Methodology for Geochemical Signature Characterization of Water Paths in Recharge Zones of Interfluves

Available online at:

http://pt.scribd.com/doc/171988022/Methodology-for-Geochemical-Signature-Characterization-of-Water-Paths-in-Recharge-Zones-of-Interfluves

Paulo Pereira Martins Junior Vitor Vieira Vasconcelos Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Brazil Luciano Rios Scherrer Pontifcia Universidade Catlica de Minas Gerais Brazil Maria Carolina de Morais Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica Brazil Vincius Coutinho Santa Ceclia Centro Universitrio de Belo Horizonte Brazil Lawrence de Andrade Magalhes Gomes Instituto Federal de Educao, Cincia e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais Brazil

Paper originally published in Portuguese, at:

MARTINS JUNIOR, P. P.; VASCONCELOS, V. V.; SCHERRER, L. R., MORAIS, M. C; SANTA CECLIA, V. C.; GOMES, L. A. M.; NOVAES, L. A. dA. Metodologia para Caracterizao de Assinatura Geoqumica de Trajetos de gua em Zonas de Recarga de Interflvios. ACTA Geogrfica, Boa Vista, v.7, n.14, jan./abr. de 2013. pp.193-197. Available at: http://revista.ufrr.br/index.php/actageo/article/download/834/1010

ISSN 1980-5772 eISSN 2177-4307

DOI: 10.5654/actageo2013.0714.0012 ACTA Geogrfica, Boa Vista, v.7, n.14, jan./abr. de 2013. pp.193-197

METHODOLOGY FOR GEOCHEMICAL SIGNATURE CHARACTERIZATION OF WATER PATHS IN RECHARGE ZONES OF INTERFLUVES
Metodologia para caracterizao de assinatura geoqumica de trajetos de gua em zonas de recarga de interflvios Metodologa para la caracterizacin de la firma geoqumica de trayectos de las aguas en las zonas de recarga interfluviales
Paulo Pereira Martins Juniorii Vitor Vieira Vasconcelosiii Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto Brasil Luciano Rios Scherreriv Pontifcia Universidade Catlica de Minas Gerais Brasil Maria Carolina de Moraisv Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica Brasil Vincius Coutinho Santa Cecliavi Centro Universitrio de Belo Horizonte Brasil Lawrence de Andrade Magalhes Gomesvii Instituto Federal de Educao, Cincia e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais Brasil
ABSTRACT This a proposal of a methodology for the characterization of hydrogeochemistry signature of water paths in recharge zones of interfluves between neighbouring watersheds. The method is based on the systematic sampling and chemical analysis of ground water and also sources of water. Paracatu, So Marcos, So Bartolomeu and Alto Paranaba watersheds were chemically investigated. Keywords: Hydrogeochemistry, aquifer, recharge, Northwestern MG, Gois State, DF. RESUMO Apresenta-se uma metodologia para caracterizao de assinaturas hidrogeoqumicas de partilha de aqufero entre bacias e de trajetos de gua comuns em zonas de recarga de interflvios. O mtodo baseia-se na coleta e anlise de caractersticas qumicas de guas subterrneas a partir de fontes. As Bacias de Paracatu, So Marcos, Alto Paranaba e So Mateus foram investigadas. Palavras-chave: Hidrogeoqumica, aqferos, recarga, Noroeste de MG, Gois, DF

RESUMEN Se propone una metodologa para la caracterizacin de las firmas hidrogeoqumicas en los trayectos de las aguas en las zonas de recarga interfluviales. El mtodo se basa en el muestreo de las aguas subterrneas y en las fuentes con el anlisis de sus caractersticas qumicas. Las cuencas de los ros Paracatu, So Marcos, Alto Paranaba y So Marcos fueron investigadas. Palabras clave: Hidrogeoqumica, acuferos, recarga, Noroeste del Estado de Minas Gerais, Gois, D.F.

actageo.ufrr.br

Enviado em junho/2012 Aceito em fevereiro/2013

Metodologia para caracterizao de assinatura geoqumica de trajetos de gua em zonas de recarga de interflvios Paulo Pereira Martins Junior, Vitor Vieira Vasconcelos, Luciano Rios Scherrer, Maria Carolina de Morais, Vincius Coutinho Santa Ceclia e Lawrence de Andrade Magalhes Gomes

