515

4th Generation VLC courtesy of Edison2
515 - An Introduction to FEA via Solid Edge and FEMAP

Mark Sherman, Director or Femap Development, Siemens PLM Software
Unrestricted Siemens AG 2013 All rights reserved.
#SEU13
Agenda: 515 - An Introduction to FEA via Solid Edge and FEMAP

Who am I? What you will learn Solid Edge capabilities Demonstrations Benefits of this topic How to learn more
4th Generation VLC courtesy of Edison2
Unrestricted Siemens AG 2013 All rights reserved. Page 2 Siemens PLM Software
About: Mark Sherman

Mark Sherman Director or Femap Development Siemens PLM Software
What you will learn

This session will cover the basics of Finite Element Analysis with an emphasis on how to use FEA tools to effectively influence the design process and increase product quality and performance. Proper application of the tools provided in both Solid Edge and FEMAP will be discussed. This session should be useful to designers and engineers who want to more fully understand the structural, dynamic and thermal performance of individual parts and complex systems. Fundamental concepts of FEA will be discussed, as well as advanced topics and advanced analysis disciplines, including highlights from the next day's FEMAP Symposium.
A Brief History of FEA and FEM

The concept of a Finite Element was introduced by Prof. R.W. Clough of UC Berkeley in 1960 at an ASCE Conference. NASTRAN (NASA STRuctural ANalysis) was developed for NASA by a consortium of several companies for the analysis of the Saturn V rocket. Siemens PLM Software acquired MSC.Nastran source code in 2003 and has greatly improved the performance and capabilities of NX Nastran through the latest release of NX Nastran 8.1 Finite Element Modelers(Pre/Post Processors), the tools used to generate Finite Element meshes and view results, were first commercialized in the 1970s.
Siemens PLM Software began the first commercial offering of FEM software with the introduction of SDRC SuperTab in the 1970s.
Siemens continues to support the analysis community with Femap and NX CAE pre/post-processors.
The Solution
Consider a single degree of freedom system a simple spring:
Apply the following conditions to generate a system of simultaneous equations where displacements are the unknowns:
Equilibrium of forces and moments
Strain- displacement relations Stress-strain relations
?
Ku=P
(static analysis)
K: spring stiffness P: applied load
u: displacement
Solution for Multiple DOFs

Any real structure can be modeled as a collection of elements connected at nodes
With many elements and nodal dofs, a matrix approach to the solution is adopted
Element stiffness matrix

k11 k12
1
ka
2
kb
3
ka =
k21 k22
All element matrices are assembled into a global stiffness matrix

ka11 ka12 ka22 + kb22 kb32 kb23 kb33
Kgg =
ka21
Modeling of Real Structures

The behavior of the real structure is obtained by considering the collective behavior of the discrete elements. The user is responsible for the subdivision or discretization of real-world structures. Element choice has significant influence on the behavior A graphic preprocessor such as FEMAP/SE Simulation is the key tool for generating a model that accurately simulates real world structures
Contributions from all other elements
ka
-ka
ka + kb -kb -kb kb
Kgg =
-ka
nxn
Small Example
Small Example
Ku=P
(static analysis) u = K-1 P
Small Example in FEMAP
FEA in Solid Edge and FEMAP

Solid Edge Simulation Linear Static FEMAP w/NX Nastran
Normal Modes Buckling

Steady State Heat Transfer Nonlinear Advanced Nonlinear Superelement Aeroelasticity Advanced Dynamics *Geometric NL in ST6
Linear Static Analysis

Solid Edge FEMAP
Isotropic Materials Tri/Quad Shell Elements Beam Elements Tetrahedral Solid Elements Loads Forces, Pressures Constraints
Isotropic Materials Tri/Quad Shell Elements Beam Elements Tetrahedral Solid Elements More Element Types Composite Laminates Equation Based Loads Data Surface Loads Additional Load Types

90%+ of all FEA projects 100% Linear if you double the loads, you get double the response Material stays in the elastic range return to original shape Small Deformation Maximum Displacement much smaller than characteristic dimensions of the part being studied, i.e. displacement much less than the thickness of the part Loads are applied slow and gradually, i.e. not Dynamic or Shock Loading
Siemens PLM Software
Unrestricted Siemens AG 2013 All rights reserved. Page 14

