Fuel Economy & Alternative Fuels

An Independent and Collaborative Approach Methodology and Best Practice 22nd September 2009 Heritage Motor Centre, Gaydon, Warwickshire

Volvo Trucks

Ray Cattley

Our greatest challenge

Strategies for a sustainable future

Find out more at www.volvo.com/trucks/global/en-gb/values/environment/Environment.htm

One solution is not enough!

Energy efficiency

Alternative fuels

CO2 Neutral Truck Assembly

Volvo Europa Trucks Ghent Volvo Trucks largest assembly plant in the world 32,000 trucks pa

CO2 Neutral Truck Assembly

Volvo Truck Ghent Energy efficiency program

Volvo Trucks, Ghent - CO2 Savings

Solar Panels 8.4t Energy Efficiency 3,500t Alp Hydro Electricity 3,450t

= s g n i v a S Bio-oil Boiler 2 1,200t O C l a u n n A

t 4 . 8 0 4 14

Wind Turbines 3,450t

Wood Residue Boiler 2800t

Fresh ideas for cleaner air

Less fuel = less emissions Cleaner fuel = Cleaner emissions Quality on diesel International regulations for alternative fuels

Reduced Exhaust Emissions

CO2 Emissions from Trucks

Litre diesel

kg CO2 emissions

Electrical options Heavy trucks

Battery Type Energy Density Wh/kg Lead acid Nickel metal hydride Lithium-ion Sodium nickel chloride 40 80 150 300 110

Diesel
UK Grid electricity Diesel

11,500
0.54667kgCO2/kWh 0.26328kgCO2/kWh

Ref http://www.defra.gov.uk/environment/business/reporting/conversion-factors.htm

Reduced fuel consumption

Volvo FH 40 ton in traffic

8mpg = 34.4g CO2/payload t km

M 8mpg - Pre Euro@32t GCW

CM 8mpg Euro 1@ 38t GCW

CM 8mpg - Euro 5 @ 44t GCW

Global Warming Emissions In Perspective

Best in class light vans Ford Fiesta 1.4l Durateq = 110 g CO2/km http://www.vca.gov.uk/vandata/vehicles.aspx payload 514kg, tested unladen = 214 g CO2/tonne payload/km

Typical regional distribution HGV 8mpg at 44t 26t payload = 35 g CO2/tonne payload/km

Leader in hybrid technology

Fuel savings up to 30%

London Bridge - Route 141 - Palmers Green

Alternative Low Carbon Fuels

Evaluated alternative fuels

Liquid

Gas

Combination

Seven criteria considered 1. Climate impact 2. Energy efficiency 3. Land use efficiency 4. Fuel potential 5. Vehicle adaptation 6. Fuel cost 7. Fuel infrastructure

Impact of Alternative Fuels Climate Change

Climate impact Energy efficiency Land use efficiency Fuel potential Vehicle adaptation Fuel cost Fuel infrastructure

Biodiesel Synthetic diesel DME Dimethylether Methanol - /Ethanol Methanol/ Ethanol Biogas Biogas + Biodiesel Hydrogen + Biogas

Impact of Alternative Fuels Energy Efficiency

Climate impact Energy efficiency Land use efficiency Fuel potential Vehicle adaptation Fuel cost Fuel infrastructure

Biodiesel Synthetic diesel DME Dimethylether Methanol - /Ethanol Methanol/ Ethanol Biogas Biogas + Biodiesel Hydrogen + Biogas

Impact of Alternative Fuels Land Use

Climate impact Energy efficiency Land use efficiency Fuel potential Vehicle adaptation Fuel cost Fuel infrastructure

Biodiesel Synthetic diesel DME Dimethylether Methanol - /Ethanol Methanol/ Ethanol Biogas Biogas + Biodiesel Hydrogen + Biogas

Renewable fuels - km/hectare/year kph

Comparing energy efficiency of fuels Examine distance a 40t truck can be driven form crops grown on 1 hectare of land each year.

Shrinking Planet or Growing Population?

Ref Arup 2008

Impact of Alternative Fuels Fuel Potential

Climate impact Energy efficiency Land use efficiency Fuel potential Vehicle adaptation Fuel cost Fuel infrastructure

Biodiesel Synthetic diesel DME Dimethylether Methanol - /Ethanol Methanol/ Ethanol Biogas Biogas + Biodiesel Hydrogen + Biogas

Impact of Alternative Fuels Vehicle Adaptation

Climate impact Energy efficiency Land use efficiency Fuel potential Vehicle adaptation Fuel cost Fuel infrastructure

Biodiesel Synthetic diesel DME Dimethylether Methanol - /Ethanol Methanol/ Ethanol Biogas Biogas + Biodiesel Hydrogen + Biogas

Impact of Alternative Fuels Fuel Cost

Climate impact Energy efficiency Land use efficiency Fuel potential Vehicle adaptation Fuel cost Fuel infrastructure

