Contents

Preface
To the Student
To the Instructor
Acknowled(ments
What Is CillctJtus
t il
till
t lv

1
P Preli minaries 3
P. 1 Real Kumbers and the Real Une
3

5
The Value
a
!Jquatio" 01od h)Cqualiti; lmolving
9
Ab."'i ute
P. 2
Cartesian Coordinates in the Plane 11
II
Increments and OL<it:u.ce.c; 12
GrJ.piL<i 13
Su-aigltt Lince; 13
E.quatio,., or 15
P.3 Graplts of Quadrati c Equa11ons 17
and
17
of Pa>abob:ot 19
Rcllc<:ti vo:: Pto,)tnic.c; of Pa.':\bob s
20
a Gl'.l.ph
20
Shiftins a (il'aph 20
Ellip:;cs aM5 llyperbola.c; 21
P.4 Functions and Their Graphs
23
The Domain Con\'Cntjon
25
Gmpltc; of
26
E' X':Il a)d Odd Symmetry Md lS
ReiJoctionc;
in Straiiht Une,:; 29
l)dinin$ :md Gr:{h;ng wilb
30
1\.hple
P.S Cotnblnlnll FunctlotK to Make New :13
Functions
Sum!>. l)iO.ctcne<:!t, Products. Quotjcnts,
33
tuMS Mullipleo;
1e f\m<:l

l)etineil
36
P.G
PolyrtoJniill$ and R;ational Function$
l9
and Fac101S
<II
and Fac101S of Quadta1ic
<12

Filcloting..(> 43
P.J The Trigonometric functions 45
Some U.-.efu1 ldcmitie.(> 47
Some Anglec; 48
The AdditiQI) fonnula_c;
50
OtJtcr Trigonometric Function,c; 51
M"ple CnJculations 53
Trigonometry Review 54
1 Limits and Continuity 58
1.1
Example$ of Veloci ty, Growth Rate. and
58
Area
A\'C-tilg.e Velocity aMt Jnstantaw:ous 5&
Velocity
llte Growlh of ao Algal Cuhure
60
Tbe Aica o( 61
1.2 Units ol fooclions 6l
O:.e.Sidcd
66
ibr C:leul:tlin$
68
The SqJtete 'l'hl!()rcrn
69
1.3
Urits at lnftnfty and Infinite Llnlits
71
Li miL(> ilt Infinity
?2
Li miL(> ilt Infinity (ot R.. uional Funtti on.c; 73
f1ltinit.: Li miL(> 7<1
Uc;ing. Maple to Calculate 76
1.4
Continuity 78
Sen.'\.itivity to 131
Ccuuinui ty at a 1\'>im ?8
in EronrulliC$
133
Coluinui ty ()!) ::ul lntCI'\':d
'79
There Arc Lois of ConLinuous Fu1Kti01l!t
30
Continuous and Removable
81
Disoo.uinuities
<..Ontinoouc; Functions on Closed. Finite
u
2.8 The Mean-Value Uteorern 136
:md 138
r:...oor of the Mean Villue Thoofttn 1<10

Fi.ortinll M:r, im:, :u)l.t Minima Graphicall y
83
Fi.odi.J.g K()()ls o.f
S4
2.9 Impl icit 0111erenlialion 142
lliglter-Order Oetitati,c.o; 145
The <kt:H:ral Power Rule 140
1.5 The Formal Oelinition ol Umit 87
Uo;ing the l)dinition of Limit to Prove
89
Theoren"
OUter 1'
89
Chapter Review
92
2.10 AntideriYatives alld lnitiaiValue Problem.s 147
Atllideriwui veo; 148
Tbe Indefinite lotegral 148
Dill'ecentinJ Equ<ttioos and lniti ul Value 150

