2.

AUSTRALIA
Australia officially the Commonwealth of Australia,is a country comprising the mainland of the Australian continent, the island of Tasmania, and numerous smaller islands. It is the world's sixth-largest country by total area. Neighbouring countries includeIndonesia, East Timor and Papua New Guinea to the north; the Solomon Islands, Vanuatu and New Caledonia to the north-east; and New Zealandto the south-east.For at least 40,000 years before the first British settlement in the late 18th century,Australia was inhabited by indigenous Australians, who spoke languages grouped into roughly 250 language groups.[17][18] After discovery by Dutch explorers in 1606, Australia's eastern half was claimed by Great Britain in 1770 and settled through penal transportation to the colony of New South Wales from 26 January 1788. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades; the continent was explored and an additional five self-governing Crown Colonies were established. A highly developed country and one of the wealthiest, Australia is the world's 12th-largest economy and has the world's fifth-highest per capita income. Australia's military expenditure is the world's 13th-largest. With the second-highest human development index globally, Australia ranks highly in many international comparisons of national performance, such as quality of life, health, education, economic freedom, and the protection ofcivil liberties and political rights. Australia is a member of the United Nations, G20, Commonwealth of Nations, ANZUS, Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), World Trade Organization, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation, and the Pacific Islands Forum.

CAPITAL :

CANBERRA

CURRENCY :

The Australian dollar (sign: $; code: AUD) is the currency of the Commonwealth of Australia, including Christmas Island, Cocos (Keeling) Islands, and Norfolk Island, as well as the independent Pacific Island states of Kiribati, Nauru and Tuvalu. Within Australia it is almost always abbreviated with the dollar sign ($), with A$ sometimes used to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. It is subdivided into 100 cents.

3. CHINA
China, officially the People's Republic of China (PRC), is a sovereign state located in East Asia. It is the world's most populous country, with a population of over 1.35 billion. The PRC is a single-party state governed by the Communist Party, with its seat of government in the capital city of Beijing. It exercises jurisdiction over 22 provinces, five autonomous regions, four direct-controlled municipalities (Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, and Chongqing), and two mostly selfgoverning special administrative regions (Hong Kong and Macau). The PRC also claims Taiwan which is controlled by the Republic of China (ROC), a separate political entity as its 23rd province, a claim controversial due to the complex political status of Taiwan and the unresolved Chinese Civil War. Covering approximately 9.6 million square kilometres, China is the world's second-largest country by land area, but only the third or fourth-largest by total area, dependent on whether the surface areas of various inland bodies of water such as the Great Lakes are included in the total area of a country. China's landscape is vast and diverse, ranging from forest steppes and the Gobi and Taklamakan deserts in the arid north to subtropicalforests in the wetter south.

CAPITAL :

BEIJING

CURRENCY :

The renminbi (RMB, sign: ; code: CNY; also CN, and CN ) is the official currency of the People's Republic of China. Renminbi is legal tender in mainland China, but not in Hong Kong, Taiwan, or Macau. Renminbi is sometimes accepted in Hong Kong and Macau, and are easily exchanged in the two territories, with banks in Hong Kong allowing people to maintain accounts in RMB. The currency is issued by the People's Bank of China, the monetary authority of China. Its name literally means "people's currency"

4. UNITED STATE
The United States of America (USA or U.S.A.), commonly referred to as the United States (US or U.S.), America, or simply the States, is afederal republic consisting of 50 states and a federal district. The 48 contiguous states and the federal district of Washington, D.C. are in central North America between Canada and Mexico. The state of Alaska is the northwestern part of North America, west of Canada and east of Russia which is across the Bering Strait in Asia, and the state of Hawaii is an archipelago in the mid-North Pacific. The country also has five populated and nine unpopulated territories in the Pacific and the Caribbean. The U.S. exercises full international defense authority and responsibility for three sovereign nations through Compact of Free Association with Micronesia, the Marshall Islands and Palau, all of which are Pacific island nations which became US territories after World War II and gained independence in subsequent years. At 3.79 million square miles in total and with around 316 million people, the United States is the fourthlargest in total area, the fifth largest in the contiguous area and third in population. It is one of the world's most ethnically diverse and multicultural nations, the product of large-scale immigration from many countries.[12] The geography and climate of the U.S. is also extremely diverse, with deserts, plains, forests, and mountains that are home to a wide variety of wildlife.

Capital:

WASHINGTON, D.C.
CURRENCY

The United States dollar (sign: $; code: USD; also abbreviated US$), is referred to as the U.S. dollar or American dollar. It is the official currency of the United States and its overseas territories. It is divided into 100 smaller units called cents.

5. INDONESIA
Indonesia officially the Republic of Indonesia (Indonesian: Republik IndonesiaIndonesian pronunciation: [rpublik ndonesia]), is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia and Oceania. Indonesia is an archipelago comprising approximately 17,508 islands.[6] It encompasses 34 provinces with over 238 million people, making it the world's fourth most populous country. Indonesia's republic form of government comprises an elected legislature and president. The nation's capital city is Jakarta. The country shares land borders with Papua New Guinea, East Timor, and Malaysia. Other neighboring countries include Singapore, Philippines, Australia, Palau, and the Indian territory of the Andaman and Nicobar Islands. Indonesia is a founding member of ASEAN and a member of the G-20 major economies. The Indonesian economy is the world's 16th largest by nominal GDP. The Indonesian archipelago has been an important trade region since at least the 7th century, when Srivijaya and then later Majapahit traded with China and India. Local rulers gradually absorbed foreign cultural, religious and political models from the early centuries CE .

CAPITAL :

JAKARTA
CURRENCY :
The rupiah (Rp) is the official currency of Indonesia. Issued and controlled by the Bank of Indonesia, the ISO 4217 currency code for the Indonesian rupiah is IDR. Informally, Indonesians also use the word "perak" ('silver' in Indonesian) in referring to rupiah. The rupiah is subdivided into 100 sen, although inflation has rendered all coins and banknotes denominated in sen obsolete.

