SPM Biology Perlis 2010

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Section A
Bahagian A
[60 marks/ 60 markah]
Answer all questions this section
J awab semua soalan dalam bahagian ini

1. Figure 1 shows humans cheek cell observed through an electron microscope.
Rajah 1 menunjukkan sel pipi manusia di bawah mikroskop elektron.

Figure 1/ Rajah 1

1(a)(i) Name the structure labeled R and .
Namakan struktur berlabel P dan Q.

P : .

Q :
[2 marks/2 markah]

1(a)(i)
(a)(ii) P and Q involve in the process of enzyme synthesis. State the roles of P and Q
in this process.
P dan Q terlibat di dalam proses sintesis enzim. Nyatakan peranan P dan Q di
dalam proses ini.
.
.

.
[2 marks/ 2 markah]

1(a)(ii)

2

2
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(b)(i) Cheek cell and onion epidermal cells are observed under light microscope.
Draw a labeled diagram of an onion epidermal cell observed under the light
microscope.
Sel pipi dan sel epidermis bawang dilihat di bawah mikroskop cahaya. Lukiskan
gambarajah berlabel untuk sel epidermis bawang yang dilihat di bawah
mikroskop cahaya.

[2 marks/2 markah]

1(b)(i)

(ii) State two differences in structure between a cheek cell and an onion epidermal
cell that is observed under the microscope.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan antara struktur sel pipi dan sel epidermis bawang
yang dilihat di bawah mikroskop.
.
.
[2 mark/ 2 markah]

1(b)(ii)

(c)

If structure R is removed from a cell. Explain what would happen to the growth
of the cell.
Jika struktur R dibuang daripada sel. Terangkan apakah yang akan berlaku
kepada tumbesaran sel.
.
.

[2 marks/2 markah]

1(c)

2

2

2
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(d) Explain why meristematic cells have more organelle S compared to cheek cells.
Terangkan mengapa sel meristem mempunyai lebih banyak organel S
berbanding sel pipi.
.
.
.
.
[2 marks/2 markah]
TOTAL

1(d)

2

Figure 2 shows two cell division processes P and Q that occur in two different
types of cell.
Rajah 2 menunjukkan dua proses pembahagian sel iaitu P dan Q yang berlaku
dalam dua jenis sel yang berbeza.
Figure 2/ Rajah 2

2

12
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(a)(i)

State the importance of processes P and Q.
Nyatakan kepentingan bagi proses P dan Q
P: .
Q:
[2 marks/2 markah]

2(a)(i)

(ii) Where do processes P and Q occur in an animal?
Di manakah proses-proses P dan Q berlaku dalam haiwan?
P:
Q:
[2marks/ 2 markah]

2(a) (ii)

(b) (i)

X and Y are stages in processes P and Q respectively.
Describe the behavior of chromosomes in X and Y.
X dan Y adalah peringkat-peringkat dalam proses P dan proses Q.
Huraikan perlakuan kromosom dalam X dan Y.
X:
Y:
[2 marks/ 2 markah]

2(b)(i)

(ii)

Draw the cell behavior in stages X and Y in the space provided.
Lukiskan perlakuan sel di peringkat X dan Y dalam ruang yang disediakan.
X Y

[2marks/ 2markah]

2(b) (ii)

2

2

2

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(c)

State one differences between process P and Q.
Nyatakan satu perbezaan antara proses P dan Q.
.
.
.
[1 marks/ 1 markah]

2(c)

(d)(i).

Which process related to the formation of cancerous cells?
Proses yang manakah berkaitan dengan pembentukan sel-sel kanser?

[1mark/ 1 markah]

2(d) (i)

(ii) Explain how cancerous cells are formed in human body.
Terangkan bagaimana sel-sel kanser terbentuk dalam badan manusia.
.

[2marks/ 2 markah]

TOTAL

2(d)(ii)

1

2

1

12
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3. Figure 3 shows a part of paddy field ecosystem.
Rajah 3 menunjukkan sebahagian daripada ekosistem dalam sawah padi.

Figure 3/ Rajah 3

3(a) Based on Figure 3, name the producers in the paddy field ecosystem.
Berdasarkan Rajah 3, namakan pengeluar di dalam ekosistem sawah padi.

[1 mark/ 1 mark]

3(a)

(b)

Give two ways in which energy may be lost in the food web.
Nyatakan dua cara bagaimana tenaga boleh hilang di dalam siratan
makanan.

[1 marks/ 1 markah]

3(b)

1

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(c) Calculate how much energy is received by the secondary consumer in the
food web if the energy in producer is 10 000kJ .
Kirakan jumlah tenaga yang diterima oleh pengguna kedua di dalam siratan
makanan jika jumlah tenaga di dalam pengeluar adalah
10 000KJ.

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

3(c)
3(d)(i) Based on the food web, draw and name the organism in each trophic level
in the pyramid of numbers.
Berdasarkan siratan makanan, lukis dan namakan organisma pada setiap
aras tropik dalam pyramid nombor itu.

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

3(d)(i)

2

2
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3(d)(ii) State two differences that you can see from the base to the top of the
pyramid number.
Nyatakan dua perbezaan yang dapat dilihat dari tapak ke puncak piramid
nombor.
1 : ..

2 : ..

