5

DRINKING WATER QUALITY PROCESS MANAGEMENT & CONTROL

5.1 Introduction
Technical and managerial skills are essential in any institution if high performance and compliance are the expected outputs. With the right skill sets in place many infrastructural and resource challenges can be mitigated if not completely overcome. The inverse also holds true. The best water treatment plants and the biggest budgets cannot be made to comply without the right technical and managerial skills.

This Key Performance Area aims to measure compliance to the regulation Classification of Water Services Works and Registration of Process Controllers (currently draft, to be gazetted). It places a renewed focus on the Operational and Maintenance skills requirements with the ultimate goal of ensuring that adequately skilled staff is employed to take charge of process control, plant maintenance and management.

CONTENT OF THIS SECTION Process Control and Compliance with Regulation Compliance with Water Treatment Plant Logbook requirements

5.2 Process Control and Compliance with Regulation -

The Minister of Water Affairs has under Section 9(1) (e) & (f) of the Water Services Act (No. 108 of 1997) made the regulations for the Classification of Water Services Works and Registration of Process Controllers (currently draft, to be gazetted). These regulations require Water Services Institutions to classify and/or register all water services works and every process controller on those water services works.

Process Controllers and Supervisors at each Figure 6: All Process Controllers must be water treatment plant are required to undergo trained to ensure that they have the required annual process training and Water Services skills Institution management must also be trained to ensure that they can undertake their duties with competence.

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Minimum Requirements to comply with Classification of Water Services Works and Registration of Process Controllers:
Copies of the classification certificates of all water EXAMPLE: treatment works, and registration of process controllers and supervisors/superintendents must be uploaded on the Blue Drop System and prominently displayed at the water treatment plant; The registration of process controllers and supervisors must comply with the requirements specified in Schedule IV of Classification of Water Services Works and Registration of Process Controllers for all shifts worked. The Water Services Institution must therefore provide information on shift patterns; Proof of experience and qualifications must be provided for shift workers performing process controlling tasks; Process Controllers and Supervisors must undertake the required hours of process training per year as specified in the Classification of Water Services Works and Registration of Process Controllers. Evidence of this training is required to be uploaded onto the Blue Drop System.

5.3 Compliance with Water Treatment Plant Logbook Requirements -

Each water treatment plant is required keep a reliable logbook where Process Controllers record events and data for the site, including water quality and quantity, treatment chemicals used and incidents. When incidents occur, the logbook is required to record the nature of the incident, and any corrective and/or preventative action taken, and the incident is required to be signed off by the relevant water treatment plant Superintendent. A representative from the Water Services Institution management is also required to sign the logbook to verify the effectiveness of the Corrective and/or Preventative action taken.

Minimum Requirements for Water Treatment Plant Logbook:

Daily logbook requirements include: Daily shift recordings of water quality (raw, process and final); Volume of water produced; Water loss at the works; Chemical dosing rates, chemical use and chemical stock levels; Equipment failures and repairs, and Incidents.

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When incidents occur, the following information is required to be recorded in the Logbook: Date of Incident; Site of Incident; Staff member who identified the incident; Details of non-conformance; Corrective and Preventative action taken; Signature by water treatment plant Superintendent, and Close-out signature by Drinking Water System Manager.

BONUS: An additional 15% (of the percentage allocated to KPA 2) can be achieved if Water Services Institutions can provide evidence significant non-commercial Blue Drop/Drinking Water Quality Management capacity building within in the sector. PENALTY: A 15% penalty (the percentage allocated to KPA 2) may be allocated on evidence of misconduct/failure to report and communicate incidents or falsifications of data recordings.

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DRINKING WATER QUALITY COMPLIANCE

6.1 Introduction
In general, compliance means conforming to a rule, such as a specification, policy, standard or law. The quality of drinking supplies must comply with the national standard for drinking water quality.

In South Africa, SANS (South African National Standard) 241 specifies the quality of acceptable drinking water (defined in terms of microbiological, physical, aesthetic and chemical determinands) at the point of delivery. Water meeting the standard is considered to be acceptable for lifetime consumption (this implies an average consumption of 2 litres of water per day for 70 years by a person weighing 60kg).

Drinking water quality compliance remains one of the most important Key Performance Areas as it represents the verification of whether the Water Safety Planning Process is working properly.

CONTENT OF THIS SECTION Drinking Water Quality Compliance Compliance Calculations Compliance and Risk Management

6.2 Drinking Water Quality Compliance -

All drinking water quality compliance data must be submitted to the Department of Water Affairs on the Blue Drop System (BDS) at a monthly frequency. This data will be used to calculate drinking water quality compliance. The total number of samples reported and drinking water quality data submitted to the Department of Water Affairs on the Blue Drop System (BDS) must correspond (or exceed) with the requirements of the monitoring programme (which is influenced by SANS 241 and the Water Safety Planning Process).

Drinking water quality data submitted must also correspond with the analysis value as captured on the laboratory data sheet and should be true to the value as determined during the analysis. Section 82 of the Water Services Act (Act 108 of 1998) makes it clear that it is a legal offence to tamper with drinking water quality data submitted to the Department of Water Affairs. Water Services Institutions must therefore submit all data (inclusive of failures) which will be used to calculate compliance.

SANS 241: 2011 limits

SANS 241: 2011 states that the water shall comply with the following numerical limits for the microbiological determinands as specified in Table 8. Where a microbiological value exceeds the numerical limit given in column 4 of Table 8, an unacceptable risk to human health is implied. As the microbiological value increases, an increasing risk to health is implied (SANS 241: 2011). 6-1

Table 8 Microbiological determinands Determinand E. coli a or faecal coliforms b Cytopathogenic viruses c Protozoan Parasites d Cryptosporidium spp Giardia spp Risk Acute health 1 Acute health 2 Unit Count per 100 mL Count per 10 L Standard Limits Not detected Not detected

Acute health 2 Acute health 2

Count per 10 L Count per 10 L Count per 100 mL Count per mL Count per 10 mL

Not detected Not detected 10 1 000 Not detected

Total coliforms e Operational f Heterotrophic plate count Operational c, g Somatic coliphages Operational a Definitive, preferred indicator of faecal pollution.
b

Indicator of unacceptable microbial water quality, could be tested instead of E. coli, but is not the preferred indicator of faecal pollution. Also provides information on treatment efficiency and after growth in distribution networks.
c

Confirms a risk of human infection and faecal pollution, and also provides information on treatment efficiency. The detection of selected viruses confirms faecal pollution of human origin.
d

Confirms a risk of infection and faecal pollution, and also provides information on treatment efficiency. The detection of selected protozoan parasites confirms a human health risk.
e

Indicates potential faecal pollution and provides information on treatment efficiency and after growth.

Process indicator that provides information on treatment efficiency, after growth in distribution networks and adequacy of disinfectant residuals.
g

Process indicator that provides information on treatment efficiency. (SANS 241: 2011)

SANS 241: 2011 also specifies that the water shall comply with the following physical, aesthetic and chemical numerical limits for lifetime consumption as specified in Table 9.

