POM M3 CORONARY ANGIOGRAPHY Immediate Uses catheter through the veins Invavsive type

i. ii. iii. iv. v. TETRALOGY OF FALLOT 1. 2. 3. 4.

Hypoxia Infection Stress and trauma Hypertension Ischemia

2D ECHO Valvular problems (stenosis) Check the flow Indicated for ASD, VSD, cardiac failures Determine ejection fraction (amount of blood ejected by the ventricles during systole) Contraindications: o o Bleeding disorders High risk of embolism Sedentary obese

Overriding of aorta VSD Pulmonary stenosis ?

CHECK FOR THESE MEDICATIONS: 1. HPN a. CALCIUM CHANNEL BLOCKERS Relaxes heart Amlodipine Felodipine Nefedipine

Femoral artery is very accessible

CONGENITAL DEFECTS A left to right shunt There is no cyanosis There is mixture of oxygenated blood with deoxygenated blood VSD ventricular septal defect b.

BETA BLOCKERS Decreases heart rate Metoprolol Propenolol

ASD arterial septal defect Atenolol PDA patent ductus arteriosus c. DIEURETICS Decreases preload (water content) Decreases blood pressure Caused by tonsillitis Ferosimide subacute endocarditis Hydrochlorthramide i. ii. give prophylaxis penicillin (broad spectrum), bacampicillin, ampicillin Angiotensin Receptor Blockers relaxes blood vessels Angiotensin is a potent vasoconstrictor RESPIRATORY TRACHEA o Starts at the area of C6 and ends where it bifurcates at the angle of louise

ACQUIRED DEFECTS 1. RHEUMATIC HEART DISEASE

2.

ARRHYTHMIAS Arterial fibrillation Tachycardia Often caused by:

CARINA o Bifurcation located at the angle of louise or at T4-T5

RIGHT BRANCH o More vertical, wider, shorter

LEFT BRANCH o More horizontal, narrower, longer

TRACHEALIS MUSCLE o Found at the back of the thrachea

-Rosette Go 081410