TNG HP CC Bi tp t lun V ru Bi 1: Mt ru n chc X, mch h, tc dng vi HBr d thu c cht Y gm cc nguyn t C, H, Br, trong Br chim 69,56% khi lng.

. Phn t lng ca Y nh hn 260 vC. Nu un nng X vi H 2SO4 c 1800C thu c hai hidrocacbon c cc ni i khng k cn nhau. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca X, Y v vit cc phng trnh phn ng. Bi 2 Cho cc ru: n-prpylic (A) , iso-prpylic (B) v glixrin (C) 1-T A iu ch B v ngc li . 2-T A hoc B iu ch C. 3-Trnh by cch phn bit 3 ru trn. Bi 3 Vit cc phng trnh phn ng thc hin dy bin ho sau (cc cht vit di dng cng thc cu to): C5H10O C5H10Br2O C5H9Br3 C5H12O3 C8H12O6. Cho bit cht ng vi cng thc phn t C5H10O l mt ru bc ba, mch h. Bi 4 nh ngha ru bc 2. Vit cng thc cu to v gi tn cc ru bc 2 c cng thc phn t C5H12O. un nng hn hp cc ru vi H2SO4 c, 180oC. Hy vit cng thc cu to v gi tn sn phm chnh. Bi 5 1- Ru A c cng thc n gin nht l C3H8O. Bin lun tm CTPT ca A. 2- Mt ru no, a chc c cng thc nguyn l (C2H5O)n. Tm CTPT ca ru. Bi 6 C 5 cht ch cha mt loi chc ru c cng thc C3H 8On. Tm CTCT ca 5 ru . Bi 8 A, B l cc ru no, mch h. t chy hon ton 1 mol A cn 2,5 mol O2. C c khi lng phn t bng 92 v.C. Cho 2,3 gam B tc dng ht vi K thu c 0,0375 mol H2. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca A, B. Bi 9 t chy hon ton 2 ru n chc, ng ng k tip thu c CO2 v hi H2O theo t l th tch 7:10. 1 Chng minh hn hp cha 2 ru no. 2 Tm cng thc phn t ca 2 ru. Bi 10 1- Cho B l mt ru n chc, khi un nng B vi H 2SO4 c thu c cht hu c B1 (H=100%) c t khi hi so vi B l 1,7. Tm CTPT ca B 2- Cho Y l mt ru no, khi t chy hon ton 1 mol Y cn va 2,5 mol O2. Tm CTCT ca Y. Bi 11 Hn hp A gm 0,1 mol C2H6O2 v 0,2 mol cht X. t chy ht hn hp A cn 21,28 lt O2 (ktc) v thu c 35,2 gam CO2 v 19,8 gam H2O. Nu cho hn hp A tc dng ht vi Na thu c 8,96 lt H2 (ktc). Xc nh cng thc phn t, cng thc cu to v gi tn X. Bi 12 A v B l hai ru n chc c cng s nguyn t cacbon trong A l ru no, B l ru khng no c mt ni i. Cho hn hp X gm 3 gam A v 2,9 gam B tc dng vi Na d sinh ra 0,05mol H2. Xc nh A, B. Bi 13 C 2,24lt (ktc) hai anken l ng ng lin tip c chia lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1: em t chy hon ton ri cho sn phm chy qua dung dch cha 0,1mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 7,5 gam kt ta. Xc nh hai anken v % theo khi lng mi cht. Phn 2: cho tc dng hon ton vi nc c xc tc thu c hn hp 2 ru. un nng hn hp 2 ru vi H2SO4 c 1400C mt thi gian thu c 1,25gam hn hp 3 ete. Ho hi lng ete thu c 0,42lt 1360C v 1,2atm. Xc nh hiu sut mi ru thnh ete.

