Pallikal
Arjun Awardees in Swimming

S.No. Year Name 1 1961 Jam. Bajarangi Prasad 2 1966 Rima Datta 3 1967 Arun Shaw 4 1969 Baidyanath Nath 5 1971 Bhanwar Singh 6 1973 D. (Tingoo) Khatau 7 1974 A.B. Sarang 8 1974 Manjari Bhargava (diving) 9 1975 M.S. Rana 10 1975 Smita Desai 11 1982 Persis Madan 12 1983 Anita Sood 13 1984 Khajan Singh 14 1988 Wilson Cherian 15 1990 Bula Choudhury 16 1996 V. Kutraleeshwaran 17 1998 Bhanu Sachdeva 18 1999 Nisha Millet 19 2000 Sebastian Xavier 20 2000 J. Abhijith 21 2005 Shikha Tandon 22 2010 Rehan Poncha 23 2011 Virdhawal Khade 24 2012 Sandeep Sejwal
Arjun Awardees in Table Tennis

S.No. Year Name 1 1961 J.C. Vohra
S.No. Year Name 2 1965 G. R. Deewan 3 1966 U. Sundararaj 4 1967 F. R. Khodaiji 5 1969 Mir Kasim Ali 6 1970 G. Jagannath 7 1971 K. F. Khodaiji 8 1973 N. R. Bajaj 9 1976 S. Shailja 10 1979-80 Indu Puri 11 1980-81 Manjit Dua 12 1982 V. Chandrasekhar 13 1985 Kamlesh Mehta 14 1987 Monalisa Barua 15 1989 Niyati Shah 16 1990 M. S. Walia 17 1997 Chetan Baboor 18 1998 Subramaniam Raman 19 2002 Mantu Ghosh 20 2004 Achanta Sharath Kamal 21 2005 Soumyadeep Roy 22 2006 Subhajit Saha 23 2009 Poulomi Ghatak
Arjun Awardees in Volleyball

S.No. Year Name 1 1961 A. Palanisamy 2 1962 Nripjit Singh 3 1972 Balwant Singh "Ballu" 4 1973 G.M. Reddy 5 1974 M.S. Rao 6 1975 Sub. Insp. R. Singh 7 1975 K.C. Elamma 8 1976 Jimmy George 9 1977-78 A. Ramana Rao 10 1978-79 Kutty Krishnan 11 1979-80 S.K. Mishra
S.No. Year 12 1982 13 1983 14 1984 15 1986 16 1989 17 1990 18 1991 19 1999 20 2000 21 2001 22 2002 23 2010 24 2011
Name G.E. Sridharan R.K. Purohit Saley Joseph Cyril C. Valloor Abdul Basith Dalel Singh Ror K. Udaya Kumar Sukhpal Singh P.V. Ramana Amir Singh Ravikant Reddy K. J. Kapil Dev Sanjay kumar
Arjun Awardees in Weightlifting

S.No. Year Name 1 1961 A.N. Ghosh 2 1962 L.K. Dass 3 1963 K.E. Rao 4 1965 B.S. Bhatia 5 1966 Mohan Lal Ghosh 6 1967 S. John Gabriel 7 1970 Arun Kumar Dass 8 1971 S.L. Salwan 9 1972 Anil Kumar Mandal 10 1974 S. Vellaiswamy 11 1975 Dalbir Singh 12 1976 K. Balamuruganandam 13 1977-78 M.T. Selvan 14 1978-79 E. Karaunakaran 15 1981 B.K. Satpathy 16 1982 Tara Singh 17 1983 Vispy K. Daroga 18 1985 Mehar Chand Bhaskar 19 1986 Jag Mohan Sapra 20 1987 G. Devan
S.No. Year 21 1989 22 1990 23 1990 24 1991 25 1993 26 1994 27 1997 28 1997 29 1998 30 1999 31 2000 32 2002 33 2006 34 2011 35 2012
Name Jyotsna Dutta R. Chandra N. Kunjarani Chhaya Adak Bharati Singh K. Malleswari Paramjit Sharma N. Laxmi Satheesha Rai Dalbir deol Sanamacha Chanu Thingbaijan Thandava Murthy Muthu Geeta Rani Katulu Ravi Kumar[5] Ngangbam Soniya Chanu
Arjun Awardees in Wrestling

