TG20:12 Supplement 1

The effect of the introduction of the European Wind Code: BS EN 1991-1-4:2005 on Basic Scaffolds and TG20 Appendix H

This supplement to TG20:08 is an interim document which has been prepared to take account of the withdrawal of the wind loading code, BS 6399 part 2:1997 and its subsequent replacement by BS EN 19911-4:2005 part of Eurocode 1. The supplement is designed to be read in conjunction with TG20:08 and only covers section 2 of volume 1 of TG20:08. A revised edition of TG20:08 is in preparation which will incorporate a full set of changes, provide a full set of new safe height tables and include some additional data. This supplement also includes a revision to Appendix H which gives the maximum permissible heights for unclad scaffolds, tied to permeable open structures (see pages 14 and 15).

INTRODUCTION

Revised versions of the following text: Clause 4.4.3 Revised Figure 5 Revised Figure 6 Table 2 Table 3 Table 4 Table 5

In conjunction with the supplement a set of markers has been provided for insertion into TG20:08 to identify where the supplement has made changes. Replacement tables and text are set out in the supplement and are as follows: Procedure to determine the safe height of a Basic Scaffold. Basic wind velocity Topographical factor Twind Safe heights for unclad Basic independent tied scaffolds Safe heights for debris netted Basic independent tied scaffolds Safe heights for sheeted Basic independent tied scaffolds Safe heights for unclad Basic putlog scaffolds

In addition to this the following nomenclature has been changed:

G G

The basic wind velocity, Vb is replaced by the fundamental basic wind velocity Vb,map The wind factor S is replaced by the wind factor Swind The topographical factor T is replaced by the topographical factor Twind

The revised text is set out below:

In order to identify the appropriate safe working height of a Basic Scaffold using the summary Tables in Supplement 1, the following procedure should be followed:

4.4.3 Procedure to determine maximum safe height of a Basic Scaffold

a) Choose the fundamental basic wind velocity (Vb,map) from the map at revised Figure 5 (page 3) for the site on which the scaffold is to be erected. (The range will be from 20m/s to 30m/s)

b) Establish the critical direction from which the wind will affect the scaffold. This is done by calculating the most demanding topographical factor (Twind) from revised Figure 6 (page 4) by considering all possible wind directions. A knowledge of the site location is required to determine whether the terrain is nominally flat, moderately steep, or steep. Hills and ridges have different factors to those for cliffs and

NASC

1 of 16

Rev A January 2012

c) Establish from information provided by site the altitude A (in metres above sea level) of the ground on which the scaffold stands. A can also be obtained from Ordnance Survey maps or via the internet. (i.e. www.google earth). d) Calculate Swind, the wind factor, from The value of Swind is sufficient for use in the revised Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5 (pages 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 13) to determine the minimum safe height. Swind = Vb,map Twind 1 +

escarpments. The values for the topography factor Twind for scaffolds erected up to 50m in height on moderate hills or escarpments up to 20% (1in 5)slope, and for steep hills or escarpments greater than 30% (1in 3.3) slope, are shown in Figure 6. Engineering judgement should be used to establish values of Twind for intermediate values of slope. (The range is Twind = 1.00 to Twind = 1.26)

A 1000

e) From revised Tables 2, 3, 4 and 5, (pages 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 & 13) determine the maximum safe height of the scaffold using the value of wind factor Swind, determined above.

Note that this is a simplified version of the procedures set out in BS EN 1991-1-4. For a scaffold on a particular face of a building a less conservative approach is first to consider each wind direction in turn for that face and calculate the topography factor Twind and the corresponding wind factor Swind. For each value of Swind and the upwind distance to the sea associated with it use Appendix A (TG20:08 page 170) to determine a permitted height for the scaffold on that face of the building. The lowest of these heights is then taken as the permitted height.

From the wind velocity map, revised Figure 5, Vb,map = 22.5 m/sec The wind factor Swind = 22.5 1.09 1 +

As an example, consider a site in Manchester, 10km from the edge of the city and surrounded by buildings. The independent tied scaffold faces due south and is slightly more than half way up a ridge, which has an average slope of 1 in 18 (0.056). The site altitude is 60m. The scaffold is fully boarded, five boards wide and with two lightly loaded inside boards, designated 3-5-2 for general purpose use (Load Class 3) and will be debris netted with lines of ties at alternate lifts. For the slope at 1:18, the location is a moderately steep ridge. More than halfway up the slope at 0.5 Lu gives a Topography Factor Twind, from Figure 6 (b) so that, Twind = 1.09

In Table 3 (page 6) the minimum safe height is given as 15m using standard duty ties.