6. BRAZIL
Brazil i/brzl/ (Portuguese: Brasil, IPA: [baziw][8]), officially the Federative Republic of Brazil (Portuguese: Repblica Federativa do Brasil, is the largest country in both South America and the Latin American region. It is the world's fifth largest country, both bygeographical area and by population.[10] It is the largest Lusophone country in the world, and the only one in the Americas. Bounded by the Atlantic Ocean on the east, Brazil has a coastline of 7,491 km (4,655 mi).[12] It is bordered on the north by Venezuela, Guyana,Suriname and the French overseas region of French Guiana; on the northwest by Colombia; on the west by Bolivia and Peru; on the southwest byArgentina and Paraguay and on the south by Uruguay. Numerous archipelagos form part of Brazilian territory, such as Fernando de Noronha,Rocas Atoll, Saint Peter and Paul Rocks, and Trindade and Martim Vaz.[12] It borders all other South American countries except Ecuador and Chileand occupies 47% of the continent of South America.

CAPITAL :

BRASLIA
CURRENCY :
The real is the presentday currency of Brazil. Its sign is R$ and its ISO code is BRL. It is subdivided into 100 centavos ("hundredths"). The modern real was introduced in 1994 as part of the Plano Real, a substantial monetary reform package that aimed to put an end to three decades of rampant inflation. At the time it was meant to have approximately fixed 1:1 exchange rate with the United States dollar. It suffered a sudden devaluation to a rate of about 2:1 in 1999, reached almost 4:1 in 2002, then partly recovered and has been approximately 2:1 since 2006. The exchange rate as of April 26, 2013 is BRL 2.00 to USD 1.00.

7. PAKISTAN
Pakistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan(Urdu: , Islm Jumhriya'eh Pkistn, Urdu: [slmi dmuri-e pkstn]), is a sovereign country in South Asia. With a population exceeding 180 million people, it is the sixth most populous country and with an area covering 796,095 km2 (307,374 sq. miles), it is the 36th largest country in the world in terms of area. Located at the crossroads of the strategically important regions of South Asia, Central Asiaand Western Asia, Pakistan has a 1,046-kilometre (650 mi) coastline along the Arabian Sea and the Gulf of Oman in the south and is bordered byIndia to the east, Afghanistan to the west and north, Iran to the southwest and China in the far northeast. It is separated from Tajikistan by Afghanistan's narrow Wakhan Corridor in the north, and also shares a marine border with Oman.

CAPITAL :

ISIAMABAD
CURRENCY :
The Pakistani rupee(sign: Rp., or ; code: PKR) is the official currency of Pakistan. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the State Bank of Pakistan, the central bank of the country. The most commonly used symbol for the rupee is Rs, used on receipts when purchasing goods and services. In Pakistan, the rupee is referred to as the "rupees", "rupaya" or "rupaye". As standard in Pakistani English, large values of rupees are counted in terms of thousands, lakh (100 thousand) and crore (10 million).

8. NIGERIA
Nigeria officially the Federal Republic of Nigeria, is a federal constitutional republic comprising 36 states and its Federal Capital Territory, Abuja. The country is located in West Africa and shares land borders with the Republic of Benin in the west, Chad andCameroon in the east, and Niger in the north. Its coast in the south lies on the Gulf of Guinea on the Atlantic Ocean. There are over 500 ethnic groups in Nigeria of which the three largest ethnic groups are the Hausa, Igbo and Yoruba. The name Nigeria was taken from the Niger River running through the country. This name was coined by Flora Shaw, who later married Baron Lugard, a British colonial administrator, in the late 19th century. The British colonised Nigeria in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century, setting up administrative structures and law while recognizing traditional chiefs. Nigeria became independent in 1960. Several years later, it had civil war as Biafra tried to establish independence. Military governments in times of crisis have alternated with democratically elected governments.

CAPITAL :

ABUJA
CURRENCY :

The naira (sign: ; code: NGN) is the currency of Nigeria. It is subdivided into 100 kobo. The Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) is the sole issuer of legal tender money throughout the Federation. It controls the volume of money supply in the economy in order to ensure monetary and price stability. The Currency & Branch Operations Department of the CBN is in charge of currency management, through the procurement, distribution/supply, processing, reissue and disposal/disintegration of bank notes and coins.

9. BANGLADESH
Bangladesh officially the People's Republic of Bangladesh(Bengali: Gnprjatntri Bangladesh), is a country in South Asia, located on the fertile Bengal delta. It is bordered by theRepublic of India to its north, west and east, by the Union of Myanmar (Burma) to its south-east and by the Bay of Bengal to its south. It is separated from the Democratic Republic of Nepal and the Kingdom of Bhutan by the narrow Indian Siliguri Corridor. Together with the neighbouring Indian state of West Bengal, it makes up the ethno-linguistic region of Bengal. The name Bangladesh means "Country of Bengal" in the officialBengali language. The borders of modern Bangladesh took shape during the Partition of Bengal and British India in 1947, when the region became the eastern wingof the newly formed state of Pakistan. Due to political exclusion, ethnic and linguistic discrimination and economic neglect by the politically dominant western-wing, movements like popular agitation, nationalism and civil disobedience led to the Bangladesh Liberation War in the region in 1971 which resulted in separation and Independence of the region from Pakistan into an independent Bangladesh. After independence, the new state proclaimed a secular, multiparty democracy. However, it endured poverty, famine, political turmoil and numerous military coups. The restoration of democracy in 1991 has been followed by relative calm and economic progress, although the country's main political parties remain bitterly polarized.

CAPITAL :

DHAKA
The Taka (Bengali: , sign: or Tk, code: BDT) is

CURRENCY :

the currency of Bangladesh. Bangladesh Bank, the central bank of the country, controls the issuance of the currency, except one taka and two taka notes, which are the responsibility of the Ministry of Finance of the government of Bangladesh. The most commonly used symbol for the Taka is Tk and , used on receipts while purchasing goods and services. One taka is subdivided into 100 poisha.