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Table 9 Physical, aesthetic, operational and chemical determinands Determinand Physical and aesthetic determinands Free chlorine Monochloramine Colour Conductivity at 25 C Odour or taste Total Dissolved Solids Turbidity b pH at 25 C
c

Risk Chronic health Chronic health Aesthetic Aesthetic Aesthetic Aesthetic Operational Aesthetic Operational Acute health - 1 Acute health - 1 Acute health - 1 Aesthetic Chronic health Aesthetic Aesthetic Aesthetic Aesthetic Chronic health Chronic health Chronic health Chronic health Chronic health Chronic health Acute health - 1 Chronic health Aesthetic Chronic health Chronic health Aesthetic Chronic health Chronic health Chronic health

Unit mg/L mg/L mg/L Pt-Co mS/m mg/L NTU NTU pH units mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L g/L

Standard Limits a 5 3 15 170 Inoffensive 1 200 1 5 5 9.7 11 0,9 500 250 1,5 1,5 300 200 5 20 10 3 50 500 2 000 70 2 000 300 10 500 100 6 70 10

Chemical determinands macro-determinands Nitrate as N d Nitrite as N

d

Sulfate as SO42Fluoride as F Ammonia as N Chloride as Cl Sodium as Na Zinc as Zn

Chemical micro-determinands Antimony as Sb Arsenic as As Cadmium as Cd Total Chromium as Cr Cobalt as Co Copper as Cu Cyanide (recoverable) as CN Iron as Fe Lead as Pb Manganese as Mn Mercury as Hg Nickel as Ni Selenium as Se

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Determinand Uranium as U Vanadium as V Aluminium as Al Total organic carbon as C Trihalomethanes Chloroform Bromoform Dibromochloromethane Bromodichloromethane Microcystin as LR e Phenols
a

Risk Chronic health Chronic health Operational Chronic health

Unit g/L g/L g/L mg/L

Standard Limits a 15 200 300 10

Chemical organic determinands

Chronic health Chronic health Chronic health Chronic health Chronic health Aesthetic

mg/L mg/L mg/L mg/L g/L g/L

0.3 0.1 0.1 0.06 1 10

The health-related numerical limits are based on the consumption of 2 L of water per day by a person of a mass of 60 kg over a period of 70 years.
b c d e

Values in excess of those given in column 4 may negatively impact disinfection. Low pH values can result in structural problems in the distribution system. This is equivalent to nitrate at 50 mg NO3/L and nitrite as 3 mg NO2/L.

Microcystin only needs to be measured where an algal bloom (20 000 cyanobacteria cells per millilitre) is present in a raw water source. In the absence of algal monitoring, an algal bloom is deemed to occur where the surface water is visibly green in the vicinity of the abstraction, or samples taken have a strong musty odour. (SANS 241: 2011)

Minimum Requirements for Drinking Water Quality Compliance:

To achieve the 30% allocated to this Key Performance Area (in Years 4 and 5), the results of the water quality monitoring programme must comply with the requirements of the latest version of SANS 241: Drinking Water: The water supplied in the drinking water services system must be classified as EXCELLENT according to the latest version of SANS 241; Water Services Institutions are required to upload all compliance monitoring data on the Blue Drop System, and Provide hard copies of all compliance data for the Blue Drop Assessment period.

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6.3 Compliance Calculations -

The required drinking water compliance calculations are derived from SANS 241: 2011. Three Key Performance Indicators will be considered for the Blue Drop Assessment: Compliance per determinand according to the Water Services Institutions monitoring programme (including overall compliance for all determinands monitored); Risk Assessment Defined Health Index, and Operational Efficiency Index The required compliance calculations will be performed on the Blue Drop System (BDS). It is essential that only validated analytical results are used for compliance verification purposes. An example of the compliance calculation is provided in Appendix C.

Compliance per Determinand

(A) Compliance per determinand for all the determinands included on the monitoring programme using the following method: A= Where DA is the total number of results complying with the numerical limits per determinand;

DA x100 DA total

DA total is the total number of analyses conducted per determinand. Overall compliance for all determinands monitored will also be calculated.

Risk Assessment Defined Health Index

(B) Compliance of all determinands identified during the risk assessment with an associated health effect using the following method: B= Where DB is the sum of the total number of results for all the determinands with an associated health effect complying with the numerical limits;

DB x100 DB total

DB total is the total number of tests conducted for all determinands with an associated health effect included above.

Operational Efficiency Index

(C) Compliance of operational determinands (turbidity and disinfectant residual) using the following method: C=

DC x100 DC total
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Where DC is the total number of operational results complying with numerical limits*;

DC total is the total number of operational tests conducted for all determinands included above. * Internal operating limits defined by each Water Services Institution will be used for disinfectant residuals

Performance of Drinking Water Systems

The performance of water supply systems shall be categorised according to the percentage of samples complying and the population served according to Table 10 (adapted from SANS 241: 2011): Table 10 Categorisation of water supply systems based on performance Quality of the water supply system Acute health 1 Microbiological (E. coli or faecal coliforms) Excellent Good Unacceptable Excellent Acute health 1 Chemical Good Unacceptable Excellent Chronic health Good Unacceptable Excellent Aesthetic Good Unacceptable Risk Assessment Defined Health (acute or chronic) Excellent Good Unacceptable Operational Efficiency (final water to distribution waters) Excellent Good Unacceptable Proportion (%) of samples complying Population size Up to 100 000 97 95 < 95 97 95 < 95 95 93 < 93 93 90 < 90 95 93 < 93 93 90 < 90 > 100 000 99 97 < 97 99 97 < 97 97 95 < 95 95 93 < 93 97 95 < 95 95 93 < 93 (adapted from SANS 241: 2011)

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6.4 Compliance and Risk Management -

Compliance monitoring forms part of the Water Safety Planning Process in that it provides the verification that the overall system design and operation is capable of consistently delivering water that complies with the numerical limits specified in SANS 241. If it does not, the management of risks is not adequate and relevant improvement plans should be revised and implemented.

PENALTY: A 25% penalty (of the percentage allocated to KPA 3) may be allocated on evidence of: A significant difference between actual available laboratory data and data on Blue Drop System as this may be evidence of withholding of selected compliance data or evidence of partial submission of data, and Less than 11 months of data available to assess compliance.

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MANAGEMENT, ACCOUNTABILITY & LOCAL REGULATION

7.1 Introduction
Assessment of management commitment (demonstrated by approval of relevant documents and allocation of adequate resources for drinking water quality management) and accountability (via publication of performance) is an important component of a Blue Drop Assessment.

Where water services are provided by an external Water Services Provider, the Water Services Authority regulates the provision of services by means of a contract (service level agreement). Alternately, where the Water Services Authority is the Provider, a Performance Agreement between the between the Senior Manager and Line Manager responsible for water services is required.

