Computer Practice Laboratory II

By eee exclusive author

List of exercises
a) Basic shell commands 1. Display commands 2. File manipulation commands 3. Directory manipulation commands 4. Process commands 5. Grouping commands b) Shell Programs 1. Write shell script for simple shell programming. 2. Write shell script for conditional statements. 3. Write shell script testing and loops statements. 4. Greatest of three numbers 5. Conversion of temperature 6. Checking the number prime or not 7. Raising a number to its power 8. Armstrong number 9. Fibonacci series 10. Factorial of a given number 11. Employee details 12. Multiplication table 13. Menu driven calculator c) Unix C programs
1. Function with no arguments & no return values 2. Function with arguments & return values 3. Dynamic memory allocation 4. Dynamic allocation of a string & print it backwards 5. Binary search using function 6. Factorial in finding ncr using function 7. Cosine values using function 8. Product of matrix using arrays 9. Creation & reading the content of a file 10. Appending content to the file

UNIX COMMANDS

INTRODUCTION TO UNIX UNIX: It is a multi-user operating system. Developed at AT & T Bell Industries, USA in1969. Ken Thomson along with Dennis Ritchie developed it from MULTICS (Multiplexed Information and Computing Service) OS. By 1980, UNIX had been completely rewritten using C language. LINUX: It is similar to UNIX, which is created by Linus Torualds. All UNIX commands works in Linux also and it is available free of cost. The main feature of Linux is coexisting with other OS. STRUCTURE OF A LINUX SYSTEM: It consists of three parts. a) UNIX kernel b) Shells c) Tools and Applications
USERS |

UNIX SYSTEM
| TOOLS AND APPLICATIONS | SHELLS | THE UNIX KERNEL | COMPUTER HARDWARE

UNIX KERNEL: Kernel is the core of the UNIX OS. It controls all tasks, schedule all processes and carries out all the functions of OS. Decides when one program stops and another starts. SHELL: Shell is the command interpreter in the UNIX OS. It accepts command from the user and analyses and interprets them.

1. DISPLAY COMMAND a) date used to check the date and time syn: $ date
Format +%m +%h +%d +%y +%H +%M +%S Purpose To display only month To display month name To display day of month To display last two digits of the year To display hours To display minutes To display seconds Example $ date + % m $ date + % h $ date + % d $ date + % y $ date + % H $ date + % M $ date + % S Result 06 June O1 09 10 45 55

b) cal used to display the calendar syn: $ cal 2 2009 c) echo used to print the message on the screen. Syn: $ echo text d) ls used to list the files. Your files are kept in a directory. Syn: $ ls
ls s ls l ls t ls u ls s ls r ls f All files (include files with . prefix) Long detail (provide file statistics) Order by creation time Sort by access time (or show when last accessed together with l) Order by size Reverse order Mark directories with / ,executable with * , symbolic links with @ , local sockets with = , named pipes (FIFOs) with | ls s Show file size ls h Human Readable, show file size in Kilo Bytes & Mega Bytes (h can be used together with l or -s) ls [a-m]* List all the files whose name begin with alphabets From a to m ls [a]* List all the files whose name begins with a or A

Eg: $ ls > mylist Output of ls command is stored to disk file named my list e) lp used to take printouts syn: $ lp filename f) man used to provide manual help on every UNIX commands.

Syn: $ man unixcommand $ man cat g) who & who am i it displays data about all users who have logged in to the system currently. The next command displays about current user only. Syn: $ who $ who am i h) uptime tells you how long the computer has been running since its last reboot or power-off. Syn: $ uptime i) uname it displays the system information such as hardware platform, system name and processor, OS type. Syn: $ uname a j) hostname displays and set system host name syn: $ hostname k) bc stands for best calcualtor
$ bc 10/2*3 15 Quit $ bc scale =1 2.25+1 3.35 quit $ bc ibase = 2 obase = 16 11010011 89275 1010 Quit $ bc-l scale = 2 s(3.14) 0 $ bc sqrt(196) 14

$ bc for (i=1;i<3;i=i+1)I 1 2 3 Quit

Result: Thus the display commands were executed successfully.