S.No. Year Name 1 1961 Hav. Udey Chand 2 1962 Malwa 3 1963 G. Andalkar 4 1964 Bishamber Singh 5 1966 Bhim Singh 6 1967 Mukhtiar Singh 7 1969 Master Chandgi Ram (Indian style wrestling) 8 1970 Sudesh Kumar 9 1972 Prem Nath 10 1973 Jagroop Singh 11 1974 Satpal 12 1978-79 Rajinder Singh 13 1980-81 Jagminder Singh 14 1982 Kartar Singh 15 1985 Mahabir Singh 16 1987 Subhash[disambiguation needed] 17 1988 Rajesh Kumar 18 1989 Satywan
S.No. Year 19 1990 20 1992 21 1993 22 1997 23 1997 24 1998 25 1998 26 1999 27 2000 28 2000 29 2000 30 2000 31 2002 32 2002 33 2003 34 2004 35 2005 36 2006 37 2008 38 2009 39 2010 40 2011 41 2012 42 2012 43 2012
Name Ombir Singh Pappu Yadav Ashok Kumar Jagdish Singh Sanjay Kumar Kaka Pawar Rohtas Singh Dahiya Ashok Kumar Randhir Singh Kripa Shakar Patel K.D. Jadhav (Posthumously) Naresh Kumar Palwinder Singh Cheema Sujeet Mann Shokhinder Tomar Anuj Kumar Sushil Kumar Geetika Jakhar Alka Tomar Yogeshwar Dutt Rajiv Tomar Ravinder singh Narsingh Yadav Rajinder Kumar Geeta Phogat
Arjun Awardees in Wushu

S.No, Year Name 1 2012 M. Bimoljit Singh
Arjun Awardees in Yachting

S.No, Year Name 1 1970 Lt. Cdr. S. J. Contractor 2 1973 Afsar Hussain 3 1978-79 Cdr. S. K. Mongia
S.No, Year 4 1981 5 1982 6 1982 7 1982 8 1986 9 1987 10 1990 11 1993 12 1996 13 1999 14 2002 15 2009
Name Zarir Karanjia Farokh Tarapore Fali Unwalla Jeeja Unwalla Lt. Dhruv Bhandari C. S. Pradipak P. K. Garg Cdr. Homi Motiwala Lt. Cdr. Kelly Subbanand Rao (Posthumously) Aashim Mongia Nitin Mongia Girdhari Lal Yadav
References
1. ^ Arjuna Awards page from the website of India's Minister of Youth & Sports; retrieved 2011-08-23. 2. ^ Gagan Narang confirmed for Khel Ratna award, published by the Press Trust of India on 2011-08-18. Retrieved 2011-08-23. 3. ^ President Gives Away Sports and Adventure Awards, published by the Press Information Bureau of the Government of India on 2011-08-29, retrieved 2011-08-29. 4. ^ "Laxman, Tirkey, Sita get Arjuna Awards". The Hindu. 22 August 2002. Retrieved 31 January 2010. 5. ^ Pti (2011-08-30). "Arjuna award moral booster for K Ravi Kumar". News.oneindia.in. Retrieved 2012-06-12.
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Jnanpith Award
Jnanpith Award
Category Description Instituted First awarded Last awarded Total awarded Awarded by First awardee(s) Last awardee(s) Award Information Literature (Individual) Literary award in India 1961 1965 2012 53 Bharatiya Jnanpith G. Sankara Kurup Ravuri Bharadhwaja
The Jnanpith Award is a literary award in India. Along with the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship,[1] it is one of the two most prestigious literary honours in the country.[2] The award was instituted in 1961. Any Indian citizen who writes in any of the official languages of India is eligible for the honour. It is presented by the Bharatiya Jnanpith, a trust founded by the Sahu Jain family, the publishers of the The Times of India newspaper.
Contents

1 The Award 2 Jnanpith Award recipients 3 References 4 External links
The Award
The name of the award is taken from Sanskrit words jnna and pha (knowledge-seat). It carries a cheque for 11 lakh, a citation plaque and a bronze replica of Saraswati, the Indian goddess of knowledge, music, and the arts.[3] Prior to 1982, the awards were given for a single work by a writer; since then, the award has been given for a lifetime contribution to Indian literature. Kannada and Hindi are the most award winners with 8 awards for Kannada as well for Hindi. But Nine individuals [Including the 2009 award which is being shared by two Hindi writers] writing in Hindi have been honoured with the award. Eight in Kannada, five in Bengali and Malayalam, four in Oriya and Urdu and three each in Gujarati, Marathi and Telugu and two in Assamese and Tamil.
Starting with the Bengali writer Ashapoorna Devi in 1976, seven women writers have won the award so far. The other recipients include Amrita Pritam (1981, Punjabi), Mahadevi Varma (1982, Hindi), Qurratulain Hyder (1989, Urdu), Mahasweta Devi (1996, Bengali), Indira Goswami (2000, Assamese) and Pratibha ray (2011, Oriya). The award announcements have lately been lagging behind the award-years. The awards for the years 2005 and 2006 were announced on 22 November 2008, and were awarded to the Hindi writer Kunwar Narayan for 2005 and jointly to Konkani writer Ravindra Kelekar and Sanskrit scholar Satya Vrat Shastri for 2006.[4] Satya Vrat Shastri is the first Sanskrit poet to be conferred the award since its inception.[5] The awards for the 45th and 46th Jnanpith for the years 2009 and 2010 respectively, were announced on 20 September 2011.[6] The 45th award was jointly conferred on Hindi littrateurs Amar Kant and Sri Lal Sukla, and the 46th on the Kannada littrateur Chandrashekhara Kambara.[6] The 48th Jnanpith award for the year 2012 was announced on 17 April 2013 and was conferred to Telugu novelist, short-story writer and poet Ravuri Bharadhwaja for his work Paakudu Raallu.
Jnanpith Award recipients