CONTENT OF THIS SECTION Management Commitment Publication of Drinking Water Quality Performance Service Level Agreement / Performance Agreement Requirements

7.2 Management Commitment -

Management commitment is essential for effective and efficient water quality management. Management commitment is required to be demonstrated by signed approvals of key documents: Water Safety Plan; Drinking Water Quality Monitoring Programme; Water Treatment Plant Logbook; Operations and Maintenance Budget, and Water Services Development Plan. Where relevant, signed approvals are required for both the Water Services Provider as well as the Authority.

Signature of these key documents and the Water Safety Plan in particular, indicates acceptance of the specified risk priorities and commitment to the implementation of the associated Improvement Plans. Management commitment is also required to be demonstrated by allocation of adequate human and financial resources to drinking water quality management. Evidence of budgets as well as expenditure per financial year is required to ensure that the money committed to improvement of the drinking water system was actually spent.

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7.3 Publication of Drinking Water Quality Performance -

One of the drivers of the Blue Drop Certification process is the requirement to communicate and publish performance results pertaining to drinking water services, including treatment to the general public in a manner that is informative, understandable to the layman, and honest. This Key Performance Indicator deals specifically with the requirement for annual publication of drinking water management performance against the requirements of SANS 241. It further requires the Water Services Institution to provide evidence of the various media used to communicate their results to the public.

Sections 23 of the Water Services Act (No. 108 of 1997) provides any client or potential client the right to access to information on the affairs and financial position of a Water Services Authority subject to the limitations necessitated by the rights enshrined in Chapter 2 of the Constitution. It therefore follows that a strive toward excellence in drinking water system management will lead a Water Services Institution to communicate relevant information, such as water quality performance information in an accessible manner to its stakeholders. It therefore follows that the Blue Drop Assessment process will acknowledge this and score a Water Services Institution accordingly.

The Blue Drop Assessment promotes and ensures that communication receives due attention and are done in a manner that is simple, yet efficient. This requirement is that drinking water results be published on a regular basis in a manner that will allow the layperson to understand the level of performance and impact of non-performance on public health. It also enhances the accountability factor in terms of a municipalitys responsibility to keep its constituency informed of the quality of drinking water being provided to them. The publications shall compare performance to SANS 241 and also benchmark against best practice where possible, and should be done at least once per year.

Posters can also be printed from the DWA Blue Drop website (http://www.dwa.gov.za/bluedrop) and used to promote the My Water and Blue Drop System (BDS) websites to the public:

Figure 7: Posters can be used to create drinking water quality awareness Drinking water systems which are already Blue Drop certified are required to provide evidence of Blue Drop/My Water marketing or awareness.

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The following forms of communication are acceptable to communicate drinking water quality performance: Web-based publication of results and drinking water quality performance; Annual performance reports by Water Services Institutions; Road shows by mayor and officials and verbal communication to the public Monthly newspaper clips and commentary; Annual chapter in the WSDP and IDP of the municipality Awareness campaigns that include status of water services

Should the Water services Institution utilise two or more means of communication, 100% scoring will be applied. While monthly submission of data onto the Blue Drop System is required, thus allowing the public access to the performance information via My Water, it will not be sufficient to allocate a full score for this Key Performance Indicator.

Minimum Requirements for Publication of Drinking Water Quality Performance:

Drinking water quality performance is required to be published annually; Drinking water quality results must be compared to SANS 241, and Drinking water quality performance must be published in at least two media forms.

7.4 Service Level Agreement Requirements -

If a Water Services Authority decides to appoint a Water Services Provider, there must always be a written agreement between the Water Services Authority and the Water Services Provider that meets all the necessary requirements as laid out in Section 19(5) of the Water Services Act (No. 108 of 1997) and the Municipal Systems Act (No. of 2000).

The contract must describe the scope of the water services to be provided by the Water Services Provider and must Set forth the manner in and the means by which any relevant portion of the water services development plan will be implemented; Designate the contract area in which the water services are to be provided and determine a procedure by means of which the contract area may be changed; Determine the conditions under which other Water Services Providers, both within and outside the jurisdictional boundaries of the Water Services Authority, may have access to and utilise any part of the water services works; Describe the levels of service and standards of service to be provided which, if variable, shall be defined for different geographic areas in the contract area accompanied by specific requirements, including time frames and where appropriate, accompanied by a capital development plan to achieve the target levels of the service; and 7-3

 Identify the water services works which shall form part of the contract and the process by which the Water Services Provider gains access to such water services works.

The contract is required to specify which Water Services Institution will apply for and obtain the water use licence. The contract must also require the Water Services Provider to prepare and maintain: A consumer charter; Adequate financial records and allow the Water Services Authority access to records to monitor and regulate the contract; A record of all existing and past consumers of water services dealt with in terms of the contract; An asset inventory including the condition and geographical location of all water services works covered by the contract and plans for asset management and maintenance, and A record of operations, maintenance, inspections and technical auditing.

The contract must also specify that the Water Services Provider is required to publish an annual report on performance against targets and indicators required under regulation 5 of the Water Services Act (No. 108 of 1997).

The contract must specify the manner in and the means by which the Water Services Authority will monitor the performance of the Water Services Provider. The contract should also specify penalties for non-performance. All contracts should be signed by both the Water Services Authority and Provider and should specify the duration of the contract.

In situations where the Water Services Authority is the Provider, evidence of a Performance Agreement between the Senior Manager and Line Manager responsible for water services is required to be provided.

Minimum Requirements for Service Level Agreements:

A written contract between the Water Services Authority and the Water Services Provider, signed by both parties and specifying: o o o o agreed volume of water to be provided on a daily basis; water quality monitoring and compliance arrangements; operation and maintenance specifications, and duration of the contract.

When the Water Services Authority is also the Provider, copies of Performance Agreements are also required.

BONUS: An additional 15% (of the percentage allocated to KPA 4) can be achieved if Water Services Institutions can provide evidence of publication of drinking water quality performance published in three or more different forms or media. 7-4

ASSET MANAGEMENT

8.1 Introduction
Water treatment processes are required to be managed to ensure the production of safe drinking water for the protection of public health and adequate structures are required to be in place to maintain, operate and manage available infrastructure according to acceptable asset management principles.

Healthy drinking water treatment systems are essential to the continued supply of high quality drinking water to consumers. The components which make up the system include the water impoundments, abstraction systems, treatment plants, bulk supply infrastructure, reservoirs and distribution networks and consumer take-off points.

It is essential that all assets are managed with the objective of prolonging the functionality thereof by operating it within its design limits and regular maintenance. This in accordance with the need to manage the assets in a cost effective manner for reasons: These assets represent major public investment; Well-run infrastructure is important for town/citys economic development; Proper operations are essential for public health & safety; Assets provide an essential customer service, and Proper asset management promotes efficiency.

