CCNA 1 version 3.1 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Contents Characteristics of Ethernet networks Identify cables, hub, switch, bridge, wireless LAN Peer-to-peer and client-server networks WAN equipment , ISDN, DSL, cable modem 2 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Ethernet: LAN physical layer Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Ethernet in the campus Ethernet was first implemented by the Digital, Intel, and Xerox group, referred to as DIX Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE) 802.3 specification The IEEE extended 802.3 to three new committees known as 802.3u (Fast Ethernet), 802.3z (Gigabit Ethernet over Fiber), and 802.3ab (Gigabit Ethernet over UTP). 3 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Ethernet in various usage An Ethernet speed of 10 Mbps can be used at the user level to provide good performance. Clients or servers that require more bandwidth can use 100-Mbps Ethernet. Fast Ethernet is used as the link between user and network devices. It can support the combination of all traffic from each Ethernet segment. To enhance client-server performance across the campus network and avoid bottlenecks, Fast Ethernet can be used to connect enterprise servers. Fast Ethernet or Gigabit Ethernet, as affordable, should be implemented between backbone devices. Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Ethernet media and connector requirements Ethernet implementations are derived from the Electronic Industries Association and the Telecommunications Industry Association (EIA/TIA) The categories of cabling defined for Ethernet are derived from the EIA/TIA-568 4 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com 5 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com The RJ45 plug and its cabling in side Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com The RJ45 Jack and its pins 6 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com straight-through cable crossover cable Cable usages: X connects to X by crossover None X connects to none X by crossover None X connects to X by straight 7 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com A repeater receives a signal, regenerates it, and passes it on. It can regenerate and retime network signals at the bit level to allow them to travel a longer distance on the media. The Four Repeater Rule for 10-Mbps Ethernet should be used as a standard when extending LAN segments. 5-4-3-2-1 rule states that no more than four repeaters can be used between hosts on a LAN. Repeater Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Multi-port repeaters Most commonly used in Ethernet 10BASE-T or 100BASE-T networks There are Passive, Active, Intelligent hubs The more devices there are attached to the hub, the more likely there will be collisions.. Every device connected to the same network segment is said to be a member of a collision domain Hub 8 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Passi ve A passive hub serves as a physical connection point only. It does not manipulate or view the traffic that crosses it. It does not boost or clean the signal, so the passive hub does not need electrical power. Acti ve An active hub must be plugged into an electrical outlet because it needs power to amplify the incoming signal before passing it out to the other ports. Intelligent These devices basically function as active hubs, but also include a microprocessor chip and diagnostic capabilities. Hub Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Wireless signals are electromagnetic waves that travel through the air Wireless networks use Radio Frequency (RF), laser, infrared (IR), or satellite/microwaves to carry signals The two most common wireless technologies used for networking are IR and RF Two approaches currently being used to implement spread spectrum for WLAN transmissions are Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum (FHSS) and Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum (DSSS) Wireless 9 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Break up a large LAN into smaller, more easily managed segments, decreases the amount of traffic on a single LAN ( switches, routers, and gateways also can do) 1. Destination is same segment = dont forward 2. Destination is on different segment = forward 3. Destination is unknown = forward to all segment except the one that received it Bridge Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Multi-port bridge Similarity to bridge but a switch chooses the port to which the destination device or workstation is connected Switch : improve network performance by improving speed and bandwidth, alleviates congestion, replacing hubs with existing cable infrastructures Switch 10 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Switch functions & benefits Switching data frames is the process by which a frame is received on an input medium and then transmitted to an output medium. Maintenance of switching operations where switches build and maintain switching tables and search for loops operate at much higher speeds than bridges and can support new