10. UNITED KINGDOM

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland,[nb 7] commonly known as the United Kingdom (UK), Great Britain (GB), or simply Britain, is a sovereign state located off the north-western coast of continental Europe. The country includes the island of Great Britain, the north-eastern part of the island of Ireland, and many smaller islands. Northern Ireland is the only part of the UK that shares a land border with another statethe Republic of Ireland.[nb 8] Apart from this land border, the UK is surrounded by the Atlantic Ocean in the west and north, theNorth Sea in the east, the English Channel in the south, and the Irish Sea in the west. The UK's form of government is a constitutional monarchy[9][10] with a parliamentary system and its capital city is London. The current British monarchsince 6 February 1952is Queen Elizabeth II. It is one of the Commonwealth Realms. The United Kingdom consists of four countries:England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

CAPITAL :

LONDON
The pound sterling (symbol: ; ISO code: GBP), commonly known
[6]

CURRENCY :
[7]

simply as the pound, is the official currency of the United Kingdom, Jersey,Guernsey, the Isle of Man, South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands,
[8]

the British Antarctic

Territory and Tristan da Cunha. It is subdivided into 100 pence (singular: penny). A number of nations that do not use sterling also have currencies called the pound.

11. RUSSIA
Russia also officially known as the Russian Federation[10] (Russian: , tr. Rossiyskaya Federatsiya, IPA: [rsijskj fdrats j] is a country in northern Eurasia. [11] It is a federalsemi-presidential republic, comprising 83 federal subjects. From northwest to southeast, Russia shares land borders with Norway, Finland,Estonia, Latvia, Lithuania and Poland (both with Kaliningrad Oblast), Belarus, Ukraine, Georgia, Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, China, Mongolia, andNorth Korea. It shares maritime borders with Japan by the Sea of Okhotsk and the US state of Alaska across the Bering Strait. At 17,075,400 square kilometres (6,592,800 sq mi), Russia is the largest country in the world, covering more than one-eighth of the Earth's inhabited land area. Russia is also the world's ninth most populous nation with 143 million people as of 2012.[12] Extending across the entirety of northern Asia and much of Eastern Europe, Russia spans nine time zones and incorporates a wide range of environments and landforms.

CAPITAL :

MOSCOW
The ruble or rouble (Russian: rubl, plural rubli;

CURRENCY :

see note on English spelling and Russian plurals with numbers) (code: RUB) is the currency of the Russian Federation and the two partially recognized republics of Abkhazia and South Ossetia. Formerly, the ruble was also the currency of the Russian Empire and the Soviet Union before their dissolution. Belarus and Transnistria use currencies with the same name. The ruble is subdivided into 100 kopeks (sometimes transliterated kopecks, or copecks; Russian: , kopyka; plural: ,kopyki). The ISO 4217 code is RUB or 643; the former code, RUR or 810, refers to the Russian ruble before the 1998 redenomination(1 RUB = 1000 RUR).

12. JAPAN
Japan (Japanese: Nippon or Nihon; formally Nippon-koku or Nihon-koku, literally "[the] State of Japan") is anisland nation in East Asia. Located in the Pacific Ocean, it lies to the east of the Sea of Japan, China, North Korea, South Korea and Russia, stretching from the Sea of Okhotsk in the north to the East China Sea and Taiwan in the south. The characters that make up Japan's name mean "sunorigin", which is why Japan is sometimes referred to as the "Land of the Rising Sun". Japan is an archipelago of 6,852 islands. The four largest islands are Honshu, Hokkaido, Kyushu, and Shikoku, which together comprise about ninety-seven percent of Japan's land area. Japan has the world's tenth-largest population, with over 126 million people. Honsh's Greater Tokyo Area, which includes the de facto capital city of Tokyo and several surrounding prefectures, is the largest metropolitan area in the world, with over 30 million residents.

CAPITAL :

TOKYO
CURRENCY :
?

The Japanese yen ( or

en , sign: ; code: JPY) is the official currency of Japan. It is the third most traded currency in the foreign exchange market after the United States dollar and the euro. It is also widely used as a reserve currency after the U.S. dollar, the euro, and the pound sterling.
[1]

13. VIETNAM

Vietnam officially the Socialist Republic of Vietnam is the easternmost country on the Indochina Peninsula in Southeast Asia. With an estimated 90.3 million inhabitants as of 2012, it is the world's 13thmost-populous country, and the eighth-most-populous Asian country. The name Vietnam translates as "South Viet", and was officially adopted in 1945. The country is bordered by China to the north, Laos to the northwest,Cambodia to the southwest, and the South China Sea to the east.[8] Its capital city has been Hanoi since the reunification of North and South Vietnam in 1976. The Vietnamese became independent from Imperial China in 938 AD, following the Battle of Bch ng River. Successive Vietnamese royal dynasties flourished as the nation expanded geographically and politically into Southeast Asia, until the Indochina Peninsula was colonized by the French in the mid-19th century. Following a Japanese occupation in the 1940s, the Vietnamese fought French rule in the First Indochina War, eventually expelling the French in 1954.

CAPITAL :

HANOI
CURRENCY :
The ng (/ d/; Vietnamese: [m]) (sign: ; code: VND) has been the currency of Vietnam since May 3, 1978. Issued by the State Bank of Vietnam, it is represented by the symbol "". Formerly, it was subdivided into 10 ho, which was further subdivided into 10 xu, neither of which is now used.

14. MEXICO

Mexico , officially the United Mexican States (Spanish: Estados Unidos Mexicanos (helpinfo)), and also referred to as the United States of Mexico (Spanish: Estados Unidos de Mxico), [12][13][14] is a federal constitutional republic in North America. It is bordered on the north by the United States; on the south and west by the Pacific Ocean; on the southeast by Guatemala, Belize, and the Caribbean Sea; and on the east by the Gulf of Mexico. Covering almost two million square kilometres (over 760,000 sq mi),[11] Mexico is the fifth largest country in the Americas by total area and the 13th largest independent nation in the world. With an estimated population of over 113 million,[16] it is the eleventh most populous and the most populous Spanish-speaking country in the world and the second most populous country in Latin America. Mexico is a federation comprising thirty-one states and a Federal District, the capital city.