CONTENT OF THIS SECTION Annual Process Audit Asset Register Availability of a Maintenance Team Operations and Maintenance Manual Maintenance Budget Design Capacity and Operational Capacity

8.2 Annual Process Audit -

It is important that each drinking water treatment facility is subjected to a technical assessment by a technically competent person to advise on process optimisation and technical (mechanical, civil and electrical) improvements required. It is also required that proof be provided that the reservoirs and distribution system was inspected to inform preventative maintenance programmes. These inspections/assessments/audits are to be performed at least once a year.

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The Process Audit will also evaluate if the plant is capable of achieving specific targets and can include the following aspects: Performance assessment to evaluate the plant efficiency by comparison of raw and final water qualities. This should include evaluation of plant flows and performance of each unit process; A unit process evaluation which focuses on size, structural and mechanical integrity of each unit process including pipes/pipelines; A design assessment of each unit process such as pump efficiency, sufficiency of back-up capacity, storage of chemicals, backwash efficiency, etc., and Operational assessment to focus on monitoring efficiency and operators competence and knowledge. In this way the Water Services Institution is able to plan for required training, refurbishments and upgrades if required.

Minimum Requirements for Process Audit:

A Process Audit is required to be undertaken annually; The Process Audit report must include findings and prioritised recommendations , and The Water Services recommendations. Institution must provide evidence of implementation of

8.3 Asset Register -

One of the most important components of asset management would be a proper Asset Register/inventory. The Water Services Regulation Programme will progress to requiring Asset Management Plans in the future and require a more detailed approach. A proper asset management plan would require that information in the asset register be used for planning purposes (life cost cycling), operations and maintenance scheduling, as well as critical assets identification.

Minimum Requirements for the Asset Register:

An asset register is a complete inventory of water treatment equipment and infrastructure and must include: Asset description; Location; Condition; Installation date; Remaining life, and Current and replacement value.

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8.4 Availability of Maintenance Team -

Maintenance of drinking water infrastructure is critical, and needs to be planned for in terms of civil, electrical, mechanical and possibly electronic maintenance aspects. Whilst a large metropolitan municipality may be in a position to have most of the maintenance expertise in-house, a small municipality may have to attend to the most basic maintenance aspects, whilst contracting in specialist maintenance functions. In either case, it is important to 1) plan, 2) cost and 3) resource the various maintenance functions.

Options to resource maintenance functions of water infrastructure and equipment in the municipal environment may include the following; In-house availability of the necessary expertise (in the Water section or in another technical department) Contractual arrangement with service providers (specialist pump, meter, valve, bearings, etc.) for routine maintenance and ad hoc provision Contractual arrangement with service provider for full basket of maintenance functions. Types of maintenance include: Preventative / routine: maintenance done on a consistent routine base to prevent unnecessary breakdown of infrastructure and ensure optimal functioning and energy efficiency of the equipment. This type of maintenance ensures that the plant can be operated to its full design capacity and optimal treatment expectations. This is best practice and the most cost effective way of caring for the backbone of water treatment. Emergency / reactive: maintenance done when breakdown has already occurred or when the equipment is in an advanced state of deterioration. This is reactively addressing problems when plant capacity and treatment efficiency has already been compromised. It may also be when an unforeseen event resulted in unexpected breakdown, even if routine maintenance practices are in place. This type of maintenance is usually 2 to 3 times more costly than preventative maintenance. Leakages in the distribution network are considered to require emergency maintenance due to the potential for introducing contamination into the reticulation network.

To ensure that all the maintenance activities are undertaken as required, every water treatment plant is required to have a Maintenance Schedule. This can be in simple tabular form or with the help of maintenance management software. Records of actual preventative and reactive maintenance undertaken are required to be kept. Assessors can also request examples of maintenance records for selected infrastructure as well as an age analysis of outstanding maintenance.

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Minimum Requirements for Maintenance Team:

To verify the availability of a competent Maintenance Team and to prove that adequate ongoing maintenance is being undertaken, the following information is required: An organogram of the Maintenance Team used for general maintenance work at the plant (both Mechanical and Electrical); In cases where the maintenance function is outsourced, a copy of the contract between the Water Services Institution and the Service Provider is required to serve as evidence of engagement of external maintenance expertise; Proof is required on team competency (internal or external). The Water Services Institution must present evidence on the Qualification & Experience of the supervisors of the Mechanical, Electrical and Civil sections of the Maintenance Team individual. A tradetest certificate is accepted as adequate evidence, and Records of planned maintenance schedules and planned and reactive maintenance undertaken for selected infrastructure must be presented to indicate that maintenance does take place on an on-going basis.

8.5 Operations and Maintenance Manual -

Any plant, irrespective of the type of technology, should have a site-specific Operations and Maintenance Manual in place to assist the plant Manager, Supervisor, Process Controllers, maintenance crew and scientific staff with their various planning, activities and monitoring aspects.

Minimum Requirements for the Operations and Maintenance Manual:

Structural, mechanical and electrical detail of plant; Daily duties and responsibilities; Troubleshooting; Standard Operating Procedures; Routine and Planned maintenance schedules; Operational Health and Safety Issues; Log sheets and records of operational/compliance monitoring; Contact details of supervisor/manager and protocol for emergencies, and Process & Instrument Diagrams.

A copy of the Front Page and Index of the Operations & Maintenance Manual is required to be uploaded onto Blue Drop System and presented to the Assessors at the Blue Drop Assessment, but the full manual must be available for inspection during the site visit.

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Process Controller daily duty sheets and log sheets, informed by the O&M Manual, will be reviewed during the Blue Drop Site Verification Inspection. Evidence will be required to be provided that these sheets are completed and signed by the Process Controller, with interventions included and signed by the water treatment plant Supervisor as required.

8.6 Maintenance Budget -

The Water Services Institution is required to provide proof of the drinking water system maintenance budget for the financial year prior to the Blue Drop Assessment period. The actual maintenance expenditure is required to be calculated as a percentage of the operating expenditure for the corresponding period. The operating expenditure is required to include: Electricity; Treatment chemicals, and Manpower. The raw water cost should be excluded from the operating expenditure.

EXAMPLE: Actual R 38 629 755 3 500 455 9% Budget R 48 823 792 5 490 136 11%

Total Operating Costs (Electricity, Chemicals & Manpower) Total Maintenance Costs Maintenance Costs as a percentage of Operating Costs

Minimum Requirements for Maintenance Budget per drinking water system:

Evidence of a Maintenance Budget is required for the financial year prior to the Blue Drop Assessment period; Data are required for the Maintenance and Operating expenditure for the financial year prior to the Blue Drop Assessment period; Maintenance expenditure is required to be >5% of operating expenditure to allow adequate time for maintenance.

Two benchmarks must also be considered in order for a system to be deemed excellent in the Blue Drop Assessments: The operations cost (inclusive of maintenance, exclusive of raw water cost) must exceed R1,0 million per Ml/d production capacity, unless a very convincing argument is provided as to why a lower budget figure is sufficient for the Water Services Institution. A figure of below R 0.75 million per Ml/d production capacity does not attract a full score. The maintenance budget (excludes capital works) must exceed R 0.25 million per Ml/d production capacity, unless a very convincing argument is provided as to why a lower budget 8-5

figure is sufficient for the Water Services Institution. A figure of below R 0.175 million per Ml/d production capacity does not attract a full score.

