Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Learning Area

Module 5 : Page 1 Worksheet 1.1

11:

LINES AND PLANES IN 3 DIMENSIONS

Learning Objective 11.1: Understand and use the concept of angle between lines and planes to solve problems. Learning Outcome (ii) Identify horizontal planes, vertical planes and inclined planes. Activity 1: Determine base, horizontal planes, vertical planes and inclined planes. Solid 1 PQRS PQRS PSUT, PQT, USR TURQ Base Horizontal plane Vertical plane Inclined plane

2 D A 3

V C B PQRS PQRS, TUVW UPQV, TSRW, VQRW, UPST ABCD ABCD -

VBC, VDA, VAB VDC

4 PQRS PQRS UQRV, TPSW, TPQU, WSRV TUVW

5 ABCD ABCD VDC VAD VAB, VBC

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Learning Area

Module 5 : Page 2 Worksheet 2.1

11:

LINES AND PLANES IN 3 DIMENSIONS

Learning Objective 11.1: Understand and use the concept of angle between lines and planes to solve problems. Learning Outcome (v) Identify normal to a given plane. (vi) Determine the orthogonal projection of a line on a plane. Activity 1 : Determine right-angled triangles. Triangle 1 Right-angled triangle Not right-angled triangle

2 3

4 5

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Activity 2 : Draw right-angled triangles. Draw horizontal line from A B Draw vertical line from B B

Module 5 : Page 3

Right- angled triangle B

2 B

A B B

A B

3B

A A 4 B B B A B

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS

Module 5 : Page 4

Activity 3 : Identify and name the normal and orthogonal projection of a line PV on the plane PQRS in each of the following objects Solid 1. VS SP Normal Orthogonal Projection

2. VR RP

3. VQ PQ

4. VS SP

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Solid 5. VR Normal

Module 5 : Page 5 Orthogonal Projection

PR

6. VQ PQ

7. VO PO

8. VR PR

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Learning Area 11 :LINES AND PLANES IN 3 DIMENSIONS

Module 5 : Page 6 Worksheet 3.1

Learning Objective 11.1: Understand and use the concept of angle between lines and planes to solve problems. Learning Outcome (viii) Determine the angle between a line and a plane. Activity 1 : Determine the angle between a line and a plane. Solid Normal Orthogonal Projection Right- angled triangle V 1. VQ PQ P Q VPQ Name the angle

Line PV and Plane PQRS 2. WR QR

WQR

Q Line QW and Plane PQRS 3. UP PR U

URP P R

Line UR and Plane PQRS

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Solid 4. TS SP

P S R

Module 5 : Page 7 Orthogonal Projection Right- angled triangle

T

Normal

Name the angle

TPS

Line PT and Plane PQRS 5.

P Q W

WR

PR WPR
P R T

Line PW and Plane PQRS 6.

P U S

UP

PQ
P

UQP
Q

Line UQ and Plane PQRS 7. TJ JK

J K T

TKJ

Line TK and Plane JKLM 8.

R

RL

KL RKL
K L

Line KR and Plane JKLM

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Solid 9. PJ JK

J K

Module 5 : Page 8 Orthogonal Projection Right- angled triangle

P

Normal

Name the angle

PKJ

Line PK and Plane JKLM 10. VM MK

M V

VKM
K

Line KV and Plane JKLM 11. VM ML VLM

M L V

Line VL and Plane JKLM 12.

V

VM

MJ VJM
J M

Line JV and Plane JKLM 13.

T

TP

PR TRP
P R

Line TR and Plane PQRS

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Learning Area 11: LINES AND PLANES IN 3-DIMENSIONS

Module 5 : Page 9 Worksheet 4.1

Learning Objective 11.2: Understand and use the concept of angle between two planes to solve problems. Learning Outcome (i) Identify the line of intersection between the two planes. Activity 1: Grouping in pairs to identify the line of intersection.

1. Identify the line of intersection between the two given planes: E H F D A B (a) Plane ABCD and plane BCHG H A D G C A B Step 1: Identify two letters in common on the plane ABCD and plane ADEF: D A = and Step 2: The line of intersection between the two planes: AD = .. (d) Plane EFGH and plane ABGF E H D G G C Step 1: Identify two letters in common on the plane CDEH and plane EFGH: = E and H Step 2: The line of intersection between the two planes: = EH.. A B Step 1: Identify two letters in common on the plane EFGH and plane ABGF: G F = and Step 2: The line of intersection between the two planes: FG = .. F G H (b) Plane ABCD and plane ADEF E F D C G C

B Step 1: Identify two letters in common on the plane ABCD and plane BCHG: = B and C Step 2: The line of intersection between the two planes: = BC (c) Plane CDEH and plane EFGH E F

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS 2. Identify the line of intersection between the two given planes:

Module 5 : Page 10

(a) Plane ABCD and plane BCFE B C i) Common vertices: and F E i. A B D C BC ii) Line of intersection: .. (b) Plane ABCD and plane ADFE D A i) Common vertices: and AD ii) Line of intersection: .. (c) Plane ADFE and plane ABE E A i) Common vertices: and AE ii) Line of intersection: .. (a) Plane ABC and plane ACD A C i) Common vertices: and A B ii. C AC ii) Line of intersection: .. (b) Plane BCD and plane ABD D B i) Common vertices: and BD ii) Line of intersection: .. D (c) Plane ADC and plane ABD A D i) Common vertices: and AD ii) Line of intersection: .. (a) Plane VAB and plane ABCD B A i) Common vertices: and V AB ii) Line of intersection: .. (b) Plane VBC and plane ABCD B C i) Common vertices: and C O B BC ii) Line of intersection: .. (c) Plane VBD and plane ABCD B D i) Common vertices: and BD ii) Line of intersection: ..