CAPITAL :

MEXICO CITY
The peso (sign: $; code: MXN) is the currency of Mexico.

CURRENCY :

Modern peso and dollar currencies have a common origin in the 15th19th centurySpanish dollar, most continuing to use its sign, "$". The Mexican peso is the 13th most traded currency in the world, the third most traded in the Americas, and the most traded currency in Latin America.

15. PHILIPPINESS
The Philippines , officially known as the Republic of the Philippines (Filipino: Repblika ng Pilipinas), is a sovereign island country in Southeast Asia in the western Pacific Ocean. To its north across the Luzon Strait lies Taiwan. West across the South China Sea sits Vietnam. The Sulu Sea to the southwest lies between the country and the island of Borneo, and to the south theCelebes Sea separates it from other islands of Indonesia. It is bounded on the east by the Philippine Sea. Its location on the Pacific Ring of Fire and its tropical climate make the Philippines prone to earthquakes and typhoons but have also endowed the country with natural resources and made it a megadiverse country. The Philippines is the 73rd largest independent nation, covering almost 300,000 square kilometers (115,831 sq mi) and an archipelago comprising 7,107 islands, and is categorized broadly into three main geographical divisions: Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao. Its capital city is Manila.

CAPITAL : CURRENCY :
[1]

MANILA
The peso (Filipino: piso; sign: ; code: PHP) is the currency of

the Philippines. It is subdivided into 100 centavos (Filipino: sntimo, Visayan:sentabo). Before 1967, the language used on the banknotes and coins was English, and so "peso" was the name used. When the language used was changed to Filipino, this changed to "piso". The peso is usually denoted by the symbol "". Other ways of writing the Philippine peso sign are "PHP", "PhP", "Php", and/or "P".

16. ETHIOPIA
Ethiopia, officially known as the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, is a country located in the Horn of Africa. It is bordered by Eritrea to the north, Djibouti and Somalia to the east, Sudan and South Sudan to the west, and Kenya to the south. With over 91,000,000 inhabitants, [9] Ethiopia is the most populous landlocked country in the world and the second-most populated nation on the African continent. It occupies a total area of 1,100,000 square kilometres (420,000 sq mi), and its capital and largest city isAddis Ababa. Ethiopia is one of the oldest locations of human life known to scientists [10] and is widely considered the region from which Homo sapiens first set out for the Middle East and points beyond.[11][12][13] Tracing its roots to the 2nd millennium BC, Ethiopia was a monarchy for most of its history. Alongside Rome, Persia, China and India,[14] the Kingdom of Aksum was one of the great world powers of the 3rd century. In the 4th century, it was the first major empire in the world to officially adopt Christianity as a state religion.

CAPITAL :

ADDIS ABABA
CURRENCY :
The birr is the unit of currency in Ethiopia. Before 1976, dollar was the official English translation of birr. Today, it is officially birrin English as well.In 1931, the Emperor of Ethiopia, Haile Selassie I, formally requested that the international community use the name Ethiopia (as it had already been known internally for at least 1600 years) instead of Abyssinia, and the issuing Bank of Abyssinia also became the Bank of Ethiopia. Thus, the pre-1931 currency could be considered the Abyssinian birr and the post-1931 currency the Ethiopian birr, although it was the same country and the same currency before and after.

17. EGYPT

Egypt , officially the Arab Republic of Egypt (Arabic: ) , is a transcontinental country spanning thenortheast corner of Africa and southwest corner of Asia via a land bridge formed by the Sinai Peninsula. Most of its territory of 1,010,000 square kilometers (390,000 sq mi) lies within North Africa and is bordered by the Mediterranean Sea to the north, the Gaza Strip and Israel to the northeast, the Gulf of Aqaba to the east, the Red Sea to the east and south, Sudan to the south and Libya to the west. Egypt is one of the most populous countries in Africa and the Middle East, and the 15th most populated in the world. The great majority of its over 84 million people [4] live near the banks of the Nile River, an area of about 40,000 square kilometers (15,000 sq mi), where the only arable land is found. The large regions of the Sahara Desert, which constitute most of Egypt's territory, are sparsely inhabited. About half of Egypt's residents live in urban areas, with most spread across the densely populated centres of greater Cairo, Alexandria and other major cities in the Nile Delta.

CAPITAL :

CAIRO
CURRENCY :
The Egyptian pound (Arabic: Genh Mari Egyptian Arabic pronunciation: [ene(h) msi] or in Alexandrian accent: Geni Mari [eni msi]) (sign: E or . ;code: EGP) is the currency of Egypt. It is divided into 100 piastres.

18. GERMANY
Germany officially the Federal Republic of Germany (German: Bundesrepublik Deutschland is a federal parliamentary republic in western-central Europe. The country consists of 16 states and its

capital and largest city is Berlin. Germany covers an area of 357,021 square kilometres (137,847 sq mi) and has a largely temperate seasonal climate. With 80.3 million inhabitants, it is the most populous member state in the European Union. Germany is the major economic and political power of the European continent and a historic leader in many theoretical and technical fields. Germany is the world's fourth-largest economy by nominal GDP and the fifth-largest by purchasing power parity. As a global leader in several industrial and technological sectors, it is the second-largest exporter and third-largest importer of goods. The country ranks highly in manyinternational metrics of performance, has developed a very high standard of living, and features a comprehensive social security system, which includes the world's oldest universal health care system. Known for its rich cultural and political history, Germany has been the home of many influential philosophers, music composers, scientists, and inventors.