2 Differentiati on 94
2.11
Velocity and Acceleration
153
Velocity and Speed 153
2.1 Tan2entlines and Their Sklpes 94
Nom)als
98
Accdtt:ttion
ISS
Palling Undtt Ot:t \'ily 15?
Chapter Review
160
2.2 The Derivative
99
Some Important 10 1 3 Transcendental Functi ons 163
Notation 103
Oim:n:miaJs 105
3.1 lnn.l'$8 Functions 163
Dcri,atives Hate tbe 105
lovetting NonOne-to--Ooe 167
Propeny
Q( 167
2J Differentiation Rules 107
Sums and Coo:-:t:'Ult lOS
The P!'oduc1 Rtd.: 109
3.2
Exponential and logarithmic Functions 169
Ex.pot:H:ntiuJs 16')
Reciptocal Rule
Ill
LogtJti thms 171
The Quotjcnt Rule 112
3J
The Natural logarithm and EJ:ponential
113
2.4
The Ch;rln Rule
115
The Natur.d Logarithm 174
Fi.odi.nll Oc.ri\':dives with M:'tJlle 11 7
(hnldin$ Ute Cb:tin Muk inti) Oiff'et-<:nli:tlion II $
N>nnul:tl\
The E.'ponemi al Functiort
176
Gcner.d Exponential(> and Logarithms 178
Differentiatjon 130
r:...oor of Ch;.;,, Ruk <The(l(un 6)
11 8
3.4
Growt:Jt and Decay
182
2.5 Derivatives of Trlronometrlc Functions 119
Somt: Spi!d.:d 120
ibt Oeti \':tli \'e.:: Ql' Sine :md CQ.::ine Il l
The OtowLb of E.xpon.::mi al(;; :tnd
182
Log-atithllt(;;
Ex.potM:ntial Grow1h and Oocay Models 1M
The lkt'i\::uivc..(;; of the Othu 1!3

lntetest Otl ]n\'CStnM:ntS 186
LogiMk GtO\\'lh
181
Hl2,tler-Drde.r 125
3.5
The Inverse Ttigooometric Flllctions
190
2.1
Using Differentials and Derivatives 129
Small 119
The Sit)( (cw f'utiCti on 190
Tl)l'! T:ti'IS,o!nl (Ot' Af1.'1:1ngent) 193
I- UtlC1iOtl
Avet:ts,c :u'ld JnsLo'ltU:ttlOOus Rate..(; of 13 1
Change
OUter hwersc-Ttigonomcuk fui:H:tiOtl\ 195
3.6 Hyperbolic Functions 198 4.9 linear Approximations
266
hnct'l!C lly,)ttbolic Fullctioo:ot 201
AJ)J)foxirn:nins V:duc:JO of Functiotl!l 167
En'ot :\tlaly:ot i!l 268
3.7 SecondDrder Unear DEs with Constant 203
Coefficients
R.:<:iJ)t fM Solvin.s ay'' + h}'' + t:y = 0 203
Simple llam,onk MotiOtl 206
Damped Harmonic tl:lotioo 209
Chap1er Review 210
4.10 Taylor Polynomials 211
Tnylor's l'WnlUia 274
BigO Notation 276
Evo\l ull.ling Limits of' lodetcmtimlle l"omts
278
4 More Applicati ons of 213
Differentiation
4.11 Roundoff Ellor. Truncation Ellor. and
280
Computers
4.1 Related Ratet 213
(Of' Rel:'ttcd i>t-oblc.t\t..:; 214
Tnylor in Maple 231
Pw;i,'>(ent Roundofr ETor
232
TrutKatiort. Roundofr, and Computer
233

4.2 Finling Roots of Equalions 219
Chap1er Review
284
Di.wretc Map;. aod Fixed Point ltcr\ltiort
220
Mctbod
222
.. Sohc
226
5 Integration 288
4J Indeterminate Fonns
227
I'H6piltll's RuJ.cs
22&
5.1 SUms and Sigma Notation
288
Evo1luating Sums
290
4.4 Extreme Values
232
Mttxitntlnl atM! Minimum Valuc!l
231
Ctiti<:al Singul:t1' atM!
23<1
5.2 Areas as Li mits of Su1ns 293
Endpointll ibe 6:lSic An::, Pr()blem 294
1- l twiing Absolute Exu\'!nte Values '234
Some Au C:d .....
m
The Fit<>t Oe-tivatiw: Test
235
Functions Not Defined on Fillitc '236

5..3 The Definite Integral
299
4.5 Concavity and Infl ections
239
P.JttitiC:W> and Riemann Sunts
299
The Sc:ctuM! Octivativ.: Tc::ott
2<11
The Definite-Integral 301
Gcner.d Rkmann SuntJ>
303
4.8 Sketcttlnr ttte Graph of a Function 244

