Chapter #11: Triumphs and Travails of the Jeffersonian Republic Big Picture Themes 1.

. Jeffersons election was considered a revolution because he represented the common people for the first time. 2. Troubles in North Africa and between England and France emerged. Jeffersons actions were sluggish. 3. Trying to again avoid war with England or France, Jefferson bumbled around with an embargo. His theory was that the only way to avoid war was to stop interaction between U.S. ships and Europe. The overall effect was to kill U.S. trade and enrage the merchants and businessmen up North. 4. The Louisiana Purchase came as a complete surprise and quickly doubled the size of the U.S. 5. James Madison picked up where Jefferson left off with the embargo in trying to avoid war. But, young western Congressmen wanted war to possibly gain new land, to squelch Indian troubles, and defend the free seas. They declared the War of 1812 with England. IDENTIFICATIONS: Marbury v. Madison Court case where Madison wanted to prevent Marbury from obtaining a position in government because Adams signed the form on the last day of presidency. This gave the Supreme Court the power of Judicial Review. Henry Clay Henry Clay, Sr. (April 12, 1777 June 29, 1852) was an American lawyer, politician and skilled orator who represented Kentucky in both the United States Senate and House of Representatives. He served three different terms as Speaker of the House of Representatives and was also Secretary of State from 1825 to 1829. He lost his campaigns for president in 1824, 1832 and 1844. Essex Junto The Essex Junto was a powerful group of New England Federalist Party lawyers, merchants, and politicians Burr Conspiracy The Burr conspiracy in the beginning of the 19th century was a suspected treasonous cabal of planters, politicians, and army officers allegedly led by former U.S. Vice President Aaron Burr. Impressment

Impressment, colloquially, "the Press" or the "Press gang", refers to the act of taking men into a navy by force and with or without notice. Chesapeake/Leopard Incident The ChesapeakeLeopard Affair was a naval engagement that occurred off the coast of Norfolk, Virginia, on 22 June 1807, between the British warship HMS Leopard and American frigate USS Chesapeake, when the crew of the Leopard pursued, attacked and boarded the American frigate looking for deserters from the Royal Navy. Non-intercourse Act This Act lifted all embargoes on American shipping except for those bound for British or French ports. Macons Bill No. 2 Macon's Bill Number 2,[1] which became law in the United States on May 14, 1810, was intended to motivate Britain and France to stop seizing American vessels during the Napoleonic Wars. William Henry Harrison and the Battle of Tippecanoe The Battle of Tippecanoe was fought on November 7, 1811, between United States forces led by Governor William Henry Harrison of the Indiana Territory and Native American warriors associated with the Shawnee leader Tecumseh. War Hawks Members of Congress who wanted to go to war against the British. Battle of Horseshoe Bend The Battle of Horseshoe Bend, was fought during the War of 1812 in central Alabama. On March 27, 1814, United States forces and Indian allies under Major General Andrew Jackson[2] defeated the Red Sticks, a part of the Creek Indian tribe who opposed American expansion, effectively ending the Creek War. Hartford Convention The Hartford Convention was an event in 18141815 in Hartford, Connecticut, United States, in which New England Federalists met to discuss their grievances concerning the ongoing War of 1812 and the political problems arising from the federal government's increasing power. Treaty of Ghent The Treaty of Ghent was signed on 24 December 1814 in the Flemish city of Ghent, was the peace treaty that ended the War of 1812 between the United States of America and the United Kingdom. Treaty of Greenville 1795 The Treaty of Greenville was signed on August 3, 1795 following the Native American loss at the Battle of Fallen Timbers the previous year. The parties to the treaty were a coalition of American Indian tribes, known as the Western Confederacy, and the local

frontiersmen of the United States. It ended the Northwest Indian War in the Ohio Country. Battle of New Orleans The Battle of New Orleans took place on January 8, 1815 and was the final major battle of the War of 1812. GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: Federalist and Republican Mudslingers Know: John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, Whispering Campaign 1. What political liabilities existed for Adams and for Jefferson in 1800? Jefferson was a strict constructionist and was supported by the South while Adams was a loose constructionist and supported by the North. The Jeffersonian "Revolution of 1800" Know: Aaron Burr 2. Was the 1800 election more or less important than the 1796 election? Explain. More important because it caused a peaceful shift in power which was usually very rare and showed that the American Constitution was working. 3. If the Federalists had power for such a short time, were they really that important? Explain. Yes, they were the first political party to exist, had the first two presidents and helped create the constitution and get rid of the Articles of confederation. Responsibility Breeds Moderation Know: Pell-mell 4. How revolutionary was the "Revolution of 1800?" It was very revolutionary because there was rarely a time where a peaceful exchange happened. Usually the country goes under a bloody revolution. Jeffersonian Restraint Know: Albert Gallatin 5. "As president, Thomas Jefferson acted more like a Federalist than like a Democratic Republican." Assess. Jefferson broke many of his old beliefs by keeping the Bank of the United States, purchasing the Louisiana Territory, created an embargo, which strengthened the government and kept the National Debt.

