Background to the Initial Dilution Spreadsheet

The spreadsheet uses two methods to calculate the Initial Dilutions (IDs): Cederwall equation. Calculates still water ID achieved by a buoyant jet. WRc equations (1990). Calculate moving water ID. Incorporates two regimes for buoyant discharges: firstly the buoyancy-dominated near field regime (BDNF); secondly the buoyancy-dominated far field (BDFF). (These should not be confused with the near and far field definitions as applied to secondary dispersion.) In the BDNF case the discharge is influenced primarily by the density difference, and occurs in conditions of weak curren In conditions of strong ambient current the dilution is influenced less by buoyancy and more so by the ambient current - t The spreadsheet uses a test based on buoyancy and ambient current speed to determine which equation to use.

The Cederwall equation is used to calculate the minimum initial dilution only. It assumes minimum depth (i.e. Mean Low

The WRc equations are used to calculate both the minimum and mean IDs. Note that you must use different effluen the maximum flow rate to calculate the minimum ID; the mean flow rate to calculate the mean ID.

Note that this spreadsheet gives a simple estimate of the mean ID. The IDs are only calculated for one flow rate (mean) The resulting mean ID should be adequate for the purposes outlined in H1 annex (d). For a more accurate answer, a m

Where you have minimum IDs calculated from both the Cederwall and WRC equations, you should use the higher of the For a more detailed explanation, refer to "Design Guide for Marine Treatment Systems, Vol II" WRC 1990

Using the Spreadsheet The spreadsheets are protected - you can only enter data into yellow cells(data entry) and light green cells (reference inf Results for H1 purposes are presented in blue cells Note: the spreadsheet will compute both the mean and minimum IDs for the effluent flow rate entered into cell E12. Bu you will need to undertake two assessments, one for the mean ID and one for the minimum ID. Use the maximum effluent flow rate to calulate the minimum ID and the mean effluent flow rate to calculate the mean ID Using the Cederwall Equation Note that the Cederwall equation only applies to a horizontal jet. Input the maximum effluent flow rate in cell E12 The only values need are: Total Water Depth at Mean Low Water Spring (MLWS) m Total effluent flow (max) m3/sec Number of diffuser ports Height of diffuser ports above bed m Diameter of diffuser ports Ambient water density Kg/m3 (Use 1026 for fully saline water) Effluent density Kg/m3 (generally 1000) The required minimum ID is in the top blue cell.

Using the WRc Equations You will need to populate all the yellow cells. However, if you do not populate the cells for "Ambient current velocities" th

and you will get still-water IDs. You may find that these are sufficiently high, and you will not need to enter current veloci

When you do enter an "Ambient curent velocity", at low velocities it may not increase the ID - this is because the spreads the ID is dominated by buoyancy or currents.

The spreadsheet calculates the ID every half-hour over a tide, for each of spring and neap tides. The resulting ID statist

There are two worksheets: ID - Auto Water Depth: this worksheet will automatically calculate the water depths at each stage of the It assumes sinuoidal tidal curve with a period of 12.5 hours. ID - Manual Water Depth: use this worksheet if your tidal curve deviates significantly from a sinusoidal Minimum and mean IDs are presented in the blue cells below the computation table.

Note again that for the minimum ID, you should use the maximum effluent flow rate, and for the mean ID you should use

es for buoyant discharges:

ed to secondary dispersion.) nce, and occurs in conditions of weak currents. ancy and more so by the ambient current - the BDFF case. to determine which equation to use. It assumes minimum depth (i.e. Mean Low Water Spring tides (MLWS)) and zero ambient current. Note that you must use different effluent flow rates for these two calculations:

are only calculated for one flow rate (mean) and for spring and neap tides. nnex (d). For a more accurate answer, a more sophisticated model should be used. equations, you should use the higher of the two.

t Systems, Vol II" WRC 1990

ata entry) and light green cells (reference information).

effluent flow rate entered into cell E12. But if you need both the minimum and mean IDs, or the minimum ID. n effluent flow rate to calculate the mean ID.

e the cells for "Ambient current velocities" then the spreadsheet will assume zero current,

and you will not need to enter current velocities.

ncrease the ID - this is because the spreadsheet is using a test to see if

ring and neap tides. The resulting ID statistics are calculated from the resulting 50 values

culate the water depths at each stage of the tide from the basic water depth information.

urve deviates significantly from a sinusoidal curve of 12.5 hours period.

ow rate, and for the mean ID you should use the mean flow rate.