60 = 22.5 1.09 1.06 = 25.99 = 26 1000

NASC

2 of 16

31 30 29 29 28 28
Inverness

30

27
Aberdeen

30
Oban Dundee Perth

26 25

29 28 27
Londonderry Glasgow

Edinburgh

24 26
Carlisle Belfast Newcastle

28

23
Preston Leeds Manchester

York

Kingston upon-Hull

25
Galway Dublin

Liverpool

Sheffield Stoke Nottingham

Limerick Waterford Aberystwyth Cork

22
Leicester Birmingham Norwich Northampton Bedford Oxford Ipswich

Swansea Cardiff

21.5
LONDON

23

28

27

26
160 100

25

24
Taunton

Bristol

Brighton Bournemouth

0 0

Kilometres 40 80 120 20 40 60 80

Plymouth

Statute miles

Revised Figure 5 Fundamental basic wind velocity Vb,map

Chan lI l d 24

23

22
/

NASC

3 of 16

Wind Factor Twind = 1.00

(a) Nominally flat terrain, average slope < 1: 20

Wind Factor Twind

1.00 1.09
0.25 0.25 Lu Lu

1.17

0.25 Ld

1.12
0.25 Ld

1.00

Wind Factor Twind

1.00 1.09
0.25 0.25 Lu Lu

1.17

0.50 Lu

0.50 Lu

1.16

0.50 Lu

1.12

1.00

Lu

Ld

Lu

(b) Moderately steep terrain, average slope <1: 5

(c) Moderately steep terrain, average slope <1: 5

Wind Factor Twind

1.00 1.14
0.25 Lu

1.26
0.25 Lu 0.25 Ld

1.18
0.25 Ld

1.00 1.00 1.14 1.26

Wind Factor Twind

0.25 0.25 Lu Lu 0.50 Lu 0.50 Lu

1.24

0.50 Lu

1.19

1.00

Lu

Ld

Lu

(d) Steep terrain, average slope >1: 3

Lu horizontal distance of the slope upwind

(e) Steep terrain, average slope >1: 3

Ld horizontal distance of the slope downwind

Revised Figure 6 Revised Topography factor Twind

NASC

4 of 16

table 2
Load Class 1-3-0

Safe heights for UNCLAD Basic independent tied scaffolds, FULLY ledger braced with LIGHTLY loaded inside boards
Fully Boarded
47 46 44 42 41 41 47 43 49 37 43 38 44 33 39 39 42 37 36 31 Tie duty/kN light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light Load Class 1-3-0 20 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 Swind safe height m 24 23 22 21 21 20 24 23 27 18 21 19 23 16 19 20 23 19 20 16 Tie duty/kN light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light

Lines of ties at alternate lifts Part Boarded

20 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 Swind safe height m

2-4-0 3-5-0 3 - 5 - 0S 3-4-1 3 - 4 - 1S 3-4-2 3 - 4 - 2S 3-5-1 3 - 5 - 1S 3-5-2 3 - 5 - 2S 4-5-0 4-4-1 4-4-2 4-5-1 4-5-2

2-4-0 3-5-0 3 - 5 - 0S 3-4-1 3 - 4 - 1S 3-4-2 3 - 4 - 2S 3-5-1 3 - 5 - 1S 3-5-2 3 - 5 - 2S 4-5-0 4-4-1 4-4-2 4-5-1 4-5-2

Lines of ties at every lift Part Boarded

Load Class 1-3-0 20 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 36 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 Swind safe height m 45 43 41 39 47 44 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 50 50 50 50 50 50 Tie duty/kN light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light

Fully Boarded
Load Class 1-3-0 20 - 24 28 32 36 40 20 - 32 36 40 20 - 36 40 20 - 36 40 20 - 36 40 20 - 36 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 36 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 36 40 20 - 36 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 Swind safe height m 24 23 22 21 19 24 23 22 28 26 36 34 31 30 40 38 25 33 27 36 35 22 30 32 31 37 36 30 32 27 Tie duty/kN light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light light

2-4-0

2-4-0

3-5-0 3 - 5 - 0S 3-4-1 3 - 4 - 1S 3-4-2 3 - 4 - 2S 3-5-1 3 - 5 - 1S 3-5-2 3 - 5 - 2S 4-5-0 4-4-1 4-4-2 4-5-1 4-5-2

3-5-0 3 - 5 - 0S 3-4-1 3 - 4 - 1S 3-4-2 3 - 4 - 2S 3-5-1 3 - 5 - 1S 3-5-2 3 - 5 - 2S 4-5-0 4-4-1 4-4-2 4-5-1 4-5-2

Notes:

1. Tie densities are defined in Clause 4.4.2. It is not permissible to reduce the tie density by inserting a fewer number of ties of a duty heavier than that specified in the safe height tables. 2. For the tie pattern in figure 9(c) and 9(f) tie duties shall be determined by reference to the appropiate table in Appendix A (page 170 Volume 2) and doubling the tie duty listed. 3. The presence of the suffix S denotes a class 3 scaffold with a bay length no greater than 1.8m.