2. FILE MANIPULATION COMMANDS a) cat this create, view and concatenate files. Creation: Syn: $ cat > filename Viewing: Syn: $ cat filename Add text to an existing file: Syn: $ cat >> filename Concatenate: Syn: $ cat file1 file2 > file3 $ cat file1 file2 >> file3 (no overwriting of file3) b) grep used to search a particular word or pattern related to that word from the file. Syn: $ grep searchword filename Eg: $ grep anu student c) rm deletes a file from the file system syn: $ rm filename d) touch used to create a blank file. Syn: $ touch file names e) cp copies the files or directories syn: $ cp source file destination file eg: $ cp student stud f) mv to rename the file or directory syn: $ mv old file new file Eg: $ mv i student student list (-i prompt when overwrite) g) cut it cuts or pick up a given number of character or fields of the file. Syn: $ cut <option> <filename> Eg: $ cut c filename $ cut c 1 -10 emp $ cut f 3,6 emp. $ cut f 3-6 emp -c cutting columns -f cutting fields h) head displays 10 lines from the head (top) of a given file

syn: $ head filename eg: $ head student To display the top two lines: $ head -2 student i) tail displays last 10 lines of the file syn: $ tail filename eg: $ tail student To display the bottom two lines; $ tail -2 student j) chmod used to change the permissions of a file or directory. Syn: $ chmod category operation permission file Where, category is the user type Operation is used to assign or remove permission Permission is the type of permission File are used to assign or remove permission
a) Category ------------b) Operation -------------c) Permission -------------a) u users g group o others a all ------------------b) + assign - remove = assign absolutely -------------------c) r read w write x- execute ------------------------

Examples: $ chmod u-wx student removes write and execute permission for users $ chmod u+rw, g+rw student assigns read and write permission for users and groups $ chmod g=rwx student assigns absolute permission for groups of all read, write and execute permissions

k) wc it counts the number of lines, words, character in a specified file(s) with the options as l, -w, -c syn: $wc l filename $wc w filename $wc c filename Result: Thus the file manipulating commands were executed successfully

3. DIRECTORY COMMANDS a) mkdir used for creating a directory. Syn: $ mkdir <directory name> b) rmdir it is an utility for deleting empty directories. Syn: $ rmdir directory name c) cd changes the current directory of the shell. Syn: $ cd ~ (stores the path to your home directory) $ cd.. (changes to parent directory) $ cd d) pwd (Print Working Directory) shows the current directory. Syn: $ pwd

Result: Thus the directory commands were executed successfully

4. PROCESS COMMANDS a) exit terminates a process syn: $ exit b) kill terminates or send a signal to process syn: $ kill c) passwd create or change a password syn: $ passwd d) telnet connect to remote machine using the telnet protocol syn: $ telnet

Result: Thus the process commands were executed successfully.

5. GROUPING COMMANDS a) The semicolon (;) - used ot execute more than one command at a time eg: $ who ; date ; ls b) The && operator signifies the logical AND operation. It means that only if first command is successfully executed, then the nest command will be executed. Eg: $ ls marks && date c) The || operator signifies the logical OR operation. It means the first command will happen to be unsuccessful, it will continue to execute next command. Eg: $ ls marks || date

Result: Thus the grouping commands were executed successfully

UNIX EDITOR AIM: To study the UNIX editor vi and EMACS CONCEPT: Editor is a program that allows user to see a portions a file on the screen and modify characters and lines by simply typing at the current position. UNIX supports variety of Editors. They are: ed ex vi EMACS vi - vi is stands for visual. vi is the most important and powerful editor. vi is a full screen editor that allows user to view and edit entire document at the same time. vi editor was written in the University of California, at Berkley by Bill Joy, who is one of the co-founder of Sun Microsystems. Features of vi: It is easy to learn and has more powerful features. It works in great speed and is case sensitive. vi has powerful undo functions and has 3 modes: command mode insert mode Escape or ex mode In command mode, no text is displayed on the screen. In Insert mode, it permits user to edit insert or replace text. In escape mode, it displays commands at command line. Moving the cursor with the help of h,l,k,j,I,etc EMACS Editor Motion Commands: M -> Move to end of file M -< Move to beginning of file C -v Move forward a screen M -v Move backward a screen C -n Move to next line C -p Move to previous line C -a Move to the beginning of the line C -e Move to the end of the line C -f Move forward a character