Year Name Works Language Image
1965 G. Sankara Kurup
Odakkuzhal (Flute)
Malayalam
Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay Kuppali Venkatappagowda 1967 Puttappa (Kuvempu) Umashankar Joshi 1968 Sumitranandan Pant 1969 Firaq Gorakhpuri 1966 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974
Ganadevta Sri Ramayana Darshanam
Bengali Kannada Gujarati Hindi Urdu Telugu Bengali Hindi Kannada Oriya Marathi
Nishitha Chidambara Gul-e-Naghma Ramayana Kalpavrukshamu (A Viswanatha Satyanarayana resourceful tree:Ramayana) Bishnu Dey Smriti Satta Bhavishyat Ramdhari Singh Dinkar Urvashi Dattatreya Ramachandra Nakutanti (Four Strings) Bendre Gopinath Mohanty Matimatal Vishnu Sakharam Yayati Khandekar
Year
Name
Works Chitttrappavai
Language Tamil
Image
1975 P. V. Akilan 1976 Ashapurna Devi 1977 K. Shivaram Karanth 1978 1979 Sachchidananda Vatsyayan Birendra Kumar Bhattacharya
Pratham Pratisruti Bengali Mookajjiya Kanasugalu Kannada (Mookajjis dreams) Kitni Navon Men Kitni Bar (How many times in how many Hindi boats?) Mrityunjay (Immortal) Assamese
1980 S. K. Pottekkatt
Oru Desathinte Katha (Story of Malayalam a Land)
1981 Amrita Pritam
Kagaj te Canvas
Punjabi
1982 Mahadevi Varma
Yama
Hindi
Chikkaveera Rajendra (Life and 1983 Masti Venkatesha Iyengar struggle of Kodava King Kannada Chikkaveera Rajendra) Thakazhi Sivasankara Pillai
1984
Kayar (Coir)
Malayalam
1985 Pannalal Patel Maanavi Ni Bhavaai Gujarati 1986 Sachidananda Routray Oriya Vishnu Vaman Shirwadkar For his contributions to Marathi 1987 Marathi (Kusumagraj) literature
Year
Name
Works
Language
Image
1988 C. Narayana Reddy
Viswambhara
Telugu
1989 Qurratulain Hyder
Akhire Shab Ke Humsafar
Urdu
V. K. Gokak (Vinayaka Krishna Gokak) 1991 Subhas Mukhopadhyay 1992 Naresh Mehta 1990 1993 Sitakant Mahapatra
Bharatha Sindhu Rashmi Padatik (The Foot Soldier)
Kannada Bengali Hindi
For outstanding contribution to the enrichment of Indian Oriya literature, 197392 For his contributions to Kannada literature Kannada
1994 U. R. Ananthamurthy
1995 M. T. Vasudevan Nair
For his contributions to Malayalam literature
Malayalam
1996 Mahasweta Devi 1997 Ali Sardar Jafri
Hajar Churashir Maa
Bengali Urdu
1998 Girish Karnad[2]
For his contributions to Kannada literature and for contributions to Kannada theatre (Yayati)
Kannada
1999 Nirmal Verma
Hindi
Year
Name Gurdial Singh 2000 Indira Goswami 2001 Rajendra Shah 2002 D. Jayakanthan 2003 Vinda Karandikar 2004 Rehman Rahi[7] 2005 Kunwar Narayan[4] Ravindra Kelekar[4] 2006 Satya Vrat Shastri[5][8]
Works
Language Punjabi Assamese Gujarati Tamil
Image
For his contributions to Marathi Marathi literature Subhuk Soda, Kalami Rahi and Kashmiri Siyah Rode Jaren Manz Hindi Konkani Sanskrit
2007 O. N. V. Kurup[9]
For his contributions to Malayalam literature
Malayalam
Akhlaq Mohammed Khan 'Shahryar'[9] Amar Kant[6] 2009 Sri Lal Sukla[6] Chandrashekhara For his contributions to 2010 [6] Kambara Kannada literature 2008
Urdu Hindi Hindi Kannada
2011 Pratibha Ray[10]
Oriya
2012 Ravuri Bharadhwaja[11]
Pakudu Rallu (Crawling Stones) Telugu
References
1. ^ Report from The Hindu, January 2007. Noted writer Manoj Das (in January 2007) "received the country's highest literary honour Sahitya Akademi Fellowship." 2. ^ a b Parvathi Menon (1999). "The multi-faceted playwright". Frontline 16 (3). 3. ^ "Jnanpith award for Jayakanthan". The Times of India. 20 March 2005. Retrieved 12 November 2007. 4. ^ a b c "Kunwar Narayan to be awarded Jnanpith". The Times of India. 24 Nov 2008. Retrieved 25 November 2008. 5. ^ a b "Jnanpith Award presented". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 20 August 2009. Retrieved 20 August 2009.
6. ^ a b c d e "Amar Kant, Shrilal Shukla, Kambar win Jnanpith Award", The Hindu, 20 September 2011. 7. ^ Ravindra, Kalia (March 9, 2007). "40th Jnanpith Award to Eminent Kashmiri Poet Shri Rahman Rahi" (pdf) (Press release). Bharatiya Jnanpith. Archived from the original on 2009-04-07. Retrieved 2013-05-06. 8. ^ Ravindra, Kalia (November 22, 2008). "41st Jnanpith Award to Eminent Hindi Poet Shri Kunwar Narayan and 42nd Jnanpith Award jointly to Eminent Konkani Poet and Author Shri Ravindra Kelekar and Sanskrit Poet and Scholar Shri Satya Vrat Shastri" (pdf) (Press release). Bharatiya Jnanpith. Archived from the original on 2010-02-15. Retrieved 2013-05-06. 9. ^ a b "Malayalam, Urdu writers claim Jnanpith awards". The Hindu (Chennai, India). 25 September 2010. Retrieved 25 September 2010. 10. ^ "Oriya novelist and academician Pratibha Ray wins 2011 Jnanpith Award". ibnlive.in.com. 2012. Retrieved 28 December 2012. "it was decided that Ray, 69, will be the winner of the 2011 Janapith Award." 11. ^ "Ravuri Bharadwaja Gets Gyanpeeth Award". Retrieved April 17, 2013.
Jnanpith, Bhartiya (1994). The text and the context: an encounter with Jnanpith laureates. Bhartiya Jnanpith.
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Wikimedia Commons has media related to: Jnanpith Award