functionality, such as virtual LANs parallel in communication: use of virtual circuits (in a virtually collision-free environment ) Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com To connect a host device to the network medium NICs are considered Layer 2 devices because each NIC carries a unique code called a MAC address Consideration: expansion slot, network media/connector (may included transceiver) NIC, Host connectivity 11 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Networked computers take on different roles or functions in relation to each other Individual users control their own resources users may decide to share certain files with other users, no central point of control or administration in the network Relatively easy to install and operate Doesnt scale up well (less than 10 computers) Peer-to-peer Network Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Network services are located on a dedicated computer called a server Before a client can access the server resources, the client must be identified and be authorized to use the resource Concentration of network resources such as files, printers, and applications on servers also makes the data generated easier to back-up and maintain Client/server Network 12 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com CSU/DSU CSU/DSU Modem Telco Service Provider (Cloud of WAN Switches) CO Last Mile or Local Loop L o c a l L A N DTE DCE DTE DCE W A N
L i n k D e m a r c Remote User Router CPE RAS WAN Connections CO: Central Office. Local loop or last mile. CSU: Channel Service Unit. DSU: Data Service Unit. Demarc.: Demarcation Point. CPE: Customer Premises Equipments. Router. Modem. Local LAN. DTE: Data Terminal Equipment. DCE: Data Communication Equipment. Remote User. RAS: Remote Access Server. WAN Switch. WAN Link. Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com WAN physical layer T1/E1 or above Up to T1/E1 ISDN (BRI): two 64 kbps (B channels) for data, one (D channel) at 16 kbps 2400bps up to T1(1.544M), E1(2.048M) 13 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com WAN serial connections WANs use serial transmission Normally the router will be a data terminal equipment (DTE) and use a DTE serial cable. A device that provides signal clocking such as a channel/data service unit (CSU/DSU) will connect to it. Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Router & serial connections Router connects WANs and LANs Router serial cable is DTE but maybe DCE if need to configure back-to-back Interfaces on routers with fixed serial ports are labeled for port type and port number, e.g. S0, S1, E0, F0 Interfaces on routers with modular serial ports are labeled for port type, slot, and port number, e.g. s0/1, fa0/0 14 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Router and other connections ISDN BRI interface Cable TV interface DSL interface Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Router & console connection The console port allows monitoring and configuration of a Cisco hub, switch, or router Need rollover cable and configure the terminal emulation application with the following common equipment (COM) port settings: 9600 bps, 8 data bits, no parity, 1 stop bit, and no flow control The AUX port is used to provide out-of-band management through a modem 15 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Summary A network interface card (NIC) Use a crossover cable to connect between two similar devices, such as switches, routers, PCs, and hubs. Use a straight-through cable to connect between different devices, such as connections between a switch and a router, a switch and a PC, or a hub and a router. There are two major types of LANs, peer-to-peer and client/server. WANs use serial data transmission. WAN connection types include ISDN, DSL, and cable modems. A router is usually the DTE and needs a serial cable to connect to a DCE device like a CSU/DSU. Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Summary The ISDN BRI has two types of interfaces, S/T and U interfaces. To interconnect the ISDN BRI port to the service-provider device, a UTP Category 5 straight-through cable with RJ-45 connectors, is used. A phone cable and an RJ-11 connector are used to connect a router for DSL service. Coaxial cable and a BNC connector are used to connect a router for cable service. Rollover cable is used to connect a terminal and the console port of an internetworking device 16 Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com Lab Establishing a Console Connection to a Router or Switch Identify router interface names Setup simple WAN with two PCs, two switches, two routers Hc vin mng Cisco Bch Khoa - Website: www.ciscobachkhoa.com http://www.erg.abdn.ac.uk/users/gorry/course/ phy-pages/ phy.html http://www.kan.org/networking/ nethardware.html http://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/ sDefinition/0,,sid7_ gci213079,00.html http://searchsystemsmanagement.techtarget.com/ sDefinition/0,,sid20 _gci212660,00.html http://www.vtac.org/Tech/TDbasics_of_ switching.htm http://www.webwisdom.com/edu_content/ cps640fall00/ lectures/module3/WAN/ sld008.htm