The "Dead Clutch" of the Judiciary Know: Judiciary Act of 1801, Midnight Judges, John Marshall, Marbury v. Madison, Samuel Chase

What was the main purpose of John Marshall as Chief Justice? How can this be seen in the Marbury v. Madison decision? The main purpose of John Marshall as Chief Justice was to keep the Federalists ingrained into one part of the US government to maintain and continue the Federalist Legacy. This is seen when John Marshall decided to create judicial review which is not stated in the Constitution. Jefferson, a Reluctant Warrior Know: Barbary States, Shores of Tripoli, Gunboats 7. How did Jefferson deal with the extortion of the Barbary States? Jefferson created a small navy to fight off the Barbary States after the pirates refused to give a reasonable payment plan. The Louisiana Godsend Know: New Orleans, Deposit Privileges, James Monroe and Robert Livingston, Napoleon, Toussaint L'Ouverture 8. Explain two ways that history may have been different if the French had not sold Louisiana to the United States. If the French did not sell Louisiana to America, there would probably be the country of Louisiana and Mexico would still be huge. America would not go from sea to shining sea. Louisiana in the Long View Know: Lewis and Clark, Sacajawea, Zebulun Pike 9. What positive consequences resulted from the Louisiana Purchase? America had doubled in size, creating new land for more settlers and western expansion furthering the ideals of Manifest Destiny. America: A Nutcracked Neutral Know: Orders in Council, Impressment, Chesapeake 10. In what way did the struggle between France and Britain affect the United States? The struggle between France and Britain affected the US because the US was trading with both nations and France and Britain wanted the US to stop trading. The Hated Embargo Know: Embargo Act, Non-Intercourse Act 11. Who opposed the embargo and why? The federalists opposed the Embargo because it hurt the New England industry the most. Madisons Gamble Know: James Madison, Macon's Bill No. 2 12. How did Napoleon take advantage of American policy? Napoleon tried to trick the Americans to place an Embargo only on British goods and trade with France. Tecumseh and the Prophet Know: War Hawks, Henry Clay, Tecumseh, The Prophet, William Henry Harrison

13. What considerations motivated the war hawks to call for war with Great Britain? The motivations for War was to show the British their place, to regain trade, to take Canada, and to gain more land.

"Mr. Madison's War" Know: War of 1812 14. How and why did New England Federalists oppose the War of 1812? The New England Federalists opposed the war because they were against everything the Republicans supported and thought that the war would hurt industry.

Chapter #12: The Second War for Independence and the Upsurge of Nationalism 1. The U.S. vs. England fighting had a few themes: (a) U.S. lost in Canada, (b) U.S. surprisingly won at sea, (c) the two split in the Chesapeake, and (d) the U.S. won the big battle at New Orleans. 2. The war was not universally supported. Mostly, the North opposed the war since it was bad for trade. The South and West generally favored the war. 3. After the war, the U.S. could focus on herself, as with the American System to build up the economy. 4. In terms of expansion, a few things happened: (a) the Missouri Compromise drew an East-West line to separate slave and free states, (b) Oregon and Florida became American lands, and (c) the Monroe Doctrine warned Europe to stay away! IDENTIFICATIONS: Rush-Bagot Agreement The RushBagot Treaty or "Rush-Bagot Disarmament", was a treaty between the United States and Britain limiting naval armaments on the Great Lakes and Lake Champlain, following the War of 1812. Second Bank of the United States The Second Bank of the United States, located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, was the second federally authorized Hamiltonian National Bank in the United States during its 20-year charter from February 1817 to January 1836. Francis Cabot Lowell Francis Cabot Lowell (April 7, 1775 - August 10, 1817) was an American businessman for whom the city of Lowell, Massachusetts, is named. He was instrumental in bringing the Industrial Revolution to the United States. Era of Good Feelings The Era of Good Feelings marked a period in the political history of the United States that reflected a sense of national purpose and a desire for unity among Americans in the aftermath of the Napoleonic Wars. Adams-Onis Treaty The AdamsOns Treaty of 1819, also known as the Transcontinental Treaty or the Purchase of Florida, or the Florida Treaty, was a treaty between the United States and Spain in 1819 that gave Florida to the U.S. and set out a boundary between the U.S. and New Spain (now Mexico).

Panic of 1819 The Panic of 1819 was the first major peacetime financial crisis in the United States followed by a general collapse of the American economy persisting through 1821.

Tallmadge Amendment The Tallmadge Amendment was a proposed amendment to a bill requesting the Territory of Missouri to be admitted to the Union as a state.

Missouri Compromise The Missouri Compromise was passed in 1820 between the pro-slavery and antislavery factions in the United States Congress, involving primarily the regulation of slavery in the western territories. It prohibited slavery in the former Louisiana Territory north of the parallel 3630 north except within the boundaries of the proposed state of Missouri.