Jnanpith Laureates Official listings Jnanpith Website Official Jnanpith Website List of winners List of award winners in hindi List of Jnanpith Award Winners [show]

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Awards established in 1961 Events of The Times Group Indian literary awards Indian literature Recipients of the Jnanpith Award
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Dadasaheb Phalke Award


Category Description Instituted First awarded Last awarded Total awarded Awarded by Cash award Medal First awardee(s) Recent awardee(s) Award Information Indian Cinema Lifetime Achievement award 1969 1969 2012 44 Govt. of India 1,000,000 Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus) Devika Rani Pran
The Dadasaheb Phalke Award is India's highest award in cinema given annually by the Government of India for lifetime contribution to Indian cinema. The Award is given to a prominent personality from the Indian film industry, noted and respected for significant contributions to Indian cinema. A committee consisting eminent personalities from the Indian film industry is appointed to evaluate the award. Introduced in 1969, the birth centenary year of Dadasaheb Phalke, considered as the father of Indian cinema,[1] award is given to recognise the contribution of film personalities towards the development of Indian Cinema and for distinguished contribution to the medium, its growth and promotion. The award for a particular year is given during the end of the following year along with the National Film Awards. The award comprises a Swarna Kamal (Golden Lotus) medallion, a cash prize of 1 million and a shawl.[2] The amount of the cash prize has varied over the years, as illustrated by the following table: Year 1969 1972 1973 1976 1977 1983 1982 2002 Cash Prize A plaque, a shawl and 11,000 A Gold medal, a shawl and 20,000 A Gold medal, a shawl and 40,000 Swarna Kamal, 100,000 and a Shawl
Year 2003 2005 2006
Cash Prize Swarna Kamal, 200,000 and a Shawl Swarna Kamal, 1,000,000 and a Shawl
Contents