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

3(d)(ii)
(e) Explain the interaction between frog and snake in controlling the population
size in the ecosystem.
Terangkan hubungan di antara katak dan ular dalam mengawal saiz
populasi dalam ekosistem.

.
[3 marks/ 3 markah]

3(e)

(f) Decomposers play an important role in an ecosystem. Name one example of
decomposer and explain its role in an ecosystem.
Pengurai memainkan peranan penting di dalam ekosistem. Namakan satu
jenis pengurai dan terangkan peranannya di dalam ekosistem.

[2 marks/ 2 markah]
TOTAL

3(f)

2

2

14

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4. Figure 4.1 shows a human vertebra.
Rajah 4.1 menunjukkan vertebra manusia.

Figure 4.1 / Rajah 4.1

(a) Name the part labeled P and R.
Namakan bahagian yang berlabel R.
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

4(a)
(b) State the function of Q.
Nyatakan fungsi Q.
...
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

4(b)

(c)(i) State one type of mineral that is essential for the strength of this vertebra.
Nyatakan satu jenis mineral yang diperlukan untuk menguatkan vertebra ini.
.
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

4(c)(i)
(c)(ii) Explain how the lack of mineral stated in (c)(i) leads to osteoporosis.
Huraikan bagaimana kekurangan mineral yang dinyatakan di (c)(i) membawa
kepada osteoporosis.
..
[2 marks/ 2 markah]

4(c)(ii)

Q
P
R

1

1

1

2
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(c)(iii) Suggest one way on how to reduce the risk of this disease.
Cadangkan satu cara bagaimana untuk mengurangkan risiko mendapat
penyakit ini.
..
[1 mark/ 1 markah]

4(c)(iii)

Figure 4.2(a) shows the cross section of a water hyacinth stem and figure
4.2 (b) shows the cross section of a woody plant.
Rajah 4.2(a) menunjukkan keratan rentas batang pokok keladi bunting dan
rajah 4.2 (b) menunjukkan keratin rentas bagi pokok berkayu.

(e)(i) What is structure P?
Apakah structure P?

[1 mark/ 1 markah]

4(e)(i)
(e)(ii) Explain how structure P helps the plant in support.
Terangkan bagaimana struktur P membantu tumbuhan dalam sokongan.

[3 marks/ 3 markah]

4(e)(ii)

1

1

3
Figure 4.2(a) Figure 4.2 (b)

Rajah 4.2(a) Rajah 4.2 (b)
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(f) Describe how woody plant is supported by structure Q in figure 4.2 (b).
Terangkan bagaimana pokok berkayu disokong oleh struktur Q dalam rajah
4.2 (b).

[2 marks/ 2 markah]

TOTAL

4(f)

5. Figure 5.1 shows the structure of a type of nucleic acid.
Rajah 5.1 menunjukkan struktur sejenis asid nukleik.

Figure5.1/ Rajah 5.1

5(a) Based on the Figure 5, name the type of nucleic acid as shown.
Berdasarkan Rajah 5, namakan jenis asid nukleik yang ditunjukkan.

..
[1 mark / 1 markah]

5(a)

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2

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5(b) Draw and label a basic unit of structure show in figure 5.1.
Lukis dan labelkan unit asas bagi struktur yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 5.1.

[2 marks / 2 markah]

5(b)
5(c) Explain the role of structure in figure 5.1 in determining the characteristics of
organisms.
Terangkan peranan struktur dalam rajah 5.1 dalam menentukan ciri-ciri
organism.
.

5(d)(i)

5(d) Name another type of nucleic acid.
Namakan satu lagi jenis asid nukleik.

......
[1 mark / 1 markah]

5(e)

2

3

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(e) (i)

Figure 5.3/ Rajah5.3

Complete the structure in figure 5.3.
Lengkapkan struktur dalam rajah 5.3.

5(e)(i)

(e)(ii) State the component that determines the characteristics of an organism.
Nyatakan komponen yang menentukan ciri-ciri sesuatu organisma.

TOTAL

2

12

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PAPER 2 SECTION B
Answer any two questions from this section.
Jawab mana-mana dua soalan daripada bahagian ini.

6

The photographs in Figure 6.1 show three individuals with different needs for energy.
Fotograf dalam Rajah 6.1 menunjukkan tiga individu dengan keperluan tenaga yang
berbeza.
A lady athlete/
Olahragawati
(11 000kJ )

A pregnant lady/
Wanita mengandung
(10 000kJ )

An old lady/
Perempuan tua
(6500kJ )

Figure 6.1/ Rajah 6.1

(a)(i)

What is a balanced diet? Why do we need a balanced diet?
Apakah gizi yang seimbang? Kenapa kita memerlukan gizi yang seimbang?

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(a)(ii)

Based on your biological knowledge about balanced diet, explain the factors that
determine the energy requirement for the three individuals in figure 6.1.
Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda tentang gizi seimbang, terangkan faktor-faktor
yang menentukan keperluan tenaga bagi tiga individu dalam rajah 6.1.


(b)

Figure 6.2 shows humans digestive system. X is part of the cross section of structure Y.
Rajah 6.2 menunjukkan sistem pencernaan manusia. X ialah sebahagian daripada
keratan rentas struktur Y.

