TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS BULLETIN

VOLUME 1_ _ _ _JULY, 1962 _______t4U_______3 Page

SCIENTIFIC PROCEEDINGS
SPRING QUARTER, 1962 ---------------------------------------------19

CLINICAL NOTES
TREATMENT OF AN AMBULATORY PARANOID - 21

J. P. Concannon
SOCIAL DYNAMICS
PAYROLL CHECKS & MENTAL ILLNESS --22

W. R. Poindexter
THEORY
CLASSIFICATION OF POSITIONS ---23

E. Berne
A LIVING PROBLEM -------------------------------------------------23

RESEARCH
TERMINOLOGY -------------------------------------------------------2 4 ADOLESCENT GAMES -----------------------------------------------24

J. Olson
NEWS FROM LOS ANGELES OBITUARY
G. H. CROOK -------------------------------------------------------25 FAMILY 'INTIMACY" ------------------------------------------------25

ORGANIZATIONAL NEWS ----------------------------------------------26 EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES ----------------------------------------------27

T NSAC TIONAL ANALYSIS BULLETIN

Published Quarterly by THE SAN.FRANCISCO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY SEMINARS
A NON-PROFIT EDUCATIONAL CORPORATION VOLUME 1 JULY 1962

NUMBER 3

The Transactional Analysis Bulletin will be published quarterly to keep active members, members at large, associate members, former students, and other interested parties current with the scientific, educational, organizational and per sonal activities of the San Francisco Social Psychiatry Seminars. Subscriptions are solicited from institutions and libraries at $3 per year (U.K. 18/-). All funds received from associate memberships and subscriptions will be devoted to continuing and enlarging the Bulletin until it becomes. possible to publish selected short articles on transactional analysis and social dynamics. Subscriptions, enquiries, exchanges, and financial contributions should be addressed to The'Transactional Analysis Bulletin, P.O. Box 5747, Carmel, California. Contributors Short summaries of- newly discovered transactional games or other original observations, brief accounts of clinical, scientific, or teaching activities, letters to the editor, or. personal and. organizational notes should be - addressed to the Editor, Transactional Analysis Bulletin, at the above address. Such contributions are encouraged as the best way for members in various parts of the country to keep in touch with each other. Advertising Rates for classified and display advertising will be submitted on request. The Bulletin reaches a select audience of professional people in the San Francisco Bay Area and other parts of the country., Editorial and Circulation Assistant, Mary N. Williams THE SAN FRANCISCO SOCIAL PSYCHIATRY SEMINARS Directors 1961 - 1962 Eric Berne, M.D. Melvin H. Boyce, B.S.. Joseph Concannon, M.S.W. Franklin Ernst, M.D. Kenneth V. Everts, M.D. At Large Claude Steiner, M.A., Ann Arbor Barbara Rosenfeld, M.S.W., Philadelphia
Copyright 1962, S. F. Social Psychiatry Seminars, Inc.

Viola Litt, M.A. Frances Matson, M.S W. Ray Poindexter, M.D. Myra Schapps, M.S.W.-

