Kingdom: Bacteria Phylum: Proteobacteria Class: Gamma Proteobacteria Order: Pasteurellales Family: Pasteurellaceae Genus: Haemophilus

Haemophilus
H influenzae, H aegypticus, H ducreyi

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 Haemophilus "Loves Heme. Small, Non Motile, Gram-negative coccobacilli. Requires X And V Factors Chocolate Agar.

Grows Best At 35-37oc, Ph 7.6 And 5%co2

Aerobic

Important species : H influenzae, H aegypticus, H ducreyi

Dr.Aravind

Haemophilus spp & growth factor

Factor X
+

Species H influenzae

Factor V
+

H aegyptius H ducreyi

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Haemophilus influenzae
Gram negative coccobacilli Requires X and V factors Grows in chocolate agar Blood agar Satellite phenomenon 7 serotypes depends on capsular polysaccharides, HiB is most important. (PRP) Nontypable (non encapsulated) strains are less invasive

Dr.Aravind

S aureus
, , , ,

H influenzae
, ,

colonies
, ,

Courtesy by Dr.Sudheer Kher

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Virulent Factors
Fimbriae Adhesion to Nasopharynx Outer membrane lipooligosaccharide (LOS) - Otitis media Neuraminidase and IgA protease Unknown function Polyribosyl ribitol phosphate (PRP) capsule Type B (HiB) highly virulent
Inhibits phagocytosis, Compliment activity, Inhibits Bactericidal activity Antibodies to PRP controls this infection.

HiB meningitis, Acute epiglottitis, septic arthritis, etc. Non type able otitis media, sinusitis, bronchitis, pneumonia etc.
Dr.Aravind

Epidemiology
Transmission Respiratory droplet Present in the nasopharynx - 75 percent of healthy children and adults. H. influenzae type b (Hib) 3-4 %. 7 serotypes depends on capsular polysaccharides,
HiB is most important. Nontypable (non encapsulated) strains are less invasive

Outbreaks of H. influenzae type b infection may occur in nurseries and child care centers. Vaccination with type b polysaccharide is effective in preventing infection Similar In Morphology To Bordetella Pertussis.
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Children 6 months to 2 years most commonly cause meningitis Acute epiglottitis 3-5 years more common Adults non type able infections common

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Pathogenesis

Courtesy by Learners TV
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Dr.Aravind

Clinical conditions
Hib:
Meningitis Acute epiglottitis Septic arthritis

Non typable:
Otitis Media Sinusitis Bronchitis and pneumonia
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Meningitis incidence
Pathogen H. influenzae Age < 2 months 2 mon. -15 yrs +(non-immunized) > 16 years

N. meniingitidis
S. pneumoniae

+
+ +(especially premies and neonates) + +

+
+

E. coli
Group B streptococci L. monocytogenes

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Diagnosis, Treatment & Prevention

Specimens Blood, CSF and sputum Gram staining Gram negative coccobacilli Latex particle agglutination test Antigen detection Grows in chocolate agar - translucent colonies Satellite phenomenon on Blood agar with staph aureus.

Cefotaxime / ceftriaxone (meningitis) ampicillin / co-trimoxazole (respiratory infections) Vaccination

Dr.Aravind

Haemophilus aegyptius
Gram negative coccobacillus Purulent conjunctivitis (pink eye)

Brazilian purpuric fever

Occur in epidemic forms

Common in infants & children

Responds to local sulphonamides & gentamicin
Dr.Aravind

Haemophilus ducreyi

Gram (-), coccobacilli, long chain organisms, school of fish pattern No capsule Seen in genital regions of humans Can be transmitted by sexual contact- STD In men: painful ulcer in genitals, slow healing, lymphnodal enlargement (regional), pus formation- CHANCROID- soft-based ulcer In women: no symptoms CHANCROID- increase incidence of HIV infections because of exposed ulcer Diagnosis- DNA probe- serological test Treatment- Cefatoxime/Cefatriaxone
Dr.Aravind