C -b Move backward a character M -f Move forward a word M -b Move backward a word EMACS help system command options A List all commands matching the specified word. B List all key mappings. C Describe any key sequence pressed. F Describe the specified function I Start up the info browser K Fully describe the result of a particular key sequence L Show the last 100 characters you typed M Describe the current mode you are in S List a command syntax table. T Start a EMACS tutorial V Define and describe the specified variable W Indicate what keystroke invokes a particular function C -c EMACS copyright and distribution information C -d EMACS ordering information C -n Recent EMACS changes C -w EMACS warranty Deletion Commands: DEL delete the previous character C -d delete the current character M -DEL delete the previous word M -d delete the next word C -x DEL delete the previous sentence M -k delete the rest of the current sentence C -k delete the rest of the current line C-x u undo the last edit change Search and Replace in EMACS: y Change the occurence of the pattern n Dont change the occurence, but look for the other q Dont change. Leave query replace completely ! Change this occurence and all others in the file

Result: Thus the basic commands of EMACS are studied.

SHELL PROGRAMMING

6. GREATEST OF 3 NUMBERS AIM: To write a program to find the greatest of three numbers. ALGORITHM: STEP 1: Start the program. STEP 2: Enter any three numbers. STEP 3: Read the values as a, b and c. STEP 4: If a greater than b and greater than c, print the value of a as the greatest number. STEP 5: Else if b is greater than c, print the value of b as greatest number. STEP 6: Else print the value of c as the greatest number. STEP 7: Stop the program.

Program for Greatest of 3 Number

echo greatest of 3 numbers echo enter the numbers read a read b read c if test $a -gt $b -a $a -gt $c then echo $a is greater elif test $b -gt $c then echo $b is greater else echo $c is greater fi

OUTPUT greast of 3 numbers enter the numbers 25 65 80 c is greater

RESULT: Thus Shell program is executed and output is verified successfully.

7. Conversion between different temperature scales

AIM: To Conversion between different temperature scales using shell program ALGORITHM: STEP 1: Start the program STEP 2: Input the choice as 1 or 2 STEP 3: Is choice is 1 then goto step4 otherwise goto step 7 STEP 4: Input temperature in Celsius STEP 5: Calculate Fahrenheit F =((9/5)*c) +32 STEP 6: Print Fahrenheit F and goto step 10 STEP 7: Input temperature in Fahrenheit STEP 8: Calculate Celsius C=((5/9)*(f-32)) STEP 9: Print Celsius C STEP 10: Stop the program

Program for Conversion between different temperature scales

echo Converting between different temperature scales echo 1. Convert Celsius into Farenheit echo 2. Convert Farenheit into Celsius echo Select your choice (1 or 2) : read choice if [ $choice eq 1 ] then echo Enter the Celsius temperature C : read tc tf=$( echo scale=2; (( 9 / 5 ) * $tc ) + 32 | bc ) echo $tc C = $tf F elif [ $choice eq 2 ] echo Enter the Farenheit temperature F : read tf tc=$( echo scale=2; ( 5 / 9 ) * ( $tf 32 ) | bc ) echo $tf F = $tc C else echo Please select 1 or 2 exit 1 fi

output:
Converting between different temperature scales 1. Convert Celsius into Farenheit 2. Convert Farenheit into Celsius Select your choice (1 or 2) : Enter the Celsius temperature C : 37 37 C=98.60F Converting between different temperature scales 1. Convert Celsius into Farenheit 2. Convert Farenheit into Celsius Select your choice (1 or 2) : Enter the Farenheit temperature F : 100 100 F=37.40 C

RESULT: Thus Shell program is executed and output is verified successfully.

8. CHECKING PRIME NUMBERS AIM: To write a program to find number is prime or not. ALGORITHM: STEP 1: Start the program STEP 2: Input number n STEP 3: Assign i=2, j=o STEP 4: Is i<n then r=n%i. otherwise go to step 8 STEP 5: Is r=0 then increment I and j value by i. otherwise go to step 6 STEP 6: Increment I value by one STEP 7: Is j=0 then print number is prime and go to step 10 STEP 8: Is j!=0 then print number is not a prime number STEP 9: Stop the program

Program for identify number is Prime or not

echo Enter a number read n i=2 j=0 while test $i le $n do r=$(( $n % $i )) if test $r eq 0 then j=$(( $j + 1 )) fi i=$(( $i + 1 )) done if test $j eq 0 then echo Number is Prime else echo Number is Not Prime fi OUTPUT Enter a number 10 Number is Not a prime Enter a number 5 Number is a prime

RESULT: Thus Shell program is executed and output is verified successfully.

