Creating Solutions of Standard Molarity Harry Gill Millard Abbott Chem 1251L 043 Tuesday 8th October Introduction

n By using a Spec 20 machine determine the concentration of prepared solutions by comparing them to that of standard solutions provided for the lab. By using Beer-Lambert Law the spec-20 gives us enough data to calculate actual concentration of the standard solutions. Then after graphing the standard solutions on Exel you can find the equation to use with the prepared solutions.

Procedure After calculating how much Cu2+ needed to be used to create a 20ml of 0.5M solution, enough water was added to make the final volume 20ml. This solution was then used to create 3 more solutions of lower level concentration by diluting it with just water to make the final volume of the new solution 20ml. Then to find out what wavelength is best for this experiment the standard 0.2M solution was placed in the spec-20 and the wavelength with the highest absorbance was used for the rest of the experiment. The 9 different solutions, 4 standard, 4 prepared and 1 unknown, where then placed in turn into the Spec-20 and Transmittance was then recorded.

Result

T% T 100
This equation gave us transmittance. It is calculated but taking T% from the Spec-20 machine and dividing it by 100.

A LogT

Absorbance is give by anti-logging T that is found in the previous equation.

ActualConc .

A 0.0075 0.8775

Actual concentration can be found by subtraction 0.0075 from absorbance, found in the equation before, and dividing that final number by 0.8775. This equation was found by plotting concentration against absorbance of the Standard solutions on Exel and adding a trend line.

Diluting equation

M1* V1 M 2* V 2

The molarity of one multiplied by the volume of the same equals the Molarity multiplied by the volume of the diluted solution.

Molarity is found from number of mols divided by volume of solution.

# mols Volume( L )

Number of moles are found by dividing the mass of solid by its molar mass

g n molar.mass
Table 1 Graph 1
0.5 Absorbance 0.438 0.211 0.086 0.041 Concentration 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.05 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.2 0.4 0.6 Series1 Linear (Series1) y = 0.8775x + 0.0075

Solution 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.05

The use of these equations then lets us work out actual concentration for the prepared solutions as shown in table and graph 2. Table 2
Solution (prepared)/M Actual Conc.

0.5 0.2 0.1 0.05

0.526 0.252 0.096 0.089

Graph 2
0.6 0.5 0.4 0.3 0.2 0.1 0 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 Series1 Linear (Series1) y = 1.0077x + 0.0266

With Actual Conc. On the X-axis and Solution/measured Conc. On the Y-axis.

With That data we can then work out the % Error as shown in Table 3. Table 3
measured Conc. 0.5 0.2 0.1 0.05 Actual Conc. 0.526 0.252 0.098 0.089 % Error 5.2 26 4 7.8

Discussion The data shows that there is a positive correlation between Concentration and Absorbance. Therefore if the concentration increases so does the Absorbance.

Conclusion The positive correlation was expected as a higher concentration means more molecules per litre therefore the solution would be thicker so less light waves would get though the solution meaning a higher absorbance. But table 3 shows that there is lots of room for error, this can come from many places be it; from miss calculation when making the first prepared solution (adding too much Cu2+ or water) or any of the diluting whilst making the other 3.

Sample Calculations Creating the prepared 0.5 mols:

0.5M * 0.02 L 0.01 mol

Diluting to 20ml of 0.2

0.01mol * 249.68g. per.mol 2.5g

0.1M * 0.02L 0.008L 0.5M

Transmittance of standard 0.5M

36.5T % 0.365 100

Absorbance of Standard 0.5M

A Log0.365 0.438

Actual concentration of prepared 0.5M

Conc

0.469 0.0075 0.526 0.8775