5 of 16

table 3
Load Class 1-3-0

Safe heights for DEBRIS NETTED Basic independent tied scaffolds, FULLY ledger braced with LIGHTLY loaded inside boards
Fully Boarded
40 39 35 31 26 36 36 33 28 36 36 36 35 42 42 42 41 41 41 36 46 46 46 43 35 35 35 42 42 42 36 36 36 35 42 42 42 41 31 31 31 38 38 38 35 35 35 40 40 40 39 36 36 36 34 34 34 30 30 30

Lines of ties at alternate lifts Part Boarded

20 - 24 28 32 36 40 20 - 28 32 36 40 Swind

safe height m

Tie duty/kN
standard heavy heavy heavy 12.3 standard heavy heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy heavy

Load Class 1-3-0

20 - 24 28 32 36 40 20 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 - 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40

Swind

safe height m
21 21 19 17 14 19 19 18 15 18 18 18 18 22 22 22 22 22 22 20 26 26 26 25 17 17 17 21 21 21 19 19 19 23 23 23 15 15 15 19 19 19 18 18 18 23 23 23 18 18 18 19 19 19 15 15 15

Tie duty/kN
standard heavy heavy heavy heavy standard heavy heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy Light standard heavy Light standard heavy Light standard heavy

2-4-0

2-4-0

3-5-0

20 24 - 28 32 - 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 24 - 28 32 - 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 24 - 28 32 - 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40

3-5-0

3 - 5 - 0S

3 - 5 - 0S

3-4-1

3-4-1

3 - 4 - 1S

3 - 4 - 1S

3-4-2

3-4-2

3 - 4 - 2S

3 - 4 - 2S

3-5-1

3-5-1

3 - 5 - 1S

3 - 5 - 1S

3-5-2

3-5-2

3 - 5 - 2S

3 - 5 - 2S

4-5-0

4-5-0

4-4-1

4-4-1

4-4-2

Light standard heavy Light standard heavy Light standard heavy

4-4-2

4-5-1

4-5-1

4-5-2

4-5-2

Notes:

1. Where a figure appears in the Tie duty column, the tie duty exceeds that for a heavy duty tie. The number given is the tensile tie force in kN which must be resisted by the tie assembly 2. Tie densities are defined in Clause 4.4.2. It is not permissible to reduce the tie density by inserting a fewer number of ties of a duty heavier than that specified in the safe height tables.

6 of 16

3 continued
Lines of ties at every lift Part Boarded
Load Class 1-3-0
20 - 24 28 32 36 40 20 - 28 32 36 40 Swind

Safe heights for DEBRIS NETTED Basic independent tied scaffolds, FULLY ledger braced with LIGHTLY loaded inside boards
Fully Boarded
safe height m
38 37 33 28 20 40 39 34 28 50 50 50 47 41 50 50 50 50 50 50 49 43 50 50 50 50 50 50 48 42 50 50 50 49 49 49 47 41 50 50 50 48 48 48 46 40 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 50 49

Tie duty/kN
standard heavy heavy heavy heavy standard heavy heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy heavy heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy heavy heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy heavy heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy heavy heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy Light standard heavy Light standard heavy Light standard heavy heavy

Load Class 1-3-0

20 - 24 28 32 36 40 20 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 21 22 - 23 24 25 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40

Swind

safe height m
21 20 18 16 13 21 21 18 16 24 24 23 20 33 33 31 28 29 29 29 26 23 38 38 35 32 24 24 24 33 33 33 32 26 26 26 25 22 34 34 32 29 22 22 22 21 30 30 30 29 29 29 29 26 35 35 33 30 30 30 30 30 30 30 27 26 26 26

Tie duty/kN
standard standard heavy heavy heavy standard heavy heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy light standard heavy heavy Light standard heavy Light standard heavy heavy Light standard heavy

2-4-0

2-4-0

3-5-0

20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 32 - 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 32 - 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 21 22 - 23 24 - 25 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 - 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40

