PLUMBING SYSTEMS-2 (Design of Domestic Water Supply and Distribution System)

Design of Domestic Water Supply and Distribution System

General Requirements Of Water Supply System:

Only potable water shall be supplied to fixtures and equipment at which water is provided for purposes, such as drinking, cooking, food preparation, washing of dishes and kitchen utensils. The system shall be designed from the based on the per capita supply, the below tables explains about the water consumption per person per day at different applications.
The tables are taken from National Building Code-2005

In dwellings the resident's water consumption is divided between the many appliances. A typical percentage break down provided by the Environment Agency is: 1. WC suite 32% 2. washing machine 12% 3. Kitchen sinks 15% 4. Bath 15% 5. Basin 9% 6. Shower 5% 7. Outside supply 3% 8. Miscellaneous 9%

Water Supply for Fire Fighting Purposes The Authority shall make provision to meet the water supply requirements for fire fighting in the city /area, depending on the population density and types of occupancy. Source of Water Corporation or Municipal water Tube or Bore well water Tanker water Recycled or Gray water Water Demand And Estimate Load

Design of water supply pipes are based upon a) The number and kind of fixtures installed b) The fixture unit flow rate and c) The probable simultaneous use of these fixtures.

TOILET

9.0

BRANCH.8SIZING Item EWC's Health Faucet Urinal Wash Basin No of Fixtues 3 3 0 3 Toatl Fixture Load The pipe suitable for the above fixture load BRANCH.6SIZING Item EWC's Health Faucet Urinal Wash Basin No of Fixtues 5 5 0 0 Toatl Fixture Load The pipe suitable for the above fixture load Fixture Load per Unit Total Load 1 5 1 2 2 5 0 0 Fixture Load per Unit Total Load 1 3 1 2 2 3 0 6

10.0

BRANCH.9SIZING Item EWC's Health Faucet Urinal Wash Basin No of Fixtues 0 0 0 3 Toatl Fixture Load The pipe suitable for the above fixture load BRANCH.7SIZING Item No of Fixtues EWC's 2 Health Faucet 2 Urinal 0 Wash Basin 0 Toatl Fixture Load The pipe suitable for the above fixture load Fixture Load per Unit Total Load 1 2 1 2 2 2 0 0 Fixture Load per Unit Total Load 1 0 1 2 2 0 0 6

12

25

mm dia

20

mm dia

7.0

8.0

10

25

mm dia

20

mm dia

5.0

BRANCH.4SIZING

6.0

BRANCH.5SIZING

Item EWC's
Health Faucet Urinal Wash Basin

No of Fixtues 0
0 0 3 Toatl Fixture Load

Fixture Load per Unit Total Load 1 0 1 2 2 0 0 6

Item EWC's
Health Faucet Urinal Wash Basin

No of Fixtues 8
8 0 3 Toatl Fixture Load

Fixture Load per Unit Total Load 1 8 1 2 2 8 0 6

6 The pipe suitable for the above fixture load

22

The pipe suitable for the above fixture load

20

mm dia

32

mm dia

3.0

BRANCH.2SIZING
Item No of Fixtues EWC's 2 Health Faucet 2 Urinal 0 Wash Basin 0 Toatl Fixture Load Fixture Load per Unit Total Load 1 2 1 2 2 2 0 0

4.0

BRANCH.3SIZING
Item EWC's Health Faucet Urinal Wash Basin No of Fixtues 0 0 5 4 Toatl Fixture Load Fixture Load per Unit Total Load 1 0 1 2 2 0 10 8

18

The pipe suitable for the above fixture load

20

mm dia

The pipe suitable for the above fixture load

25

mm dia

1.0

HEADER SIZING Item EWC's Health Faucet Urinal Wash Basin No of Fixtues 13 13 5 7 Fixture Load per Unit Total Load 1 1 2 2 13 13 10 14

2.0

BRANCH.1SIZING Item EWC's Health Faucet Urinal Wash Basin No of Fixtues 5 5 0 0 Toatl Fixture Load The pipe suitable for the above fixture load Fixture Load per Unit Total Load 1 1 2 2 5 5 0 0

Toatl Fixture Load The pipe suitable for the above fixture load

50

10

40

mm dia

25

mm dia

NOTE : Please refer the above sheet for selection of diameter based on the fixture Load

Type of distribution System: 1. 2. 3. 4. Direct Supply Direct Pumping. Gravity System Hydro Pneumatic System

Direct Supply: Water supply to the required point is through the municipal direct supply, This system is applicable when there is continuous supply from the source. This system is adopted when adequate pressure is available round the clock at the topmost floor. With limited pressure available in most city mains, water from direct supply is normally not available above two or three floors.