CAPITAL :
CURRENCY :
Currency Area

BERLIN
The sole currency of Germany has been the Euro since 2002. Date created Date abolished

Euro

Federal Republic of Germany

1999

Deutsche Drums Deutsche Mark

1948 (West West Germany Germany) (unified 1990 (East Germany) Germany)

2002

East German mark

East Germany 1948

1990

Saar franc

Sarrland

1947

1959

19. TURKEY
Turkey (Turkish: Trkiye), officially the Republic of Turkey, is a contiguous transcontinental country, located mostly on Anatolia in Western Asia and on East Thrace in Southeastern Europe. Turkey is

bordered by eight countries: Bulgaria to the northwest; Greece to the west; Georgia to the northeast; Armenia, Iran and the Azerbaijani exclave of Nakhchivan to the east; and Iraq and Syriato the southeast. The Mediterranean Sea is to the south; the Aegean Sea is to the west; and the Black Sea is to the north. The Sea of Marmara, the Bosphorus and the Dardanelles (which together form the Turkish Straits) demarcate the boundary between Thrace and Anatolia; they also separate Europe and Asia. Turkey's location at the crossroads of Europe and Asia makes it a country of significant geostrategic importance. The area now called Turkey has been inhabited since the Paleolithic,[11] including various Ancient Anatolian civilizations and Thracianpeoples.After Alexander the Great's conquest, the area was Hellenized, which continued with the Roman rule and the transition into the Byzantine Empire.

CAPITAL :

ANKARA
CURRENCY :
The Turkish lira (Currency sign: (until 1 March 2012: TL); Turkish: Trk liras; ISO 4217: TRY) is the currency of Turkey and the Turkish Republic of Northern Cyprus (recognised only by Turkey). Hatay State also used Turkish lira before its annexation by Turkey. The Turkish lira is subdivided into 100 kuru.

20. IRAN
Iran also known as Persia (/pr/ or /pr/), officially the Islamic Republic of Iran since 1980, is a country in Western Asia. The country is bordered on the north by Armenia, Azerbaijan and Turkmenistan, withKazakhstan and Russia to the north across the Caspian Sea. Iran is bordered on the east by Afghanistan and Pakistan, on the south by thePersian Gulf and

the Gulf of Oman, on the west by Iraq and on the northwest by Turkey. The 18th-largest country in the world in terms of area at 1,648,195 km2 (636,372 sq mi), Iran is an ethnically diverse country and has a population of around 77 million.[12][15] It is a mountainous country of particular geopolitical significance owing to its location in three spheres of Asia. Tehran is the capital, the country's most populous city and the political, cultural, commercial and industrial center of the nation. Iran is a regional power,[16] [17] and holds an important position in international energy security and the world economy as a result of its large reserves of petroleum and natural gas. Iran has the largest proven natural gas reserves in the world,[18] and the fourth largest proven petroleum reserves.

CAPITAL :
CURRENCY :

TEHRAN
The rial (in Persian: ;ISO 4217 code IRR) is the currency of Iran and,

as of 2013, remains the world's least valued currency unit.The name derives from the Spanish real, which was for several centuries, the currency in Spain (derived from Latin regalis [regal]).Although the "toman" is no longer an official unit of Iranian currency, Iranians commonly express amounts of money and prices of goods in "tomans." For this purpose, one "toman" equals 10 rials. Despite this usage, amounts of money and prices of goods are virtually always written in rials. For example, the sign next to a loaf of bread in a store would state the price in rials, e.g., "10,000 Rials," even though the clerk, if asked, would say that the bread costs "1,000 tomans."

21. THAILAND
Thailand (/talnd/ TY-land or /talnd/ TY-lnd; Thai: , RTGS: Prathet Thai), officially the Kingdom of Thailand (Thai: , RTGS: Ratcha Anachak Thai; IPA: [rt.t ntk tj] , formerly known as Siam (Thai: ; RTGS: Sayam), is a country located at the centre of the Indochina peninsula in Southeast Asia. It is bordered to the north by Burma and Laos, to the east by Laos and Cambodia, to the south by the Gulf of Thailand and Malaysia, and to the west by the Andaman Sea and the southern extremity of Burma. Its maritime boundaries include Vietnam in the Gulf of Thailand to the southeast, and Indonesia and India in the Andaman Sea to the southwest.

The country is a constitutional monarchy, headed by King Rama IX, the ninth king of the House of Chakri, who, having reigned since 1946, is the world's longest-serving head of state and the longestreigning monarch in Thai history.[9] The king of Thailand is titled Head of State, Head of the Armed Forces, Adherent of Buddhism, and Upholder of religions.

CAPITAL :

BANGKOK
CURRENCY :
The baht (Thai: , sign: ; code: T HB) is the currency of Thailand. It is subdivided into 100 satang (). The issuance of currency is the responsibility of the Bank of Thailand.

22. FRANCE
France officially the French Republic(French: Rpublique franaise French pronunciation: [epyblik fs z]), is a unitary semi-presidential republic in Western Europe,[note 12] with severaloverseas regions and territories. Metropolitan France extends from the Mediterranean Sea to the English Channel and the North Sea, and from theRhine to the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of three countries (Morocco, Spain) to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. From its shape, it is often referred to in French as lHexagone ("The Hexagon"). It is a member of the European Union. France is the largest country in Western Europe and the third-largest in Europe as a whole. It possesses the second-largest exclusive economic zone in the world. France has been a major power with strong cultural, economic, military, and political influence in Europe and around the world.[7] France has its

main ideals expressed in the 18th-century Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen . In the 19th and early 20th centuries, France built the second-largest colonial empire of the time, ruling large portions of first North America and India and then Northwest andCentral Africa; Madagascar; Indochina and Kouang-Tchou-Wan; and many Caribbean and Pacific Islands.

CAPITAL : CURRENCY :

PARIS
The franc (sign: , commonly also FF or F) was

a currency of France. Along with the Spanish peseta, it was also a de facto currency used inAndorra (which had no national currency with legal tender). It circulated alongside the Monegasque franc, with which it had equal value. Between 1360 and 1641, it was the name of coins worth 1 livre tournois and it remained in common parlance as a term for this amount of money. It was re-introduced (in decimal form) in 1795 and remained the national currency until the introduction of the euro in 1999 (for accounting purposes) and 2002 (coins and banknotes). It was a commonly held international reserve currency in the 19th and 20th centuries.