3-5-0

3 - 5 - 0S

3 - 5 - 0S

3-4-1

3-4-1

3 - 4 - 1S

3 - 4 - 1S

3-4-2

3-4-2

3 - 4 - 2S

3 - 4 - 2S

3-5-1

3-5-1

3 - 5 - 1S

3 - 5 - 1S

3-5-2

3-5-2

3 - 5 - 2S

3 - 5 - 2S

4-5-0

4-5-0

4-4-1

4-4-1

4-4-2

4-4-2

4-5-1

4-5-1

4-5-2

4-5-2

Notes:

3. For the tie pattern in Figure 9(c) and 9(f) tie duties shall be determined by reference to the appropriate table in Appendix A (page 170 - Volume 2) and doubling the tie duty listed. 4. ns means not stated as calculation indicates the stress exceeds the allowable limit on the scaffold. 5. The presence of the suffix S denotes a class 3 scaffold with a bay length no greater than 1.8m.

7 of 16

table 4
Load Class 1-3-0

Safe heights for SHEETED Basic independent tied scaffolds, FULLY ledger braced with LIGHTLY loaded inside boards
Fully Boarded
32 26 12 ns 29 29 20 9 ns 29 29 29 14 8 36 36 30 14 34 34 30 16 8 41 41 38 31 16 33 33 30 16 8 40 40 37 31 16 29 29 29 15 8 36 36 29 14 28 28 28 15 8 36 36 35 29 15 29 29 23 10 34 34 27 12 34 34 33 27 12 29 29 24 11 29 29 24 11 Tie duty/kN heavy heavy 13.9 ns Load Class 1-3-0 20 - 24 28 32 36 - 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 24 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 24 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 Swind safe height m 17 15 11 ns 16 16 12 9 ns 15 15 12 8 19 19 16 13 19 19 17 13 8 23 23 22 18 14 16 16 14 8 20 20 18 15 16 16 12 8 20 20 17 13 14 14 12 8 18 18 17 13 16 16 14 10 20 20 16 12 17 17 16 12 16 16 14 11 15 15 14 11 Tie duty/kN heavy heavy 13.5 ns

Lines of ties at alternate lifts Part Boarded

20 - 24 28 32 36 - 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24-28 32 36 40 Swind safe height m

2-4-0

standard heavy 13.5 14.7 ns standard heavy 12.5 14.0 15.4 standard heavy 13.7 14.8 standard heavy 12.6 14.3 15.6 standard heavy heavy 13.8 15.1 standard heavy 12.6 14.4 15.7 standard heavy heavy 13.7 15.1 standard heavy 12.5 14.1 15.5 standard heavy 13.6 14.9 standard heavy 12.5 14.1 15.5 standard heavy heavy 13.6 14.9 standard heavy 13.1 14.0 standard heavy 13.5 14.4 standard heavy heavy 13.4 14.5 standard heavy 13.2 14.1 standard heavy 13.2 14.1

2-4-0

standard heavy 12.4 14.6 ns standard heavy 13.5 15.4 standard heavy 12.3 14.5 standard heavy heavy 12.6 15.6 standard heavy heavy 12.6 14.9 standard heavy 13.9 15.7 standard heavy 12.6 14.9 standard heavy 13.6 15.5 standard heavy 12.4 14.6 standard heavy 13.6 15.5 standard heavy 12.4 14.6 standard heavy heavy 13.9 standard heavy 12.3 14.4 standard heavy 12.3 14.5 standard heavy heavy 14.0 standard heavy heavy 14.0

3-5-0

3-5-0

3 - 5 - 0S

3 - 5 - 0S

3-4-1

3-4-1

3 - 4 - 1S

3 - 4 - 1S

3-4-2

3-4-2

3 - 4 - 2S

3 - 4 - 2S

3-5-1

3-5-1

3 - 5 - 1S

3 - 5 - 1S

3-5-2

3-5-2

3 - 5 - 2S

3 - 5 - 2S

4-5-0

20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 24 - 32 36 40 20 24- 28 32 36 40

4-5-0

4-4-1

4-4-1

4-4-2

4-4-2

4-5-1

20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 - 32 36 40

4-5-1

4-5-2

4-5-2

Notes:

1. Where a figure appears in the Tie duty column, the tie duty exceeds that for a heavy duty tie The number given is the tensile tie force in kN which must be resisted by the tie assembly 2. Tie densities are defined in Clause 4.4.2. It is not permissible to reduce the tie density by inserting a fewer number of ties of a duty heavier than that specified in the safe height tables.