2AJ
of Ponu:d {..'\tn't Skt lthing lAS
5.4 Properties of lhe Oeflnlte 305
A Mean value 'l"tn .. "C)I'I;.IU fi. W l.nleg-ali!.
308
4.1 Graphill2 wllh Computers 252
l)dini te lntcg.r:tN I)( COnl i.nooul:
309

at)d Computer
253
Graphing
5.5
The Foodamental Theorem of Calculus
311
Floating-Point of Numbers 254
in
M..chinc Md hs Ell'ect Ot)
256
5.6 The Method o1 SUbstitution 316
Figure 4.45
Trigonomcltk JntegtaJs
320
Dc:terminitlg Macbit)(: Epo;.ilon
256
4.8
ExtremeValue Problems
258
5.7 Areas of Plane Re1ions 324
I:...'OC.:dutc: fot SolvillS El(ttun.: Value 159
ProblcmJO
6th\'!n 1\n) 32.4
Chapter Review
328
6 Techniques of Integration 331
6.1 lntearatlon by Parts m
Pomml:<:

6.2 lntearals of Rational Functions 337
Lin.::at :'Uld Qu:'tdt :ttic
333
I:..Jl'tial
3<10
Complttins tJt.:: Squat.: 342
I:X:nocui)ators with Repeated Factors 343
6J
Inverse SUbstitutions
346
Th.:: Tis.l'lflOOlClfic S-utNitutioo:ot l<l6
llyJ>el'bolic Sub!tiuniOll:-t
3<19
lnVCISt Sublti tuti<ul:ot 350
The tan(B/2) SubstitutiOil 351
6.4 Other Methods for Evaluating Integrals
m
The Me-thod of Uldctcrmincd Coelllcicms. 354
U<.ing Mapt.c for lttcgration
356
U<.ing Integral Table.<, 357
6.5 Improper lnletrals 359
lntpropcr Integrals o( T)pe I
359
Improper lntegruJs o( T)pe U
362
Con\'C:Iil!nCI! :u)jj Oiw:"gc:oc:e
3<>4
6.6 The Trapetoid and Mi!Spoinl Rules 368
The
363
1'bc Mi(lpOi.nt Ku!l!
31l
En-or 372
6.7
Simpson's Rule
375
6.8 Other Aspects of Approxi mate lntearat!on 379
ApprO\im:lill): lnlp1"0(1Cr
330
l ay N>.-n1ul:'
330
Rombt:tg lmegt:uion 331
The of llisbe ... On1ct Method:ot 33<1
OtJk"!' Mc.LIIod<o 335
Chapter Review
386
7 Applications of Integration 390
7.1 Vollmes by of Revolution
by
Solid.<o of Rt\'Olutioo
CyliM11' ical Shcll:ot
390
391
392
395
1.2
More Volumes by Slicing
399
7J Ale len21h and Surlace Aru 403
An.: l.tnglb 4(
Tbc lvc LA:ngth of the Gr:pb of :,
404

of Surf:tct:ot of 107
7.4 Mus, Moments.. and Centre of Mass 410
:md 410
Monu:nt:r. :m(l o( 41>
Two Md Tbre.;:.Oinltn:otion:d Exanl plc..<o <II <I
7.5 Cerrtroids 411
s Theorem 420
7.6
Other Physical Appi eations 422
11 <113
Work 424
Potentia) Energy aMS Ki M:ti<: EM:l'Y
427
7.7
A(lp11ca11ons In Business, Finance, and
429
E<:o10KY
TIM: Value of 11 SU'l!llnl of 430
Payments
Tbc Ecowmicc; of Exploiting 430

7.8
Probability
433
Oi$C1\':IC R.-t1ldom <13<1
E:<ptC1atio.n .. Mean. .. and Sta1MS:'U' d <135
IXvi:tti on
Contiloous RaMkom Vatiabks
437
The Notmal Oi!>Lribution 441
7.9
First-Order Olfferendal
445
Stpl'u':tbk Equ:uion.o;
1<15
1- i ,:-ttOtdu lin.::at Equatioo:ot
<149
Chapter Review 453
8 Coni cs. Parametric Curves. 457
and Polar Curves
8.1 Conics

ibc N)c:al Pt"()JX:It}' of : P:(r:'lb()!:'l

'Ok"! Focal 1:...\).J)Cft}' of :tn
'Ok"! of :lll

Tilt Focal 1:...-opctt}' of a lly!lttbol:t
Ct:t:ot:otifyilS: O.::llCt:tJ
457
"-lS
4J9
160
<161
<162
<162
<16<1