23. ITALY
Italy officially the Republic of Italy (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic inSouthern Europe. To the north, Italy borders France, Switzerland, Austria, and Slovenia, and is approximately delimited by the Alpine watershed, enclosing the Po Valley and the Venetian Plain. To the south, it consists of the entirety of the Italian Peninsula and the two Mediterranean islandsof Sicily and Sardinia, in addition to many smaller islands. The sovereign states of San Marino and the Vatican City are enclaves within Italy, while Campione d'Italia is an Italian exclave in Switzerland. Italy covers an area of 301,338 km2 (116,347 sq mi) and has a largely temperate climate. With 59.7 million inhabitants, it is the fifth most populous country in Europe. Italy is also the fourth economic power of the European continent and third in the European Union and eighth of the world.

Italy's capital and largest city, Rome, has for centuries been the leading political and religious centre of Western civilisation, as the capital of theRoman Empire and of Christianity. In the Dark Ages, Italy suffered continual invasions by Germanic tribes, while the Roman heritage was preserved by Christian monks.

CAPITAL :

ROME
CURRENCY :
The lira (plural lire) was the currency of Italy between 1861 and 2002 and Albanian Kingdom between 1941 and 1943. Between 1999 and 2002, the Italian lira was officially a national subunit of the euro. However, cash payments could be made in lire only, as euro coins or notes were not yet available.The lira was also the currency of the Napoleonic Kingdom of Italy between 1807 and 1814.

24. BURMA
Burma officially the Republic of the Union of Myanmar, commonly shortened to Myanmar is a sovereign state in Southeast Asia bordered by China, Thailand, India, Laos and Bangladesh. One-third of Burma's total perimeter of 1,930 kilometres (1,200 miles) forms an uninterrupted coastline along the Bay of Bengal and the Andaman Sea. Its population of over 60 million makes it the world's 24th most populous country[1] and, at 676,578 square kilometres (261,227 sq mi), it is the world's 40th largest country and the second largest in Southeast Asia. Burma is home to some of the early civilizations of Southeast Asia including the Pyu and the Mon.[11] In the 9th century, the Burmans of theKingdom of Nanzhao entered the upper Irrawaddy valley and, following the establishment of the Pagan Empire in the 1050s, the Burmese language and culture slowly became dominant in the country. During this period, Theravada Buddhism gradually became the predominant religion of the country.

CAPITAL :

NAYPYIDAW
The kyat (Burmese: , pronounced: [ta]; ISO 4217 code MMK) is

CURRENCY :

the currency of Burma (Myanmar). It is often abbreviated as "K" (singular or plural) or "Ks" (plural), which is placed before or after the numerical value, depending on author preference.

25. KOREA
Korea Korean: Hanguk [hanuk] or Joseon [tosn] see etymology) is an East Asian territory that isdivided into two distinct sovereign states, North Korea and South Korea. Located on the Korean Peninsula, Korea is bordered by China to the northwest and Russia to the northeast. It is separated from Japan to the east by the Korea Strait and the Sea of Japan (East Sea), and it is separated from Taiwan to the south by the East China Sea. The adoption of the Chinese writing system ("Hanja" in Korean) in 2nd century BC and Buddhism in 4th century AD had profound effects on theThree Kingdoms of Korea, which was first united during the Silla Dynasty (57 BC AD 935) under the king Munmu of Silla. The united Silla dynasty fell to Goryeo Dynasty in 935 at the end of Later Three Kingdoms of Korea era. Goryeo was a highly cultured state and created the Jikji in the 14th century. The invasions by the Mongolians in the 13th century, however, greatly weakened the nation, which was forced to become a tributary state. After the Mongol Empire's collapse, severe political strife followed and Goryeo was replaced by the Joseon Dynasty in 1388.

CAPITAL :

SEOUL
CURRENCY :
The won () (sign: ; code: KRW) is the currency of South Korea. A single won is divided into 100 jeon, the monetary subunit. The jeon is no longer used for everyday transactions, and appears only in foreign exchange rates.

26. PERU
Peru officially the Republic of Peru (Spanish: Repblica del Per, pronounced: [repulika el peu] , is a country in western South America. It is bordered in the north by Ecuador and Colombia, in the east by Brazil, in the southeast by Bolivia, in the south by Chile, and in the west by the Pacific Ocean. Peruvian territory was home to ancient cultures spanning from the Norte Chico civilization, one of the oldest in the world, to the Inca Empire, the largest state in Pre-Columbian America. The Spanish Empire conquered the region in the 16th century and established a Viceroyalty, which included most of its South American colonies. After achieving independence in 1821, Peru has undergone periods of political unrest and fiscal crisisas well as periods of stability and economic upswing.

CAPITAL :

LIMA
CURRENCY :
The Nuevo Sol (Spanish pronunciation: [nweo sol], (new sun) plural: Nuevos Soles; currency sign: S/.) is the currency of Peru. It is subdivided into 100 cents, called cntimos in Spanish. The ISO 4217 currency code is PEN. It is most commonly referred to just as Sol

27. AFGHANISHAN
Afghanistan, officially the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, is a landlocked sovereign state forming part of South Asia, Central Asia, and to some extent Western Asia. It has a population of around 30 million inhabiting an area of approximately 647,500 km 2 (250,001 sq mi), making it the 42nd most populous and 41st largest nation in the world. It is bordered by Pakistan in the south and the east, Iran in the west, Turkmenistan, Uzbekistan, and Tajikistan in the north, and China in the far northeast. Afghanistan has been an ancient focal point of the Silk Road and human migration. Archaeologists have found evidence of human habitation from as far back as the Middle Paleolithic. Urban civilization may have begun in the area as early as 3,000 to 2,000 BC. [10] Sitting at an importantgeostrategic location that connects the Middle East culture with Central Asia and the Indian subcontinent,[11] the land has been home to various peoples through the ages[12] and witnessed many military campaigns, notably by Alexander the Great, Genghis Khan, and in modern era Western forces.[10] The land also served as a source from which the GrecoBactrians, Kushans, Hephthalites, Saffarids, Ghaznavids, Ghorids, Mughals,Durranis, and others have

risen to form major empires.