PLUMBING

Direct Pumping : Water is pumped directly into the distribution system without the aid of any overhead tank,
except for flushing purposes. The pumps are controlled by a pressure switch installed on the line. Normally a jockey pump of smaller capacity installed which meets the demand of water during low consumption and the main pump starts when the demand is greater. The start and stop operations are accomplished by a set if pressure switches are installed directly on the line. In some installation, a timer switch is installed to restrict the operating cycle of the pump.

Gravity System: This is the most common of the distribution systems adopted by various type of buildings.

PLUMBING

Hydro pneumatic System: Hydro-pneumatic system generally eliminates the need for an over head tank and may
supply water at a much higher pressure than available from overhead tanks particularly on the upper floors, resulting in even distribution of water at all floors

HYDROPNEUMATIC SYSTEM
Mansion Floor (Separate Pressure Pump)
Service Floor

32nd Floor
Domestic Water Down Take

HIGH Level Riser

Flushing Water Down Take

Domestic Water Rising Main Flushing Water Rising Main

25rd Floor

Domestic Water UG Sump Sewage Treatment Plant Flushing Water Over Head Tank

Domestic Water Over Head Tank

MIDDLE Level Riser 15th Floor

Pressure Reducing Valves (PRV Typical A to detail)

LOW Level Riser

MLCP Floors 1st Floor GF Floor

Water Supply - Ring Main at 4th Floor Ceiling

BASEMENT FLOOR UG SUMP Domestic water supply Hydropneumatic Pumps

Flush water supply Hydro-pneumatic Pumps

STP

MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN HYDRO PNEUMATIC & GRAVITY SYSTEMS

SNO HYDRO PNEUMATIC SYSTEM GRAVITY SYSTEM

This system will ensure the water supply with Where as the atmospheric pressure in the OH tanks, constant pressure Across the taps and water will ensure the water flow with pressure in bottom points. floors, thus not meeting the requirements of top floors, due to the gravity. Reduced load on the bldg columns due to Extra load will be added on the bldg columns due to elimination of OHT OHT One or more parallel pumps are connected Separate pumping arrangement is for filling up the with VFD for constant water supply for whole OH tanks. bldg Constantly changing water consumption pattern make heavy demands on the adoptability of any system, which is not energy efficient in OHT system. In Gravity system, for lower demands, the main pump has to switch on for filling up of OHT with full load, Which is not energy Efficient.

Hydro pneumatic system will minimize the Labour required for filling up, cleaning, and operating and maintenance cost of the pump maintaining the OHT room
The system consists of stainless steel body, It is very difficult to maintain cleanliness and which ensure the water quality and prevents hygienity of the water as the OHT has to be cleaned rusting of equipment, thus maintaining the very often, which again dependent on the labour. hygienic water supply. High end fixtures can be used effectively Low end fixtures to be selected due to minimum pressure available in the view of staging height of OHT

INTERMEDIATE LEVEL STORAGE CISTERN

ZONED SUPPLY SYSTEM

CONVENTIONAL SYSTEM

HOT

WATER

UPFEED

CONVENTIONAL HOT WATER DOWNFEED SYSTEM

HOT WATER INVERTEDUPFEED SYSTEM

HOT WATER INVERTED COMBINATION DOWN FEED & UPFEED SYSTEM

WATER DEMAND CALCULATIONS

Water Storage Capacity: When the distribution system is thru gravity, then the following are the tank Capacities UG sump Capacity : 1.5 day capacity OHT capacity : 0.5 day Capacity When The distribution system is thru HPS, then the following are the tank Capacities UG sump Capacity : 2 day capacity and there will not be any OHT tanks.