Bi 14 Cho 3,39gam hn hp A gm 2 ru no n chc tc dng vi Na d sinh ra 0,672lt H2 (ktc) 1- Tnh th tch CO2 v H2O sinh ra khi t chy hon ton lng ru trn. Tnh th tch oxi cn thit cho phn ng chy. 2- un nng A vi H2SO4 c 1400C. Tnh mete sinh ra v xc nh khi lng phn t trung bnh ca hn hp ete . 3- Xc nh CTPT v khi lng ca mi ru, nu chng l ng ng lin tip. Bi 15 t chy hon ton m(g) hn hp hai ru n chc cng mt dy ng ng thu c 3,52g CO2 v 1,98g H2O. 1- Tnh m. 2- Oxi ho m(g) hn hp 2 ru trn bng CuO (phn ng hon ton) ri cho sn phm phn ng vi Ag2O/NH3 d thu c 2,16g Ag. Tm CTCT 2 ru v thnh phn % theo khi lng mi ru. Bi 16 Mt ru no a chc X mch h c n nguyn t C v m nhm OH trong cu to phn t. Cho 7,6g ru trn phn ng vi lng Na d thu c 2,24lt kh (ktc). 1- Lp biu thc lin h gia n v m. 2- Cho n = m+1. Tm CTPT ca ru X t suy ra CTCT. Bi 17 Hn hp X gm 3 gam ru no, n chc A v 2,9 gam ru khng no c mt ni i, n chc B. Cho hn hp X tc dng vi Na d sinh ra 0,05mol H2. Xc nh cng thc phn t v cng thc cu to ca A, B. Bi 18 un hn hp hai ru no n chc vi H2SO4 c 1400C thu c 5,4gam nc v to thnh 22,2 gam hn hp 3 ete c cng s mol. Xc nh CTPT mi ru v khi lng mi ru. Bi 19 C 2,24lt (ktc) hai anken l ng ng lin tip c chia lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 em t chy hon ton ri cho sn phm chy qua dung dch cha 0,1mol Ca(OH)2 thu c 7,5 gam kt ta. Xc nh hai anken v % theo khi lng mi cht. Phn 2 cho tc dng hon ton vi nc c xc tc thu c hn hp 2 ru. un nng hn hp 2 ru vi H2SO4 c 1400C mt thi gian thu c 1,25gam hn hp 3 ete. Ho hi lng ete thu c 0,42lt 1360C v 1,2atm. Xc nh hiu sut mi ru thnh ete. Bi 20 un nng m gam hn hp 2 ru n chc vi H2SO4 c thu c 0,672lt (ktc) hn hp 2 olefin l ng ng lin tip. Trn lng olefin ny vi m gam hi hn hp 2 ru trn trong mt bnh kn dung tch 10lt. Bm tip vo bnh 12,8gam oxi. Sau khi bt tia la in t chy ht hn hp, a nhit bnh v 0oC thy p sut bnh l 0,7168atm. 1- Tm cng thc hai ru. 2- Tnh phn trm theo khi lng mi ru trong hn hp. Gi thit hiu sut cc phn ng t 100%. Bi 21 un nng hn hp X gm 2 ru n chc A, B lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng vi H2SO4 c 140oC thu c hn hp 3 ete. t chy mt phn hn hp ete trn thu c 33gam CO2 v 18,9gam H2O. 1- Xc nh cng thc 2 ru A, B. 2- Oxi ha 11g hn hp X bng CuO c hn hp Y. Chia Y lm 2 phn bng nhau: Phn 1 phn ng vi lng d dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 27gam Ag. Phn 2 cho phn ng vi Na d thu c 1,68lt H2 (ktc). Tnh hiu sut oxi ha mi ru. Gi thit hiu sut oxiha mi ru nh nhau. Bi 22 Cht hu c A khng no cha cc nguyn t C, H, O. Cho A tc dng vi H2 d (xc tc Ni, t0) thu c cht hu c B. un B vi H 2SO4 c, 1700C thu c cht hu c C. Trng hp C thu c poli iso-butylen. 1- Xc nh CTCT ca A v vit phng trnh. 2- T cht A v CH4 vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch thu tinh hu c.