9. Raising number to a power

AIM: To find the value of one number raised to the power of another using shell Program ALGORITHM: STEP 1: Start the program STEP 2: Input number and power values STEP 3: Assign i=1 and product=1 STEP 4: If i<power then calculate product=product* number and increment I value by 1. STEP 5: Repeat step 4 STEP 6: Print the result STEP 7: Stop the program

Program for Raising number to a power

echo Enter the number read n echo Enter the power read pow i=1 prod=1 while test $i le $pow do prod=$(( $prod * $n )) i=$(( $i + 1 )) done echo $n is raised to $pow = $prod

Output Enter the number 4 Enter the power 2 4 raised to 2=16

RESULT: Thus Shell program is executed and output is verified successfully.

10. ARMSTRONG NUMBERS BETWEEN 1 TO 500 AIM: To write a program to find the Armstrong numbers between 1 to 500. ALGORITHM: STEP 1: Start the program. STEP 2: When I equal to 0 and less than or equal to 500, calculate increment value of i. STEP 3: Assign value of I to temp and n. STEP 4: Assign value of ams equal to zero. STEP 5: When n not equal to zero calculate d equal to n modulus 10, ams equal to product of ams and cube of d. Then find n equal to n divided by 10. STEP 6: If temp equal to ams then print the value of ams. STEP 7: Thus for each value of I, values of ams is printed. STEP 8: Stop the program.

Program for Armstrong Number Between 1 to 500

echo Armstrong numbers between 1 to 500 i=0 while test $i le 500 do i=$(( $i + 1 )) temp=$i n=$i ams=0 while test $n -ne 0 do d=$(( $n % 10 )) ams=$(( $ams + $d * $d * $d )) n=$(( $n / 10 )) done if test $temp -eq $ams then echo $ams fi done OUTPUT ARMSTRONG NUMBERS BETWEEN 1 TO 500 1 153 370 371 407

RESULT: Thus Shell program is executed and output is verified successfully.

11. FIBONACCI SERIES AIM: To generate Fibonacci series. ALGORITHM: STEP 1: Start STEP 2: Get the value s from the user STEP 3: Assign a=0,b=1 and print a,b values STEP 4: Assign i=2 STEP 5: If i<n then goto step 6 otherwise goto step 9 STEP 6: Calculate c=a+b,i=i+1 and assign a=b, b=c STEP 7: Print the value of c STEP 8: Repeat the value of c. STEP 9: Stop the program

Program for Fibnacci Series

echo Program to generate Fibonacci series echo Enter the range to be displayed read n a=0 b=1 echo Fibonacci series echo $a echo $b i=2 while test $i -lt $n do c=$(( $a + $b )) echo $c i=$(( $i + 1 )) a=$b b=$c done OUTPUT Program to generate Fibonacci series Enter the range to be displayed:3 0 1 1

RESULT: Thus Shell program is executed and output is verified successfully.

12. Factorial of a given number AIM: To calculate factorial of a given number using shell program ALGORITHM: STEP 1: Start the program STEP 2: Input number n STEP 3: Initialize the value of I and factorial f to 1 STEP 4: Is the value of I less than the number find the value of factorial by multiplying i and f. STEP 5: Increment the value of i by 1 STEP 6: Print the result STEP 7: Stop the program

Program for Factorial of a given number

echo Enter a number to find its factorial read n i=1 f=1 if test $n eq 0 then echo Factorial is 1 while test $i le $n do f=$(( $f * $i )) i=$(( $i + 1 )) done echo Factorial is $f fi

Output Enter a number to find its factorial 5 Factorial is 120

RESULT: Thus Shell program is executed and output is verified successfully.

13. EMPLOYEE DETAILS AIM: To write a program to display the employee details. ALGORITHM: STEP 1: Start the program STEP 2: Read the number of employees. STEP 3: Using while loop get the employee details as empno, ename, bsal. STEP 4: For the given bsalary using ifelse statement get the hra, da, ta. STEP 5: Calculate the salary STEP 6: Display the employee details STEP 7: Stop the program.