John Marshall John James Marshall (September 24, 1755 July 6, 1835) was the fourth Chief Justice of the United States (18011835). His court opinions helped lay the basis for United States constitutional law and made the Supreme Court of the United States a coequal branch of government along with the legislative and executive branches. Latin American Revolution The Latin American Wars of Independence were the revolutions that took place during the late 18th and early 19th centuries and resulted in the creation of a number of independent countries in Latin America. These revolutions followed the American and French Revolutions, which had profound effects on the Spanish, Portuguese and French colonies in the Americas. Monroe Doctrine The Monroe Doctrine was a policy of the United States introduced on December 2, 1823. It stated that further efforts by European nations to colonize land or interfere with states in North or South America would be viewed as acts of aggression, requiring U.S. intervention. GUIDED READING QUESTIONS: On to Canada over Land and Lakes Know: Oliver Hazard Perry, Thomas Macdonough 1. Evaluate the success of the US navy in the fight for Canada. The US navy was particularly successful in defeating the British even though the British were better equipped and trained. The fight for Canada was a complete disaster. Washington Burned and New Orleans Defended

Know: Francis Scott Key, Andrew Jackson, Battle of New Orleans 2. Did the United States fight the War of 1812 effectively? Explain. The US did not fight the War of 1812 effectively because they suffered more losses than victories and were unable to achieve their goals. The Treaty of Ghent Know: Treaty of Ghent, John Quincy Adams, Henry Clay 3. Was the Treaty of Ghent advantageous to the United States? Explain. Yes because America was allowed to keep all of its land and began to restore better relations with the British. Federalist Grievances and the Hartford Convention Know: Blue Light Federalists, Hartford Convention 4. What did the Hartford Convention do? The Hartford Convention tried to discuss their grievances and redress the wrongs done by the war. They demanded financial assistance, and requiring a two-thirds majority to impose an Embargo. The Second War for American Independence 5. What were the long term effects of the War of 1812? The long term effects of the war include showing that America can stand up for itself, discovered new war heroes, prosperous industry, Canadian patriotism and sectionalism. Nascent Nationalism Know: Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper, Stephen Decatur 6. What evidence of nationalism surfaced after the War of 1812? Many paintings were created to show Americas glory and success and honoring the army and navy. "The American System" Know: Tariff of 1816, Henry Clay, The American System, Erie Canal 7. In what ways could nationalism be seen in the politics and economics of the postwar years? In economics, a new tariff was set in place to protect American business and industry, and to create a strong banking system that will provide easy and abundant credit. The So-Called Era of Good Feelings Know: James Monroe, Virginia Dynasty, Era of Good Feelings 8. To what extent was James Monroe's presidency an Era of Good Feelings? Monroes presidency was connected to the Era of Good Feelings because there was a sudden surge of nationalism and happiness within the Army. The Panic of 1819 and the Curse of Hard Times Know: Wildcat Banks, Panic of 1819 9. Explain the causes and effects of the Panic of 1819.

The cause of the Panic of 1819 was over speculation over land, which caused the first peacetime depression in the United States. This hurt the small land owners and the poor which sowed the seed of Jacksonian Democracy. Growing Pains of the West 10. What factors led to the settlement of the West in the years following the War? The availability of land was so abundant and cheap, people couldnt resist the urge to go to the west to begin farms and families. Slavery and the Sectional Balance Know: Tallmadge Amendment, Peculiar Institution 11 Why was Missouri's request for statehood so explosive? This would tip the balance of the free northern states and the slave southern states in favor of the south. The Uneasy Missouri Compromise Know: Henry Clay, Missouri Compromise, "Firebell in the Night" 12. "Neither the North nor South was acutely displeased, although neither was completely happy." Explain. The Missouri Compromise gave both the North and the South some of what they wanted but not all of what they wanted. John Marshall and Judicial Nationalism Know: John Marshall, McCulloch v. Maryland, Loose Construction, Cohens v. Virginia, Gibbons v. Ogden 13. Explain Marshall's statement, "Let the end be legitimate,...are constitutional." This refers to the act of Judicial Review where the supreme court decides whether a law is legitimate and constitutional in the end. Judicial Dikes Against Democratic Excesses Know: Fletcher v. Peck, Dartmouth College v. Woodward, Daniel Webster 14. "John Marshall was the most important Federalist since George Washington." Assess. He was able to continue the federalist policies for years after the death of the Federalist Party. Sharing Oregon and Acquiring Florida Know: John Quincy Adams, Treaty of 1818, Andrew Jackson, Adams-Onis Treat of 1819 15. Who was more important to American territorial expansion, Andrew Jackson or John Quincy Adams? Explain. Andrew Jackson was more important because it was his actions that influenced the Spanish to give up Florida. The Menace of Monarchy in America Know: George Canning 16 How did Great Britain help support American desires regarding Latin America?

Great Britain helped by trying to aid America in prevent the other parties out of expansion which influenced the Americans to make the Monroe Doctrine. Monroe and His Doctrine Know: John Quincy Adams, Monroe Doctrine 17 How could a militarily weak nation like the United States make such a bold statement ordering European nations to stay out of the Americas? They could state it because North and South America was too far away for the Europeans to effectively influence the new countries. Monroe's Doctrine Appraised 18. Evaluate the importance of the Monroe Doctrine in subsequent American history. The importance of the Monroe doctrine is that the western hemisphere was able to go into isolation for the next hundred or so years.