1 Recipients 2 See also 3 References 4 External links
Recipients
Year List of award recipients, showing the year and profession(s) Image Recipient Awarded as
1969
Devika Rani Chaudhuri Roerich[3]
Actress
1970
B. N. Sircar[4]
Producer
1971
Prithviraj Kapoor[5]
Actor
(Awarded posthumously)
1972
Pankaj Mullick[6]
Music Director
Year
List of award recipients, showing the year and profession(s) Image Recipient Awarded as
1973
Ruby Myers (Sulochana)[7]
Actress
1974
Bommireddy Narasimha Reddy[8] Dhirendranath Ganguly[9]
Director
1975
Actor, Director
1976
Kanan Devi[5]
Actress
1977
Nitin Bose[10]
Cinematographer, Director, Screenwriter
1978
Raichand Boral[11]
Music Director, Director
1979 1980 1981 1982 1983
Sohrab Modi[5] Paidi Jairaj[12] Naushad Ali[13] L. V. Prasad[14] Durga Khote[15]
Actor, Director, Producer Actor, Director Music Director Actor, Director, Producer Actress
Year
1984
Satyajit Ray[16]
Director
1985 1986 1987 1988
V. Shantaram[17] Bommireddy Nagi Reddy[18] Raj Kapoor[19] Ashok Kumar[20]
Actor, Director, Producer Producer Actor, Director, Producer Actor
1989
Lata Mangeshkar[21]
Playback singer
1990
Akkineni Nageswara Rao[22]
Actor
1991
Bhalji Pendharkar[23]
Director, Producer, Screenwriter
1992
Bhupen Hazarika[24]
Musician, singer, poet, filmmaker, lyricist
1993
Majrooh Sultanpuri[5]
Lyricist
1994
Dilip Kumar[5]
Actor
Year
1995
Rajkumar[5]
Actor, Singer
1996
Sivaji Ganesan[25]
Actor
1997
Pradeep[26]
Lyricist
1998
B. R. Chopra[27]
Director, Producer
1999
Hrishikesh Mukherjee[28]
Director
2000
Asha Bhosle[29]
Playback Singer
2001
Yash Chopra[30]
Director, Producer
2002
Dev Anand[31]
Actor, Director, Producer
Year
2003
Mrinal Sen[32]
Director
2004
Adoor Gopalakrishnan[33]
Director
2005 2006
Shyam Benegal[34] Tapan Sinha[35]
Director Director
2007
Manna Dey[36]
Playback singer
2008
V. K. Murthy[37]
Cinematographer
2009
D. Ramanaidu[38]
Producer, Director
2010
K. Balachander[39]
Director
Year 2011
List of award recipients, showing the year and profession(s) Image Recipient Awarded as [40] Actor Soumitra Chatterjee
2012
Pran[41]
Actor
See also
List of film awards
References
1. ^ Vilanilam, J. V. (2005). Mass Communication in India: A Sociological Perspective. New Delhi: Sage Publications. p. 128. ISBN 81-7829-515-6. 2. ^ "Veteran Film Producer Dr. D.Ramanaidu to be Honoured With Dada Saheb Phalke Award for the Year 2009". Press Information Bureau, Government of India. 9 September 2010. 3. ^ "17th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 26 September 2011. 4. ^ "18th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 26 September 2011. 5. ^ a b c d e f "Dadasaheb Phalke Awards". Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 6 May 2012. 6. ^ "20th National Film Awards". International Film Festival of India. Retrieved 26 September 2011. 7. ^ "21st National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 29 September 2011. 8. ^ "22nd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 1 October 2011. 9. ^ "23rd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011. 10. ^ "25th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011. 11. ^ "26th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011. 12. ^ "28th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011. 13. ^ "29th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011. 14. ^ "30th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 4 October 2011.
15. ^ "31st National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 December 2011. 16. ^ "32nd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 6 January 2012. 17. ^ "33rd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 7 January 2012. 18. ^ "34th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 7 January 2012. 19. ^ "35th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 January 2012. 20. ^ "36th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 January 2012. 21. ^ "37th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 29 January 2012. 22. ^ "38th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 January 2012. 23. ^ "39th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 27 February 2012. 24. ^ "40th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 2 March 2012. 25. ^ "44th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 9 January 2012. 26. ^ "45th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 11 March 2012. 27. ^ "46th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 12 March 2012. 28. ^ "47th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 13 March 2012. 29. ^ "48th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 13 March 2012. 30. ^ "49th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 14 March 2012. 31. ^ "50th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 14 March 2012. 32. ^ "51st National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 15 March 2012. 33. ^ "52nd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 28 January 2012. 34. ^ "53rd National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 19 March 2012. 35. ^ "54th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 24 March 2012. 36. ^ "55th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 26 March 2012. 37. ^ "56th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 27 March 2012.
38. ^ "57th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 28 March 2012. 39. ^ "58th National Film Awards" (PDF). Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 29 March 2012. 40. ^ "Soumitra Chatterjee to receive Dadasaheb Phalke Award for 2011 (DFF)". Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 1 April 2012. 41. ^ "Pran to receive Dadasaheb Phalke Award for 2013 (DFF)". Directorate of Film Festivals. Retrieved 12 April 2013.
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Oscar Awards: Complete List of Winners!