Figure 6.2/ Rajah 6.2

Y
X
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(i) What are the processes that occur in structure Y?
Describe the processes by giving examples.
Apakah proses-proses yang berlaku dalam struktur Y?
Dengan memberikan contoh huraikan proses-proses itu.
[5 marks/ 5 markah]

(b)(ii) Describe the adaptations of X that allow structure Y to carry out its function efficiently.
Huraikan penyesuaian-penyesuaian X yang membolehkan struktur menjalankan
fungsinya dengan efisien.
[5 marks/ 5 markah]

7. Figure 7 shows the events leading to the greenhouse effect
Gambarajah 7 menunjukkan fenomena kesan rumah hijau.
Figure 7/ Rajah7
(a) With reference to figure 7, describe the steps involved in the formation of the
greenhouse effect
Dengan merujuk kepada rajah 7, huraikan langkah-langkah yang terlibat dalam
pembentukan kesan rumah hijau.
[5 marks /5 markah]

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(b) In many parts of the world, forests are being cut down and burned.
Explain why this may be contributing to the greenhouse effect.
Di kebanyakan negara, hutan ditebang dan dibakar.
Terangkan mengapa keadaan ini menyumbang kepada kesan rumah hijau.
[5 marks/5 markah]
(c) Describe the other causes besides deforestation and the overall effects of the
enhanced greenhouse effect.
Huraikan penyebab lain selain penebangan dan kesannya ke atas kesan rumah hijau.
[10 marks/10 markah]

8(a) Graphs 8.1 (a) and 8.1 (b) show the growth curve of human and insect.
Based on the graphs, compare the growth process in human and insect.
Graf 8.1(a) dan 8.1(b) menunjukkan lengkung pertumbuhan bagi manusia dan
serangga.
Berdasarkan graf , bandingkan proses pertumbuhan manusia dan serangga.

Graph 8.1.(a) : Growth curve for human
: Lengkung Pertumbuhan manusia.

Height
(cm)
Time (year)
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Graph 8.1 (b) : Growth curve for insect
: Lengkung pertumbuhan serangga.


(b)

Based on your biological knowledge in reproduction technology, explain how the
couple can have children.
Berdasarkan pengetahuan biologi anda dalam teknologi pembiakan, terangkan
bagaimanakah pasangan ini untuk memperolehi anak.
[10 marks/10 markah]

A couple, Mr Zafrie and Mrs Munirah had married almost ten years but still do
not have any child. After undergone an inspection, they found that the husband
does not have any problem but the Fallopian tube of Mrs Munirah is blocked.

Pasangan suami isteri, Encik Zafrie dan Puan Munirah telah berkahwin
hampir sepuluh tahun tetapi masih tidak mempunyai anak. Setelah
pemeriksaan dilakukan, didapati suaminya tidak mempunyai sebarang
masalah tetapi tiub Fallopio Puan Munirah telah tersumbat.
Length
(cm)
Time (day)
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9
(a)
Figure 9 shows various types of thumbprints.
Rajah 9 menunjukkan pelbagai jenis cap jari.

Figure 9/ Rajah 9

(i) Explain the type of variation shown in Figure 9.
Terangkan jenis variasi yang ditunjukkan dalam Rajah 9.
[4 marks/ 4 markah]
(ii) Compare the variation shown in figure 9 with the type of variation shown by body mass.
Bandingkan variasi yang ditunjukkan dalam rajah 9 dengan jenis variasi yang
ditunjukkan oleh jisim badan.
[6 marks/ 6 markah]

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(b) Two parents who are both thin and are able to roll their tongues have a son who is fat
and is able to roll their tongue. Explain how this happens.
Ibubapa yang mana kedua-duanya adalah kurus dan boleh menggulung lidah
mempunyai seorang anak yang gemuk dan boleh menggulung lidah. Terangkan
bagaimana ia berlaku.

END OF QUESTION PAPER
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4551/3 2010 Hak cipta Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis [Lihat
sebelah
2

1.
Answer all questions.
Jawab semua soalan.

A group of students conducted an experiment to investigate how different amount of water
intake influence the urine production. The volumes of water intake and urine produced after
half an hour is shown in Table 1.1. This experiment was repeated twice.

Sekumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji bagaimana pengambilan
amaun air yang berbeza mempengaruhi penghasilan air kencing. Isipadu air yang diambil dan
air kencing yang dihasilkan selepas setengah jam ditunjukkan di dalam Jadual 1.1. Eksperimen
ini diulangi sebanyak 2 kali.

Table 1.1 shows the volume of water intake and the urine produced after half an hour.

Jadual 1.1 menunjukkan isipadu air yang diambil dan air kencing yang dihasilkan selepas
setengah jam.

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Table 1.1
Jadual 1.1

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(a) Complete Table 1.1 to show the volumes of urine production after half an
hour.
Lengkapkan Jadual 1.1 untuk menunjukkan isipadu air kencing yang
terhasil selepas setengah jam.
[ 3 marks / 3 markah ]

1(a)

(b) (i) State two observations that can be made from this experiment based on
Table 1.1
Nyatakan dua pemerhatian yang boleh dibuat daripada eksperimen
berdasarkan Jadual 1.1
Observation 1 / Pemerhatian 1:

Observation 2 / Pemerhatian 2:


(ii) State the inferences from the observations in 1 (c) (i)
Nyatakan inferens daripada pemerhatian di 1 (c) (i)
Inference from observation 1 / Inferens daripada pemerhatian 1:

Inference from observation 2 / Inferens daripada pemerhatian 2:


1(b)(i)

1(b)(ii)

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Table 1.2
Jadual 1.2
1(c)


(c) Complete Table 1.2 based on this experiment.
Lengkapkan Jadual 1.2 berdasarkan eksperimen ini.