8 of 16

4 continued
Lines of ties at every lift Part Boarded
Load Class 1-3-0 20 - 24 28 32 36 - 40 20 24 28 32 36 - 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 28 32 36 40 Swind

Safe heights for SHEETED Basic independent tied scaffolds, FULLY ledger braced with LIGHTLY loaded inside boards
Fully Boarded
safe height m 29 22 9 ns 31 31 29 13 ns 40 40 23 10 ns 50 50 46 20 10 44 44 43 25 10 ns 50 50 48 22 10 45 45 43 26 10 ns 50 50 47 22 10 39 39 24 10 ns 50 50 46 21 10 39 39 24 10 ns 50 50 45 21 10 48 48 41 16 8 50 50 44 18 9 50 50 43 18 9 47 47 41 16 8 47 47 40 16 8 Tie duty/kN heavy heavy 13.0 ns Load Class 1-3-0 20 24 28 32 36 - 40 20 24 28 32 36 - 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 Swind safe height m 16 16 13 9 ns 17 17 16 12 ns 20 20 16 10 ns 28 28 24 19 10 24 24 19 10 ns 33 33 32 27 21 10 23 23 19 10 ns 32 32 27 22 10 21 21 17 10 ns 29 29 25 20 10 21 21 17 10 ns 29 29 25 19 10 24 24 22 16 8 30 30 25 18 9 29 29 25 18 9 26 26 22 16 8 26 26 22 16 8 Tie duty/kN standard heavy heavy 13.9 ns standard heavy heavy 12.2 ns standard heavy heavy 13.0 ns standard heavy heavy 12.6 13.8 standard heavy heavy 13.2 ns standard heavy heavy heavy 12.9 13.9 standard heavy heavy 13.2 ns standard heavy heavy 13.0 13.9 standard heavy heavy 13.1 ns standard heavy heavy 12.7 13.8 standard heavy heavy 13.1 ns standard heavy heavy 12.7 13.8 standard heavy heavy 12.2 13.4 standard heavy heavy 12.5 13.6 standard heavy heavy 12.6 13.6 standard heavy heavy 12.3 13.4 standard heavy heavy 12.3 13.4

2-4-0

standard heavy heavy 12.4 ns standard heavy heavy 13.0 ns standard heavy heavy 12.8 13.8 standard heavy heavy 12.3 13.2 ns standard heavy heavy 13.0 13.9 standard heavy heavy 12.3 13.2 ns standard heavy heavy 13.0 13.9 standard heavy heavy 13.1 ns standard heavy heavy 12.9 13.8 standard heavy heavy 13.1 ns standard heavy heavy 12.9 13.8 standard heavy heavy 12.2 13.4 standard heavy heavy 12.5 13.6 standard heavy heavy 12.6 13.6 standard heavy heavy 12.3 13.4 standard heavy heavy 12.3 13.4

2-4-0

3-5-0

3-5-0

3 - 5 - 0S

3 - 5 - 0S

20 - 24 28 32 36 40

3-4-1

3-4-1

20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 28 32 36 40

3 - 4 - 1S

20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 28 32 36 40

3 - 4 - 1S

3-4-2

3-4-2

20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40

3 - 4 - 2S

20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40 20 24 - 28 32 36 40

3 - 4 - 2S

3-5-1

3-5-1

3 - 5 - 1S

3 - 5 - 1S

20 - 24 28 32 36 40

3-5-2

3-5-2

3 - 5 - 2S

3 - 5 - 2S

20 - 24 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 32 36 40

20 24 - 28 32 36 40

4-5-0

4-5-0

4-4-1

4-4-1

4-4-2

4-4-2

4-5-1

4-5-1

4-5-2

4-5-2

Notes:

3. For the tie pattern in Figure 9(c) and 9(f) tie duties shall be determined by reference to the appropriate table in Appendix A (page 170 - Volume 2) and doubling the tie duty listed. 4. ns means not stated as calculation indicates the stress exceeds the allowable limit on the scaffold. 5. The presence of the suffix S denotes a class 3 scaffold with a bay length no greater than 1.8m.

9 of 16

4.5 Freestanding house building scaffolds

Freestanding scaffolds may be built up to 6m high provided they are built to the following limiting specification: 3. Lift heights do not exceed 2m. 5. Only one lift is boarded. 2. The scaffold is not fitted with sheeting or debris netting. 1. Not more than 6m to the top-working platform.

4. Bay length no more than 2.1m.

6. Scaffold width is either four boards plus one or five boards wide. When fitted, the inside board is for light duty (0.75kN/m2) loading only. 9. Faade bracing is fitted from the top of the scaffold to the base every five bays. 8. Single un-jointed tubes are used for the standards and rakers. 7. Alternate pairs of standards are fully ledger braced.

