Overview of the campaign A health camp was organized at Shatbaria of Chandanaish in Chittagong on Friday, 7 th of July, 2013, which comprised

of four baseline checkups blood grouping, blood sugar, blood pressure, and body height and weight measurement. Prior to the camp, a survey was carried out to collect information about the number of families in the village, and the distribution of male, female & children in the populace. The organizers disseminated about the camp by mike-announcements, leaflet distribution and house-to-house visits. On the day before the camp, a team was dispatched to the destination to inform people about fasting as a measure for their blood sugar examination. The health camp commenced at 6.00 am, with the first group of volunteers and coordinator beginning proceedings early on for registration and blood sugar check-up of the villagers started turning up. The rest of the team arrived in the camp-site at around 9.00 am and quickly took over theircharges. The registration desk was stationed at the front, while the blood grouping, blood pressure, and body height and weight checkups were conducted in separate rooms in the ground floor, and the blood sugar, consultation, and the pharmacy rooms were sited on the second floor of the madrasa. A survey on vaccination of children was carried out on-spot, as the mothers were asked a simple questionnaire after they had completed their own checkups. In cases of extreme values (over the normal range) coming up in tests such as blood pressure and blood sugar level, the people diagnosed with the potential condition were re-checked and then sent for consultation. Basic medicines were also supplied from a provisional pharmacy for a very low cost. The coordinators supervised proceedings of their respective charges; alongside, they monitored overall activities in the camp, maintaining order among the people, answering their queries at every step, and providing assistance to the volunteers when needed, to ensure that everything went smoothly. So, there were few falters as the camp ran for 4 hours in the morning session before the lunch-break at 1.00 pm. The camp resumed at 3.00 pm after the Jummah prayers and lunch. Some of the patients who couldnt avail the professional consultation due to the long line of people in the morning came up in the afternoon along with those who had come for follow-up checks in, for example the blood sugar examination. Later in the day, the union chairman visited the health camp, motivating everyone by taking part in all the check-ups. He hailed Youth for Welfare for this terrific initiative, encouraging all the volunteers and coordinators alike to come forward in the service of the rural community in this manner. The camp finally drew to a close at 4.30 pm. Everyone packed up the apparatus and their personal belongings, and boarded the bus at 5.00 pm, warmly bid farewell by the locals as they departed.

Results The results and records based on the investigations or clinical assessments conducted in the health camp are discussed below. BLOOD GROUPING There were a comparatively lower number of participants for blood grouping due to technical difficulties with the blood group reagents that forced the examination to begin later than the scheduled time. A total of 32 people - 19 male and 13 female, undertook the blood grouping service. The youngest person was of 7 years, and the eldest 61 years of age. The largest age group was the 35-50 years with 14 of the participants. Of all the people tested for blood group: 10 were found to be A +ve, 14 B +ve, and 8 +ve. There were no records of people with AB blood group or with Rh-negative.

Blood group A +ve B +ve O +ve Total

Male 04 10 05 19

Female 06 04 03 13

No. of Persons 10 14 08 32

Table1: Blood group of the participants.

Figure 1: Type of Blood group of the participants

BLOOD PRESSURE The target for estimation of blood pressure was 100, though our volunteers could exceed the target and measure the blood pressure of a total of 102 participants, among which 37 were male and 65 were female. Out of 37 male 16 were having the blood pressure less than or equal to 120/90 mm of Hg and the rest 21 were having the blood pressure more than 120/90 mm of Hg. Out of 65 female 45 were having the blood pressure less than or equal to 120/90 mm of Hg and the rest 20 were having the blood pressure more than 120/90 mm of Hg. Thus a total of 61 among the participants were having the blood pressure less than or equal to 120/90 mm of Hg and the rest 41 were having the blood pressure more than 120/90 mm of Hg. In most of the cases participants having the blood pressure more than 120/90 mm of Hg were found to have much higher systolic pressures up to 180 mm of Hg, but the usual diastolic pressure were around 100 mm of Hg. Among the male participants the highest blood pressure was recorded as 180/120 mm of Hg and among the female the highest blood pressure was recorded as 160/130 mm of Hg. Blood Pressure Male (Systolic/Diastolic) Normal (120/90 mm Hg) Hypertensive (>120/90mm Hg) Total 16 21 37 Female 45 20 65 No. of Persons 61 41 102

Table 2: Blood Pressure of the participants.

No. of Male & Female having different

Figure 2: Blood pressure of the participants.

BLOOD GLUCOSE This test exceeded expectations of target of 100 participants, where the volunteers measured a highest 125 people for blood glucose, out of which there were 50 men and 75 women. The test was done in two steps the level of glucose in blood during fasting was recorded at first, then it was checked again at postprandial, 2 hours after breakfast. Then according to the results the people were classified into four categories. Majority of the people, a total of 53, came out normal. 41 women (55% of females) and 12 men (24% of males) displayed normal levels of both Fasting and Postprandial blood sugar. On the contrary, more men presented with diabetes mellitus than women. 12 men (24% of males) showed elevated levels of both Fasting and Postprandial level of blood glucose in comparison to 9 women (12% of the females) thus there were 21 individuals with diabetes. Blood Glucose Male Female 41 16 9 9 75 No. of Persons 53 31 20 21 125