CAPITAL: CURRENCY :

KABUL
The Afghani (sign: Afs;
[1]

the currency of Afghanistan. It is nominally subdivided into 100 pul (), although there are no pul coins in circulation.

Pashto: ;Persian ;code: AFN) is

28. VENEZUELA
Venezuela, officially called the Bolivarian Republic of Venezuela (Spanish: Repblica Bolivariana de Venezuela [repu.lika oliajana e eneswela]), is a country on the northern coast of South America. Venezuela's territory covers around 916,445 square kilometres (353,841 sq mi) with an estimated population of approximately 29,100,000. Venezuela is considered a state with extremely high biodiversity, with habitats ranging from the Andes mountains in the west to the Amazon Basin rainforest in the south, via extensive llanos plains and Caribbean coast in the center and the Orinoco River Delta in the east. Venezuela was colonized by Spain in 1522 despite resistance from indigenous peoples. It became one of the first Spanish American colonies to declare independence (in 1811), but did not securely establish independence until 1821 (as a department of the federal republic of Gran Colombia, gaining full independence in 1830). During the 19th century Venezuela suffered political turmoil and dictatorship, and it was dominated by regional caudillos (military strongmen) well into the 20th century. The country has

had democratic governments since 1958; before that, like most countries of Latin America, it suffered some coups and military dictatorships.

CAPITAL :

CARACAS
CURRENCY :
[5]

The bolvar fuerte (sign: Bs.F. or Bs.; plural: bolvares fuertes; ISO

4217 code: VEF) is the currency of Venezuela since 1 January 2008. It is subdivided into 100 cntimos and replaced the bolvar (sign: Bs.; plural: bolvares; ISO 4217 code: VEB) at the rate of Bs.F. 1 = Bs. 1,000 because of inflation.

29. NEPAL
Nepal officially the Democratic Republic of Nepal is a landlocked sovereign statelocated in South Asia. With an area of 147,181 square kilometres (56,827 sq mi) and a population of approximately 27 million (and nearly 2 million absentee workers living abroad),[3] Nepal is the world's 93rd largest country by land mass[10] and the 41st most populous country. It is located in the Himalayas and bordered to the north by the People's Republic of China, and to the south, east, and west by the Republic of India. Specifically, the Indian states of Uttarakhand, Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, and Sikkim border Nepal, while across the Himalayas lies the Tibetan Autonomous Region. Nepal is separated from Bangladesh by the narrow Indian Siliguri corridor. Kathmandu is the nation's capital and largest metropolis. The mountainous north of Nepal has eight of the world's ten tallest mountains, including the highest point on Earth, Mount Everest, calledSagarmatha () in Nepali. It contains more than 240 peaks over 20,000 ft (6,096 m) above sea level.

CAPITAL :

KATHMANDU
CURRENCY :
The rupee (Nepali: ) is the official currency of Nepal. The present rupee has the ISO 4217 code NPR and is normally abbreviated with the sign. It is subdivided into 100 paisa. The issuance of the currency is controlled by the Nepal Rastra Bank. The most commonly used symbol for the Rupee is Rs or .

30. MOZAMBIQUE
Mozambique, officially the Republic of Mozambique (Portuguese: Moambique or Repblica de Moambique, pronounced: [publik di mus biki]), is a country in Southeast Africa bordered by the Indian Ocean to the east, Tanzania to the north, Malawi and Zambia to the northwest,Zimbabwe to the west and Swaziland and South Africa to the southwest. The capital and largest city is Maputo (previously called Loureno Marques before independence). Between the 1st and 5th centuries CE, Bantu-speaking peoples migrated from farther north and west. Swahili, and later also Arab, commercial ports existed along the coasts until the arrival of Europeans. The area was explored by Vasco da Gama in 1498 and colonized by Portugal from 1505. After over four centuries of Portuguese rule, Mozambique gained independence in 1975, becoming the People's Republic of Mozambiqueshortly thereafter. After only two years of independence, the country descended into an intense and protracted civil war lasting from 1977 to 1992. In 1994, Mozambique held its first multiparty elections and has remained a relatively stable presidential republic since.

CAPITAL :

MAPUTO
CURRENCY :
The metical (plural: meticais) is the currency of Mozambique, abbreviated with the symbol MZN or MTn. It is nominally divided into 100 centavos.

31. YEMEN
Yemen officially known as the Yemeni Republic (Arabic: al-Jumhriyyah al-Yamaniyyah), is an Arab country located in Western Asia, occupying the southwestern to southern end of the Arabian Peninsula. It is bordered by Saudi Arabia to the north, the Red Sea to the west, the Gulf of Aden and Arabian Sea to the south, and Oman to the east. Yemen is one of the oldest centers of civilization in the Near East.[5] Its capital and largest city is Sana'a. Yemen's territory includes more than 200 islands, the largest of which is Socotra, about 354 km (220 mi) to the south of mainland Yemen. It is the only state in the Arabian Peninsula to have a purely republican form of government.[6] Yemen was the first country in the Arabian peninsula to grant women the right to vote.[7] Yemeni unification took place on 22 May 1990, when North Yemen was united with South Yemen, forming the Republic of Yemen.

CAPITAL :

SANA'a
CURRENCY :
The rial or riyal is the currency of Yemen. It is technically divided into 100 fils, although coins denominated in fils have not been issued sinceYemeni unification

32. UZBEKISTAN
Uzbekistan (U.S. pronunciation: U.K. pronunciation: officially the Republic of Uzbekistan (Uzbek:Ozbekiston Respublikasi, ) is a landlocked country in Central Asia. Before 1991, it was part of the Soviet Union. Once part of the Persian Samanid and later Timurid empires, the region which today includes the Republic of Uzbekistan was conquered in the early 16th century by nomads who spoke an Eastern Turkic language. This region was subsequently incorporated into the Russian Empire in the 19th century, and in 1924 it became a boundaried constituent republic of the Soviet Union, known as the Uzbek Soviet Socialist Republic (Uzbek SSR). It subsequently became the independent Republic of Uzbekistan on 31 August 1991 (officially, from the following day). Most of Uzbekistans population today belong to the Uzbek ethnic group and speak the Uzbek language, one of the family of Turkic languages.