When such scaffolds are more than 4m high, provision should be made to prevent overturning due to the effects of wind or other horizontal forces. (Note that a freestanding scaffold four boards wide and 6m high has a height to width ratio of about 6:1. This is well in excess of the limits for freestanding towers recommended in Clauses 24.11 to 24.14 (TG20:08 page 82-84). This may be done by the use of rakers to alternate pairs of standards, ties to the faade or to some other stable structure, suitably braced returns around the corners of the building or kentledge. Combinations of these methods may also be appropriate. When checking for overturning, the ratio of the righting moment to the overturning moment, should be not less than 1.5 4.6 Standard Putlog Scaffolds An example of a house building scaffold three lifts high with rakers is shown at Figure 18 (TG20:08 page 45).

The foundations of freestanding scaffolds must not permit settlement of the scaffold.

11. A maximum wind factor Swind = 26. See revised Clause 4.4.3

10. Maximum imposed working load of 2 kN/m2 is on one level only. This equates to general building work including brickwork, window and mullion fixing, rendering and plastering. It does NOT allow for the storage of palleted material.

Base plates, and where necessary sole plates should be placed under each standard. See also Clauses 7.1 to 7.7 (TG20:08 page 50-51). Tying recommendations are detailed in Clauses 5.1 to 5.4 (TG20:08 page 35-41) with special attention needed for Through ties. Refer to Clause 5.4.4.2 (TG20:08 page 40). To ensure the stability of the scaffold is maintained, it is recommended that: a) At the base lift a foot tie, attached to the standards using right-angle couplers, is installed 150mm above the base plates.

The blade end of the putlog tube or putlog adaptor is normally placed horizontally on the brickwork being built. However, where putlog scaffolds are erected against an existing brick wall for repointing, the old putlog holes may be reused or others raked out. In this case the putlog blades may be inserted vertically.

The standards are connected with a ledger fixed with right angle couplers and the putlogs may be fixed to the ledgers with right angle or putlog couplers.

A standard putlog scaffold consists of a single row of standards parallel to the face of the building and set as far away from it as is necessary to accommodate a platform of three to five boards with the inner edge of the platform as close to the wall as is practicable. An example is shown in Figure 8 (TG20:08 page 33).

NASC

10 of 16

b) At the first lift an under slung bridle tube should be installed approximately 100mm from the wall/ brickwork with right-angle couplers.

Longitudinal bracing (also called faade bracing) is required every six bays and extending to the full height of the scaffold, fitted either across two bays, or in a continuous line. Ledger bracing is not required in the finished structure. Single lift putlog scaffolds may be in use for bricklaying when the wall has not reached sufficient height to give an effective tie point. In this case, the scaffold should be stabilized by rakers and foot ties, until ties can be inserted in the wall.

Where a putlog is required for a board support and it is opposite an opening in the building such as a window or doorway, the inside end of the putlog should be supported on an under slung bridle tube spacing between adjacent putlogs, as shown in Figure 13 (TG20:08 page 40), which also shows a method of tying through these openings.

c) Ledger braces, connecting the bridle tube to the foot tie, should be installed at every second standard.

A Putlog fitting is not a tie. On walls without openings, single bricks should be left out to accept ties (TG20:08 page 33) Figure 8 Typical putlog scaffold (TG20:08 page 33) Notes

When using Putlog scaffolds it is important to ensure that the supporting structure can resist the forces generated by the scaffold. In cases where the brickwork is green, or there is any doubt about its adequacy to support the blade end of the putlog, then an independent scaffold should be considered. 4.6.1 Conditions for Basic Putlog Scaffolds 1. It is a Standard Putlog Scaffold.

The lift height for brickwork is normally between 1.35 m and 1.50m, although for certain types of masonry a lower lift height may be necessary. Putlog scaffolds are not normally sheeted.

2. Some transoms have been omitted for clarity. See Clause 10 (TG20:08 page 51).

1. This drawing should be read in conjunction with the text.

Basic Putlog Scaffolds require no further design, provided the conditions set out in Clause 4.6.1 are satisfied.

Basic Putlog Scaffolds may be constructed to the safe heights shown in this Guide, provided they are constructed in accordance with the recommendations set out below: 2. Loading classes, maximum bay lengths and scaffold widths conform to Table 1 (TG20:08 page 21). (Note that Putlog scaffolds do not have inside boards)

7. The wind loading factor Swind, defined in revised Clause 4.4.3, is not greater than 40. 9. The scaffold is unclad, and not fitted with debris netting/sheeting. 8. Load Classes 1, 2, 3 and 4 may be considered.

