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DEN102 Stress Analysis

Truss Structures
Dr P.H. Wen
E118 p.h.wen@qmul.ac.uk

1.0. Truss Element F


Imaginary cut

T
Internal force T

TF=0

F
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1.1. Simple plane trusses


Two dimensional structures

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Two dimensional structures (more examples)

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Three dimensional structure

z y

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1.2. Support and reactive forces Simply support


(1) XOY coordinate system (2) Pin support (3) Roller support
y

F
e d

Pin support
a Rxa o b c

Roller support
x

Rya

Ryc

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1.3. Classification of truss structures


m: number of truss; r: number of reactive force; j: number of joint (a) Unstable structure (mechanism): if m+r<2j (b) Redundant structure: if m+r>2j (c) Statically determinate structures: if m+r=2j

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1.4. Determine Reactive Forces


(1.4.1) Reactive Forces (1.4.3) Evaluation of Reactive forces

F
y e d

i F x + Rxa = 0

(1)

i F y + Rya + Ryc = 0

(2)

i M ( F A ) + Ryc lac = 0 (3)

a Rxa b Rya

Ryc

(1.4.2) Direction of reactive forces -

Force along x-axis Force along y-axis Moment along anticlockwise about point A
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Example 1. Classify following truss structures and determine the reactive forces for these statically determinate structures
100kN b a 100kN c b a c 450

300 d 1m (1)

300

300 d 1m (2)

300

1m

1m

200kN a b a b 200kN e 450 2m (3) d 450 c e 450 2m (4) d 450

2m

2m Page 9

200kN a b a b 200kN e 450 2m (5) d 450 c e 450 2m (6) d 450

2m

2m

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1.5. Characteristics of Truss System


Simplest framework that can be formed from a minimum number of trusses is a triangle; Internal force is axial force, zero body force, zero bending moment; External forces are applied at joints; Internal force Positive: tensile Negative: compressive 2
B develop

T2

4 1 3
T1 T3

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1.6. Method of Joint


Number of unknown forces at node 2

Example 2. Find the axial forces in each truss.


A

450

1
B

T1

300

100kN

T2

100kN

C Page 12

Example 3. Find axial forces in each truss.

1
B

2
E 300 a

5 3 4
D

300 a

100kN
1 200 2 0 3 -1003 4 0 5 200 6 -1003

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1.7. Method of section


Number of unknown forces in section 3

Example 4. Find the axial forces in trusses AB, BE and DE.

CUT

1
B

T1 B

2
E 300 a

5 4 3
D

T2 C E T3 100kN D C

300 a

100kN

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1.8. Final Remarks


If number of unknown forces at node > 2, reaction forces should be determined firstly.

Example 5. Find the axial forces for all each trusses.


B

100kN

1 3
A 300 D

2
300 C

4
5m

5
5m

Rxa= -100, Rya= -50/3, Ryc=50/3 1 100/3 2 -100/3 3 0 4 50 5 50

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Example 6. Find the axial forces in each truss.

100kN b

2 3 5 4
d 6m

15kN

4m a

6 7
6m e

Rxa= -15, Rya=120, Rye=80 1 -150 2 -105 3 25 4 105 5 100 6 -100 7 60

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Home work 1. Find the axial forces in each truss.


20kN f b 4m 6 2 e 450 1 2m (a) 3m
1 -20 2 102 3 10 4 -10 5 -10 6 102

h 12

16

10kN

3 1 a 2 5 c 6

9 11 d 10

13

4 d 450 5 2m c

15 e 14 b

17

20kN 3m (b) 3m

60kN 3m

Rxa=0, Rya=40, Ryb=60 1 -40 2 0 3 50 4 -30 5 -20 6 30 7 25 8 -45 9 -20 10 45 11 0 12 45 13 0 14 0 15 75 16 -45 17 -60

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