MECE

3301 Thermodynamics Fall 2013 HOMEWORK ASSIGNMENT #4 Due Friday, October 4, 2013 Borgnakke and Sonntag Borgnakke and Sonntag
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o its temperature raised 20oC in a wo kg water at 120 C with a quality of 25% has Two kg water at 120 C with a quality of 25% has its temperature raised 20oC in a onstant volume process as in Fig. P3.95. What are the transfer work in heat transfer and work in constant volume process as heat in Fig. P3.95. and What are the e process? the process?
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3.95

olution: Solution: .V. Water. This is a control C.V. massWater. This is a control mass Eq.: nergy Eq.: m (u2  u1 ) =Energy W2 m (u2  u1 ) = 1Q2  1W2 1Q2  1
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rocess :

V = constant Process : 1W2 =

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V = constant 1W2 =
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P dV = 0

P dV = 0
Borgnakke and Sonntag

tate 1:

State 1: T, x1 from Table B.1.1

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T, x1 from Table B.1.1

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3.130
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tate 2:

We want to find the change u for carbon dioxide between 600 m K3/ and v1 = vf + x1 vfg in = 0.00106 + 0.25 u 0.8908 = 0.22376 kg 1200 K. v1 = vf + x1 vfg = 0.00106 + 0.25 u 0.8908 = 0.22376 m3/kg a) Find a1constant Cvo from table A.5 = 1009.92 kJ/kg u1it =from uf + x ufg = 503.48 + 0.25 u 2025.76 u1 = uf + x1 ufg = 503.48 + 0.25 u 2025.76 = 1009.92 kJ/kg 3 equation in A.6 at the average T. it from a Cvo evaluated from State 2: b) Find T2 3, v2 = v1< vg2 = 0.50885 m /kg so two-phase m / kg so two-phase T2, v2 = v1< vg2 = 0.50885 c) Find it from the values of u listed in table A.8
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x2 = v = = 0.43855 v 2 - vf2 0.22376 Solution -: 0.00108 Borgnakke and Sonntag 0.50777 fg2 x2 = v = = 0.43855 0.50777 fg2 a) 'u # C 'T = 0.653 kJ/kg-K ! (1200 600) K = 391.8 kJ/kg
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v2 - vf2
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0.22376 - 0.00108

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u2 = uf23.239 + x2 ufg2 = 588.72 + x2 u1961.3 1 = 1448.84 kJ/kg T 900 From the energy equation b) Tavg = (1200 = 900, = quality. = This = 0.9 is contains 2 kg + of600) R-410A at 0qC, T 30% system 2 1000 1000 rom the energy equation A spherical balloon Q2 = m(u  u1 ) = 2 kg u (1448.84 1009.92) kJ/kg = it 877.8 kJ 2 the heated until the1pressure in balloon reaches 1 MPa. For this process, can be 2 3 u the (1448.84 1009.92) kJ/kg = 877.8 kJ assumed that pressure in the balloon is directly proportional 1Q2 = m(u2  u 1) = 2 kg C = 0.45 + 1.67 ! 0.9 - 1.27 ! 0.9 + 0.39to !the 0.9balloon = 1.2086 kJ/kg K
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u2 = uf2 + x2 ufg2 = 588.72 + x2 u1961.3 = 1448.84 kJ/kg vo

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361.3 198.5

diameter. How does pressure vary with volume and is the heat transfer for the Twhat C.P. CP Cpo R = 1.2086 0.1889 =C.P. 1.0197 kJ/kg Kand Sonntag vo = process? Borgnakke P C.P. T C.P.! (1200 600) = 611.8 kJ/kg Solution: 'u = 1.0197 C.V. R-410A which isC a control mass. 140 4.93 361.3 140 T heat cold o m = m = m ;used to 2 500 kPa, 300 C isC water at 15oC to 75oC for domestic 120 140 C Steam at c) 120 'u =1 996.64 392.72 = 603.92 kJ/kg 198.5 140 hot water How muchm(u steam per kg liquid water is needed if the steam T supply. Energy Eq.3.5: 2-u 1) = 1Q 2 - 1W 2 120 C
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po

120 should not condense?