Variable
Pembolehubah
Method to handle variable
Cara mengendali pembolehubah
Manipulated variable:
Pembolehubah dimanipulasi

.
.

Responding variable:
Pembolehubah bergerakbalas

Constant variable:
Pembolehubah dimalarkan

(d) State the hypothesis for this experiment.
Nyatakan hipotesis bagi eksperimen ini.


1(d)

3
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(e) (i) Construct a table and record all the data collected in this experiment.
Bina satu jadual dan rekodkan semua data yang dikumpul dalam
eksperimen ini.
Your table should have the following aspects.
Jadual anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek- aspek berikut:
- Volume of water intake / Isipadu air yang diambil
- Average of volume of urine produced / Purata isipadu air kencing
yang terhasil
- Percentage of urine produced / Peratus air kencing yang terhasil

Percentage of urine
produced
=
Volume of urine produced X 100%
Volume of water intake
Peratus air kencing
yang dihasilkan
=
Isipadu air kencing terhasil X 100%
Isipadu air yang diambil


1(e)(i)

(ii) Use the graph paper provided on page 8 to answer this question. Using
the data in 1(e) (i) draw a bar chart to show the relationships between
volume of water intake with the percentage of urine produced.
Guna kertas graf yang disediakan di halaman 8 untuk menjawab soalan
ini. Dengan menggunakan data di 1(e) (i) lukis satu carta bar untuk
menunjukkan hubungan antara isipadu pengambilan air dengan
peratusan air kencing yang dihasilkan.

1(e)(ii)

3
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(f) Based on the bar chart in 1 (e) (ii), explain the relationships between the
volume of water intake to the percentage of urine produced .
Berdasarkan carta bar dalam 1(e) (ii), terangkan perkaitan isipadu
pengambilan air dengan peratusan air kencing yang dihasilkan..
..

1(f)
(g) State the operational definition of urine production based on this
experiment.
Nyatakan definisi secara operasi bagi penghasilan air kencing
berdasarkan eksperimen ini.
..

..

1(g)

(h) If the students in this experiment is asked to stay in a room with 16C
temperature, predict the volume of urine produced after half an hour.
Explain your prediction.
Jika pelajar yang terlibat di suruh berada di dalam bilik bersuhu 16C,
ramalkan isipadu air kencing yang dihasilkan selepas setengah jam.
Terangkan ramalan anda.


1(h)
3
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(i) (i) Based on Table 1.1, classify the apparatus and materials used in this
experiment.
Berdasarkan Jadual 1.1, kelaskan radas dan bahan yang digunakan di
dalam eksperimen ini.
Apparatus / Radas Materials / Bahan


1(i)

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Diagram 2 / Rajah 2

Based on the above statement and Diagram 2, design a laboratory experiment to study the level
of water pollution in three river water samples taken from Village X, Y and Z.

Berdasarkan maklumat dan Rajah 2 di atas, rancangkan satu eksperimen makmal untuk
mengkaji aras pencemaran air pada tiga sampel air sungai yang diambil daripada Kampung X,
Y dan Z.

Eutrofication occurs usually due to the inflow of organic matter into the river. The increase
in nutrients may cause producers such as algae to grow in abundance. When a large number of
algae die, decomposition by bacteria and fungi utilizes a large amount of dissolved oxygen in the
water causing the BOD value and level of pollution to increase.
Eutrofikasi biasanya berlaku disebabkan pengaliran bahan organik ke dalam sungai.
Peningkatan bahan-bahan nutrien menyebabkan pertumbuhan pengeluar seperti alga berlaku
dengan pesat. Apabila sebahagian besar alga ini mati, penguraian oleh bakteria dan kulat
menggunakan banyak oksigen terlarut yang menyebabkan nilai BOD dan aras pencemaran
meningkat.
2.
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The planning of your experiment must include the following aspects:
Perancangan eksperimen anda hendaklah meliputi aspek-aspek berikut:

Problem statement / Pernyataan masalah
Objective of investigation / Objektif penyiasatan
Hypothesis / Hipotesis
Variables / Pembolehubah
List of apparatus and material / Senarai radas dan bahan
Technique used / Teknik yang digunakan
Experimental procedure / Kaedah eksperimen
Conclusion / Kesimpulan


END OF QUESTION PAPER

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SKEMA JAWAPAN Biologi Kertas 1 2010

No Answers No Answers
1. C 26. C
2. C 27. D
3. C 28. B
4. A 29. D
5. C 30. A
6. B 31. B
7. C 32. A
8. A 33. C
9. C 34. A
10. B 35. C
11. D 36. C
12. D 37. A
13. C 38. D
14. B 39. D
15. C 40. C
16. A 41. D
17. C 42. C
18. B 43. C
19. A 44. A
20. C 45. D
21. D 46. A
22. A 47. A
23. C 48. B
24. D 49. C
25. C 50. A