Entertainment February 24, 2013 AT 8:50PM By UsWeekly Staff

Ben Affleck as Tony Mendez in "Argo." Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence in "Silver Linings Playbook." Credit: Weinstein; Warner Bros. Pictures.
The 85th annual Academy Awards have finally arrived! The stars of Les Miserables, Silver Linings Playbook, Lincoln and more of this year's top films united at the Hollywood & Highland Center in Hollywood on Sunday, Feb. 24 to find out who will win the coveted Oscar. Will Daniel Day-Lewis win Best Actor for Lincoln? Will Anne Hathaway win the Best Supporting Actress award for Les Miserables? Which film will win the Best Picture award? Check out the complete list of winners below. Us Weekly will be updating who wins throughout the night. Tell Us: Did the right movies and stars win?
PHOTOS: See what the stars wore to the 2013 Oscars Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role **Christoph Waltz, Django Unchained** Phillip Seymour Hoffman, The Master Robert De Niro, Silver Linings Playbook Alan Arkin, Argo Tommy Lee Jones, Lincoln Best Animated Short Film Adam and Dog Fresh Guacamole Head Over Heels Maggie Simpson in "The Longest Daycare" **Paperman** Best Animated Feature Film Frankenweenie The Pirates! Band of Misfits Wreck-It Ralph ParaNorman **Brave** Achievement in Cinematography Anna Karenina, Seamus McGarvey Django Unchained, Robert Richardson **Life of Pi, Claudio Miranda** Lincoln, Janusz Kaminski Skyfall, Roger Deakins Achievement in Visual Effects The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey **Life of Pi** Marvel's The Avengers Prometheus Snow White and the Huntsman Achievement in Costume Design **Anna Karenina, Jacqueline Durran** Les Misrables, Paco Delgado Lincoln, Joanna Johnston Mirror Mirror, Eiko Ishioka Snow White and the Huntsman, Colleen Atwood Achievement in Makeup & Hairstyling Hitchcock
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey **Les Miserables** Best Live-Action Short Film Asad Buzkashi Boys **Curfew** Death of a Shadow Henry Best Documentary Short Subject **Inocente** Kings Point Mondays at Racine Open Heart Redemption Best Documentary Feature 5 Broken Cameras The Gatekeepers How to Survive a Plague The Invisible War **Searching for a Sugar Man** Best Foreign-Language Film **Amour (Austria)** No (Chile) War Witch (Canada) A Royal Affair (Den) Kontiki (Norway) Achievement in Sound Mixing Argo **Les Miserables** Life of Pi Lincoln Skyfall Achievement in Sound Editing Argo Django Unchained Life of Pi **Skyfall** **Zero Dark Thirty**
Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role Sally Field, Lincoln **Anne Hathaway, Les Miserables** Jacki Weaver, Silver Linings Playbook Helen Hunt, The Sessions Amy Adams, The Master Achievement in Film Editing **Argo** Life of Pi Lincoln Silver Linings Playbook Zero Dark Thirty Achievement in Production Direction Anna Karenina The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Les Miserables Life of Pi **Lincoln** Original Score Anna Karenina, Dario Marianelli Argo, Alexandre Desplat **Life of Pi, Mychael Danna** Lincoln, John Williams Skyfall, Thomas Newman Original Song "Before My Time," J. Ralph; Chasing Ice "Pi's Lullaby," Mychael Danna & Bombay Jayashri; Life of Pi "Suddenly," Claude-Michel Schonberg, Herbert Kretzmer and Alain Boulil; Les Miserables "Everybody Needs a Best Friend," Walter Murphy & Seth McFarlane; Ted **"Skyfall," Adele Adkins & Paul Epworth; Skyfall** Adapted Screenplay Beasts of the Southern Wild, Lucy Alibar & Benh Zeitlin **Argo, Chris Terrio** Lincoln, Tony Kushner Silver Linings Playbook, David O. Russell Life of Pi, David Magee Original Screenplay Flight, John Gatins Zero Dark Thirty, Mark Boal **Django Unchained, Quentin Tarantino**
Amour, Michael Haneke? Moonrise Kingdom, Wes Anderson and Roman Coppola Achievement in Directing David O. Russell, Silver Linings Playbook **Ang Lee, Life of Pi** Steven Spielberg, Lincoln Michael Haneke, Amour Benh Zeitlin, Beasts of the Southern Wild Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role Naomi Watts, The Impossible Jessica Chastain, Zero Dark Thirty **Jennifer Lawrence, Silver Linings Playbook** Emmanuelle Riva, Amour Quvenzhan Wallis, Beasts of the Southern Wild Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role **Daniel Day-Lewis, Lincoln** Denzel Washington, Flight Hugh Jackman, Les Miserables Bradley Cooper, Silver Linings Playbook Joaquin Phoenix, The Master Best Motion Picture Beasts of the Southern Wild Silver Linings Playbook Zero Dark Thirty Lincoln Les Miserables Life of Pi Amour Django Unchained **Argo**

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Oscar Awards: Complete List of Winners!