State 1: 0qC, x = 0.3. Table P1 = 798.7 kPa v u B.4.1 gives

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testing or instructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses for which this textbook has been (sat) line energy has the sameof heat butthat it goes out by Sections 107 or 108 adopted.Steam Any other reproduction or translation this transfer work beyond permitted om this work may be reproduced by instructors for distribution on a not-for-profit for . without . basis . owner .u is of the 1976 United States Copyright Act permission of the copyright vf = 0.000877, vfg the =.0.02508 m3 /kg, uf = 68.02, =unlawful. 187.18 kJ/kg nstructional purposes only to students enrolled in courses textbook been Q = m fg (h h ) Steam Energy Eq.: for m which h this =Q + m hash
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Solution: v= 0.000855 + 0.3 u 0.03182 = 0.01040 v1 m /kg v C.V. Each line separately. No work but there is u 0.3! 195.95 = 115.86 kJ/kg heat transfer out of the steam flow u = 57.07 + 1200flow. 1 liquid water and into the .D3 => . PV.-1/3 = constant, . polytropic . n = -1/3. Process: P v D, V vm Water line energy Eq.: liqhi + Q = mliqhe Q = mliq(he hi) 3 3 V2look = mv = V1 ( B.1.1 P2 /P1 ) = mv1 ( P2 /P1 ) For the liquid=> water in 2 Table 'h= = (hP hi = 62.98 = 250.93 u 3 T kJ/kg liq e /P v v600 )3313.91 = 0.01040 u (1000 / 798.7) = 0.02041 m3/kg 2 1 2 1 ( # Cp 'T = 4.18 (75 15) = 250.8 kJ/kg ) = 1 MPa, process : v = 0.02041 o Table B.4.2, T2 = 7.25 qC State 2: P 600 300 Excerpts from this work may be reproduced by instructors for 1200 distribution on a not-for-profit basis for 2 2
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MECE 3301 Thermodynamics Borgnakke and F all 2013 Sonntag