Program for Employee Details

echo Enter the number of employees read n i=1 while $i le $n do echo Enter the Employee ID Number read eno echo Enter the Employee name read ename echo Enter the employees basic salary read bsal if test $bsal -ge 10000 then hra=1000 da=700 ta=500 elif test $bsal -lt 10000 -a $bsal -ge 5000 then hra=750 da=500 ta=350 elif test $bsal -lt 5000 -a $bsal -ge 3000 then hra=500 da=300 ta=200 else hra=300 da=200 ta=100 fi netsal=$(( $hra + $da + $ta + $bsal )) echo -----------------------------echo PAY SLIP OF $ename

echo -----------------------------echo Empname = $ename echo Empno = $eno echo basicpay = $bsal echo HRA = $hra echo TA = $ta echo DA = $da echo Netpay = $netsal done .

OUTPUT Enter the number of employees 1 Enter the Employee ID Number 1234 Enter the Employee name Mr.V.ArunKumar Enter the employees basic salary 12000 -----------------------------PAY SLIP OF Mr.V.ArunKumar -----------------------------Empname = Mr.V.ArunKumar Empno = 1234 basicpay = 12000 HRA = 1000 TA = 500 DA = 700 Netpay = 14200

RESULT: Thus Shell program is executed and output is verified successfully.

4. MULTIPLICATION TABLE AIM: To generate multiplication table using shell program ALGORITHM: STEP 1: Start the program STEP 2: Input number n STEP 3: If i<10 then m=n*i STEP 4: Print the value of I,n and m in multiplication table format STEP 5: Increment the value of i. STEP 6: Stop the program.

Program for Multiplication Table

echo Enter the number read n for i in 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 do m=$(( $n * $i )) echo $i * $n = $m done OUTPUT Enter the number 2 1*2=2 2*2=4 3*2=6 4*2=8 5*2=10 6*2=12 7*2=14 8*2=16 9*2=18 10*2=20

RESULT: Thus Shell program is executed and output is verified successfully.

15. MENU DRIVEN CALCULATOR AIM: To write a program to display the menu driven calculator. ALGORITHM: STEP 1: Start the program. STEP 2: Read the option and operators a,b STEP 3: Evaluate the expression based on the user option a) If operator is + then result is a+b b) If operator is - then result is a-b c) If operator is x or X then result is a*b d) If operator is / then result is a/b STEP 4: Print the result. STEP 5: Stop the program
Program for Menu Driven Calculator(Arithmetic Operators) echo Menu echo 1. Addition echo 2. Subtraction echo 3. Multiplication echo 4. Division echo 5. Exit echo Enter the choice read n case $n in 1) echo Enter the two numbers read a read b c=$(( $a + $b )) echo Addition of $a and $b is $c ;; 2) echo Enter the two numbers read a read b c=$(( $a - $b )) echo Subtraction of $a and $b is $c ;; 3) echo Enter the two numbers read a read b c=$(( $a * $b )) echo Multiplication of $a and $b is $c ;; 4) echo Enter the two numbers

read a read b c=$(( $a / $b )) echo Division of $a and $b is $c ;; *) echo Wrong Selection ;; esac

OUTPUT Menu 1. Addition 2. Subtraction 3. Multiplication 4. Division 5. Exit Enter the choice 1 Enter the two numbers 20 25 Addition of 20 and 25 is 45

RESULT: Thus Shell program is executed and output is verified successfully.

.

C PROGRAMMING
.

16. FUNCTION WITH NO ARGUMENTS AND NO RETURN VALUES

Program: #include<stdio.h> int sum(void); main() { sum(); } int sum(void) { int num1, num2, num3; printf(Enter two numbers: \n); scanf(%d%d, &num1, &num2); num3=num1+num2; printf(Summation of %d and %d is %d \n, num1, num2, num3); }

OUTPUT FOR FUNCTION NO ARGUMENTS AND NO RETURN VALUES Enter two numbers: 10 20 Summation of 10 and 20 is 30
.