INTRODUCTION
The aquifer recharge takes place through many processes regarding rocks, relief,

stratigraphy, brittle and ductile structures isolated, or in many possibilities of association among these factors. The existence of aquifers in interfluves does not necessarily imply that the chemical signature must have the same values for all the ions in all the springs. There may also have a temporal variability through the periods of rain and drought, within the hydrological year. In areas with opposite slopes, in adjacent watersheds, water with identical chemical signature may indicate shared underground recharge paths. However, as rocks and beddings are not homogeneous, the waters with equivalent chemical signature might indicate that the recharge just takes place through soils and/or shallow superficial formations. Objective: integrating hydrogeochemical knowledge of the structure of aquifers that is eventually shared among the basins of the Paracatu River (sub-basins of the Rivers Preto, Entre-Ribeiros and Escurinho) and the So Marcos River, at the political borders of the states of Minas Gerais, Gois and Distrito Federal (Figure 1), in Brazil. All the The entire studied region is used for agriculture, and there are many springs, which yield water to streams that follow to the four aforementioned rivers. In order to achieve the proposed objective, a methodology is presented, which analyses the water chemical types in many spring sites that have diverse ecological typologies. The methodological development and the applied activities were developed under the GZRP Project Management of Aquifer Recharge Areas Shared among the Basins of Paracatu, So Marcos and Alto Paranaba rivers (Martins Jr., 2009), and the SACD Project Systems of Knowledge Architecture for Decision Aid in the Geo-environmental and Economic
FIGURE 1 Location of the Studied Area Elaborated by the authors

Management of Water Basins and Rural Properties, both supported by the FAPEMIG agency. These studies continued the researches started in the CRHA Project Conservation of Water Resources in the Context of Agricultural and Environmental Management of Water Basins (Martins Jr., 2006), supported by the Sectorial Fund CT-HIDRO / 2002-MCT / FINEP.

measurement points are over the TertiaryQuaternary sedimentary bedding, deposited over the Paracatu Formation of the Canastra Group (Pre-Cambrian), according to the

lithostratigraphic mapping in 1:100,000 scale of CETEC (1981).

ACTA Geogrfica, Boa Vista, v.7, n.14, jan./abr. de 2013. pp.193-197

Metodologia para caracterizao de assinatura geoqumica de trajetos de gua em zonas de recarga de interflvios Paulo Pereira Martins Junior, Vitor Vieira Vasconcelos, Luciano Rios Scherrer, Maria Carolina de Morais, Vincius Coutinho Santa Ceclia e Lawrence de Andrade Magalhes Gomes

METHODOLOGY
Three fieldwork campaigns were performed in the periods of June/July, 2007; October, 2007; and October of 2008 fulfilling one hydrological year. The gathering was performed with canisters, recordings of GPS coordinates, temperature, measurements water of pH, air

and among the sample areas, a non-parametric analysis was performed, because the data do not present normal distribution.

DEVELOPMENT
As the variable campaign has three categories, the nonparametric Kruskal-Wallis test was chosen, because it allows the comparison of multiple k treatments or categories. In the Kruskal-Wallis test, the null hypothesis is that there is no difference among the medians of the categories; while the alternative hypothesis is that there is at least a significant difference among the categories or treatments. The Scan geo-statistical technique for continuous variables (Huang et al., 2009) was used to search for site clusters with high 195 average concentrations of each ion within the studied period. The likelihood function, in this technique, is calculated based on the

temperature,

electrical

conductivity, dissolved oxygen, and also with photographic and textual description of each site. In the third campaign, some wells were sampled to compare the ground water with the exudation water from springs. The following trace elements were analyzed: Al, Ba, Be, B, Cd, Ca, PB, Cu, Cr, Fe, Li, Mg, Mn, Ni, K, Na, Zn and (PO4)-3. The presence of the following biocides was also analyzed: 2/4/6 trichlorophenol, molinate, trifluraline, pentachlorophenol, lindane, simazine, atrazine,

hexachlorobenzene,

heptachlor+heptachlorepoxide, Chlordane, Endosulfan,

comparison between the identified cluster and the universe of remaining sites. The search for clusters is performed through circular