Entertainment February 24, 2013 AT 8:50PM By UsWeekly Staff

Ben Affleck as Tony Mendez in "Argo." Bradley Cooper and Jennifer Lawrence in "Silver Linings Playbook." Credit: Weinstein; Warner Bros. Pictures.
The 85th annual Academy Awards have finally arrived! The stars of Les Miserables, Silver Linings Playbook, Lincoln and more of this year's top films united at the Hollywood & Highland Center in Hollywood on Sunday, Feb. 24 to find out who will win the coveted Oscar. Will Daniel Day-Lewis win Best Actor for Lincoln? Will Anne Hathaway win the Best Supporting Actress award for Les Miserables? Which film will win the Best Picture award? Check out the complete list of winners below. Us Weekly will be updating who wins throughout the night. Tell Us: Did the right movies and stars win?
PHOTOS: See what the stars wore to the 2013 Oscars Performance by an Actor in a Supporting Role **Christoph Waltz, Django Unchained** Phillip Seymour Hoffman, The Master Robert De Niro, Silver Linings Playbook Alan Arkin, Argo Tommy Lee Jones, Lincoln Best Animated Short Film Adam and Dog Fresh Guacamole Head Over Heels Maggie Simpson in "The Longest Daycare" **Paperman** Best Animated Feature Film Frankenweenie The Pirates! Band of Misfits Wreck-It Ralph ParaNorman **Brave** Achievement in Cinematography Anna Karenina, Seamus McGarvey Django Unchained, Robert Richardson **Life of Pi, Claudio Miranda** Lincoln, Janusz Kaminski Skyfall, Roger Deakins Achievement in Visual Effects The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey **Life of Pi** Marvel's The Avengers Prometheus Snow White and the Huntsman Achievement in Costume Design **Anna Karenina, Jacqueline Durran** Les Misrables, Paco Delgado Lincoln, Joanna Johnston Mirror Mirror, Eiko Ishioka Snow White and the Huntsman, Colleen Atwood Achievement in Makeup & Hairstyling Hitchcock
The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey **Les Miserables** Best Live-Action Short Film Asad Buzkashi Boys **Curfew** Death of a Shadow Henry Best Documentary Short Subject **Inocente** Kings Point Mondays at Racine Open Heart Redemption Best Documentary Feature 5 Broken Cameras The Gatekeepers How to Survive a Plague The Invisible War **Searching for a Sugar Man** Best Foreign-Language Film **Amour (Austria)** No (Chile) War Witch (Canada) A Royal Affair (Den) Kontiki (Norway) Achievement in Sound Mixing Argo **Les Miserables** Life of Pi Lincoln Skyfall Achievement in Sound Editing Argo Django Unchained Life of Pi **Skyfall** **Zero Dark Thirty**
Performance by an Actress in a Supporting Role Sally Field, Lincoln **Anne Hathaway, Les Miserables** Jacki Weaver, Silver Linings Playbook Helen Hunt, The Sessions Amy Adams, The Master Achievement in Film Editing **Argo** Life of Pi Lincoln Silver Linings Playbook Zero Dark Thirty Achievement in Production Direction Anna Karenina The Hobbit: An Unexpected Journey Les Miserables Life of Pi **Lincoln** Original Score Anna Karenina, Dario Marianelli Argo, Alexandre Desplat **Life of Pi, Mychael Danna** Lincoln, John Williams Skyfall, Thomas Newman Original Song "Before My Time," J. Ralph; Chasing Ice "Pi's Lullaby," Mychael Danna & Bombay Jayashri; Life of Pi "Suddenly," Claude-Michel Schonberg, Herbert Kretzmer and Alain Boulil; Les Miserables "Everybody Needs a Best Friend," Walter Murphy & Seth McFarlane; Ted **"Skyfall," Adele Adkins & Paul Epworth; Skyfall** Adapted Screenplay Beasts of the Southern Wild, Lucy Alibar & Benh Zeitlin **Argo, Chris Terrio** Lincoln, Tony Kushner Silver Linings Playbook, David O. Russell Life of Pi, David Magee Original Screenplay Flight, John Gatins Zero Dark Thirty, Mark Boal **Django Unchained, Quentin Tarantino**
Amour, Michael Haneke? Moonrise Kingdom, Wes Anderson and Roman Coppola Achievement in Directing David O. Russell, Silver Linings Playbook **Ang Lee, Life of Pi** Steven Spielberg, Lincoln Michael Haneke, Amour Benh Zeitlin, Beasts of the Southern Wild Performance by an Actress in a Leading Role Naomi Watts, The Impossible Jessica Chastain, Zero Dark Thirty **Jennifer Lawrence, Silver Linings Playbook** Emmanuelle Riva, Amour Quvenzhan Wallis, Beasts of the Southern Wild Performance by an Actor in a Leading Role **Daniel Day-Lewis, Lincoln** Denzel Washington, Flight Hugh Jackman, Les Miserables Bradley Cooper, Silver Linings Playbook Joaquin Phoenix, The Master Best Motion Picture Beasts of the Southern Wild Silver Linings Playbook Zero Dark Thirty Lincoln Les Miserables Life of Pi Amour Django Unchained **Argo**