What can you expect to learn from a linear static Finite Element Analysis
Displacements
Load Paths
Stress
Important Guidelines
Linear Analysis is small displacement, small angle theory Must use nonlinear analysis if the displacement changes the stiffness or loads Pressure loads on flat surfaces, have no membrane component unless nonlinear large displacement solution performed.(load carried by bending stiffness only) Linear contact is a misnomer, contact condition is iterative solution, but no other nonlinear effects are considered. Mesh density required is a function of the desired answers Must have enough nodes so model can deform smoothly like the real structure. In general, accurate stresses require more elements than accurate displacements. Goal is for a small stress gradient across any individual element Normal modes should always be run before any dynamic solution Confirm model behavior, stiffness and mass properties are correct
Example Truss Model
Live Example Simple Truss
Example Truss Model
Beam Model Initial Sizing General Idea of Deflection and even Stress Level Model Checkout Run Modes! Symmetry in Mode Shapes
Example Shell Model
Beyond the Beam Model Crippling Nonlinear Failure Beam Models will show column buckling Shell Models can detect flange instabilties
Example Solid Model
Details Glued Connection
Detailed Local Model

Free Body Interface Load Check Strength of Weld 288.56 #/inch weld shear
163.96 #/inch weld tension
================================================================================================================ ** TOTAL SUMMATION **: 5.90822887, -563.430786, 320.078766, 188.497498, -4.823166E-5, 6.9473767
Detailed Sub-Model
Extract Sub-Model Apply Free Edge Displacements (or loads)
Refine mesh in area of interest

Better results
Linear Statics - Stresses

To accurately recover stresses in shell and solid elements, the mesh must be very dense in areas of high stress gradients
Stress Changing Too Fast Across One Element
Stresses from the Web

To accurately recover stresses in shell and solid elements, the mesh must be very dense in areas of high stress gradients
Stress Changing Less Across an Element More Accurate

Keeping Model Size Reasonable Increase the Mesh Density where you need it, decrease it where you dont
Guidelines for Good Stress Interpretation Singularities
Guidelines for Linear Static Analysis - Stresses
Remember the limitations of Linear analysis Increase Mesh Density in High Stress Regions Ignore Stress Answers at Singularities Zero Radius Fillets Inside Corners
Loaded and Constrained Nodes
Advanced Dynamics Examples

Frequency response analysis is used to compute structural response to steady-state oscillatory excitation. Examples of oscillatory excitation include rotating machinery, unbalanced tires, and helicopter blades. In frequency response analysis the excitation is explicitly defined in the frequency domain. Excitations can be in the form of applied forces and enforced motions (displacements, velocities, or accelerations).
Request responses between 50 and 80 Hz, every 0.05 Hz

Advanced Dynamics Examples
Live Demo Use the finite element model to adjust the design to avoid
FEMAP Symposium
FEMAP Symposium Preview Overview of what our FEMAP Partners do with the software Provide idea
SDC Verifier - Wouter van den Bos
The goal of SDC Verifier is checking structures according to standards and report generation.
34
www.sdcverifier.com
Report Generation in Designer

Print and Preview without Word Export To Word
Toolbox with all project items
Regenerate part of report
Edit properties with context menu easily
Move items (Drag and Drop) Edit Item Properties
Extra Items
35
www.sdcverifier.com
Fatigue Essentials/Stress-Life Made Easy with Femap - George Laird, Predictive Engineering Inc
Fatigue Analysis
Frederic Boilard, MAYA and Eric Preissner, PEC Using Femap for Large Space System Analysis SAToolkit for Femap
Random and Sine solutions from Nx NASTRAN normal modes results Efficient post-processing of Nx Nastran results
Ranking, sorting, enveloping, filtering Summaries by groups, subcases, etc. Margins of safety for different failure types Direct manipulation of .op2 file data Extremely efficient for large models
Automatic Femap compatible graphical results Automatic report generation

HTML, MS Excel, ASCII
SAToolkit suite
Random vibration processor

Sine vibration processor
Element force processor Energy processor Modal processor
Stress processor
Grid point force processor Mass processor
Femap / Excel API
Allow to link Excel and Femap Permits to drive Femap changes from Excel Material import / export
MAT1, MAT2 and MAT8
Property import / export

CBAR, CBEAM, CBUSH, PSHELL, PSOLID and CONM2
Create groups from nodes and element ranges Extract mass per properties or group for easy mass tuning
Simulating Drop Loads Impact on a Structure with Femap and NX Nastran - John LeCour, Saratech
Proper use of Rigid elements to model masses How to define impact conditions Assessing different solutions for impact assessments Setting up a Transient Solution for impact loads
Tips for Debugging Finite Element Models in Femap and Nastran - David Weinberg, NEi Software Diagnose Common Problems when models dont run Singularities Disconnected Elements Mixed Mesh Shell/ Solid Mesh Issues
Quad Element In-Plane Rotations
Nonlinear Analysis Using Femap with NX Nastran - Chip Fricke, Principal Application Engineer
Overview of Nonlinear Analysis
Comparison of the NX Nastran Nonlinear and NX Nastran Advanced Nonlinear Solvers