17. FUNCTION WITH ARGUMENTS AND RETURN VALUES

Program: #include<stdio.h> #include<conio.h> int largest(int, int); void main() { int a,b,big; printf(Enter two numbers : \n); scanf(%d%d, &a, &b); big=largest(a,b); printf(Largest Element = %d, big);

} int largest(int a1, int b1) { if(a1>b1) return a1; else return b1; } OUTPUT FOR FUNCTION ARGUMENTS AND RETURN VALUES Enter two numbers 15 25 Largest Element = 25

18. DYNAMIC ALLOCATION OF MEMORY

Program: #include<stdio.h> main() { int *p; p=(int *)malloc(sizeof(int)); if(p==0) { printf( ERROR : Out of Memory \n); return 1; } *p=5; printf(Value of P = %d \n, *p); printf(Address of P = %d \n, p); free(p); return 0; } OUTPUT FOR DYNAMIC ALLOCATION OF MEMORY Value of P = 5 Address of P =134518200
.

19. ALLOCATE SPACE FOR A STRING DYNAMICALLY AND PRINT THE STRING BACKWARDS

Program: #include<stdio.h> #include<string.h> int main() { char *s; register int i; s=malloc(80); if(!s) { printf(Memory request failed................. \n); exit(1); } gets(s); for(i=strlen(s)-1; i>=0; i--) putchar(s[i]); free(s); return 0; } OUTPUT FOR ALLOCATE SPACE FOR A STRING DYNAMICALLY
AND PRINT THE STRING BACKWARDS

Hai iaH

20. BINARY SEARCH USING FUNCTION

Program: #include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> int main() { int bsearch(int x[],int n,int s); int x[20],i,n,s; printf("How many numbers?");

scanf("%d",&n); printf("Enter all numbers in the list"); for(i=0;i<n;i++) scanf("%d",&x[i]); printf("Enter the number to be searched:"); scanf("%d",&s); if(bsearch(x,n,s)) printf("The number %d is present in the list",s); else printf("The number %d is not present in the list",s); return 0; } int bsearch(int x[],int n, int s) { int i,j,flag=0,start,mid,end; start=0; end=n; while(start < end && flag==0) { mid = (start + end)/2; if(x[mid] >s) end = mid; else if(x[mid]<s) start = mid+1; else } flag=1; return(flag); }

OUTPUT FOR BINARY SEARCH

How many numbers? 10 Enter all the numbers in the list 8 15 23 25 36 45 50 62 65

78 Enter the number to be searched: 36 The number 36 is present in the list Enter the number to be searched: 42 The number 42 is not present in the list
.

21. FACTORIAL IN FINDING ncr USING

FUNCTION
Program: #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> int main() { int fact(int k); int n,r,ncr; printf("\n Enter value to n and r:"); scanf("%d %d", &n,&r); ncr=fact(n)/(fact(r)*fact(n-r)); printf("\n Value of ncr = %d",ncr); } int fact(int k) { int i, p=1; for(i=1;i<=k;i++) p=p*i; return(p); }

OUTPUT FOR FACTORIAL IN FINDING ncr

Enter the values of n and r: 5 3 Value of ncr = 10 Enter the values of n and r: 10 5 Value of ncr = 252
.

22. COSINE SERIES USING FUNCTION

Program: #include<stdio.h> #include<math.h> int main()

{ float cosine(float x); float x=0; printf("\n x in degrees cos(x) "); while (x<=180) { printf("\n \t %6.0f %6.2f", x,cosine(x)); x=x+30; } return 0; } float cosine(float x) { float s, term; int i,k; x=x*3.14/180; s=0; term=1; i=0; for(k=1;k<=15;k++) { s=s+term; term=term*x*x*(-1) / ((i+1) * (i+2)); i=i+2; } return(s); }
.

OUTPUT FOR COSINE SERIES

----------------------------------------------------------------------

x in degrees cos(x)
---------------------------------------------------------------------0 1.0 30 0.87 60 0.50 90 0.00 120 -0.50 150 -0.87 180 -1.00 ------------------------------------------------------------------.