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Jawaharlal Nehru Award

The Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding

Award Information Type Category First awarded Total awarded Awarded by Cash award First awardee(s) Civilian International 1965 36 Government of India 2.5 million U Thant
The Jawaharlal Nehru Award for International Understanding is an international award presented by the Government of India in honour of Jawaharlal Nehru, the country's first prime minister. It was established in 1965 and is administered by the Indian Council for Cultural Relations (ICCR) to people "for their outstanding contribution to the promotion of international understanding, goodwill and friendship among people of the world". The money constituent of this award is 2.5 million rupees.[1]
Recipients
The following people have received this award. No prize was awarded in 1986 and between 1995 to 2003.[2] Year Recipient 1965 U Thant 1966 Martin Luther King, Jr. (posthumous) 1967 Khan Abdul Gaffar Khan 1968 Yehudi Menuhin 1969 Mother Teresa 1970 Kenneth Kaunda 1971 Josip Broz Tito 1972 Andr Malraux 1973 Julius Nyerere 1974 Raul Prebisch 1975 Jonas Salk Country Burma United States Pakistan United States India Zambia Yugoslavia France Tanzania Argentina United States
1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2009
Giuseppe Tucci Tulsi Meherji Shrestha Nichidatsu Fujii Nelson Mandela Barbara Ward Alva Myrdal Gunnar Myrdal Leopold Sedar Senghor Bruno Kreisky Indira Gandhi (posthumous) Olof Palme (posthumous) Javier Prez de Cullar Yasser Arafat Robert Mugabe Helmut Kohl Aruna Asaf Ali Maurice Strong Aung San Suu Kyi Mahathir Mohamad Hosni Mubarak Goh Chok Tong Sultan Qaboos (yet to be presented) Wangari Maathai Luiz Incio Lula da Silva Olafur Ragnar Grimsson Angela Merkel
Italy Nepal Japan South Africa United Kingdom Sweden Senegal Austria India Sweden Peru Palestine Zimbabwe Germany India Canada Myanmar Malaysia Egypt Singapore Oman Kenya Brazil Iceland Germany
References
1. ^ "Nehru Award". Indian Council for Cultural Relations. Retrieved 2 April 2013. 2. ^ "List of the recipients of the Jawaharlal Nehru Award". Indian Council for Cultural Relations. Retrieved 2 April 2013. This award-related article is a stub. You can help Wikipedia by expanding it. Categories:

International awards Indian awards Awards established in 1965 Monuments and memorials to Jawaharlal Nehru
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The Nobel Prize in Physics 2012

Serge Haroche and David J. Wineland

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2012

Robert J. Lefkowitz and Brian K. Kobilka

"for studies of G-protein-coupled receptors"

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Sir John B. Gurdon and Shinya Yamanaka

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2012

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The Prize in Economic Sciences 2012

Alvin E. Roth and Lloyd S. Shapley

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2011

Saul Perlmutter, Brian P. Schmidt and Adam G. Riess

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2011

"for the discovery of quasicrystals"

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2011

Bruce A. Beutler and Jules A. Hoffmann

"for their discoveries concerning the activation of innate immunity"

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2011

The Nobel Peace Prize 2011

Ellen Johnson Sirleaf, Leymah Gbowee and Tawakkol Karman

The Prize in Economic Sciences 2011

Thomas J. Sargent and Christopher A. Sims

"for their empirical research on cause and effect in the macroeconomy"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2010

Andre Geim and Konstantin Novoselov

"for groundbreaking experiments regarding the two-dimensional material graphene"

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2010

Richard F. Heck, Ei-ichi Negishi and Akira Suzuki

"for palladium-catalyzed cross couplings in organic synthesis"

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2010

"for the development of in vitro fertilization"

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2010

Mario Vargas Llosa

The Nobel Peace Prize 2010

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Peter A. Diamond, Dale T. Mortensen and Christopher A. Pissarides

"for their analysis of markets with search frictions"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2009

Charles Kuen Kao

"for the invention of an imaging semiconductor circuit - the CCD sensor"

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009

Venkatraman Ramakrishnan, Thomas A. Steitz and Ada E. Yonath

"for studies of the structure and function of the ribosome"

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2009

Elizabeth H. Blackburn, Carol W. Greider and Jack W. Szostak

The Nobel Prize in Literature 2009

The Nobel Peace Prize 2009

The Prize in Economic Sciences 2009

"for her analysis of economic governance, especially the commons"

The Nobel Prize in Physics 2008

The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2008

Osamu Shimomura, Martin Chalfie and Roger Y. Tsien

The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2008

Harald zur Hausen

"for his discovery of human papilloma viruses causing cervical cancer"

"for their discovery of human immunodeficiency virus"