R Language Introduction

Introduction to R Language
What is R (Language)?

R is an open-source (GPL) programming language for statistical computing and graphics, made after S and S-plus language. The S language was developed by AT & T laboratories in late 80's. Robert Gentleman and Ross Ihaka started the research project of the statistics Department of the University of Auckland in 1995 and called R Language. R language is currently maintained by the R core-development team (international team of volunteer developers). The (R Project website) is the main site for information about R. From this page information about obtaining software, accompanying package and many other sources of documentation (help les) can be obtained. R provides a wide variety of statistical and graphical techniques such as linear and non-linear modeling, classical statistical tests, time series analysis, classication, multivariate analysis etc., as it is an integrated suite of software having facilities for data manipulation, calculation and graphics display. It includes
Eective data handling and storage facilities Have suite of operators for calculation on arrays,

particularly for matrices

Have

a large, coherent, integrated collection of intermediate tools for data analysis

Graphical data analysis conditions, loops, user-dene recursive functions and input

output facilities.

Obtaining R Software

R program can be obtained/ download from the R Project site the ready-to-run (binaries) les for several operating system such as Windows, Mac OS X, Linux, Solaris, etc. The source code for R is also available for download and can be compiled 1 Visit: http://itfeature.com

R Language Introduction for other platforms. R language simplies many statistical computations as R is a very powerful statistical language having many statistical routines (programming code) developed by people from all over the world and are freely available from the R project website (www.r-project.org) as "Packages". The basic installation of R language contains many powerful set of tools and it includes some basic packages required for data handling and data analysis. Many users of R think of R as a statistical system, but it is an environment within which statistical techniques are implemented. R can also be extended via packages.
Installing R

For windows operating system binary version is available from http://cran.r-project.org/bin/windows/base/. "R-3.0.0-win.exe. R-3.0.0" is the latest version of R released on 03-April-2013, by Duncan Murdoch. After downloading the binary le double click it, an almost automatic installation of the R system will start although the customized installation option is also available. Follow the instruction during the installation procedure. Once Installation process is complete, you have R icon on your computer desktop.
The R Console

When R starts, you will see Rconsole windows, where you type some commands to get required results. Note that commands are typed on RConsole command prompt. You can also edit the commands previously typed on command prompt by using left, right, up, down arrow keys, home, end, backspace, insert and delete key from keyboard. Command history can be get by up and down arrow keys to scroll through recent commands. It is also possible to type commands in a le and then execute the le using the source function in Rconsole.
Books

Following books can be useful for learning R and S language.

"Psychologie statistique avec R" by Yvonnick Noel.

Partique R. Springer, 2013. 2

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R Language Introduction
"Instant R: An introduction to R for statistical Analysis"

by Sarah Stowell. Jotunheim Publishing, 2012.

"Financial Risk Modeling and Portfolio Optimization with

R" by Bernhard Pfa. Wiley, Chichester, Uk, 2012.

"An R companion to Applied Regression" by John Fox

and Sanfor Weisberg, Sage Publications, Thousand Oaks, CA, USA, 2nd Edition, 2011, 2011

"R Graphs Cookbook" by Hrishi Mittal, Packt Publishing, "R in Action" by Rob Kabaco. Manning, 2010. "The statistical analysis with R Beginners Guide" by John

M. Quick. Packt Publishing, 2010.

"Introducing Monte Carlo Methods with R" by Christian

Robert and George Casella. Use R. Springer, 2010.

"R for SAS and SPSS users" by Robert A. Muenchen.

Springer Series in Statistics and Computing. Springer, 2009.

Web Sources

Following are some useful web source for learning R

http://www.gardenersown.co.uk/education/ lectures/r/index.htm data.princeton.edu/R/gettingStarted.html http://www.cyclismo.org/tutorial/R/

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