4.97 A two fluid heat exchanger has 2 kg/s liquid ammonia at 20oC, 1003 kPa entering state 3 and exiting at state 4. It is heated by a flow of 1 kg/s nitrogen at 1500 K, state 1, leaving at 600 K, state 2 similar to Fig. P4.95. Find the total rate of heat transfer inside the heat exchanger. Sketch the temperature versus distance for the ammonia and find state 4 (T, v) of the ammonia. Borgnakke and Sonntag Solution: . . 4.98 CV: flow line, steady rates flow, Q out andair Wat = 500 0 K flows into one In a Nitrogen co-flowing (same direction) heatof exchanger 1 kg/s . flows into the neighboring channel . . K. If .it is channel and 2 .kg/s air at 300 Continiuty: m1 = m2 = 1 kg/s ; Energy Eq: m1h1 = m2h2 + Qout infinitely long what is the exit temperature? Sketch the variation of T in the two Borgnakke and Sonntag flows. Tbl. A.8: h1 = 1680.7 kJ/kg; h2 = 627.24 kJ/kg . . Heat Exchanger . C.V. (no W) 4.142 Q = m (h h ) = 1 developed (1680.7 627.24) = 1053.5 kW out 1 1 2 A pipe of radius R has a fully laminar . . . flow . of air at Po, To with a Continuity m If Tbl A.5 is used: Eq.: Cp = 1.042 kJ/kg 1 = mK 3 and m2 = m4 velocity. profile .as: V = Vc [1 (r/R) 2], where Vc is the velocity on the center. = 1u1.042 . . - 600) . = 937.8 kW Q =m - T2m ) line and rout is the radius as in Find the total mass flow rate and Energy Eq.4.10: + m2P4.142. h2(1500 = m1 h 1 Cp (T 1 shown 1h 1 Fig. 3+m 2h4 the average velocity both as functions of Vc and R. . . . . Same exit . + m2h2] / [m1 + m2] . T: . h3 = h4 = [m1h1 CV The whole heat exchanger: in each line. m = AV/v = V/v No external Q, constant pressure Borgnakke and Sonntag Using conctant specific heat PRACTICE/EXTRA CREDIT QUESTIONS: . . . . . . .+ m3h4 . h4 = h3 + m1(h1 - h2)/m3 m1h1 + m3h3 = m1h2m => m2 1 we need to 1 2 From Eq.4.2 isT distributed integrate the + area. 4.140 Since the velocity T = = T + T =over 3 4 1 3 u 500 3 u 300 = 367 K h4 = 274.3 + 1053.5 2-phase . /2 =. 801 kJ/kg . < . hg 2 => A 1-L can of R-134a is atm room temperature 20 q C with a quality 50%. A leak in + m m + m . 1 2 1 2 V = V dA = V(r) 2 S r dr = (h h )/ h = (801 298.25) / 1165.2 = 0.43147 the top x valve allows vapor to escape and heat transfer from the room takes place local 4 4 f fg so we reach a final state of 5qC with a quality of 100%. Find the mass 3 that v4 is = vf +depth. x4 vfgSubstituting = 0.001658 + 0.43147 u0.12647 where W the velocity we get = 0.05623 m /kg escaped andthe the heat transfer. T Borgnakke and Sonntag T4 = T3a. = 25oC This is the boiling temperature for 1003 kPa. 2 3 1 Solution: V= Vc 2Sr [1 - (r/R) ] dr 500 T 1 x 4.144 CV The can of R-134a not including the nozzle/valve out to ambient 20oC 1 T 2 m wide sheet of glass at 1500 K comes out of the final In a glass factory a 2 Eq.: = 2S m 2 m = 1 e 2 Continuity V2 (1m -with z24 ) dz TCooling 300 rollers that fix the thickness 5z mm a speed of 0.5 m/s. air in the 4 c R at x 2 3a o cb Energy m2 u u1at =0 4 m 12 W amount Eq.: of 20 kg/s comes 17 C from a slot m 2 m1in eh e + 1Q 2 2 wide and flows parallel with 298 1 theS 1 comes to nearly the 1 4 so the glass. Suppose this setup2is1very long glass and air N2 = constant 2S Vc R (=> z2 1 -W z | = 21= V R2Borgnakke = 2 Vc A and Sonntag Process Eq.: V = PdV 0 3 NH 3 c 0 2 4 2 same temperature (a co-flowing heat exchanger) what is the exit temperature? 3 . + x1v State 1: (T,x) v = v 1fg = 0.000817 + 0.5 u 0.03524 = 0.018437 m /kg 4.155 Solution: 293 V1= V 3 f/A = x 2 Vc uf + = 227.03 + 0.5 u vapor 162.16 =volume 308.11 of kJ/kg . x1ufg . and . by . liquified A 2-m3 storage u tank 95% liquid 5% 1 = contains Energy Eq.: mglass hglass + m h = m h + m . at . Sas air air 2 glass airhair 4 natural gas (LNG) 160 K, shown in Fig. P4.155. It may be assumed that 1 glass 3 2 3 3 m = V / v = V R / v m = V / v = 0.001 m / 0.018437 m /kg = 0.05424 kg c 1 1 2 LNG has. the same . properties as pure methane. Heat is transferred to the tank and 3 m = U V = U AV = 2500 kg/m u 2 m heater u 0.005 m u it 0.5 m/s = saturated vapor at 160 K flows into a steady flow which leaves at12.5 300 kg/s K. glass State 2: (T,x) The process continues until all the liquid in the storage tank is gone. Calculate the . . 3) + m m C ( T3 m Tto C ( 380.85 T4total T2 ) = of heat transferred to v =v = 0.05833 u u kJ/kg air 1 /kg, total amount of transfer the tank and the amount 2glass g heat 2= g= glass Pa the heater. T4 = = T3 , C 0.001 = 0.80 kJ/kg K,mC 3 Pa = 1.004 kJ/kg K m m3/ 0.05833 /kg = 0.017144 kg 2 V/v2 =glass . be reproduced by. instructors for Excerpts from this work may distribution on a not-for-profit basis for o m Cglass mair CPaat T20 Exit state e:purposes Saturated vapor C ending at 5othis C so we take an 1 +starting 2 testing orSolution: instructional toT students enrolled in courses which textbook has been 12.5 ufor 0.80 u1500 + 20 u1.004 u 290 glass only T = = K 3 adopted. Any other reproduction or translation of this work beyond that permitted by Sections 107 CV: Tank, flow out, transient. average . . 12.5u0.80 + 20u1.004 or 108 mglassC + mair Cpermission of the copyright owner is unlawful. of the 1976 United States Copyright Act without the glass Continuity Eq.: mh -) m = -m he = 0.5(h = (409.84 2e2 1 0.5 e Pa + 401.32) = 405.58 kJ/kg e1 + 692.3 K = 0.0371 kg Energy Eq.: me = = m1 m 2 Q heater VAPOR QTank = m2u2 - m1u1 + mehe
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