8.7 Design Capacity and Operational Capacity -

Drinking water treatment generally cannot exceed its design capacity without exposing the plant the increased risk of failure. In order to ensure that the consumers are not exposed to undue risk, the Process Controllers must know the capacity of the plant and must ensure that the plant is not operated beyond that capacity.

EXAMPLE:
400 350 300

Ml/day

250 200 150 100 50 0 Jan10 Feb10 Mar10 Apr10 May10 Jun10 Jul10 Aug10 Sep10 Oct10 Nov10 Dec10

Outflow (ML/day)

Design capacity (ML/day)

(Average Outflow/Design capacity) = 74.3%

Minimum Requirements for Water Treatment Plant Capacity:

In order to satisfactorily meet the requirements the following must be in place: The works capacity must be confirmed by the design engineers or a similarly qualified person. Proof of the documented daily operating capacity must be presented for 12 months. The flow delivered by the plant must be measured on a daily basis and must not exceed 95% of the design capacity of the plant to allow time for maintenance. Daily flows are required to be represented as a percentage of the design capacity. Flow meters must be calibrated at least annually. Evidence of calibration certificates or positive displacement tests is required to be presented at the Blue Drop Assessment. In the case of groundwater dependent systems and aquifer utilisation plan must be in place to guide the operation of the system in such a way that the aquifer is not depleted.

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DRINKING WATER QUALITY INFORMATION MANAGEMENT

9.1 Introduction
This section seeks to provide an overview of the data and information required to be submitted to the Department via the electronic Blue Drop System (BDS) for the purposes of day-to-day water quality regulation as well as in preparation for the Blue Drop Assessment.

CONTENT OF THIS SECTION Blue Drop System Blue Drop System Reporting Requirements Blue Drop System Contact Details

9.2 Blue Drop System -

The Department of Water Affairs developed an information management system which hosts a number of compliance and operational aspects related to South African water treatment systems. The Blue Drop System has been developed for drinking water quality management and will be the only system from which the Department will report Regulatory performance. The web address for the Blue Drop System is http://www.dwa.gov.za/bluedrop:

Accountability remains with the Water Services Institution to ensure correctness of information on the Blue Drop System. Apart from ensuring up-to-date information related to each water treatment works (i.e. functional detail, plant classification, process control and authorisation), Water Services Institutions 9-7

must also specify monitoring programmes for each water treatment facility and supply systems. Sample sites, sampling frequencies and determinants will be some of the detail to be completed by the Water Services Institution. On population of the Blue Drop System, a Water Services Institution will be able to monitor operational effectiveness, as well as monitor Compliance. Users will be able to capture information (including data) directly on the Blue Drop System, while the Department will also ensure that the system would be able to accept large volumes of data from external sources (i.e. Laboratory Information Management Systems or other external data management tools). The Department will, however, not cover costs to ensure alignment of external data sources with the Blue Drop System. CSV File-upload functionality is available on the Blue Drop System.

Water Services Institutions must make available, on request by the Department, all original data sheets received from the laboratory during site inspections, data loaded on the Blue Drop System will be confirmed against actual data.

Water Services Institutions have four routes for submitting data to DWA as per Figure 8 below:

BDS

eWQMS
LIMS

DWQMS

WSA/WSP

WSA/WSP

WSA/WSP

Figure 8: Data Routes to DWA The first method of submission is from a LIMS system directly onto the Blue Drop System. The second method is via a LIMS system to a Drinking Water Quality Management System such as eWQMS which sends the information directly to the Blue Drop System. A Water Services Institution can also submit directly to a Drinking Water Quality System such as eWQMS which will send the information to the Blue Drop System. Alternatively, the Water Services Institution can submit / load the information directly on the Blue Drop System themselves.

All information submitted must be relevant and as required by DWA. It is the responsibility of the Water Services Institution to submit data on a monthly basis on the Blue Drop System regardless of the method used (it also remains the responsibility of the Water Services Authority to ensure that all its Water Services Providers submit data if the function of monitoring has been delegated). Henceforth no

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additional data will be accepted after the confirmation date. Water Services Institutions are therefore encouraged to ensure that data is captured and punctually (at a monthly frequency).

New Development: LIMS on BDS

A Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) will be made available on BDS for Water Services Institutions at no cost. Use of this laboratory data and information management facility will minimise data capture errors and enhance data credibility on BDS, and as such, is strongly recommended by the Department of Water Affairs for those Water Services Institutions who do not currently use a LIMS.

In addition to the monthly submission of drinking water quality compliance data, the following information is required to be submitted to the Blue Drop System: Plant and management data consisting of water treatment works and Process Controller registrations; Detail of the registered Monitoring Programmes including determinands, sampling frequencies, and sites monitored, population versus sampling frequency coverages i.e. the compliance with the 1:10 000 sampling ratio guideline and Google maps showing sites monitored / Water Services Institution Boundary; Required laboratory information related to the compliance data, including accreditation schedules and the results of Proficiency Testing Schemes (PTS); Any Reference Documents such as the Water Safety Planning document, Operations & Maintenance Manuals etc. which will be used as evidence to prove compliance to the Blue Drop requirements Relevant Drinking Water Quality Management Reports.

Records and documents may only be loaded in .jpeg or .pdf formats.

My Water
One of the functions of the Blue Drop System is to ensure that information on drinking water quality performance of Water Services Authorities is in the public domain, further enhancing accountability. Public access to the Blue Drop System is via the My Water site (http://www.dwa.gov.za/mywater, and http://www.my-water.mobi) where site-specific data and information can be scrutinised by consumers.

9-9

9.3 Blue Drop System Reporting Requirements -

The Department of Water Affairs will not be in a position to undertake proper regulation if it does not have access to credible and adequate information. Water Services Institutions are therefore compelled to submit their compliance monitoring results to the Department via the Blue Drop System at regular frequencies (minimum once a month).

All results are required; should the audit process reveal that information is purposefully being with-held then the municipality will be penalised. Section 82 of the Water Services Act (No. 108 of 1997) may also apply where relevant; which implies that any person who withhold or manipulate information would be guilty of an offence.

9.4 Blue Drop System Contact Details -

The following persons should be contacted with queries related to the BDS: Administrative (Usernames +Passwords) Revi Naiker: (012 336 6511), NaikerR@dwa.gov.za Maryna Niemand : (012 336 8890), NiemandM@dwa.gov.za BDS Support (Where to find what) Kirthi Gangaram: (012 336 7995), GangaramK@dwa.gov.za Kubeshnie Moodley: (012 336 7371), MoodleyK@dwa.gov.za Technical (Any Technical Problems) Wessel Steyn: (012 336 6590), SteynW@dwa.gov.za

9-10

10 REFERENCES
Carrim AH, Ceronio A, Kruger M, 2010: A Guide to Plant Evaluation and Optimisation, WISA Biennial Conference, Durban.