Bi 23

t chy hon ton 0,93 gam ru D thu c CO2 v H2O theo t l: mCO2: mH2O = 44: 27. Ton b sn phm chy c th bng mt lng va l 45 ml dung dch Ba(OH)20,5M, thu c 0,015 mol BaCO3 kt ta. Tm cng thc phn t ca D. Bi 24 Oxi ho mt lng ru n chc A bng O2 (c mt xc tc )thu c hn hp X gm anhit, axit tng ng, nc v ru cn li. Cho a gam hn hp X tc dng va ht vi Na thu c 4,48 lt H2 (ktc) v hn hp B. Cho hn hp B bay hi cn li 24,4 gam cht rn . Mt khc cho 4a gam hn hp X tc dng vi Na2CO3 d thu c 4,48 lt kh (ktc). 1 -Tnh % ru b oxi ha thnh axit 2 Khi cho a gam hn hp X tc dng vi AgNO 3 /NH3 d thu c 10,8 gam Ag. Hy xc nh cng thc phn t ca ru ban u, bit khi un nng ru A vi H2SO4 c, 170oC c anken. Bi 25 Cho V lt (ktc) hn hp kh gm 2 olefin lin tip nhau trong dy ng ng hp nc (c H2SO4 long xc tc) thu c 12,9 gam hn hp A gm 3 ru. Chia A thnh 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1 em un vi H2SO4 c 140oC thu c 5,325 gam B gm 6 ete khan. Xc nh cng thc cu to cc olefin, cc ru v cc ete. Phn 2 em oxi ho bng oxi khng kh nhit cao (c Cu xc tc) thu c hn hp sn phm D ch gn anehit v xeton. Cho D tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 thu c 17,28 gam Ag kim loi. Tnh % khi lng mi ru trong A v tnh gi tr V. Gi thit hiu sut ca cc phn ng l 100%. Bi 26 A, B, C l 3 ru n chc, mch h; trong A, B l hai ru no, A c khi lng phn t nhiu B l 28 v.C; C l ru khng no, mt ni i. t chy ht mt lng hn hp 3 ru trn cn 0,23 mol O2, thu c 0,16 mol CO2 v 0,24 mol H2O. Hy xc nh cng thc cu to ca A, B, C. Bi 27 Hn hp kh X gm 2 anken k tip nhau trong dy ng ng. t chy hon ton 5 lt hn hp X cn va 18 lt kh oxi (cc th tch kh c o cng iu kin nhit , p sut). 1- Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 anken. 2- Hidrat ho hon ton mt th tch X vi iu kin thch hp thu c hn hp ru Y, trong t l v khi lng cc ru bc mt so vi ru bc hai l 28 : 15. a) Xc nh % khi lng mi ru trong hn hp Y. b) Cho hn hp ru Y th hi qua CuO un nng, nhng ru no b oxi ho thnh anehit? Vit phng trnh phn ng. Bi 28: Chia hn hp gm 2 ru no mch h A, B lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn 1: Cho tc dng ht vi Na d thu c 0,896 lt kh (ktc) . Phn 2: em t chy hon ton thu c 3,06 gam H2O v 5,28 gam CO2. Xc nh cng thc cu to ca 2 ru, bit khi t V th tch hi ca A hoc B th th tch CO2 thu c trong cng iu kin nhit v nhit u khng vt qu 3V. Bi 29: Hn hp X gm gm 2 cht hu c k tip nhau trong cng dy ng ng, phn t ca chng ch c mt loi nhm chc. Chia X lm 2 phn bng nhau. - t chy ht phn 1 ri cho ton b sn phm chy (ch c CO 2 v hi H2O) vo dung dch nc vi trong d, thy khi lng bnh tng 5,24 gam v to ra 7 gam kt ta. - Cho phn th 2 tc dng ht vi Na d sinh ra V lt H2 (o 27,30C, 1,25 atm). a) Xc nh cng thc cu to v thnh phn % theo khi lng mi cht trong X b) Tnh V.