SPRING QUARTER - ADVANCED SEMINAR - 202 - APRIL - JUNE 1962 Presentations which are of a specialized or advanced nature are briefly abstracted. Those which relate to matters of wider interest are abstracted in more detail as separate articles in this issue. The abstracts and articles are written for professional readers who are assumed to be familiar with the basic principals and terminology of transactional analysis. April 3. Joseph Concannon: "An Aggressive Ambulatory Paranoid Treated with Structural and Transactional Analysis." See page 21. April 10. Arthur Burton: "Existential Analysis." Existential analysis is difficult to formulate verbally. Words of interest to transactional analysts (encounter, love, commitment, relationship, intimacy, anxi ety, decision, insight, therapy) are apprehended intuitively rather than oper ationally. Almost everything B said, however, was later translated operationally by the audience in transactional terms. Existential analysts are struggling to free themselves from a web of psychoanalytic concepts. Transactional analysts have laid these aside from the beginning, so that they never hamper but are always nearby so that they are available when needed. April 17. W. R. Poindexter: "Payroll Checks and Mental Illness." See page 22. April 24. Jacqui Olson: "Adolescent Games." See page 24. May 1. Josephine Belmont: "A Group of Patients on Leave from Mental Hospitals." (Continued from December 5, 1961. See TAB No.1). B demonstrated how such a group can be swung from stereotyped pastimes to game analysis by concentrating on the transactions rather than the content: 'What do you expect us to say after you tell us that?" She successfully broke up a game of "Ain't It Awful" by structural and transactional analysis, after which the patient switched to "Corner," which requires much more shrewdness and tenacity, and to that extent marks progress. There are two empirical signs which indicate to the therapist that she is involved in a patient's game, even if she cannot diagnose the nature of the game. (1) If she gives more than ten consecutive responses to the same patient. (2) If she brushes off more than two interruptions from other patients. If either or both of these signs occur, the therapist should immediately withdraw and turn her attention elswhere until she has clarified the situation in her mind. The initial assumption should be that she was being Parental when she thought she was being Adult. A quick survey of her vocabulary for words of more than two syllables is the easiest way to settle this. Franklin Ernst: "A Therapy Group in Private Practice." (See TAB No. 2). The members must be systematically corralled into concentrating on the transactions taking place within the group rather than wandering afield as the spirit moves them. The therapist's problem is how to speed up this process, and from experience he learns to use specific operations at appropriate times. May B.

SCIENTIFIC PROCEEDIN

19

May 15. Gene. Sagas: "Gestalt Therapy." (Tape. Recording) Gestalt Therapy deals with the "closure" of unfinished emotions, behavior which needs to be completed before the individual can go on to other things. S's patient had had -other types of treatment, but this was her first Gestalt Therapy interview. S quickly and smoothly brought her into a highly emotional state in which she was beating violently on a pillow to express her angry feelings toward her mother, which she had not_ previously recognized clearly. She also spoke her mind freely. She described the experience afterward as exhilirating, and almost like being reborn. S described the procedure as a kind of play therapy with grown-ups, undoing the results of old fantasies. Gestalt is a contractual form of therapy and is only used if the, patient wishes, The Seminar translated the phenomena into transactional terms. It resembles regression analysis except that the therapist remains Adult instead of playing the role of Child. The patient's Parent (in most cases) is regarded as the enemy and is externalized in effigy. The patient's unconscious movements, postures, .and intonations are important to. observe, and give clues to the Child's attitudes. S's patient learned that tense dorsal extensors signified Parental influence, and .hence knew now what to watch for. May 22. (1) Frances Matson: "A Group of 'Alcoholics. The problem with Alcoholics is how soon to insist on breaking up the pastimes in favor of game analysis, and how to accomplish that without ex trudingpatients from the group. (2) Eric Berne: "A Game of Schizophrenia." A girl of 20 described a classical severe obsessive compulsive syndrome and behaved like a pre-catatonic. She failed to respond at times when spoken to, and hardly spoke above a whisper. At an appropriate time, B was able to say: "You really know what you're doing when you behave that way, don't you?" The patient smiled and admitted that she did. She readily admitted to playing Psychiatry, and said that, she might have played with him indefinitely if he had wanted to, but was glad when he declined. From that time on she showed marked clinical and social improvement. She had had two previous therapists during the five' years of her active illness. May 29. Eric Borne "Depression and Despair" B's rather sophisticated group., readily understood from clinical material the' distinction between depression as an internal dialogue between Parent and Child, and despair as a phenomenon resulting from failure of games and. scripts, the non-arrival of Santa Claus; they could feel the difference. For example, one woman could not decide whether 'or not , to stay with her boy friend because to decide would mean to see the world 'as it was and to relinquish hope of Santa Claus. One man could not commit himself to marriage because he had to be ready to leave at . a moment's notice' with his Santa Claus, a buxom motherly woman w h o might appear at any time. The mail man as the fantasied messenger from Santa Claus was more important than the telephone to these particular people. June 5. Eric Berne: "The Classification of Positions. See page 23. June 12. Eric Berne: "Initial Therapy, of Chronic Depression." (Tape) B attempts to cathect the Adult of a woman with chronic anxious depression. Her daughter is blind and .crippled but much happier than the mother. The patient begins to recognize her depression as partly an act of compliance to

her

own mother and her. neighbors. Following this recognition she felt better, and was able to discuss new possibilities for living.