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SULIT 1
SkemaTrialBiology2010
1
PANITIABIOLOGI NEGERI PERLIS 2010
SCHEME PAPER 2 SECTION A: structured questions
Item No. Suggested Answers: Marks
1(a) (i) P : Rough endoplasmic reticulum
Q : Golgi body
1
1
(2marks)
(ii) - Ribosome at P synthesizes protein
- Protein that is synthesized is transported by P to Q
- Q modifies the protein to enzymes/Q packages the enzyme/protein
1
1
1
(3 marks)

(b) (i)

Shape and
structure:
1
3-4 labels
correct:
1
(2 marks)
(ii) The onion epidermal cell has cell wall while cheek cell do not have cell
wall
1
(1 mark)
(c)

- The cell does not divide/differentiate
- because there are no genes (that control
mitosis/differentiation)
1
1
(2 marks)
(d) - S (mitocondria) : it generates energy
- Meristematic cells require more energy to undergo mitosis/cell
Division

1
1
(2 marks)

TOTAL: 12
nucleus
Cellwall
cytoplasm
vacuole
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SULIT 2
2
2 (a)(i) P : To produce gamete cell
Q : Repair damage tissue / for growth
1
1
(2 marks)
(ii) P: In reproductive organ// ovary// testis
Q: in all somatic cells
1
1
(2 marks)
(b)(i)

X: metaphase 1
Y: anaphase Both answers correct:
1
(1 mark)

(ii)

X : metaphase 1 Y : anaphase

Correct
diagram
award
1 mark
(2 marks)
(c) 1. crossing over occur in P but not in Q
2. Process P produces 4 daughter cells whereas process Q produces 2
daughter cells.
3. Daughter cells produced in P have variation whereas daughter cells
produced in Q are identical to parent cell.
Any two
1
1

1
(2 marks)
(d)(i) Process Q 1
(1 mark)
(ii) F : The cancer cells occur due to severe disruption of mechanism that
controls the cell cycle.
E : The cells divide without control and regulation to form cancerous cells//
uncontrolled division of cells forms cancerous cells.

1
1
F & E =2,
F=1,
E =0
TOTAL: 12
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SULIT 3
3
3.(a) Paddy plant 1 (1 mark)
3(b) Sunlight 1 (1 mark)
3(c) (i) respiration
(ii) excretion
(iii) defaecation
1
1
1 any two
(2 marks)

3(d)

10 000 Kj 10% 1000 Kj 10% 100Kj
Producer Primary consumer Secondary consumer
10 / 100 X 10 000 kJ =1000 kJ
10 / 100 X 1000 kJ =100 kJ

1
1
(2 marks)
3(e)(i)

Correct
Shape 1m
Label:
2-4 correct
1m
1 correct 0m
(2 marks)
(e)(ii) 1. Dari tapak ke atas bilangan organism semakin bertambah
2. Saiz organism dari tapak ke atas semakin bertambah

1
1
(2 marks)
(f) Bacteria and fungi.
They break down waste products and dead bodies of other organisms
into simpler substances to be used again by plants.

2
1
1
(2 marks)

Total : 13
Paddyplant
Grasshopper/caterpillar/bird
Bird/frog
Snake
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SULIT 4
4
4 (a) R : centrum 1 (1 mark)
(b)

P : muscle attachment
Q : the placing of spinal cord
1
1 (2 marks)
(c) Lumbar vertebra 1 (1 mark)
(d)(i) calcium/ phosphorus 1 (1 mark)
(ii) osteoporosis // Porous / brittle bone 1 (1 mark)
(iii) taking a diet rich in calcium/phosphorus and vitamin D // drink milk, regular
exercise (any one)
1
(1 mark)
(e) (i) P: air sac 1 (1 mark)
(ii) P: to reduce the density of aquatic plant // to keep aquatic plant light

1 (1 mark)
(iii) -able to float
-get enough sun light -
carry out photosynthesis
1
1
1 (any two)
(2 marks)
TOTAL: 11
5(a) DNA 1 (1 mark)
5(b) Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphorus 1 (1 mark)
5(c ) - Carry genetic information
- Direct protein synthesis
1
1 (2 marks)
5(d)(i) Nucleotide 1 (1 mark)
(ii) X : Phosphate group
Y : Pentose sugar / Sugar
Z : Nitrogenous base
1
1
1 (3 marks)
(iii) Z 1 (1 mark)
5(e) RNA 1 (1 mark)
5(f) P : Adenine / Q:Thymine // P : Cytosine / Q: Guanine //
P: Thymine / Q: Adenine // P : Guanine / Q: Cytosine (any two correct
pairs)
1
1 (2 marks)

TOTAL: 12
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SULIT 5
5
Section B: ESSAY
Item No. Suggested Answers: Marks
6 (a)(i) A balanced diet is the foods that contain correct proportion of nutrients
which include carbohydrates, proteins, lipids, vitamins, minerals, water and
dietary fibre / roughage//
A balanced diet is one which contains the correct proportions of all the
different food requirement of the body.
We need a balanced diet to supply enough energy for each days activities
1

1
(2 marks)
(ii) A lady athlete:
F1: An athlete is a very active person and has high rate of metabolism
to produce energy.
E1: The diet should include more carbohydrates to supply enough energy
to carry out the vigorous activity in sports.// She needs to contract and
relax her muscles frequently for her vigorous activities. //Energy is
needed to contract the muscles.
E2: The diet should include more protein to build new tissues to replace
tissues that are dead or damaged.
E3: She also needs calcium, sodium and potassium to strengthen the
bones and to prevent muscular cramp.