Department of Water Affairs & Forestry, 1997: Water Services Act: No. 108 of 1997.

Department of Water Affairs & Forestry, 1998: National Water Act: No. 36 of 1998.

Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Department of Health and Water Research Commission, 1998: Quality of Domestic Water Supplies, Volume I: Assessment Guide, ISBN 1 86845 416 9.

Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Department of Health and Water Research Commission, 2000: Quality of Domestic Water Supplies, Volume II: Sampling Guide, ISBN 1 86845 543 2.

Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Department of Health and Water Research Commission, 2001: Quality of Domestic Water Supplies, Volume III: Analysis Guide, ISBN 186845 620 X.

Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Department of Health and Water Research Commission, 2002: Quality of Domestic Water Supplies, Volume IV: Treatment Guide, ISBN 1 86845 873 3.

Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Department of Health and Water Research Commission, 2002: Quality of Domestic Water Supplies, Volume V: Management Guide, ISBN 1 86 45 809 1.

Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, Department of Provincial and Local Government and National Treasury, September 2003: Strategic Framework for Water Services, Pretoria.

Department of Water Affairs, 2009: A Drinking Water Quality Framework for South Africa, 4th Edition.

Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, 2011: Draft Regulations for the Compulsory National Standards for the Quality of Potable Water, to be gazetted.

Department of Water Affairs and Forestry, 2011: Draft Regulations for the Classification of Water Services Works and Registration of Process Controllers, to be gazetted.

Rizak, S and Hrudy, S, 2007: Strategic water quality monitoring for drinking water safety, Research Report 37, The Cooperative Research Centre for Water Quality and Treatment, ISBN 1876616628.

South African National Standard (SANS) 241-1: 2011, 241-2: 2011 Drinking Water.

10-1

Water Research Commission, 1997: Water Purification Works Design, WRC Report No. WRC TT 92/97.

Water Research Commission, 2005: An Illustrated Guide to Basic Water Purification Operations, WRC Report No. TT247/05.

Water Research Commission, 2006: Handbook for Operation of Water Treatment Works, WRC Report No. TT 265/06.

World Health Organization, 2004: Guidelines for Drinking-water Quality, Volume 1, 3rd Edition.

World Health Organization, 2009: Water Safety Plan Manual: Step-by-step Management for Drinking Water Suppliers. Geneva.

10-2

APPENDIX A Site Inspection Sheet

Technical Site Inspection Name of Water Treatment Facility ....................................................................................................................................................................................................................... Water Services Authority ............................................................................................ Water Services Provider ..............................................................................................

Date of Inspection........................................................................................................ Name of Inspector.................................................................................................................. Total Criteria Measured.......................... Total Score ............................... (..%) Design Capacity ...............................Ml/d Flow at Inspection ...........................Ml/d

1. GENERAL Score (0 1) (fractions of 0.25)

No. 1 2

Audit Element Display of Classification / Registration Certificate Entries in the Maintenance Logbook. (Does it reflect regular maintenance) Operations & Maintenance manual availability Incident management procedures/contact list available on-site? Operational Monitoring Logbook available. On-site Operational Monitoring

Comment

Photo

3 4

5 6

No.

Audit Element Equipment (working condition and calibrated) e.g. Turbidity, EC, free Cl

Comment

Score (0 1) (fractions of 0.25)

Photo

Floc formation tests done on a regular frequency? Working jar test equipment? 2. ADJUDICATING THE PHYSICAL APPEARANCE OF THE PLANT

2.1 1

AESTHETIC & SAFETY The overall appearance of the works; what is the state of the garden/surroundings? Health and Hygiene of workers taken care of; Place to eat and wash. More than 2 Serious OHS contraventions? (incidents per year and lack of safety equipment and warning signs) General Workplace satisfaction. Is the facility secured from unauthorized public and animal (live-stock) access? 3. RAW WATER INTAKE

4 5

3.1 1

RAW WATER PUMPSTATION / GRAVITY FEED All raw water pumps in working condition. More than 50% 2

No.

Audit Element standby capacity?

Comment

Score (0 1) (fractions of 0.25)

Photo

Inflow measuring device in-place and in working condition.(readings recorded) INLET WORKS Is effective flash mixing taking place and is dosing at the highest point of turbulence? Can the chemical feed and dosing conditions at the inlet works be monitored? (e.g. visual dripping of flocculant, lime) 4. CHEMICAL DOSING

3.2 1

4.1 1 2 3 4 4.2 1 2 3

FLOCCULANT Condition of dosing pumps? Are there 100% standby? Storage area : More than 30 days storage OHS issues: emergency shower, eye wash, bunded area? LIME Condition of dosing equipment (pumps or dry feeder) Are there 100% standby? Storage area: More than 30 days 3

No. storage ? 4

Audit Element

Comment

Score (0 1) (fractions of 0.25)

Photo

General housekeeping, bags dry and off the floor, used on first in first out, masks? CHLORINE Are the chlorinators operational gas free flowing Are there 100% standby? Storage capacity more than 30 days storage ? Do they monitor the gas left in the container? (scale, indicator, switch over device) Safety equipment available and working (alarm, detector, extractor fan, masks) OTHER Condition of dosing equipment (pumps or dry feeder) Are there 100% standby? Storage area: More than 30 days storage? 5. FLOCCULATION

4.3 1 2 3 4

4.4 1 2 3

Are flocs visible at the end of the unit? 4

No. 2

Audit Element General condition of the flocculation unit, e.g. scum accumulation, walls covered with algae, sludge accumulation? 6. PHASE SEPARATION

Comment

Score (0 1) (fractions of 0.25)

Photo

6.1 1 2 3

SEDIMENTATION (CLARIFICATION) Signs of floc carry over at the clarifier? Regular de-sludging taking place? Effluent Weirs / Baffles in good condition allowing for even overflow? FLOTATION 100% backup for recycle pumps and air compressor? Fine bubble size, any signs of large bubbles? Regular de-sludging of the sludge layer? SAND FILTRATION 100% backup for backwash pumps and air blowers? Even flow splitting to all filters check outlet boxes Even bubble distribution during 5

6.2 1 2 3 6.3 1 2 3

No.

Audit Element backwash?

Comment

Score (0 1) (fractions of 0.25)

Photo

4 5 6

Frequency of backwashing (< 48 hours) Filter media surface ; sign of cracks, mudballs? General housekeeping hosing down of walls, handrails around filters? 7. DISINFECTION

7.1 1 2

CHLORINE GAS Contact time in reactor more than 30 minutes? Is free chlorine measured done at the correct place where and how? UV Average flux more than 40 mJ/cm2 OZONE Check production figures vs rating of ozonator Rating of ozonator .................................................................... kg/h Flow from ozonoator ......................................................... m3/h (A) Ozone concentration in flow.............................................. g/m3 (B) Flow from ozonator............................................... kg/h (A*B/1000)

7.2 1 7.3 1

Safety equipment in place alarms, detector, masks ?