CLINICAL NOTES
AN AGGRESSIVE AMBULATORY PARANOID TREATED WITH STRUCTURAL AND TRANSACTIONAL ANALYSIS

Joseph P. Concannon

The game aspects of psychoses have. been under continual study at the Seminars since 1959, and have recently aroused interest in other quarters. It is now established that paranoid schizophrenia is heavily game-ridden and can be approached therapeutically from that angle with gratifying results. A patient played a hard game of "Look What You're Doing To Me" with his wife. He had her clothing and excreta analysed for evidence of extra marital activity, and held a gun to her head to force a "confession." With the therapist he played the corresponding pastime "Look What She's Doing To Me," and taught it to his children by cross-examining them about their mother's actions. The therapist declined to play his part. He listened without comment when the patient read the written reports he offered as "evidence." but he refused to read them himself and insisted instead on structural analysis of the patient's attitude. Once the patient could distinguish between his Adult and his Child, the therapist delivered an ultimatum: either give up the gun, or discontinue therapy. The patient's response was favorable, and he asked: "Do you want me to turn in the axe too?" With further clarification of the Adult-Child boundary, the patient began to do his own analysis of normal as well as paranoid transactions. He became well enough to get a job, but broke down on reporting for work. This episode convincingly exposed his external delusional game of "Look What They're Doing To Me as a cover for and exploitation of his own phobias. At this point he abdicated his delusions, and spontaneously and sheepishly recognized that his game with his wife had the same structure and function: it was a cover for and exploitation of premature ejaculation. Since he no longer blamed his occu pational and sexual difficulties on the intrigues of other people, he had to come to terms with what he regarded as his own serious inadequacies. His solution "in all fairness" was to propose a divorce, but he accepted his wife's offer of a reconciliation with marital therapy. The therapist agreed on condition that the patient bring his Adult to the therapy sessions. The patient consented. Currently the marital therapy is proceeding productively and with good humor on both sides. The patient is now able to throw some light on the evolution of his del usional game. In childhood, he suppressed his Adult because he feared that if he was selfsufficient his mother would desert him. From his father he learned to play Wooden Leg, exhibiting various kinds of inadequacies and disabilities to keep his mother interested. With his wife, his paranoia served among other purposes as a Wooden Leg ("mental illness"); he felt that if he were well enough to hold a job she would leave him. This was an additional advantage in holding on to his delusions. In this case, transactional analysis was able to proceed successfully in fairly welldefined stages, from structural analysis through transactional analysis to game analysis. Current opinion among transactional analysts holds that the conventional method of treating paranoia may encourage it in many cases. Firm game analysis decathects the paranoid Child in favor of the rational Adult. Deconfusion of the Child can then proceed productively. In this case, the patient was relieved to abandon his game and the delusions that went with it when permission to do so was given with appropriate timing and consideration. (Editor's Note: It is pertinent to remark that Mr. Concannon's demeanor is good-natured and diffident to the point of self-effacement).

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SOCIAL DYNAMICS
PAYROLL CHECKS AND MENTAL . ILLNESS W. R.. Poindexter.