Normal (Fasting: 65-110 mg/dl 12 Postprandial: 80-140 mg/dl) Impaired Fasting Glucose (110-125 mg/dl) Impaired Glucose Tolerance (141-199 mg/dl) 15 11

Diabetes Mellitus (Fasting: 126mg/dl 12 Postprandial: 200mg/dl) Total 50

Table-3: Levels Blood Glucose among the participants. Other conditions arose when the participants showed abnormal glucose levels in either of the two glucose check-ups. There were a total of 31 people having impaired fasting glucose (IFG) that is caused by higher blood glucose than the normal threshold during fasting. 15 men (30% of males) and 16 women (21% of females) presented this elevated fasting blood sugar. 20 people had impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) since they had higher glucose levels than normal 2 hours after breakfast. 11 men (22% of males) and 9 women (12% of females) had presented with high postprandial sugar levels, and were cautioned against a potential diabetes development. For many of the people, it was not possible to assess the Fasting and Postprandial glucose levels and so Ready Blood Sugar was taken instead. The figure below shows the distribution of the four conditions of blood glucose in all the participants.

Figure 3: Blood glucose conditions of the participants The Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and Impaired Glucose Transport (IGT) are not diseases conditions per se but can be a precursor to diabetes. So, these are indications that the mode of living of the concerned individuals must be changed so as to prevent the development of diabetes. The figure below compares the men and women who are in the risk of developing diabetes to those who already have it.

Figure 4: Comparison of abnormal blood glucose conditions BODY MASS INDEX (BMI) The target for estimation of waist was 100, though our volunteers could estimate the waist circumference of a total of 88 participants, among which 33 were male and 55 were female. Out of 33 males 29 were having the waist circumference less than 90cm which is considered to be safe (87.87%) and the rest 04 were having the waist circumference more than 90cm which is considered to be at danger level (12.13%) in relation to metabolic syndromes. Out of 55 females 25 were having the waist circumference less than 80cm which is considered to be safe (45.45%) and the rest 30 were having the waist circumference more than 80cm which is considered to be at danger level (54.55%) in relation to Metabolic Syndromes.

Waist Circumference in cm Normal (Male-<90cm, Female<80cm) Danger level (Male- >90cm, Female>80cm) Total

Male 29 04 33

Female 25 30 55

No. of Persons 54 34 88

Table 4: Waist Circumference of the participants.

Figure 5: Levels of Waist Circumference in Participants.

The target for estimation of waist was 100, though our volunteers could estimate the BMI of a total of 88 participants, among which 33 were male and 55 were female. Out of 33 males 24 were having BMI 18.5-24.9 which is considered as normal (72.72%) and among the rest 07 were having BMI less than 18.5 which is considered as underweight (21.21%) and 02 were having BMI more than 24.9 which is considered to be at danger level (either overweight or obese) (6.06%) in relation to Nutritional Status and Metabolic syndromes. Out of 55 females 34 were having BMI 18.5-24.9 which is considered as normal (61.81%) and among the rest 08 were having BMI less than 18.5 which is considered as underweight (14.54%) and 13 were having BMI more than 24.9 which is considered to be at danger level (either overweight or obese) (23.63%) in relation to Nutritional Status and Metabolic syndromes. BMI Status Underweight (< 18.5) Normal (18.5-24.9) Over-weight (25.0-29.9) Obese (30.0-39.9) Male 07 24 01 01 Female 08 34 10 03 Total 15 58 11 04

Morbidly Obese (>40.0) Total

00 33

00 55

00 88

Table 5: BMI (Body Mass Index- Kg/m2) of Participants.

Figure 6: BMI (Body Mass Index- Kg/m2) of Participants. SURVEY During the camp, the volunteers carried out a convenient short survey on mothers of the 20-40 age group to collect information about vaccination of their children and about their conditions when they were pregnant. 60 women participated in total. The findings are concisely given belowIt was found out that most of the women had all their children vaccinated. 6 women had not completed the vaccination of all her children and 2 women had none of her children undergo vaccination. Overall, the percentage of children who had regular vaccination was quite high -

Figure 7: Vaccination of children in families

Emphasis was also given on tetanus or TT vaccination of mothers. Here, it was found that 14 women had not taken TT vaccination, and 46 women were conscious enough and had taken TT vaccinations.

Figure 8: TT Vaccination of mothers

There were also 2 incidences where no vaccinations (TT vaccination of mother and vaccination of children) were administered. 80% of the women had taken vaccinations from the government health complex, while the other 20% had it done from private clinics or physicians chambers in drug stores. It was found out that 70% of the women had suffered from different problems during pregnancy, and only 60% of them had consulted a doctor in that time. Follow-up Projects and Future Planning After the successful Shatbaria health camp, a follow-up camp of blood glucose examination at Hamzarbag, Chittagong was organized on 29th July, 2013. The blood glucose camp was held in the Hajrat Sheikh Farid (R) Chashma Jame Mosque from 5 pm 7 pm. The target in this camp was 100 people, but it was surpassed as more than 120 locals had their blood glucose level tested, including the imam of the mosque. Two more health camps have been decided to be held in September2013. Furthermore, Youth for Welfare have plans in motion for a large-scale year long project on anaemia eradication in a village.