A pregnant lady:
F2: A pregnant lady has a high rate of metabolism to provide energy
for herself and the baby.
E4: The pregnant lady also needs more iron and calcium to build red blood
cells to avoid anemia.
E5: She needs a high quantity of calcium and phosphate to form strong
teeth and bones for the baby.

An old lady:
F3: An old lady has low rate of metabolism as she does not need
energy to grow. (age)

1

1

1

1

1

1

1

1
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SULIT 6
6
E6: An old lady needs less carbohydrates and fats because she is less
active and thus do not need much energy.
E7: she needs more proteins, vitamins and minerals to replace dead
tissues and maintain her daily activities
E8:She needs calcium and phosphorus to prevent osteoporosis
E9: She should avoid food that contains a lot of fats, sugar and salt
because excess fat can lead to heart diseases, excess sugar can
cause diabetes mellitus and excess salt can cause high blood
pressure.
F1, F2 and F3 and any five E:
1

1

1

1
(8 marks)
(a) (i) F1: Digestion //
Intestinal glands of the wall of ileum secrete a few enzymes to
complete the digestion process.
Digestion process is completed in ileum to produce simple sugars (glucose,
fructose and galactose), amino acids, fatty acids and glycerol.
Example: (any correct enzymes/ intestinal juices and substrate reaction)
1. Enzyme erepsin(peptidase) --- peptide to amino acids.
2. Enzyme sucrose -----sucrose to glucose and fructose

F2: Absorption //
The wall of ileum has many projections called villus to absorb the
products of digestion.
Blood capillaries in the villus absorb simple sugars, amino acids, minerals,
vitamins B and C
Lacteal of the villus absorb fatty acids, glycerol, fat soluble vitamins
(A,D,E,K)
Must have F1 and F2 and other 3

1
1

1
1
1
1
1

(5 marks)
(ii) F1: X is villus - has very thin epithelium that is only one cell thick.
E1: The thin epithelium facilitate the diffusion of digested food//
enable digested food to move across easily.
F2: X is greatly folded structure
E2: Provides a large surface area for efficient absorption of digested food.
F3: It has a mass network of blood capillaries
1
1
1
1
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SULIT 7
7
E3: to transport the digested food such as glucose, amino acids, minerals
and vitamins B and C that has been absorbed.
F4: Each villus has a lacteal
E4: to transport lipid soluble nutrient//
fatty acids, glycerol and lipids soluble vitamins.
F1, F2, F3 and any 2 suitable E

1
1
1
1

(5 marks)
7(a) - solar radiation warms the earths surface
- heat energy is reradiated back into the atmosphere

- some heat energy escapes into space
- heat energy is reradiated back to the earth

- by greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide and methane
1
1
1
1
1
(5 marks)
(b) - in slash-and-burn agriculture, the burning trees increases the
concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere
- trees photosynthesis using carbon dioxide thus deforestation leads to less
carbon dioxide being removed from atmosphere
- less carbon dioxide is able to be locked up in trees.
- As trees die and tree stumps left to rot, microbial activity during
decomposition also releases carbon dioxide
- carbon dioxide is greenhouse gas. It absorbs energy radiated by earth,
some of these energy reradiated back thus increasing the surface
temperature

1

1
1

1

1
(5 marks)
(c) - the greenhouse effect is further worsened by the combustion of
fossil fuel in motor vehicles in power stations to generate electricity
and in industries
- these activities produce large quantities of carbon dioxide into the
atmosphere
- the setting up of large cattle ranches to cater for the growing human

1
1

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SULIT 8
8
population leads to massive emissions of methane gas from the
belching of these animals and the decomposition of their wastes.
- As the world population strives for higher standards of living, there
is an increased use of CFCs in products like air-conditioning and
during the production of packaging materials
- The rapid decomposition of humus, combustion of fossil fuels use of
nitrogen or nitrate fertilizer contributes to the production of nitrogen
oxides which is another greenhouse gas
- The increase in the concentration of these greenhouse gases would
then lead to increasing surface temperatures on earth as they trap
and reflect heat back to the earth
- This may lead to an increase in photosynthesis which is about the
only positive effect of an enhanced greenhouse effect
- More alarmingly however the greenhouse effect may change the
local and global climate causing a shift in vegetation and vectors
- This may also lead to extinction of certain species of organisms
which are unable to adapt to the changing environment
- Glaciers may start to melt thus increasing the sea levels. This leads
to flooding in low lying areas around the globe