(Abstracted from a paper presented at the 11-8th Annual Meeting of the American Psychiatric Association, Toronto, May, 1962). Clientism becomes a. culturally induced game with, the contract: "I'll help you if you agree not to get better" (I'm Only Trying to Help You), and "I'll let you help me if I don't have to get, well" (Indigent or Wooden Leg). An employer agreed to staff his factory: under a current wage contractwith people having a history of mental illness. This offer was relayed to various social agencies, who responded enthusiasticallyy in behalf of their many clients who "only need a job to overcome their problems." After 30 days, however, not a single client had been referred. In order to. save the jobs, an advertisement was inserted in the newspaper: "Ten factory workers wanted for private employment. Must have a. history of mental illness to qualify." The newspaper was somewhat reluctant andd suspicious. Over 100 former, mental' patients responded. A few brought their mothers..A few clients appeared, accompanied by their agency contacts, w h o questioned the author sharply and critically:' One said "Why are you finding jobs for these people? That's our job." Another asked: "You know they are mental patients, don't _you?" Eleven candidates were selected for employment by the factory owners from among the 24 referred by the psychiatrist. Two of these were later found to be unsuitable because they worked too slowly. The other nine, working on the day shift, were able to equal or exceed the productivity of a group of college students on the night shift. In retrospect, the most sensitive instrument of selection was the conciseness and pertinence with which the applicants filled out their application blanks. After' the first year, the employers commented of these people: "You couldn't ask for a better work force; no accidents, absenteeism was below the average rate; you could always depend on 'them; they were always figuring new and better ways of doing things." Only one "incident" occurred. A ,woman thought she heard references from the factory radio and turned it off. The foreman told' her that the other workers wanted to hear 'the music and that if she turned it off she 'would be fired. She continued working with no further difficulties. There -are several aspects worth noting. (1) Some of the workers willingly gave up public welfare support in order to take the lobs... (2) None. of the factory personnel or supervisors was trained in "Mental Health." (3) No mention was made of "rehabilitation ' The people were paid to produce toys, and they produced. The management had no inclination to play "I'm Only Trying to Help You,'" and with the exception 'noted, the former patients did not attempt. to play,` either: The author also broke all the rules of this game: there were no committee meetings, research endeavors, or consultations; instead he simply proceeded as best he could to accomplish his, aim. The discussants at the Seminar where this account was first presented felt that "research" w o u l d obscure the real issues and would eventually impair the' author's effectiveness in getting jobs for former mental patients in the open market. At the APA the discussants also tended- to favor "further research" over further action, even though the action was successful,' and there was some criticism of the newspaper advertising. The author feels that the results were more than satisfactory, and that the news,paper advertisement for employees' was a necessity.

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THEORY
CLASSIFICATION OF POSITIONS

E. Berne
The descriptive classification of games has so far failed to yield consistent clinical results. The repertoire favored by an individual patient cannot be pre dicted by classifying according to number of players, sociology (middle-class, Italian, etc.), or even, surprisingly, by zone (phallic, anal, oral), or nosology (hysterical, obsessive, paranoid); indicating some conceptual forcing or artificial ity in each of these sorting systems. The indications are stronger than ever that the natural classification will be based on the patient's position, and that this is the fundamental variable of human living. Position is based on a simple predicative absolute (e. g., "All men are evil." "All women are untrustworthy." "I am never lovable"). The position is taken in early childhood (third to seventh year) in order to justify a decision based on early experience: e. g. "Never again will I love a man, because father beats me unfairly (when he is drunk);" "Never again will I love a woman, because mother deserted me for my baby brother;" "Never again will I risk loving anyone because mother showed me I was unlovable." On this position are based scripts and their derivative games: e. g. Second degree Rapo, If It Weren't For Her, and They'll Have To Take Me As I Am, respectively. Since positions are difficult to elicit and verify in clinical practice, it will take some years to assemble the two or three hundred reliable examples neces sary to form a useful empirical classification. Meanwhile a logical classification would be useful as a basis for a consistent theory of game analysis, and such a classification in fairly rigorous form is readily available. The subjects of all positions are particulars of the polarity I-Others, and their predicates are particulars of the polarity OK - not OK. The basic predicates for all positions are then the following four: 1. I (we) am OK 111. You (They) are OK 11. I (we) am not-OK 1V. You (They) are not-OK These predicates yield the cadre for all possible positions thus: 1. I am OK, you are OK 111. I am not-OK, you are OK 11. I am OK, you are not-OK IV. I am not-OK, you are not-OK Every game, script, and destiny then, is based on one of these four basic positions. It is evident that only one of the four is intrinsically constructive (1); one is futile and probably terminates in schizophrenia (1V); one is intrinsically paranoid (11); and one is intrinsically depressive (111). Derivative games would be (1) Successful Businessman; (11) I'm Only Trying to Help You; (111) Cops and Robbers; (1 V) Look What They Did To Me. A LIVING PROBLEM "The Tokyo Taxi" It is difficult for the American visitor to remain counter-phobically impassive during his first ride in a Tokyo taxi. The available alternatives are to shrink into a corner in a state of acute apprehension, or to keep laughing all the way in from the airport. This raises several interesting structural-transactional questions. (1) If it were you and there were other people in the taxi, would you counterphobe, shrink, or laugh? Why? (2) If someone else complained about a similar situation, would you advise him to counterphobe, shrink, or laugh? Why? (3) If you would not advise him, state three reasons why not. Discard these, and state a fourth reason, which must be original with you.
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RESEARCH
TERMINOLOGY As transactional game analysis (TGA) approaches the point where some liaison with mathematical game analysis (MGA) becomes likely, terminology takes on importance. It is therefore suggested that TGA use the same terms as MGA (*1, *2), viz: A game is the set of rules which describes what happens, also called in TGA the Thesis. A particular instance `in which the game is played from the beginning to end is called a play of that game. The set of appropriate stimuli or responses available to a player at any given point is called his move. The actual behavior which he chooses to exhibit from this set is called his choice. Thus_ a game consists of a sequence of moves, and a play consists of a sequence of choices. MGA sets up the game and considers the possible plays, a deductive procedure. TGA, by observing different plays, tries to reconstruct the underlying game, an inductive procedure. The outcome of a game is called the payoff. In MGA the.. payoff is discussed in terms of utilities for each player, but since this is admittedly an am biguous concept,, it is still permissible for TGA to speak in terms of the advantages accruing to each player. The utilities of MGA are essentially secondary gains which are on the borderline of TGA. TGA - is primarily concerned with the internal and external psychological advantages, the internal and external social advantages, and the biological and existential advantages derived from games. The material utilities which are the chief concern of MGA are merely norms or points of departure for TGA. MGA considers the Adult-Adult transactions, while TGA deals with the hidden ulterior transactions which in everyday life determine both the material and transactional payoffs. Where MGA considers the rules by which a poker player may win, TGA asks how and why he breaks those rules in the face of his winning resolutions so that he ends up losing. MGA states what he might do to win, TGA says what he will do to lose: ADOLESCENT GAMES

