Overview of Indian FBR Programme

P.Chellapandi Director,ReactorDesignGroup IndiraGandhiCentreforAtomicResearch,Kalpakkam

InternationalWorkshoponPreventionandMitigationofSevere AccidentsinSFR,Tsuruga,Japan,1113June2012

Role of Nuclear for Energy Security of Nation

6000 P e r C a p it a G e n e r a t io n ( k W h )

12000

kWh / a

10000 8000 6000 4000 2000 0

Indices of socioeconomic development like literacy, longevity, GDP and human development are directly dependent upon the per capita energy consumption of a country.

5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 613 1000 0 2002 2012 2022 2032 2042 1620 2454 3699

5305

700
NORTH WESTERN AMERICA EUROPE WORLD AVERAGE

INDIA

2052

(BTCE)

Indias Nuclear Roadmap

PHWRs from indigenous Uranium PHWRs from imported Uranium Imported LWR to the max. extent of 40 GW(e) PHWRs from spent enriched U from LWRs (undersafeguard) FBRs from reprocessed Pu and U from PHWR FBRs from reprocessed Pu and U from LWR (undersafeguard) U-233-Thorium Thermal / Fast Reactors
70000 60000 50000 40000 30000 20000 10000 0 2010 2012 2017 2022 2032
Nuclear Power Capacity Projection (in MWe)

India has indigenous nuclear power program (4780 MW out of 20 reactors) and expects to have 20,000 MWe nuclear capacity on line by 2020 and 63,000 MWe by 2032. Foreign technology and fuel are expected to enhance India's nuclear power plans considerably. All plants will have high indigenous engineering content. India has a vision of becoming a world leader in nuclear technology due to its expertise in fast reactors and thorium fuel cycle.

With fast breeders & thorium utilisation, much higher targets can be met in a sustainable manner
600
Ref: Evolving Indian Nuclear Programme: Rationale and Perspectives, Lecture by Dr Anil Kakodkar at the Indian Academy of Sciences, Bangalore on 04-07-2008 (Available on http://www.dae.gov.in/lecture.htm)

U-Pu & Th-Pu FBRs + Th-U233 reactors

50000 t NU PHWR Pu, U FR (Pu-U) Pu FR (Pu-Th) 233 Th U MSR

Installed capacity (GWe)

500

400

Further growth with thorium Growth with Pu-U FBRs Power profile of PHWR programme
1980 1995 2010 2025 2040 2055 2070

300

200

U-Pu FBRs
PHWR Pu, U FR (Pu-U) 50000 t NU

100

Year

Results of a typical case study

FBR Programme in India

Indigenous Design & Construction Comprehensiveness in development of Design, R&D and Construction Synthesis of Operating Experiences Synthesis of Emerging Concepts (Ex.GENIV) Focus on National & International Collaborations Emphasis on high quality human resources Creation of environment for enabling innovations to ehance safety of SFRs
FBTR
40 MWt 13.5 MWe Loop type PuC UC Design: CEA Since 1985 PFBR 1250 MWt 500 MWe Pool Type UO2-PuO2 Indigenous From 2013.. Future FBR 1000 MWe Pool Type Metallic fuel Serial constr. Indegenous Beyond 2025

CFBR 500 MWe Pool Type UO2-PuO2 3 twin units Indigenous From 2023

MFTR(120MWe)

FBR Fuel Cycle

Fast Reactor Fuel Cycle Facility (FRFCF)

Co-located facility with all facilities for recycling the fuel from PFBR, including fuel fabrication, assembly, reprocessing and waste management. Layout is planned in such a way that future expansion is possible to cater the needs of two more 500 MWe FBRs, to be built at Kalpakkam
PFBR

CFBR

FRFCF

FBTR today
FBTR,inoperationsince1985,istest bedforFRfuels&materials. Ithascompleted18irradiation campaigns. Itsuniquecarbidefuelhassetanint. recordinburnup(165GWd/t) PFBRtestfueliscompleted irradiationatFBTRandseen112 GWd/tburnup. Performanceofsodiumsystemsforthepast26yearshasbeenexcellent. Steamgeneratorshaveperformedwithoutasingleleakincident

25 GWd/t BURN-UP

50 GWd/t BURN-UP

100 GWd/t BURN-UP

154 GWd/t BURN-UP

Current Status of PFBR Project

To commission next year

Safety vessel

Main vessel

Thermal baffles

Grid plate

Inner vessel

Roof slab

AuthorizationforPFBRConstruction
AERB
PROJECTDESIGN SAFETYCOMMITTEE CIVILENGINEERING DESIGNSAFETYCOMMITTEE

IGCAR/BHAVINI

INTERNAL SAFETY COMMITTEE WORKING GROUPS SPECIALIST GROUPS

ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR PROJECT SAFETY REVIEW

AERBBOARD
CONSENTFOR CONSTRUCTION

Apart from safety, Review covered manufacturing and erection aspects (in view of first-of-kind project) Based on the review experiences, safety criteria for future FBRs revised and under review by regulators

Design Evolutions: PFBR to CFBR

Box to plate concept

Four to eight primary pipes

Cone with torus to single torus

Embedded Safety vessel

Large plenum to smaller plenum Bolted structure to welded structure

Elimination of Inclined fuel transfer machine

Material inventory reduction~ 25% , Simplified fuel handling scheme, Reduced manufacture time, Enhanced safety

Effective Manufacturing and Erection Sequences of RA

Reactor Assembly and Civil Construction of reactor vault along with safety vessel are constructed in parallel in matching time schedule so that Reactor Assembly will be erected without any time delay Subsequently other reactor internals (kept ready) will be introduced from Site Assembly Shop

Completion time for Reactor Assembly: PFBR ~5 y and ~ 3 y for CFBR Scheme arrived at jointly in consultation with Industries

ImprovingOverallProjectSchedule
FBR sites likely in coastal areas Possibility exists to manufacture the entire RA components as a factory-made single package item Would help in elimination of associated problems in achieving close tolerances at interfaces between the components Site assembly shop approach for the land based nodal industry Western coastal based industries Kalpakkam (Plant site)

Human Resource Management

Attracting&EmpoweringYoungTalent
TrainingSchools atIGCAR,BARC, etc Homi Bhabha NationalInstitute

Project Students

Human Resource Graduates from Management Collaborations Training School Research Scholars & Visiting Scientists

InterUniversity ConsortiumDAE Facilities

Summary
FBR
with closed fuel cycle is an inevitable technology option for providing energy security for India has provided substantial and valuable operating and maintenance experience of SFR systems is a techno-economic demonstrator and a fore runner in the series of FBRs planned PFBR, six 500 MWe (3 twin) units and 120 MWt metallic fast test reactor would be commissioned by 2020 for large scale deployment of SFR and systematic introduction of metallic fuelled reactors with emphasis on breeding gain and co-located fuel cycle facilities & high quality scientific human resource development

FBTR

PFBR

Beyond

Roadmap

Emphasis on scientific innovations / breakthroughs and

FastReactorsforEnergySecurity