1

1

1

1
1
1
1
1
1
(10 marks)
8(a) Similarities
- heightofman/lengthofinstarincreasesbytime
- bothshowhorizontalline/constantgrowthduringadult
Difference
- FormofgraphSigmoidformforhumanandlikeseriesofstepsininsect
- Ageoforganismtheheightmeasuredyearly,butininsectuseddayfor
measuringthelength
- Causedofdifferenthumanhaveendoskeletonbutinsecthave
exoskeleton
- Stagesinvolveinhuman,thecurvehasthreedifferentphases,butthere
arefivestepsininsect//nymphalstages
- Verticalandhorizontalline:curveforhumandidnotshowsdifferentline
(onlythecurvefromcontinuouspoints),buttherearefivedifferent
horizontalandverticallineseach
- Zerogrowthnopointtoshowzerogrowthinhuman,butthereare5
*2marksfor
similarities,
8marksfor
differences
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SULIT 9
9
timeofzerogrowth(athorizontalline)
- Suddengrowth:nosuddengrowthforhuman,buttherearesudden
growthininsect(atverticalline)
- Ecdysis:noecdysisinhumanbutecdysisoccurredininsect
- Mitosis:thecellsinhumanundergomitosisallthetime,butininsect,
mitosisonlyoccurredatcertaintime(duringecdysis)
- Absorptionofair:inhuman,therearenoabsorptionofair,butininsect,
duringecdysis
Max10
marks
(b) F:Invitrotechnique
P1:meansfertilizationoccursoutsideofthebody
P2:thewifeinjectedwithhormonetofastenthedevelopmentofthesecondary
oocyte/ovuminovary
P3:secondaryoocyte/ovumreleaseoutbyusinglaparoscope(fromovary
beforeovulation)
P4:spermsfromhusbandfertilizewiththesecondaryoocyteinaPetridish
(containsculturemedium)
P5:(afterfertilization)zygotewilldividebymitosis
P6:(after2days)formedembryountileightcellsstage
P7:embryotransferredtotheendometriumoftheuteruswallthroughcervix
(usingpippet)
P8:embryoimplantattheendometriumofuteruswallanddevelop
P9:babythatisdeliverediscalledtesttubebaby
P10:Thistechniqueiscomplicated/expensiveandtheprobabilitytosuccessis
low
Max10
marks
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SULIT 10
10
9(a)(i) - Discontinuous variation
- Contrasting features
- No intermediate values
- Caused by genetic factors
- Can be inherited
1
1
1
1
1
Max : 4
(ii)
Body mass Thumbprints
- Continous variation - Discontinous variation
- Features change gradually - Contrasting features
- Intermediate values - No intermediate values
- Caused by genetic factor and
affected by environmental factors
- Caused by genetic factor
- Cannot be inherited if characteristic
affected by environmental factors
- Can be inherited
- Graph shows normal distribution - Graph shows discrete
distribution

2
2
2
2

2

2

Max : 10
(b) - Thin parents can have a fat son even though the son inherits
genes for thinness from his parents
- Body size is affected by environmental factors
- Continuous variation
1

1
1
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SULIT 11
11
- Due to diet, the size of body changes
- The ability to roll the tongue is determined by genetic factors
- Alleles for the ability to roll the tongue can be inherited
- Genes for this characteristic is dominant
- Hence, the son can roll his tongue
1
1
1
1
1
Max : 6

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Skema jawapan biologi
Peperiksaan Percubaan Biologi SPM 2010
Panitia Biologi Negeri Perlis
1
MARKING SCHEME : PAPER THREE TRIAL BIOLOGY 2010
Question 1 : 1(a)
Score Explanation

3

Able to record all readings of volume of urine produced

Student Volume of urine in the first
experiment/ml
Volume of urine in the
second experiment/ml
A 80 82
B 150 170
C 200 250
D 360 370
2 Able to record any 4-5 volume
1 Able to record any 2-3 volume
0 No response or wrong response

1(b)(i)
Score Explanation
3
Able to state two correct observations based on following criteria.
C1 volume of water intake
C2 volume of urine produced

Sample Answer:(either 2):
1. When the volume of water intake is 100 ml, the volume of urine produced in
first experiment is 80ml and second experiment is 82 ml.
2. When the volume of water intake is 400 ml, the volume of urine produced in
first experiment is 360 ml and second experiment is 370 ml.

2 Able to state one correct observation and one inaccurate response.
1 Able to state one correct observation or two inaccurate response or idea.
0 No response or wrong response (response like hypothesis)

1(b) (ii)
Score Explanation
3
Able to state two reasonable inferences for the observation.

Sample answer:
1. When the volume of water intake is less, more water is reabsorbed, less urine is
produced
2. When the volume of water intake is more, less water is reabsorbed, more urine
is produced

2 Able to state one correct inference and one inaccurate inference.
1 Able to state one correct inference or two inaccurate inference or idea.
0 No response or wrong response (inference like hypothesis)

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2
1(c)
Score Explanation
3
Able to state all the variables and the method to handle variable correctly
() for each variable and method
Manipulated Variable: Volume of water intake ()
Method to handle: Repeat the experiment by drinking different volume of water ()

Responding Variable: Volume of urine produced ()
Method to handle: Measure and record the volume of urine produced after half an
hour by using measuring cylinder.()

Controlled variable : type of water intake/ duration to collect urine ()
Method to handle: . drink same type of water/ fix the time to collect urine ()

Able to get 6 (with the correct key words)
2 Able to get 4 5
1 Able to get 2 3

1(d)
Score Explanation
3
Able to state the hypothesis correctly based on the following criteria:
V1 State the volume of water intake
V2 State the volume of urine produced
R - State the relationship between V1 and V2.