Bi 30: Cho hn hp X gm 6,4 gam ru metylic vo b mol hn hp 2 loi ru no n chc ng ng lin tip nhau. Chia X lm 2 phn bng nhau. - Phn 1: Cho tc dng ht vi Na thu c 4,48 lt H2. - Phn 2: t chy hon ton ri cho sn phm chy ln lt qua 2 bnh kn, bnh 1 ng P2O5, bnh 2 ng Ba(OH) 2 d. Phn ng kt thc nhn thy bnh 1 nng thm a gam, bnh 2 nng thm (a+22,7) gam. a) Vit phng trnh phn ng. b) Xc nh cng thc phn t ca 2 ru. Vit cng thc cu to cc ng phn ca 2 ru ni trn. Gi tn. c) Tnh % khi lng cc cht trong hn hp X. Bit: Cc th tch kh o ktc, cc phn ng c hiu sut 100%. Bi 31: t chy hon ton 1,52 gam mt ru X thu c 1,344 lt CO2 (ktc) v 1,44 gam H2O. a) Xc nh cng thc n gin v cng thc phn t ca X. b) Vit cng thc cu to ca X, bit X ho tan c Cu(OH)2 nhit thng. c) Cho 2,28 gam ru X trn tc dng vi 3 gam axit axetic c H 2SO4 c lm xc tc. Tnh tng khi lng este to thnh. Gi thit hiu sut phn ng este ho t 100%. Bi 32: Ngi ta oxi ho mt ru no, n chc thnh mt axit hu c tng ng. Do phn ng xy ra khng hon ton thu c 41,6 gam hn hp gm c ru v axit (gi thit trong hn hp khng c tp cht khc). Chia hn hp lm 2 phn bng nhau. Phn th nht tc dng vi lng d Na sinh ra 3,36 lt kh (ktc). trung ho phn 2 phi dng 400ml dung dch NaOH 0,5M. a) Xc nh s mol mi cht trong hn hp. b) Xc nh cng thc cu to ca axit v ru. c) Tnh thnh phn % theo khi lng ca chng trong hn hp. Bi 33: t chy hon ton m gam hn hp A gm 2 ru no, n chc. Sn phm chy ln lt cho qua bnh 1 ng H2SO4 c, bnh 2 ng Ca(OH)2 d thy bnh 1 tng 1,98 gam, bnh 2 c 8 gam kt ta. Mt khc oxi ho m gam A bng CuO nhit cao cho n khi phn ng hon ton, sn phm thu c cho tc dng vi dung dch AgNO3/NH3 d thu c 2,16 gam kt ta. a) Tnh m. b) Xc nh CTCT v gi tn 2 ru. c) Hy ngh cch phn bit 2 ru trn. Bi 34: oxi ho hon ton 18,4 gam ru etylic thnh andehit (hiu sut 100%). Khi oxi ho lng andehit sinh ra thu c axit axetic vi hiu sut 80%. Cho lng axit to thnh tc dng vi ru etylic d, c mt H2SO4 c, thu c 16,896 gam cht hu c Z. a) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra. b) Tnh khi lng andehit, axit axetic thu c v tnh hiu sut to thnh cht Z t axit axetic. Cu 35: a) Th no l ru bc 1, bc 2, bc 3? b) Vit phng trnh phn ng oxi ho ru bc 1, bc 2 ng vi cng thc tng qut CnH2n+2O bng CuO thnh andehit hoc xetol. Ly v d minh ho? c) Vit phng trnh phn ng dng tng qut khi cho ru CnH 2n+1 OH tc dng vi Na; HCl ( H2SO4 c, to); tch nc to anken v ete ( xt, to). Cu 36: a) Ti sao ru c nhiu ng phn hn ankan tng ng (c cng s nguyn t cc bon)? Ly v d minh ho v gi tn tng cht. b) Vit CTCT v tn gi ca 3 ng phn mch nhnh ca penten. T cc hp cht c th iu ch 1 ru bc 2 v 1 ru bc 3. Vit phng trnh phn ng dng CTCT v gi tn ru. c) Xc nh CTCT ru no X, bit t chy hon ton 1 mol X cn 4 mol O2 v X khng tham gia phn ng vi Cu(OH)2.