Jacqui Olson

A group of unwed mothers between the ages of 13 and 19 met at a social agency for a period of four months, during which they clarified many of the games which are ,easy,. to recognize in working with adolescents. (1).Making Mother Sorry. This was played in its second or medium degree - not socially acceptable, but not fatal. If mother acts harshly about an illegit imate pregnancy, she.; cane be made to feel sorry by a suicidal attempt. (2) You Can't Trust Anybody. If, father rejects you, you can find a boy friend who will also reject you after you become pregnant. This proves that all men are untrustworthy. You are then justified in trying to trap the boy into taking the responsibility. (3) I'm A Typical Teen-Ager. I may have an illegitimate baby, but my real problem is school, my hairdo, or the twist. If grown-ups become confused or indignant at this, I win. (4) 1 Have a Problem (and you, as a professional person, are obliged to listen). Similar to (3). (5) Putting Up a Front. If your parents object to your boy friend's haircut, have him get a "normal" haircut. Your parents will then accept him and after that the two of you can do as you please.
*1. R. D. Luce & H. Raiffa, Games & Decisions. John Wiley & Sons, New York, 1957. * 2. H. W. Kuhn & A. W. Tucker, contributions to the Theory of Games. Princeton University Press, Princeton, 1950. 24

(6) When I Grow Up. When I'm 18, I can do as I please, e. g., have my own apartment. When she turns 18, the girl discovers that she has a fear of the dark and hence cannot live away from home. A variant of If It Weren't For You or How Do You Get Out Of Here. (7) When I Get a Job is a variant of (6). The members talked at length about what they would do if they had jobs. Five job openings were found and offered to the nine members of the group. Five of them declined to apply. Four took jobs and quickly got fired.

WS FROM LOS ANGELES

FAMILY "INTIMACY" The Los Angeles Institute for Family Neurosis Research is trying a policy of going into the home to do family group therapy at the dinner table. Dr. James Jackson, Director of Research, writes the Bulletin that "at the table families seem to play their most neurotically gratifying games. We teach them certain rules to follow at meal times which are designed to prevent the enactment of the most infantile types of games. The entire structure of the family relationships is, as a rule, improved." The rules are as follows: (1) No mention of food; (2) No chit-chat (jokes, recitations of activities, complaints by mother about children, discussions of current events, or planning family activities). The Institute finds that these rules expose the "family neurosis," supplementing office treatment, since "the families are playing some of their most pathological games at home and not in the therapist's office." Active members of our Seminars will recognize the procedure as allied to the "intimacy experiment" we have been carrying on for the past two or three years. In transactional terminology, we interdict withdrawal, rituals, activities, pastimes, and games, to confront the subjects with "intimacy." The Los Angeles Institute interdicts (1) conversation about the activity (eating) and hence games embedded in the activity; and (2) pastimes and certain popular domestic games, such as "Ain't It Awful," "Let's Daddy and You Kids Fight," and "Then We'll." This tends to expose the more idiosyncratic games of each family.