Aldrin+Dieldrin,

Endrin, DDT, Methoxichlor, Permethrin. All biocide tests were negative or below the detection level. The lack of evidence of direct contamination by biocides does not exclude the possibility of contamination from the NPK fertilizers, for N. Tables with the descriptive statistical analysis of each minor element were elaborated as to the following aspects: (1) each ion was analyzed separately, (2) each of the 6 specific sampling areas in which the buffer area was divided (Figure 2) and (3) each of the three campaigns was analyzed separately. To evaluate the differences among the campaigns

windows of variable radius with centroid in each of the sites. In this case, each site refers to a sampled water source.

ACTA Geogrfica, Boa Vista, v.7, n.14, jan./abr. de 2013. pp.193-197

Metodologia para caracterizao de assinatura geoqumica de trajetos de gua em zonas de recarga de interflvios Paulo Pereira Martins Junior, Vitor Vieira Vasconcelos, Luciano Rios Scherrer, Maria Carolina de Morais, Vincius Coutinho Santa Ceclia e Lawrence de Andrade Magalhes Gomes

significant differences between the campaigns, particularly for the following ions: Al, Ba, Be, Fe, K, Zn and (PO4)3-, as the statistics show a p value below 0.05. A general evaluation shows that the difference between the campaigns is not expressive and most of the samples are nearly equivalent i. e., the differences are inexpressive enough, thus it is plausible to suppose that the recharge is shared among the basins, even if in some water paths (superficial or underground) some chemical patterns emerge showing singularities of specific

samples. These patterns have been analyzed regarding the soil and rock types, in a following undergoing research. The Scan test showed that, in areas 7 and 8, there is a significant singularity in the average concentration of ions K and Ba, in comparison with the remaining sample areas. Furthermore, in area 7 there is also a
FIGURE 2 Map of the Studied Area Elaborated by the authors

singularity in the concentration of ions Ca, Li, Mg and Na. This differentiation may be attributed to local variations in the adjacent

According to the Kruskal-Wallis test (Table 1), while comparing the analyzed ions for the three campaigns, there were some

soils and mineral elements from the rocks, but also to a possible ongoing contamination process.

ACTA Geogrfica, Boa Vista, v.7, n.14, jan./abr. de 2013. pp.193-197

Metodologia para caracterizao de assinatura geoqumica de trajetos de gua em zonas de recarga de interflvios Paulo Pereira Martins Junior, Vitor Vieira Vasconcelos, Luciano Rios Scherrer, Maria Carolina de Morais, Vincius Coutinho Santa Ceclia e Lawrence de Andrade Magalhes Gomes

Table 1 Kruskal-Wallis test and Scan test for continuous variables Variable 1st Campaign Kruskal Wallis Test 2nd 3rd Campaign Campaign Scan Test for Continuous Variables Internal External Area Average Average P-value

P-value

Al Ba Be Cd Ca Pb Cu Cr Fe (PO4)3Li Mg Mn Ni K Na Zn

0.41 0.005 0.005 0.001 0.28 0.005 0.004 0.04 0.01 0.57 0.005 0.079 0.006 0.004 0.17 0.21 0.02

0.19 0.014 0.001 0.0005 0.61 0.005 0.004 0.04 0.73 0.01 0.005 0.265 0.007 0.004 0.34 1.000 0.03

0.13 0.005 0.001 0.0005 0.46 0.005 0.004 0.04 0.2 0.01 0.005 0.163 0.006 0.004 0.27 0.49 0.02

4 0.054* 0.003** 7.8 0.000** 3 0.836 8 0.188 7 0.51 4 0.08 4 1.000 0.000** 8 0.000** 1.2 0.664 7 0.279 7 0.894 7 0.949 6 0.036* 7.8 0.066 7 5 0.022*

2,71 0.037 0.0037 0.0006 10.5 0.007 0.0091 4.34 0.88 0.0086 7.54 0.13 0.0069 1.09 8.58 0.39