23. PRODUCT OF MATRIX USING ARRAYS

Program:
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> int main() { int *a[10],*b[10], *c[10], m,n,l,i,k,j; for(i=0;i<10;i++) { a[i] = (int *) calloc (10,sizeof(int)); b[i] = (int *) calloc (10,sizeof(int)); c[i] = (int *) calloc (10,sizeof(int)); } printf("\nFor A matrix"); printf("\nHow many rows and columns ?"); scanf("%d %d", &m,&n); printf("\nEnter A matrix values"); for(i=0; i<m; i++) { for(j=0; j<n; j++) scanf("%d",(*(a+i)+j)); } printf("\nFor B matrix"); printf("\nHow many rows and columns ?"); scanf("%d %d", &n,&l); printf("\nEnter B matrix values"); for(i=0;i<n;i++) for(j=0;j<l;j++) scanf("%d", (*(b+i)+j)); for(i=0;i<m;i++) for(j=0;j<l;j++) { *(*(c+i)+j)=0; for(k=0;k<n;k++) *(*(c+i)+j) = *(*(c+i)+j) + *(*(a+i)+k) * * (*(b+k)+j); } printf("\n Resultant matrix is\n"); for(i=0;i<m;i++) { for(j=0;j<l;j++) printf("%6d", *(*(c+i)+j)); printf("\n"); } return 0; }

OUTPUT FOR PRODUCT OF A MATRIX

For A matrix How many rows and columns ? 3 3 Enter A matrix values 3 2 1 -2 0 4 3 2 -1 For B matrix How many rows and columns? 3 3 Enter B matrix values 6 4 -1 2 1 2 4 -5 4 Resultant Matrix is 26 9 5 4 -28 18 18 19 -3
.

24. CREATION & READING THE CONTENT

OF A FILE
Program: #include<stdio.h> #include<ctype.h> struct emp { int eno; char ename[20]; float bpay; }; FILE *efile; int main() { struct emp erec; int n,i; efile = fopen("EMPLOY.DAT", "w"); printf("\nEnter the number of employees:"); scanf("%d",&n); for(i=1;i<=n;i++)

{ printf("\nEnter the %d employee details",i); printf("\nEnter the employee number"); scanf("%d",&erec.eno); printf("Employee Name"); scanf("%s",erec.ename); printf("Basicpay"); scanf("%f",&erec.bpay); fwrite(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,efile); } fclose(efile); printf("\nAfter adding content to the file"); efile=fopen("EMPLOY.DAT","r"); printf("\n--------------------------------------------------"); printf("\n Emp.no Employee name Basic Pay"); printf("\n --------------------------------------------------\n"); fread(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,efile); while (!feof(efile)) { printf("\n %d \t %-20s %0.2f",erec.eno,erec.ename,erec.bpay); fread(&erec, sizeof(erec),1,efile); } printf("\n --------------------------------------------------"); fclose(efile); return 0; }.

OUTPUT FOR CREATION OF A FILE

Enter the number of Employees: 2 Enter the 1 employee details : Enter the Employee number: 101 Employee name: xxxx Basic Pay: 65433.4 Enter the 2 employee details : Enter the Employee number: 102 Employee name: yyyy Basic Pay: 7000 After adding content to the file ----------------------------------------------------------Emp.no Employee name Basic Pay ---------------------------------------------------------101 xxxx 65433.4 102 yyyy 7000.0

----------------------------------------------------------

25.APPENDING A RECORD TO THE FILE

Program:

#include<stdio.h> #include<ctype.h> struct emp { int eno; char ename[20]; float bpay; }; FILE *efile; int main() { struct emp erec; efile = fopen("EMPLOY.DAT", "a"); printf("\nEnter the Employee number"); scanf("%d",&erec.eno); printf("Employee Name"); scanf("%s",erec.ename); printf("Basicpay"); scanf("%f",&erec.bpay); fwrite(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,efile); fclose(efile); printf(" After Appending the content of file"); efile=fopen("EMPLOY.DAT","r"); printf("\n--------------------------------------------------"); printf("\n Emp.no Employee name Basic Pay"); printf("\n --------------------------------------------------"); fread(&erec,sizeof(erec),1,efile); while (!feof(efile)) { printf("\n %d \t %-20s %0.2f",erec.eno,erec.ename,erec.bpay); fread(&erec, sizeof(erec),1,efile); } printf("\n --------------------------------------------------\n"); fclose(efile); return 0; }

OUTPUT FOR APPENDING A RECORD TO THE FILE

Enter the Employee number: 103 Employee name: zzzz Basic Pay: 12000 After Appending the content of file ----------------------------------------------------------Emp.no Employee name Basic Pay ---------------------------------------------------------101 xxxx 65433.4 102 yyyy 7000.0 103 zzzz 12000.0 ---------------------------------------------------------