Nonlinear Material Models
Example Large Deformation using both NX Nastran Nonlinear and Advanced Nonlinear
NX Nastran Basic Nonlinear Analysis NX Nastran Advanced Nonlinear Analysis Femap Examples and NX Nastran Technical References
What Defines Nonlinear Analysis

Material Nonlinearity Transient (time-dependent) loading Large displacement Contact due to Closure or opening of large gaps Rigid contact bodies Double-sided contact Edge to Edge contact Collision or impact
Load Direction Changes with Deflection
Advanced Postprocessing Using the Femap API - Patrick Kriengsiri, Senior Software Engineer
How Output is Stored in the FEMAP Database
Attached Results vs. Internalized Results

Controlling Output Display with the FEMAP View Object Output Set and Output Vector Objects FEMAP Results Browsing Object Output Processing
Creating User Output

Importing Custom Output Data
Existing FEMAP APIs Andy Haines - Applications Engineer - FEMAP

An rundown of existing FEMAP API scripts including: Stress Linearization Tool Calculate and Thicken Tool for shell elements for variable thickness geometry Hide/Show Entities Tool for easy manipulation of viewable entities Auto Bolt-maker Tool for creating spider and beam bolts
CBUSH Reference Coordinate System visualization

Other useful tools currently available
FEMAP Tips and Tricks Andy Haines - Applications Engineer - FEMAP

A chance to learn about lesser known functionality already available in the FEMAP product in the following areas: User Interface Geometry Modeling Visualization
Analysis
Post-Processing
Dynamic Response Analysis with External Superelements - Joe Brackin, Senior Software Engineer
One efficient technique for performing system level dynamic analysis is to use Craig-Bampton style external superelements for some components. Femap now supports the creation and use of external superelements. By adding the Craig-Bampton modal information to the standard external superelement, we can very efficiently increase the accuracy of the dynamic behavior of the component. We will demonstrate the creation and use of CraigBampton style external superelements in a system level normal modes analysis in Femap. This example will demonstrate the use of external superelements to perform a normal modes solution of a rocket system composed of 3 components. Example steps: 1) Solve for the normal modes of the rocket system without superelements. 2) Create an external superelement representing each booster. 3) Create a normal modes solution for the center tank and attach the booster external SE. 4) Create a new booster external SE with Craig-Bampton modes added. 5) Perform a second rocket system normal modes solution using the Craig-Bampton booster to demonstrate the increased accuracy.

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4th Generation VLC courtesy of Edison2

515 - An Introduction to FEA via Solid Edge and FEMAP

Unrestricted Siemens AG 2013 All rights reserved.

Agenda: 515 - An Introduction to FEA via Solid Edge and FEMAP

4th Generation VLC courtesy of Edison2

About: Mark Sherman

What you will learn

A Brief History of FEA and FEM

K: spring stiffness P: applied load

Solution for Multiple DOFs

Element stiffness matrix

All element matrices are assembled into a global stiffness matrix

Modeling of Real Structures

Contributions from all other elements

(static analysis) u = K-1 P

Small Example in FEMAP

FEA in Solid Edge and FEMAP

Normal Modes Buckling

Linear Static Analysis

Linear Static Analysis

Unrestricted Siemens AG 2013 All rights reserved. Page 14

Linear Static Analysis

Example Truss Model

Live Example Simple Truss

Example Truss Model

Example Shell Model

Example Solid Model

Details Glued Connection

Detailed Local Model

163.96 #/inch weld tension

Refine mesh in area of interest

Linear Statics - Stresses

Stress Changing Too Fast Across One Element

Stresses from the Web

Linear Statics - Stresses

Stress Changing Less Across an Element More Accurate

Linear Statics - Stresses

Linear Statics - Stresses

Guidelines for Good Stress Interpretation Singularities

Guidelines for Linear Static Analysis - Stresses

Loaded and Constrained Nodes

Advanced Dynamics Examples

Request responses between 50 and 80 Hz, every 0.05 Hz

Advanced Dynamics Examples

SDC Verifier - Wouter van den Bos

Siemens PLM Software

Report Generation in Designer

Toolbox with all project items

Regenerate part of report

Edit properties with context menu easily

Move items (Drag and Drop) Edit Item Properties

Unrestricted Siemens AG 2013 All rights reserved. Page 35

Siemens PLM Software

Automatic Femap compatible graphical results Automatic report generation

Random vibration processor

Femap / Excel API

Property import / export

Quad Element In-Plane Rotations

Comparison of the NX Nastran Nonlinear and NX Nastran Advanced Nonlinear Solvers

What Defines Nonlinear Analysis

Load Direction Changes with Deflection

Attached Results vs. Internalized Results

Creating User Output