0.84 0.0084 0.0023 0.00051 0.89 0.0054 0.0051 0.9 0.28 0.0051 0.36 0.015 0.0043 0.27 0.78 0.048

0.094 0.001** 0.808 0.574 0.001** 0.379 0.173 0.351 0.859 0.001** 0.001** 0.063 0.48 0.001** 0.001** 0.435
197

Note: The significance probabilities (p-values) refer to the Kruskal-Wallis test (left) and to the Scan Test for Continuous Variables (right). The bold numbers of p-values indicate significant differences Significant results were identified with asterisks, according to the level of significance: P-value < 0.01** (confidence level of 99.0%) P-value < 0.05* (confidence level of 95.0%)

Source: Survey data

CONCLUSION
The applied methodology brought useful information to delimitate, in the future, the hydrogeochemical families of shared recharge, by field surveys. This piece of information may aid

basins interfluves in detail scales would not be affordable. Therefore, the shared recharge may be a relevant factor for agriculture management and for the control of chemical impacts.

environmental management and research on water resources. Thus, it is a viable methodological option in cases where the conventional piezometric mapping

NOTES
i

Supported by FAPEMIG - Fundao de

Amparo a Pesquisa de Minas Gerais

ii

Geologist;

PhD

in

Geology

by

techniques applied to hydrogeological

Universidade de Paris VI (Pierre et Marie

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Metodologia para caracterizao de assinatura geoqumica de trajetos de gua em zonas de recarga de interflvios Paulo Pereira Martins Junior, Vitor Vieira Vasconcelos, Luciano Rios Scherrer, Maria Carolina de Morais, Vincius Coutinho Santa Ceclia e Lawrence de Andrade Magalhes Gomes

Curie); Professor at Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP). E-mail: paulo.martins@cetec.br

iii

E-mail: lawrence.andrade@gmail.com

REFERENCES
CETEC (1981) II Plano de Desenvolvimento Integrado do Noroeste de Minas Gerais: recursos naturais. HUANG, L; TIWARI, M; R; ZUO E. J;

Bachelor in Philosophy; PhD student in

Geology at Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP). E-mail: vitor.vasconcelos@almg.gov.br

iv

Bachelor and Master in Statistics; at Pontifcia Universidade

KULLDORFF,

FEUER,

(2009)

Professor

Weighted normal spatial scan statistic for heterogeneous population data. Journal of the American Statistical Association. 104:886898. MARTINS JUNIOR; P. P. (coord.) (2006). Projeto CRHA Conservao de Recursos Hdricos no mbito da Gesto Agrcola e Ambiental de Bacias Hidrogrficas.

Catlica de Minas Gerais (PUC-MG). E-mail: luscherrer@hotmail.com

v

Geologist; PhD in Crustal Evolution and Resources by Universidade

Natural

Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP); Analist of Planning, Management and Infrastructure in Geographical and Statistical

Information at Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatstica (IBGE, MG). E-mail: mdemorais@gmail.com

vi

CETEC/CT-HIDRO/ 2002-MCT/ FINEP. Relatrio Final. MARTINS JUNIOR.; P.P. (coord.) (2009). Projeto GZRP - Gesto de Zonas de Recarga de Aqferos Partilhadas entre as Bacias de Paracatu, So Marcos e Alto Paranaba. CETEC/FAPEMIG. Relatrio Final

Geographer; Specialist in Geoprocessing Spatial Analisys by Centro

and

Universitrio de Belo Horizonte (UNIBH). E-mail: viniciuscoutinho@cetec.br

vii

Geographer;

Master

in

Crustal

MARTINS JUNIOR; P.P. (coord.) (2010). Projeto SACD - Sistemas de Arquitetura de Conhecimentos e de Auxlio Deciso na Gesto Geo-Ambiental e Econmica de Bacias Hidrogrficas e Propriedades Rurais. CETEC/FAPEMIG.

Evolution and Natural Resources by Universidade Federal de Ouro Preto (UFOP); Professor at Instituto Federal de Educao, Cincia e Tecnologia de Minas Gerais (IFMG).

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