DESCRIPTION OF PROJECT:
The proposed Office Building comprising of two level of parking & six levels of office work stations. The following will be explained briefly SI.NO. Floors Details 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Lower Stilt Floor Upper Stilt Floor First Floor Second Floor Third Floor Fourth Floor Fifth Floor Car Parking, Electrical Room, Drivers Rest room & Business Rooms etc., Car Parking & Electrical Room etc., Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room

8 9

Sixth Floor Terrace Floor

Offices, Server Room, Electrical Room & AHU Room Space for LMR & OHT
Water Requirement Total Water Dom per day/Person in requirement/da Water/day in Flush Water/day in Litres y in lts lts lts

WATER CALCULATION SHEET Occupancy Area/Sqm

Sl.No

Description OFFICE BLOCK

Total Population

1.0

Sixth Floor

2396

10 sqm/person 240

45

10782

30 lpd 7188

15 lpd 3594

2.0
3.0 4.0 5.0 6.0

Fifth Floor
Fourth Floor Third Floor Second Floor First Floor Total

2396
2396 2396 2396 2396 14376

240
240 240 240 240 1438

45
45 45 45 45

10782
10782 10782 10782 10782 64692

7188
7188 7188 7188 7188 43128

3594
3594 3594 3594 3594 21564

WATER CALCULATION SHEET Water Requirement per Total Water Dom day/Person in requirement/ Water/day in Flush Water/day Litres day in lts lts in lts

Sl.No Description OFFICE BLOCK

Occupancy Area/Sqm

Total Population

1.0 Sixth Floor

2396

10 sqm/person 240 240

240 240

45

10782

30 lpd 7188 7188

7188 7188

15 lpd 3594 3594

3594 3594

2.0 Fifth Floor

3.0 Fourth Floor 4.0 Third Floor

2396
2396 2396

45
45 45

10782
10782 10782

5.0 Second Floor

6.0 First Floor Total Total Water Capacity Per day in litres

2396
2396 14376

240
240 1438

45
45

10782
10782 64692

7188
7188 43128

3594
3594 21564

Litres

64692

Total Sewage Generated (STP CAPACITY) Toatl Effluent Recycle Available

Total Domestic Water per day in litres Total Flush Water per day in litres

Litres Litres
Litres Litres

56066 50460
43128 21564

43128 21564 (80% domestic Water+100% flush Water)

Storage Tank Sizes (Gravity System Distribution)

a. Capacity of Raw water sump

b. Capacity of Domestic water sump c. Capacity of Treated OHT d. Capacity Of Fire Water Tank e. Capacity of Fire OHT Tank

32 cum
32 cum 22 cum 200 cum 20 cum

f. Capacity of Flush water Tank (OHT)

g. Capacity of Soft water Tank

11 cum
7 cum

Water Tank And Pump Room Design : Types of Design : 1. Positive Suction.: Generally Positive suction means the suction of the pump shall be continuously flooded with water from the water tank or from the source. 2. Negative Suction : Generally in Negative suction the pump shall be place above the water tank, so the priming arrangement shall be done for effective working. Types of Construction: 1. Above Ground. a. Positive suction And Negative Suction b. Negative Suction. 2. Below Ground. a. Positive Suction b. Negative Suction. 3. Partially Below Ground. a. Positive Suction b. Negative Suction.

BELOW GROUND POSITIVE SUCTION:

POSITIVE AND NEGATIVE SUCTION :

BELOROUND POSITIVE SUCTION:

External Water Supply:

Building No :1 (Fixture Demand= 50)

FU=50 With 40 mm dia
FU=(65+50) With 50 mm dia

Building No :2 (Fixture Demand= 100)

FU=(100) With 50 mm dia

CENTRALISED OHT
FU=(295) With 50 mm dia

FU=65 With 40 mm dia

FU=(80) With 50 mm dia

Building No :3 (Fixture Demand= 65)

Building No :4 (Fixture Demand= 80)

DIFFERENT TYPES OF WATER SUPPLY PIPES