Biodiesel Synthetic diesel DME Dimethylether Methanol - /Ethanol Methanol/ Ethanol Biogas Biogas + Biodiesel Hydrogen + Biogas

Impact of Alternative Fuels Fuel Infrastructure

Climate impact Energy efficiency Land use efficiency Fuel potential Vehicle adaptation Fuel cost Fuel infrastructure

Biodiesel Synthetic diesel DME Dimethylether Methanol - /Ethanol Methanol/ Ethanol Biogas Biogas + Biodiesel Hydrogen + Biogas

BioDME - Unique project to drive progress

Industrialised production of an environmentally optimised future bio-fuel for road transport From biomass to utilisation in vehicles

DME Di Methyl Ether High energy efficiency conversion to fuels Can be distilled from many biomass waste products food, wood residues Gas with low Global Warming impact Degrades quickly in atmosphere No adverse affects if boils off

Volvo Trucks Challenge Volvo Logistics 20% CO2 Reduction 2008 to 2010
Reducing CO2 emissions from transporting goods to and from our factories

Fuel saving management Efficient logistics Blending of biofuel in diesel Younger vehicles

5 - 15% 5% 5 - 30% 5% 20 - 45% potential

Vision: Climate Neutral Transports

Target: Reduce CO2 emissions by 50% until 2020

A cooperation between Preem, Schenker, Volvo Trucks, the Swedish Road Administration, Chalmers and Gteborg University
INFRASTRUCTURE FUELS VEHICLES LOGISTICS RESEARCH

How are you managing?

Fuel costs Legislation Management pressure Telematics Time and knowledge CPC + Driver Development

An active consultancy
Telematics offer ability to obtain the data needed to start But do you have the time, knowledge & resources to find ways to improve? If not, we can help; Actively work with you: Analyse your situation Devise a solution Help to implement, manage and monitor long term

Driver Development
Serious accident Harsh braking Too many brake engagements Unnecessary gear-shifts

High fuel-consumption
High repair-costs Stressed behaviour Stressed behaviour

THE VOLVO SOLUTION.

Total Savings 1 week 1107.79 1,692.96kg CO

Case Study R.W. Simpson

Background Using Dynafleet since 2005 At an advanced stage of measuring fuel usage Combine Dynafleet with ongoing driver development and driver fuel incentive system Results

9 million kms per year 5% saving in fuel 120,000 annual saving 364 tonnes CO2 reduction Less accidents Better image

Our greatest challenge

Strategies for a sustainable future

Find out more at www.volvo.com/trucks/global/en-gb/values/environment/Environment.htm

CO2 Neutral Truck Assembly

Volvo Truck Ghent Worlds first CO2-neutral truck factory Efficient use of energy 23% lower energy over last 4 years 30% increase in unit production Dcor, lighting and heat control Infrared analysis of thermal losses

CO2 Neutral Truck Assembly

Volvo Truck Ghent Worlds first CO2-neutral truck factory Efficient use of energy 23% lower energy over last 4 years 30% increase in unit production Dcor, lighting and heat control Infrared analysis of thermal losses Renewable energy sources Wind power 3 x 2MW turbines

CO2 Neutral Truck Assembly

Volvo Truck Ghent Worlds first CO2-neutral truck factory Efficient use of energy 23% lower energy over last 4 years 30% increase in unit production Dcor, lighting and heat control Infrared analysis of thermal losses Renewable energy sources Windpower 3 x 2MW turbines Bio-oil boiler CNG to bio-oil - for summer and winter peak Wood residue pellet boiler 5MW

CO2 Neutral Truck Assembly

Volvo Truck Ghent Worlds first CO2-neutral truck factory Efficient use of energy 23% lower energy over last 4 years 30% increase in unit production Dcor, lighting and heat control Infrared analysis of thermal losses Renewable energy sources Windpower 3 x 2MWh turbines Bio-oil boiler CNG to bio-oil - for summer and winter peak Wood residue pellet boiler Hydro Electricity from Alps
Compagnie Nationale du Rhone

I-SAM Parallel hybrid

Vehicle control Powertrain control
Conventional driveline
Diesel engine AMT gearbox Clutch
Diesel engine AMT gearbox
Powertrain Control

Clutch

Electric driveline
Electric motor/generator Power electronics Battery

Electric motor/ generator

Battery

Power electronics

The new FE Hybrid powertrain

7-litre engine I-Shift I-SAM 3-phase synchronous motor 120 kW / 800 Nm Integrated power converter AC/DC DC/DC converter 600 V / 24 V 600 V DC Lithium-ion battery

Driver in focus

Tools to measure CO2 emissions

Dynafleet telematics Environmental Report Environmental Product Declaration EPD calculator available on the internet

THE VOLVO SOLUTION.

Driver Development

Serious accident

Harsh braking Too many brake engagements Unnecessary gear-shifts

High fuel-consumption
High repair-costs Stressed behaviour Customer complaints