Scheme Title :Diffuser Arrangement:-

Flow Conditions:Rate :Year :Season :Value Comment Hydraulic Condition

Flow per port, Qi (m/s) Velocity at Port, Ui (m/s) Velocity in Outfall (m/s) Densimetric Froude No, F

Design Parameter
Mean Spring Tidal Range (m) Total Water Depth at MLWS (m) Mean Neap Tidal Range (m) Total Water Depth at MLWN (m) Total Effluent Flow (m/s) Number of Diffuser Ports Height of Ports above Bed (m) Diameter of Diffuser Ports (m) Diameter of Outfall (m) Ambient Water Density (kg/m) Effluent Density (kg/m)

Max flow for min ID, mean flow for mean ID

Buoyancy Flux, B

Value #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Comment #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Internal, could be same as diameter of outfall Internal

Still Water Prediction at MLWS using Cederwall (1988) equations. 0.00 Still Water Plume Width, W (m) 0 Still Water Plume Depth, D (m) 0 Still Water Initial Dilution, S #DIV/0!
Water Depth over Diffuser Port, H (m)

Moving Water Predictions using WRc (1990) equations. (with dilution constants C1 & C3 = 0.27) Time w.r.t Depth of water over Ambient Current Moving Water Moving Water Minimum required HW Diffuser Port (m) Velocity (m/s) Plume Width (m) Plume Depth (m) port separation (m) (hours) Hspring Hneap Uspring Uneap Wspring Wneap Dspring Dneap Spring Neap -6.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -5.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -5.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -4.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -4.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -3.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -3.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -2.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -2.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -1.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -1.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -0.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 1.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 1.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 2.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 2.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 3.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 3.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 4.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 4.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 5.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 5.5 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 6.0 0.00 0.00 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Moving Water Initial Dilution IDspring IDneap #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Minimum Mean Median Maximum Std. Dev. 95%ile.

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

1 1 Moving Water Initial Dilution 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0 -5.5 -5.0 -4.5 -4.0 -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 Hours Time w.r.t. HW
IDspring IDneap Hneap Hspring

14 Depth of Water over Diffuser (m) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

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Scheme Title :Diffuser Arrangement:-

Flow Conditions:Rate :Year :Season :Value Comment Hydraulic Condition

Flow per port, Qi (m/s) Velocity at Port, Ui (m/s) Velocity in Outfall (m/s) Densimetric Froude No, F

Design Parameter
Mean Spring Tidal Range (m) Total Water Depth at MLWS (m) Mean Neap Tidal Range (m) Total Water Depth at MLWN (m) Total Effluent Flow (m/s) Number of Diffuser Ports Height of Ports above Bed (m) Diameter of Diffuser Ports (m) Diameter of Outfall (m) Ambient Water Density (kg/m) Effluent Density (kg/m)

Max flow for min ID, mean flow for mean ID

Buoyancy Flux, B

Value #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Comment #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Internal Internal

Still Water Prediction at MLWS using Cederwall (1988) equations. 0.00 Still Water Plume Width, W (m) 0 Still Water Plume Depth, D (m) 0 Still Water Initial Dilution, S #DIV/0!
Water Depth over Diffuser Port, H (m)

Moving Water Predictions using WRc (1990) equations. (with dilution constants C1 & C3 = 0.27) Time w.r.t Depth of water over Ambient Current Moving Water Moving Water Minimum required HW Diffuser Port (m) Velocity (m/s) Plume Width (m) Plume Depth (m) port separation (m) (hours) Hspring Hneap Uspring Uneap Wspring Wneap Dspring Dneap Spring Neap -6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! -0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 0.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 1.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 1.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 2.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 2.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 3.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 3.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 4.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 4.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 5.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 5.5 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0! 6.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 0.0 #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Moving Water Initial Dilution IDspring IDneap #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

Minimum Mean Median Maximum Std. Dev. 95%ile.

#DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0! #DIV/0!

1 1 Moving Water Initial Dilution 1 1 1 1 0 0 0 0 0 -6.0 -5.5 -5.0 -4.5 -4.0 -3.5 -3.0 -2.5 -2.0 -1.5 -1.0 -0.5 0.0 0.5 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0 3.5 4.0 4.5 5.0 5.5 6.0 Hours Time w.r.t. HW
IDspring IDneap Hneap Hspring

14 Depth of Water over Diffuser (m) 12 10 8 6 4 2 0

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