OBITUARY
On April 5, 1962, Guy Hamilton Crook, Ph.D., Associate Professor of Psychology at the University of California Medical School, died after some years of failing health. Dr. Crook never attended our seminars, but followed their development from the beginning with friendly interest. He had a fertile mind, both professionally and privately. He was a redoubtable chess player and had an unusual sense of humor, and it is for the latter that he would undoubtedly most like to be remembered and that those of us who knew him would most like to remember him, as well as for his generous nature. These qualities, together with his unruffled detachment from organizational rivalries, made him a favorite unofficial advisor to the Langley Porter residential staff. His two best known humorous inventions were "Medals and Decorations for Psychotherapists" and "Anatomical Lucubrations." Among the first were the Aggressional Medal (for staff members who speak up and say what they think) and the Digressional Medal; the Residential Citation and the Interne's Cross (which wears the interne, rather than the other way round); the Hot Air Medal (with Bluster Cluster), the Expert Trifleman, the Supervisor's Meddle, and the Obfuscation Decoration.

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ORGANIZATIONAL NEWS
BIBLIOGRAPHY

Transactional Analysis Bulletin, Supplement No. 1, will be published shortly for the benefit of those. teaching this subject- clinically or academically. It will be entitled Outline for an Introductory Course in Transactional Analysis; and Social Dynamics. The first edition will be about 15 pages in mimeograph, interleaved with blank foolscap pages for. instructors' notes, giving topical headings with page references to the text, for a course of eight lectures. Pre-publication subscriptions at $2 may be sent to TAB, Box 5747, Carmel, California.

