Markku Kanerva
Tapani Skarp
Contents
0. Introduction
1. Design for Ice Conditions
2. Hull Form Selection
3. Machinery Selection
4. Winterisation of Existing Vessels
Introduction
DESIGN OBJECTIVES
DEFINE FIRST
z Operational area
z Maximum and average ice conditions
z Minimum temperatures
z Winds during ice and low temperature periods
z Other traffic in same area / route
z Ice breaker support and help
z Ice class options / restrictions
DEFINE
z Operational modes
z Sea and ice conditions
z Duration of ice conditions, per voyage, per season
z Broken channel, continuous operation
z Frozen channel, periodic operation
z Level ice, packed ice
z Harbour ice conditions
z Icebreaker assistance
z Density of other traffic on same route
Hull Form Selection
BOW
Figure 1. This figure shows two alternative hull forms for a product/
chemical carrier intended for 1A ice class service in the Baltic region.
Hull Form Selection
EXAMPLE: TANKERS
Figure 2. Ice Type vs. Combined Open Water - Ice Bulbous Bow
Example: Tankers
BULBOUS BOW
z Ice Bulb: Creates high bow wave
Deep wave trough behind bow wave
Figure 3. Ice Type vs. Combined Open Water - Ice Bulbous Bow
Example: Tankers
Figure 4. Combined Open Water – Ice Bulb in load and ballast drafts,
smooth ice flow in both conditions, sideways and downwards
Example: Tankers
BOW FORMS
MAIN DIMENSIONS
POWER/SPEED
CAPACITIES
SOME CONCLUSIONS:
z Aframax: Open water power demand for 16 knots is
adequate for 1A with fixed pitch propeller
z Suezmax: Open water power demand for 16 knots may
not be enough for 1A ice class, higher power or
controllable pitch propeller required
z CPP or FPP with diesel electric machinery give better
operability and lower power requirement (ice class)
Concept and Configuration
Tankers
To be considered:
z machinery location, z operation under special
z machinery modularisation, service conditions (restricted
z cargo tank location, waterways, ice etc.),
z cargo volume capacity, z maintenance,
z loading capabilities, z building procedure,
z hull form, z installation,
z power requirement, z timing
z structural principles, z environmental issues.
z machinery and operational
availability,
Concept and Configuration
Example of Chemical Carrier for Baltic Operation
M/T Turchese / Crystal Pool/Finbeta
Starting point:
Conclusions:
z In some cases one part of the design is to take into account the
sufficient assisting activities done by ice breakers .