6. The scaffold is not subjected to the loading of materials, by mechanical means such as by rough terrain forklift trucks. Loading bays should be specially designed, see Clauses 20.1 to 20.7 (TG20:08 page 68-70).

5. If the bottom lift is more than 2.0m high, the scaffold must be tied at the first lift, or alternative arrangements made, see Clause 6.2.2 (TG20:08 page 46).

4. The lift height is not greater than 2.0m, except that the first lift may be up to 2.7m high.

3. There are only two working lifts in use, one fully loaded and one no more than 50% loaded.

NASC

11 of 16

10. Faade bracing is either continuous or fitted over two bays in every six bays. See Figures 20 (i) and (ii) (TG20:08 page 48). 11. Alternate standards are tied to the building faade. 12. Lines of ties are at alternate lifts as shown in Figure 9(a) (TG20:08 page 36).

In order to identify the appropriate safe working height, the procedure in 4.4.3, steps a) to d) should be followed to obtain the wind factor Swind for use in Table 5.

4.6.2 Procedure to determine maximum safe height of a Basic Putlog Scaffold

Safe heights for unclad Basic Putlog Scaffolds are given in Table 5 for lift heights of 1.5m and 2.0m. Tie duties are also specified.

NASC

12 of 16

table 5
Part Boarded
Load Class 1

Safe heights for UNCLAD Basic PUTLOG scaffolds with lines of ties alternate lifts
Fully Boarded
Swind 20 24 28 32 36 40 safe height m 20 16 13 11 9 ns 18 14 11 9 ns 15 12 10 ns 13 10 8 ns Tie duty/kN light light light light light ns light light light light ns light light light ns light light light ns Load Class Swind 20 - 36 40 safe height m 11 10 Tie duty/kN light light 2.0m lift height, faade bracing 2 bays in 6 1

2.0m lift height, faade bracing 2 bays in 6

20 24 28 32 36 - 40 20 24 28 32 - 40 20 24 28 32 - 40

20 - 36 40

9 8

light light

20 - 40

ns

ns

20 - 40

ns

ns

1.5m lift height, faade bracing 2 bays in 6 1 20 24 28 32 36 40 20 24 28 32 36 40 20 18 15 12 10 9 20 15 12 10 8 ns 17 13 10 8 ns 14 11 9 ns light light light light light light light light light light light ns light light light light ns light light light ns

1.5m lift height, faade bracing 2 bays in 6 1 20 - 32 36 40 16 14 11 light light light

20 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 24 28 32 36 - 40

15 14 11 9 14 11 9 ns 15 11 9 ns

light light light light light light light ns light light light ns

20 24 28 32 36 - 40 20 24 28 32 - 40

2.0m lift height, continuous faade bracing 1 2 20 - 36 40 20 - 32 36 40 20 - 36 40 20 - 32 36 40 20 17 19 17 15 15 13 13 12 11 light light light light light light light light light light

2.0m lift height, continuous faade bracing 1 2 20 - 36 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 11 10 9 light light

light ns ns

3 4

3 4

ns ns

1.5m lift height, continuous faade bracing 1 2 20 - 40 20 - 32 36 40 20 - 28 32 36 40 20 - 28 32 36 40 20 20 19 16 20 19 16 14 20 16 13 11 light light light light light light light light

1.5m lift height, continuous faade bracing 1 2 20 - 40 20 - 40 20 - 40 16 15 14 light light light

light light light light

20 - 40

15

light

Notes:

1. ns means not stated as calculation indicates the stress exceeds the allowable limit on the scaffold.

13 of 16

Appendix H

Tying to permeable open structures

In TG20:08 it is assumed that the scaffold is tied to a building facade that is impermeable and only has a small number of openings. For scaffolds tied to open frameworks or facades where there are a high percentage of openings, the scaffold will be subjected to a higher wind load and should therefore be specifically designed. This Appendix has also been revised to take account of the requirements of the new European Wind Code BS EN 19911-4:2005 which is part of Eurocode 1.

The safe heights for unclad scaffolds are given in Table 2 of TG20:08, but the tie duties given in that table apply only to scaffolds attached to impermeable facades which shield them from the wind. For unclad scaffolds tied to permeable open structures, the correct tie duty is obtained using Tables A to C below, the wind factor Swind, the bay length in metres and the safe height for the scaffold given in Table 2.