The more the volume of water intake, the more the volume of urine produced.
2 Able to state the hypothesis but less accurate.
1 Able to state the idea of the hypothesis

1(e)(i)
Score Explanation
3
Able to construct a table and record the result of the experiment with the following
criteria:
volume of water intake(ml) ()
average of volume of urine produced (ml) ()
- percentage of urine produced (%) ()

If without unit (x)

Students
Volume of
water
intake/ml
Volume of urine
produced/ml
Average of
volume of
urine
produced/ml
Percentage of
volume of urine
produced / %
First
experiment
Second
experiment
A 100 80 76 78 78
B 200 150 170 160 80
C 300 250 250 250 83
D 400 360 370 365 91

2 Able to construct a table and record any two criteria
1 Able to construct a table and record any one criteria
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3
1(e)(ii)
Score Explanation
3
Able to draw a bar chart of percentage of urine produced against the volume l of water
intake.
Axes (A) both axis are labeled with units, uniform scales, independent
variable on horizontal axis. ()
Point (P) All points are correctly plotted. ()
Shape (S) All bars are correctly drawn ().

2 Graph with any two criteria.
1 Graph with any one criteria.
0 No response or wrong response.

1(f)
Score Explanation
3
Able to explain the relationship between the volume of water intake and the
volume of urine produced correctly.

When the volume of water intake is more, the volume of urine produce also more
because less water is reabsorbed

2
Able to explain briefly the relationship between the volume of water intake and volume
of urine produced
1
Able to explain the idea the relationship between the volume of water intake and
volume of urine produced

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4
1(g)
Score Explanation
3
Able to state the definition of urine correctly, based on the following criteria.

C1 waste product (in the form of liquid)
C2 excreted by human
C3 influence by volume of water intake

Urine is a waste product in the form of liquid excreted by human and influent by the
volume of water intake
2 Able to state the definition of urine based one of the two criteria.
1 Able to state the idea of urine

1(h)
Score Explanation
3
Able to predict correctly and explain the prediction based on the following item:

C1 the volume of urine produced
C2 blood osmotic pressure
C3 - reabsorption of water

The volume of urine produced is less than 78 ml because after drinking 5% sodium
chloride solution, the blood osmotic pressure increases , therefore more water is
reabsorbed thus the volume of urine produced is less.

2 Able to predict based on any two criteria.
1 Able to predict based on any one criteria.

1(i)
Score Explanation
3

Able to classify the apparatus and material used in the experiment

Apparatus Materials
Measuring cylinder Plain water
Drinking bottle
Stopwatch

Able to classify all the apparatus and material correctly.

2
Able to classify two apparatus and one material correctly.

1
Able to classify one apparatus and one material correctly.


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5
Question 2 :

Aspect Sample Answer Remarks
Problem statement

Which water sample is most polluted? /
Which area contains water that is most polluted?

3 marks

Aim/objective

To study the level of water pollution in three different water
samples.

Hypothesis
The nearer the area of water sample to the factory/farm, the
higher the level of water pollution.

3 marks

Variables
Manipulative variable: river water samples
Responding variable: time taken for methylene blue solution to
decolourise
Fixed variable: volume of water sample/concerntration of
methylene blue solution

Apparatus and
materials

Apparatus: measuring cylinder, stopwatch, reagent bottle,
collecting cup

Materials : 0.1% methylene blue solution, water samples

All present 3
marks
2 materials
and 3-4 app
2 marks
2 materials
and 2 app 1
mark

Technique used Observe and record the time taken by methylene blue solution to
decolourise

B
Procedure

1. Water sample are collected from three different area by
using collecting cup KP,KMV
2. Three reagent bottles are labelled X,Y and Z and filled with
100 ml of water sample from village X, Y and Z
respectively.-KFV & KMV
3. The tests are run for all the water samples on the same
day-KP, KFV
4. A syringe is used to add 1 ml of 0.1% methylene blue
solution to the base of each the water sample.KP, KFV
5. Make sure the reagent bottles are closed quickly and
placed in the dark cupboard.-KC
6. The stopwatch is started.-KP
7. The bottles are examined at 1 hour intervals- KP, KFV
8. The time taken for the methylene blue to decolourise is
recorded for all the water samples- KRV
9. The results are recorded in the table .KP

8 - 9P 3 m

6 - 7P 2 m

3 - 5P 1 m

3 marks

KP Step
1,3,4,6,7,9
(any 5)
KMV Step 1,2
KRV Step 8,
KFV-
Step2,3,4,7
KC Step 5
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6

END OF MARKING SCHEME
Presentation of
data

Able to draw a complete table to record the relevant data base
on the 3 criteria:
Water samples
Time taken for methylene blue to decolourise
Level of water pollution

Sample Answer

Water sample X Y Z

Time taken for
methylene blue
solution to
decolourise/min

Level of water
pollution

B

Conclusion
Hypothesis is accepted.
The nearer the water sample to the farm/factory, the higher the
level of water pollution /
The nearer the water sample to the farm/factory, the shorter the
time taken for methylene blue to decolourise

Planning
KB061203

Able to state correctly
8 9 aspects (correct) - 3 marks
6 7 aspects (correct) - 2 marks
3 5 aspects (corect) - 1 mark
< 3 - 0 mark

3 marks

Report

Able to state correctly:
presentation of data and
technique.

2 correct - 2 marks
1 correct - 1 mark

2 marks

TOTAL 17 Marks
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