iii. A

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Learning Area 11: LINES AND PLANES IN 3-DIMENSIONS

Module 5 : Page 11 Worksheet 6.1

Learning Objective 11.2: Understand and use the concept of angle between two planes to solve problems. Learning Outcome (ii) Draw a line on each plane which is perpendicular to the line of intersection of the two planes at a point on the line of intersection. Activity 1: Thinking Smart Draw two straight lines, one on each planes stated, which are perpendicular to the line of intersection of the two planes at the point given. (You may work in pairs if necessary) S R P N Q M L (a) The plane PKNS with the plane KLMN at point K. S P N N K L M K L M

K Example: The plane NSRM with the plane KLMN at point M. S R

State: NM i) Line of intersection: .. ii) Line which is perpendicular to the line of intersection at point M: LM RM . and Draw the lines as stated above: S R

State: KN i) Line of intersection: .. ii) Line which is perpendicular to the line of intersection at point K: KL PK . and Draw the lines as stated above: S P N

N K L

M K L

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS (b) The plane PQRS with the plane LMRQ at point R. S P Q M L State: QR i) Line of intersection: .. ii) Line which is perpendicular to the line of intersection at point R: SR RM . and Draw the lines as stated above: S P Q M K L L R Q N K N L R Q

Module 5 : Page 12 (c) The plane KNRQ with the plane QLMR at point Q. R

State: QR i) Line of intersection: .. ii) Line which is perpendicular to the line of intersection at point Q: KQ QL . and Draw the lines as stated above: R

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Activity 2: Do you know how to draw?

Module 5 : Page 13

Draw the pair of lines perpendicular to the line of intersection for each of the pairs of planes given below: B A D 1 . E H C (a) ADHE and EFGH A D F G E H (b) CDFE and ADF E 2 . F D A C B F D A E C F G

(a) PXZ and ABCD. P

3 . D

CC Z W O

Y B X A D Z W

C O

Y B X A

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Learning Area 11: LINES AND PLANES IN 3-DIMENSIONS

Module 5 : Page 14 Worksheet 6.1

Learning Objective 11.2: Understand and use the concept of angle between two planes to solve problems. Learning Outcome (iii) Determine the angle between two planes on a model and a given diagram. Activity 1: Determine the angle between two given planes in each of the following: H E 1 . A D B F C G (a) EFGH and BCGF: FG i) Line of intersection: ... BFE or ii) Angle between the planes: . CGH (b) ABGH and ABCD: AB i) Line of intersection: ...

CBG or ii) Angle between the planes: . DAH

E F 2 . D A C B (a) ABEF and ABCD: AB i) Line of intersection: ...

DAF or ii) Angle between the planes: . CBE

(b) AEC and BCE: CE i) Line of intersection: ...

ACB ii) Angle between the planes: .

V (a) VBC and ABCD: BC i) Line of intersection: ... 3 . A D C P O N B

VNP ii) Angle between the planes: .

(b) VBO and VAO: VO i) Line of intersection: ...

AOB ii) Angle between the planes: .

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Learning Area 11: LINES AND PLANES IN 3-DIMENSIONS

Module 5 : Page 15 Worksheet 7.1

Learning Objective 11.2: Understand and use the concept of angle between two planes to solve problems. Learning Outcome (iv) Solve problems involving lines and planes in 3-dimensional shapes.

STEPS TO FOLLOW: Step 1: Sketch the shape by referring to the information given. Step 2: (a) Identify the line of intersection between the two planes. (b) Draw the pair of perpendicular lines to the line of intersection. (c) Determine the angle between the two given planes. Step 3: Sketch the right angled triangle and label all the values given. Step 4: Calculate the angle by using the Pythagoras theorem and trigonometry ratio

Example:

H
10 cm

E A

D F B

G
5 cm

The figure shows a cuboid. Task: Calculate the angle between the planes BCHE and ABCD.

C
5 cm

Solution: Step 1: E A

H D C

Step 2: The angle between the planes BCHE and ABCD is ABE or DCH.

tan = B Step 3: E
5 cm

Step 4:

tan ABE =

5 10

= 0.5

ABE = 26.57o or 26o34

A
10 cm

Using scientific calculator

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Guided Exercise: H 6 cm I
8 cm

Module 5 : Page 16

K
10 cm

J G

F
9 cm

12 cm

The figure shows a right prism with a uniform trapezium DEJI as its cross section. Calculate: (a) the length of EH, (b) the angle between the planes EHI and DGHI.

Guided Solution: (a) Using Pythagoras Theorem, DE = 12 cm, EG = 15 cm EH =

8 2 + 15 2

H
8 cm

17 cm = .. (b) Step 1: H Step 2:

15 cm

Identify the angle between the two planes (EHI and DGHI) I

I G D Step 3: Sketch the right angled triangle in Step 2. I E

DIE

Step 4: Using Trigonometry Ratio to calculate the answer. tan DIE =

12 8

DIE
E

= 1.5

DIE = 56.32o or 56o19

Program Waja Negeri Perak Tahun 2009 FORM 4 MATHEMATICS Notes:

Module 5 : Page 17

1. Letters labelled in the diagram given are called vertices. The line of intersection of two planes is the line joining the common vertices in the two planes. 2. Two planes intersect at a straight line. The straight line is called the line of intersection of the two planes.

Plane 2

Plane 1

line of intersection

3.

X A N

O B

Line of intersection is XOY. Lines perpendicular to XOY are XD and XA, OM and ON or YC and YB.

4. Line of intersection Lines perpendicular to the line of intersection

The angle between the lines perpendicular to the line of intersection of two planes is the angle between the two planes.