Table A Swind 20 24 28 32 36 Table C Swind 20 24 28 32 36 40 40

MAXIMUM PERMISSIBLE HEIGHTS FOR UNCLAD SCAFFOLDS TIED TO PERMEABLE OPEN STRUCTURES
Table B Swind 20 24 28 32 36 Notes: 40

Maximum permissible height in metres for scaffolds with Light Duty ties 1.8 50 11 Bay length in metres 2.1 40 2.4 19 2.7 10

Maximum permissible height in metres for scaffolds with Standard Duty ties 1.8 50 50 46 10 Bay length in metres 2.1 50 50 20 2.4 50 50 10 2.7 50 31

Maximum permissible height in metres for scaffolds with Heavy Duty ties 1.8 50 50 50 50 50 41 Bay length in metres 2.1 50 50 50 50 50 17 2.4 50 50 50 50 29 9 2.7 50 50 50 50 15

2. These tables apply only to scaffolds with lift heights of 2m or less

1. These tables apply to unclad scaffolds tied to permeable open structures only

5. When a heavy duty tie is not adequate, the tie density must be doubled, and heavy duty ties used

4. When the height of the scaffold exceeds the permissible height given in any of the tables above, a heavier duty tie should be used

3. These tables apply only to scaffolds with tie patterns detailed in Fig.9 (a), (b), (d) & (e) and comply with the requirements of clause 5.2

NASC

Rev A

14 of 16

EXAMPLES: USING TABLE 2 (VOL. 1) LINES OF TIES AT ALTERNATE LIFTS PART BOARDED
Example 2 Example 1 Scaffold designation 3-5-1 with an Swind Factor of 28 (Bay Length 2.1m) Scaffold designation 2-4-0 with an Swind Factor of 32 (Bay Length 2.4m) Scaffold designation 3-5-1 with an Swind Factor of 40 (Bay Length 2.1m) Scaffold designation 4-4-1 with an Swind Factor of 20 (Bay Length 1.8m) Scaffold designation 3-5-0S with an Swind Factor of 24 (Bay Length 1.8m)

Example 3 Example 4 Example 5

1. Using scaffold designation 3-5-0S, Table 1 gives a bay length of 1.8m and Table 2, with an Swind factor of 24, gives a safe height of 47m using Light Duty Ties. In Table B max height using Standard Duty ties is 50m USE STANDARD DUTY TIES For Scaffolds attached to permeable open structures In Table A max height using Light Duty ties is 11m LIGHT DUTY TIES CANNOT BE USED For Scaffolds attached to permeable open structures

2. Using scaffold designation 3-5-1, Table 1 gives a bay length of 2.1m and Table 2, with an Swind factor of 28, gives a safe height of 38m using Light Duty Ties. In Table B max height using Standard Duty ties is 20m STANDARD DUTY TIES CANNOT BE USED In Table A max height using Light Duty ties is undefined LIGHT DUTY TIES CANNOT BE USED

3. Using scaffold designation 2-4-0, Table 1 gives a bay length of 2.4m and Table 2, with an Swind factor of 32, gives a safe height of 41m using Light Duty Ties. In Table B max height using Standard Duty ties is undefined STANDARD DUTY TIES CANNOT BE USED 4. Using scaffold designation 3-5-1, Table 1 gives a bay length of 2.1m and Table 2, with an Swind factor of 40, gives a safe height of 38m using Light Duty Ties. In Table B max height using Standard Duty ties is undefined STANDARD DUTY TIES CANNOT BE USED In Table A max height using Light Duty ties is undefined LIGHT DUTY TIES CANNOT BE USED For Scaffolds attached to permeable open structures In Table C max height using Heavy Duty ties is 50m USE HEAVY DUTY TIES In Table A max height using Light Duty ties is undefined LIGHT DUTY TIES CANNOT BE USED For Scaffolds attached to permeable open structures

In Table C max height using Heavy Duty ties is 50m USE HEAVY DUTY TIES

5. Using scaffold designation 4-4-1, Table 1 gives a bay length of 1.8m and Table 2, with an Swind factor of 20, gives a safe height of 42m using Light Duty Ties. For Scaffolds attached to permeable open structures In Table A max height using Light Duty ties is 50m USE LIGHT DUTY TIES

In Table C max height using Heavy Duty Ties is 17m HEAVY DUTY TIES ARE NOT ADEQUATE THE TIE DENSITY MUST BE DOUBLED AND HEAVY DUTY TIES USED.

NASC

15 of 16

NOTES

Whilst every effort has been made to provide reliable and accurate information, we would welcome any corrections to information provided by the Writer which may not be entirely accurate, therefore and for this reason, the NASC or indeed the Writer, cannot accept responsibility for any misinformation posted.

NASC

NASC, 4TH FLOOR, 12 BRIDEWELL PLACE, LONDON EC4V 6AP TEL: 020 7822 7400 FAX: 020 7822 7401 enquiries@nasc.org.uk www.nasc.org.uk