No.

Audit Element 8. SLUDGE TREATMENT

Comment

Score (0 1) (fractions of 0.25)

Photo

1 2

Are the sludge dams well maintained? (full of reeds ?) Supernatant pumps condition: Is there at least 50% standby?

APPENDIX B Classification of Water Services Works and Registration of Process Controllers

SCHEDULE I CLASSIFICATION OF A WATER SERVICES WORKS USED FOR THE ABSTRACTION, TREATMENT AND STORAGE OF WATER AND DISPOSAL OF ASSOCIATED WASTE PRODUCTS Rating Class of works Range of points E <30 D 30 - 49 C 50 69 B 70 90 A >90

Points to be awarded at the discretion of the Director-General in accordance with the following criteria:
Maximum Population supplied Up to 5 000 5 001 to 50 000 50 001 to 250 000 > 250 000 Design Capacity in kilolitres per day (kl/d) 0 to 500 501 to 2 500 2 501 to 7 500 7 501 to 25 000 >25 000 Design more than peak day use Design = peak day use Design < peak day use >60 hours during peak 36-60 hours during peak <36 hours during peak 0-5 kW 5 100 kW 101 1000 kW >1000 kW No variation Little variation (<5%) Controlled variation with automatic adjustments Uncontrolled variation with automatic adjustments Controlled variation with manual adjustments Uncontrolled variation with manual adjustments No adjustments needed in operating procedures Seasonal adjustments needed in procedures Monthly adjustments needed in procedures Weekly adjustments needed in procedures Daily adjustments needed in procedures Hourly adjustments needed in procedures No chemicals added Disinfection chemical +1 flocculation chemical without pH control +2 flocculation chemicals without pH control +1 flocculation chemical with pH control +2 flocculation chemicals with pH control 1 2 3 4 2 4 6 8 10 0 1 3 0 1 2 1 3 5 10 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 2 4 6 8 10

Infrastructure

Versus peak day

Final water storage capacity

Installed power (kilowatts of installed power to operate) Operating Procedures Raw water flow rate

Raw water quality

Chemical dosing

Operating Procedures

Raw water flow rate

No variation Little variation (<5%) Controlled variation with automatic adjustments Uncontrolled variation with automatic adjustments Controlled variation with manual adjustments Uncontrolled variation with manual adjustments No adjustments needed in operating procedures Seasonal adjustments needed in procedures Monthly adjustments needed in procedures Weekly adjustments needed in procedures Daily adjustments needed in procedures Hourly adjustments needed in procedures No chemicals added Disinfection chemical +1 flocculation chemical without pH control +2 flocculation chemicals without pH control +1 flocculation chemical with pH control +2 flocculation chemicals with pH control Automatic desludging Manual desludging Automatic fixed schedule of desludging Manual fixed schedule of desludging Optimised desludging Automatic controlled by timer Automatic controlled by pressure Manual with fixed time schedule Manual with fixed pressure schedule Optimised filter backwash Uncontrolled process Controlled process (sludge blanket) pH correction with automatic dosing pH correction with manual dosing pH correction according to Langelier/Rayzner index pH correction according to Stasoft programme Complete stabilisation with CO2 Uncontrolled with tablets Dosing with liquids or powder Dosing with chlorine gas or ozone Optimum chlorine gas or ozone dosing Combination chlorine and ozone Without any adjustments in procedure With automatic adjustments in procedure With separate settling tanks Controlled recirculation with adjustments Uncontrolled recirculation with adjustments Sludge lagoons

0 1 2 3 4 5 0 1 2 3 4 5 0 2 4 6 8 10 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 2 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 3

Raw water quality

Chemical dosing

Desludging

Filter Backwash

Settling Process

Stabilisation

Disinfection

Recirculation/Backwash recovery

Sludge handling

Control Processes

Water Losses Water Management

On works only Different reservoirs Different pressure zones Gravitation only Gravitation and pumping Raw or final pumping Raw, Final and other pumping Indicators Telemetric None by process controllers Basic maintenance by process controllers Specialised maintenance by process controllers Reading with instrumentation by process controllers Full lab service on site but not done by process controllers, although still a management function Chemical analyses done by process controllers Jar tests to maintain optimum dosing by process controllers (more than 2x daily)

2 2 4 2 4 4 6 2 4 0 1 2 2 3 4 5

Pumping

Level

Maintenance

Lab services

Administration

Record readings Calculate daily flow and stock taking Calculate dosing and generate reports Work on computer (not just check screen) Mechanical Air Chemical*

1 2 4 5 2 1 5* 5 5 5 5

Special Processes

Demineralisation Fluoridation Reverse Osmosis Activated carbon Softening

* need to motivate number of points claimed eg. combination of chemicals.

SCHEDULE III PROCESS CONTROLLER REGISTRATION This Schedule must be read in conjunction with the Qualifications registered with the South African Qualifications Authority on the National Qualifications Framework. The qualifications include Water and Wastewater Process operations and control and industrial water treatment support and control operations. EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS Years appropriate experience per Class of Process Controller Grandparented 5 0 2 In Training (L)

II

III

IV

VI

1. None 1. St 6/ Grade 8 1. * Skills programme equivalent to a value of at least 30 Credits of Core and/or Elective Unit Standards taken from the appropriate NQF 2 Qualification plus St 1/Grade 3 or the ABET equivalent 1. St 6/ Grade 8 plus **Maintenance Workers Certificate; or 2. St 6/ Grade 8 plus **Treatment Training Certificate; or 3. NQF 1 GETC: Water Services 1. St 7/ Grade 9 plus **Maintenance Workers Certificate; or 2. St 7/ Grade 9 plus **Treatment Training Certificate; or 3. NQF 1 GETC: Water Services plus the Core Unit Standards from the Appropriate NQF 2 Qualification 1. 2. 3. 4. St 8/ Grade 10 (or NTC 1) plus **Maintenance Workers Certificate; or St 8/ Grade 10 (or NTC 1) plus **Treatment Training Certificate; or St 8/ Grade 10 (or NTC 1) plus Water and Wastewater Treatment practice N1; or St 8/ Grade 10 (or NTC 1) plus the Core Unit Standards from Appropriate NQF 2 Qualification; or 5. Appropriate NQF 2 Qualification 1. NTC 1 in Water and Wastewater Treatment practice

1.5

EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Years appropriate experience per Class of Process Controller Grandparented In Training (L) 0