PUBLICATIONS IN PRESS Eric Berne signed a contract in May with Grove Press for his book on games. It will be entitled Games People Play, and should appear early next year. His book on group dynamics, The Therapy of Ailing Groups,is n,)w at Lippincott's printers. Grove has also purchased from Simon& Schuster the low-priced paperback rights to his book A Layman's, Guide to Psychiatry & Psychoanalysis. Accordingly,!-this book is now available in both medium-priced and popular-priced paperback. The author wishes to state that the cover of the popular edition was designed without consulting him. REVIEWS Two reviews of Transactional Analysis in Psychotherapy have now appeared. One' is a short note by Dr. Francis Braceland in the New York Times Book Review suggesting "but therapists ought perhaps to take a look." - The other is a long review by R. J. Starrels in the American Journal of Psychotherapy for May, 1962, which gives a very favorable impression of our subject.. He points out that contrary to what an undiscriminating reader might think, a clearer understanding shows that , transactional analysis is not a contradiction to, but rather a compatible extension of Freudian theory. He also lists what he considers to be some practical advantages of the transactional approach, particularly in dealing with acting out "and borderline cases. In addition he suggests that it provides an increased control over results and an increased margin of safety; and remarks onits. suitability for group therapy. PERSONALS David Meltzer is stationed at Brooks Air Force Base in Texas, where he is introducing the staff to some of the Seminar thinking. He expresses consider able psychiatric admiration, for the personalities of the jet pilots he encounters, and the tape he sent us includes some rousing jet age barrack' room ballads. Iva Blank has arranged a temporary transfer from the California Institution for Women at Corona to. the Medical Facility at Vacaville so that she can learn more first' hand there and in San Francisco. George (Our sponsored orphan in Crete) George's mother writes that he continues to develop mentally, physically, and spiritually. Their only remaining goat died and they buried it. Now there is no milk. They left h o m e to work in the oil harvest. That was over in March but they couldn't go home until school was over.
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Course 202, Applied Social Dynamics, will continue to meet every Tuesday evening at 8:30 p.m. until August 14 at the office of Eric Berne, M.D., 1200 Washington Street in San Francisco. Qualified visitors are welcome. It is suggested that they check in advance by telephone, PRospect 6.4256, and they are requested not to arrive before 8:20 p.m. The proceedings for the past quarter are abstracted in this issue of the Bulletin. During the Summer Quarter, it is anticipated that therapy groups from private practice and from various Bay Area clinics, hospitals, and institutions will be presented for transactional and game analysis, interspersed with special lectures and didactic-clinical discussions. Introductory Course There are requests for the Introductory Course in Social Dynamics (No. 101) to be given in Palo Alto as well as in San Francisco. It is therefore likely that there will be two Introductory Courses next season, one beginning in late Sept ember and the other in late January. As soon as it is decided which will be given in Palo Alto and which in San Francisco, special announcements will be sent out so that enrollment can proceed. Those desiring to express a preference as to place and season may write to the office of the Bulletin, Box 5747, Carmel, California. Both courses will be given on Wednesday evenings at 8:30 and run for eight consecutive weeks. Golden Gate Group Psychotherapy Society The Seminars were well represented at the Fifth Annual Scientific Con ference of the Golden Gate Group Psychotherapy Society held on June 9, 1962. The all-day workshop on transactional analysis was planned to accommodate a maximum of 25. The attendance was kept at that figure on a first-come-first serve basis at the morning session. When 50 people turned up for the afternoon session, however, the program chairman relented and allowed us the privilege of admitting them all. Among the Active Members participating in the general scientific program were Jacqui Olson, William Collins, Kenneth Everts, Franklin Ernst (Program Chairman), Eric Berne, and Joseph Concannon. Out-of-town members included David Kupfer, Richard Parlour, James Jackson, and Robert Goulding. Most of the rest of our active membership also came to listen. Many others on the program and in the audience were former members and old friends of the Seminars. EXTRAMURAL TEACHING Regular teaching continues at Langley Porter Clinic, Stanford-Palo Alto Psychiatric Clinic, California Medical Facility, Mendocino, Dewitt, and Stockton State Hospitals, and the V.A. Hospital in Roseburg, Oregon. Dr. Edward Setchko has been teaching transactional analysis in pastoral counselling at the Pacific School of Religion. Dr. Howard Fradkin, who has introduced it into his curriculum at San Francisco State College, reports that some of his students found the text hard going. A recent development is the increasing interest among nurses. During the past quarter, a six session introductory course was given for the teaching staff of the Stanford School of Nursing, including representatives from the affiliated V.A. Hospital in Palo Alto. Our approach is also spreading among correctional officers, and an eight week course and consultation in transactional group therapy,

EDUCATIONAL ACTIVITIES

adapted for parole officers, was given for the staff of the San Francisco office of the Adult Parole Authority, including also some visitors from Sacramento and other facilities.

The Seminars The San Francisco Social Psychiatry Seminars function as an stitute for people in the broad field; of social psychiatry: psychiatrists, educational in psychologists, psychiatric nurses and social workers, correctional officers, social scientists, and educators. The teaching is primarily oriented toward group therapy and group work based on transactional analysis. Research in social dynamics is carried on as funds become available. Since there is no endowment, the Seminars, n o w in their fifth year, have been almost entirely supported from tuition fees. Contributions are always welcome. The Seminars are open to those with a degree in medicine or the social sciences. who are engaged in professional work in those fields or are registered for advanced study at a recognized university. In certain cases, well-recommended undergraduates are eligible to attend. Professional workers are always welcome to visit the permanent clinical seminar (Course No. '202) which runs all year round, and can become Active Members, if otherwise eligible,'. on completion of the Introductory Course or its equivalent. Active members who leave the San Francisco area or for other reasons cannot continue regular attendance are invited to become Members At Large ($10 per year, or $5 per year. for students). They will receive the Bulletin and retain their attendance and voting privileges. Professional workers who wish to receive the Bulletin and have the privilege of .attending the Seminars whenever they 'are in San' Francisco may become Associate Members ($5 per year), Subscriptions. to the Bulletin are available to institutions and libraries at $3 per year. The Seminars meet in mid-.week at 1200 Washington Street, San Francisco. Correspondence regarding attendance should be addressed. to the Secretary, San Francisco Social Psychiatry Seminars, 529 - 28th Street, San Francisco 14. Those desiring mail membership (At Large or Associate) may. fi ll in the coupon below..