Cu 37: Gii thch v sao ru etylic v imetyl ete c cng CTPT l C 2H 6O nhng li c to S khc nhau? v ti sao ru etylic v propan c khi lng phn t gn bng nhau nhng c nhit si khc nhau? o o o o to to S (C2H5OH) = 78,3 C ; tS (CH3OCH3) = -23,7 C ; S (C3H8) = - 42 C Cu 38: Khi mi phn t ru loi i mt phn t nc ( iu kin t o, xc tc thch hp) th to ra cc sn phm chnh l g? Vit phng trnh phn ng, gi tn sn phm. a) Propanol - 1 c) 2 - metyl butanol - 2 b) Butanol - 2 d) 3,3 - imetyl butanol 2 Cu 39: a) Vit phng trnh phn ng ca glixerin vi Na, Cu(OH)2, axit nitric v axit stearic(xt, t0). Gi tn sn phm to thnh b) Gii thch ti sao etylenglicol v glixerin ho tan c Cu(OH)2 nhng C2H5OH li khng c kh nng ? Cu 40: C 7 ng phn cu to ca ru v ete c cng thc phn t C4H10O. a) Cho bit cng thc cu to ca 7 hp cht ny. b) Ly 2 trong s 7 hp cht trn cho vo 2 chai khng nhn. Da vo kt qu thc nghim sau hy cho bit 2 cht l cht no v n nh cc ch ci ng (A, B) cho 2 cht ny v vit tt c cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra: - A, B ch thc hin phn ng tch nc (H2SO4 c, 1800C), mi cht ch to mt anken. - Khi oxi ho A, B bng oxi (Cu, t0), mi cht cho mt andehit. - Khi cho cc an ken to ra t A, B hp nc (H+) th anken ca B cho ru bc 1 v bc 3. Cu 41: Khi lm khan ru C2H5OH c ln mt t nc ngi ta c th dng mt trong cc cch sau y: - Cho CaO mi nung vo ru. - Cho CaCl2 khan vo ru. Gii thch l do s dng cc phng php trn, vit phng trnh phn ng. Cu 42: a) Nu nh ngha ru bc 2. Vit CTCT v gi tn cc ru bc 2 c cng cng thc C5H12O. un nng hn hp cc ru vi H2SO4 c 180oC. Hy vit CTCT v gi tn cc sn phm chnh. b) C nhiu v tai nn giao thng xy ra do ngi li xe ung ru. Hm lng ru trong mu ngi li xe khng c vt qu 0,02% theo khi lng. xc nh hm lng , ngi ta chun ru bng K2Cr2O7 trong mi trng axt, khi Cr2O7-2 cho Cr+3. - Hy vit v cn bng phng trnh phn ng . - Khi chun 25,0 gam huyt tng mu ca mt ngi li xe cn dng 20,0 ml K2Cr2O7 0,01M. Nu ngi y li xe th c hp php hay khng? ti sao? gi thit rng trong th ngim trn ch ring etanol tc dng vi K2Cr2O7. c) Hp cht A c cng thc C2H6D (D l oteri). A tc dng vi Na gii phng mt cht kh. Hy xc nh cu to ca A v vit s iu ch n xut pht t cc cht v c cn thit. Cu 43: Bng phng php ho hc hy: a) Phn bit hai ru: metylic v etylic b) Phn bit ru propanol - 1 (A) v propanol - 2 (B) c) Vit cc phng trnh phn ng t (A) iu ch ra (B) v ngc li. d) Phn bit cc ru sau: etylic; glixerin; iso - propylic.

Cu 44: Cho ru no (X), t chy hon ton 1 mol ru cn 3,5 mol O2. a) Xc nh CTPT, CTCT v gi tn X. b) T n- butan v cc cht v c, cng iu kin cn thit vit phng trnh phn ng iu ch ru X. Cu 45: Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng theo cc s sau ( ghi r iu kin phn ng nu c). CH3COOC2H5 a) C6H12O6 CH3CHO
(22) (2) (1) (6) (7)

(3)

C2H4
(4) (5)

(23)

C2H4(OH)2 (25)

(24)

OHC-CHO
(11) (12)

C2H5OH
(8) (9) (13)

(10)

C4H6
(14)

Cao su Buna CH4

(16)

C2H5Cl
(21)

CH3COOH CH3OCH3 B
(3) (5)

CH3COONa CH3OH

(15)

(17)

C4H10

C2H2 b) Tinh bt

(20) (1)

C2H6 A
(2)

(4)

(19)

(18)

HCHO

Cao su buna F

(6)

(7)

+ B (8)

c)

(1)

B D

(2)

E F

(3)

G (C2H6O) K (C2H6O) B2
+H2O (4) OH +H2O OH (7)

A
(4) (5) (6)

(3)

d)

Propile B1 2 askt (2) Ni, to (1) n (6)

+H2

+Cl

B3

+O2 (5) Cu, to +O2 (8) Cu, to

B4

C2

C3

C4