I 1

II 3

III 9

IV -

V -

VI -

1. Std. 8/ Grade 10 (or NTC I) plus Operators certificate or 2. St 8/ Grade 10 (or NTC 1) plus the Core Unit Standards from the Appropriate NQF 3 Qualification. 1. St 9/ Grade 11 (or NTC II) plus Operators certificate or 2. St 9/ Grade 11 (or NTC II) plus the Core Unit Standards from the Appropriate NQF 3 Qualification; or 3. NTC II in Water and Wastewater Treatment practice; or 4. Appropriate NQF 3 Qualification. 1. Matric/ Grade 12 (or NTC III) (Mathematics + Science) 1. Matric/ Grade 12 (or NTC III) plus **Maintenance Workers Training Certificate; or 2. Matric/ Grade 12 (or NTC III) plus **Treatment Training Certificate 1. 2. 3. 4. Matric/ Grade 12 (or NTC III) plus Operators Certificate; or Matric/ Grade 12 (or NTC III) plus Water Treatment practice N3; or Matric/ Grade 12 (or NTC III) plus Wastewater Treatment practice N3; or Matric/ Grade 12 (or NTC III) plus the Core Unit Standards from the Appropriate NQF 4 Qualification; or 5. NTC III in Water Treatment practice; or 6. NTC III in Wastewater Treatment practice; or 7. Appropriate NQF 4 Qualification 1. National Diploma or National Technical Diploma or NTC VI or 3 year BSc (all in appropriate field); or 2. Appropriate NQF 5 Qualification

0.5

15

0 0

4 1

0.5

15

EDUCATIONAL REQUIREMENTS

Years appropriate experience per Class of Process Controller Grandparented In Training (L)

II

III

IV 0 0

V 4 3

VI 15 12

1. B Tech (Higher National Diploma) or 4 year BSc (both in appropriate field); or 2. Appropriate NQF 6 Qualification 1. Professional Engineer or Professional Engineering Technologist (Act 81 of 1968) in appropriate field; or a Natural Scientist (Act 55 of 1982) in appropriate field. *

This will apply only to those who have been working at a registered water services works for longer than 10 years with no classification or a Class 0 classification under Government Notice No. R. 2834 of 27 December 1985 and who have not achieved the relevant unit standards by recognised prior learning assessment. The non-prescriptive criteria allow for the older process controller who could not be classified under the old regulation to select Unit Standards relevant to their experience/training on which they can be assessed. A motivation for being registered in this category must accompany the application. Maintenance Workers / Treatment Training Certificate: Training must be accredited and/or hold CPD credits and have duration of not less than 5 days.

**

NOTES ON SCHEDULE III 1. APPROPRIATE NQF QUALIFICATIONS

NQF qualifications are revised every three years and updated if necessary. Certificates issued for the following qualifications and any previous or updated versions thereof will be recognized, as indicated in Schedule III above.

1.1

NQF LEVEL 1 GETC: Water Services

1.2

NQF LEVEL 2

1.2.1. National Certificate: Water and Wastewater Process Operations 1.2.2. National Certificate: Industrial Water Treatment Support Operations 6

1.3

NQF LEVEL 3

1.3.1. National Certificate: Water and Wastewater Process Control 1.3.2. National Certificate: Industrial Water Treatment Plant Operation

1.4

NQF LEVEL 4

1.4.1 Further Education and Training Certificate: Water and Waste Wastewater Process Supervision 1.4.2. National Certificate in Industrial Water Treatment Control Operations

1.5

NQF LEVEL 5

1.5.1 A generic qualification in management that includes as electives a selection of registered water related unit standards at the NQF 5 level

1.6

NQF LEVEL 6

No unit standard based qualifications have yet been developed at this level for the water industry but are foreseen in the future. Equivalent whole qualifications are provided by tertiary education institutions.

2.

3.

Re-evaluation of present operator classification in terms of Government Notice No. R. 2834 of 27 December 1985 may be requested. Process Controller registration in terms of Schedule III is only an indication of the persons level of competency and in no way obliges the emp loyer to amend a salary or create a new position for such persons. Adjustment/new level assignment of the B Tech, BSc (3 and 4 year) and the NQF Level 5 qualification may take place in future to align them to the Higher Education Qualification Framework (HEQF) (NQF Levels 1 to 10). However, this will not impact on the number of years of appropriate experience and Class of Process Controller currently attached to this level. Any Future NQF Level 6 qualification will be developed in accordance with the criteria and requirements set for the HEQF.

SCHEDULE IV MINIMUM CLASS OF PROCESS CONTROLLER REQUIRED PER SHIFT, AND SUPERVISION, OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE SUPPORT SERVICES REQUIREMENTS AT A WATER SERVICES WORKS WORKS CLASS E D C B A CLASS OF PROCESS CONTROLLER PER SHIFT Class I Class II Class III Class IV Class IV CLASS OF PROCESS CONTROLLER FOR SUPERVISION* Class V* Class V* Class V* Class V Class V OPERATIONS AND MAINTENANCE SUPPORT SERVICES REQUIREMENTS* THESE PERSONNEL MUST BE AVAILABLE AT ALL TIMES BUT MAY BE IN-HOUSE OR OUTSOURCED - electrician - fitter - instrumentation technician

NB. Fluoridation for any class water services works, minimum process controller classification should be class III

NOTES FOR SCHEDULES IV *does not have to be at the works at all times but must be available at all times. If the Water Services Institution or owner of a water services works has no person of this class employed on that water services works, a contractor / consultant with the required qualifications as prescribed in Schedule III in respect of that particular class of persons, shall be appointed to visit the water services works weekly.

APPENDIX C Example of Drinking Water Quality Compliance Calculations

Table C.1 Example of compliance calculations for a system providing water to more than 100 000, but less than 500 000 people: Determinands identified during the risk assessment with an associated health effect (acute and/or chronic) Nr Critical control points 6 Meeting the standard against requirements 1 x final water (monitored weekly); 5 points within distribution (monitored fortnightly) 1 x final water and 3 points within distribution; monitored weekly 1 x final water and 3 points within distribution; monitored monthly 1 x final water and 3 points within distribution; monitored monthly 1 x final water and 3 points within distribution; monitored weekly 1 x final water monitored monthly 1 x final water and 3 points within distribution; monitored monthly 1 x final water and 3 points within distribution; monitored monthly 1 x final water and 3 points within distribution; monitored monthly 1 x final water and 3 points within distribution; monitored monthly Total Nr of Tests (per annum) 182 Nr of Results Complying Compliance Targets % Compliance Achieved

Determinand

Risk

Calculation

Performance

E. coli

Acute health - 1

(1x52)+(5x26)

169

92.9

Unacceptable

Acute health - 1 Chronic Fluoride health Chronic Copper health Acute Cyanide health - 1 Chronic Uranium health Chronic Chloroform health Chronic Bromoform health DibromoChronic chloromethane health BromodiChronic chloromethane health Total Risk-defined Health Nitrate

4 4 4 4 1 4 4 4 4

4x52 4x12 4x12 4x52 1x12 4x12 4x12 4x12 4x12

208 48 48 208 12 48 48 48 48 898

200 97 48 47 170 12 47 48 45 48 834 97 (Excellent) 95 (Good) <95 (Unacceptable)

96.2 100.0 97.9 81.7 100.0 97.9 100.0 93.8 100.0 92.9

Good Excellent Excellent Unacceptable Excellent Excellent Excellent Unacceptable Excellent Unacceptable 1