CAPITAL :

TASHKENT
CURRENCY :
The som (Uzbek: som in Lati n script, in Cyrillic script) is the currency of Uzbekistan in Central Asia. The ISO 4217 currency code is UZS.

33. SOUTH AFRICA

South Africa, officially the Republic of South Africa, is a country located at the southern tip of Africa. It has 2,798 kilometres (1,739 mi) of coastline that stretches along the South Atlantic and Indian oceans. To the north lie the neighbouring countries of Namibia, Botswana andZimbabwe; to the east are Mozambique and Swaziland; within it lies Lesotho, an enclave surrounded by South African territory.[10] South Africa is the 25th-largest country in the world by land area, and with close to 53 million people, is the world's 24th-most populous nation. South Africa is a multiethnic society encompassing a wide variety of cultures, languages, and religions. Its pluralistic makeup is reflected in theconstitution's recognition of 11 official languages, which is among the highest number of any country in the world.[9] Two of these languages are of European origin: English and Afrikaans, the latter originating from Dutch and

serving as the main language of most white and coloured South Africans. Though English is commonly used in public and commercial life, it is only the fifth most-spoken home language.

CAPITAL :

Pretoria , Cape Town , Bloemfontein.

CURRENCY :
The rand (sign: R; code: ZAR) is the currency of South Africa. The rand has the symbol "R" and is subdivided into 100 cents, symbol "c". The ISO 4217 code is ZAR, from Dutch ZuidAfrikaanse rand. (South African rand). Before 1984, the Dutch language was one of the official languages of South Africa. The rand is the currency of the Common Monetary Area between South Africa, Swaziland and Lesotho. Although Namibia withdrew from theCommon Monetary Area, the rand is still legal tender there.

34. SPAIN
Spain officially the Kingdom of Spain (Spanish: Reino de Espaa), is a sovereign stateand a member state of the European Union. It is located on the Iberian Peninsula in southwestern Europe. Its mainland is bordered to the south and east by the Mediterranean Sea except for a small land boundary with Gibraltar; to the north and north east by France, Andorra, and the Bay of Biscay; and to the west and northwest by Portugal and the Atlantic Ocean. It is one of three countries (Morocco, France) to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines. Spain's 1,214 km (754 mi) border with Portugal is the longest uninterrupted border within the European Union.

Spanish territory also includes the Balearic Islands in the Mediterranean, the Canary Islands in the Atlantic Ocean off the African coast, and twoautonomous cities in North Africa, Ceuta and Melilla, that border Morocco, plus Alborn, Chafarinas Islands, Alhucemas, Vlez de la Gomera and other small islets including Perejil. Furthermore, the town of Llvia is a Spanish exclave situated inside French territory. With an area of 505,992 km2 (195,365 sq mi), Spain is the second largest country in Western Europe and the European Union and the fifth largest country in Europe.

CAPITAL :

MADRID
CURRENCY :
The peseta (/p set/; Spanish: [peseta]; Galician: [pe seta]; Catalan: pesseta, IPA: [p st] or [pe seta]; Basque: pezeta, IPA: [peseta],Asturian: [peseta]) was the currency of Spain between 1869 and 2002. Along with the French franc, it was also a de facto currency used inAndorra.

35. TANZANIA
Tanzania officially the United Republic of Tanzania (Swahili: Jamhuri ya Muungano wa Tanzania), is a country in East Africa. It is bordered by Kenya and Uganda to the north; Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of the Congo to the west; and Zambia, Malawi, andMozambique to the south. The country's eastern border is formed by the Indian Ocean. Kilimanjaro, Africa's highest mountain, is in northeastern Tanzania.The country is divided into 30 administrative regions: five on the semi-autonomous islands of Zanzibar and 25 on the mainland in the formerTanganyika. The head of state is President Jakaya Mrisho Kikwete, elected in 2005. Since 1996, the official capital of Tanzania has been Dodoma, where the National Assembly and some government offices are located. Between independence and 1996, the main coastal city of Dar es Salaamserved as the country's political capital. It remains Tanzania's principal commercial city and is the main location of most government institutions.It is also the principal port of the country.

CAPITAL : CURRENCY :

DODOMA

The shilingi (Swahili; English: shilling) is the currency of Tanzania, although widespread use of U.S. dollars is accepted. It is subdivided into 100 senti (cents in English). The Tanzanian shilling replaced the East African shilling on 14 June 1966 at par.

36. COLOMBIA
Colombia , officially the Republic of Colombia (Spanish: Repblica de Colombia [repulika e kolombja]), is a unitary, constitutional republic comprising thirty-two departments. It is located in northwestern South America, bordered to the northwest by Panama; to the north by the Caribbean Sea; to the east by Venezuela[8] and Brazil; to the south by Ecuador andPeru; and to the west by the Pacific Ocean. The territory of what is now Colombia was originally inhabited by indigenous peoples including the Muisca, Quimbaya, and Tairona. The Spanish arrived in 1499 and initiated a period of conquest and colonization ultimately creating the Viceroyalty of New Granada, with its capital at Bogot.[11]Independence from Spain was won in 1819, but by 1830 "Gran Colombia" had collapsed with the secession of Venezuela and Ecuador. What is now Colombia and Panama emerged as the Republic of New Granada. The new nation experimented with federalism as the Granadine Confederation(1858), and then the United States of Colombia (1863), before the Republic of Colombia was finally declared in 1886.[12] Panama seceded in 1903.

CAPITAL :

Bogot

CURRENCY :

The peso is the currency of Colombia. Its ISO 4217 code is COP and it is also informally abbreviated as COL$. However, the official peso symbol is $. As of 4 June 2013, the exchange rate of the Colombian peso is 1,900.45 Colombian pesos to 1 U.S. dollar.

37. IRAQ
Iraq officially the Republic of Iraq (Arabic: ( helpinfo) Jumhriyyat al-Irq;Kurdish: ) , is a country in Western Asia encompassing the Mesopotamian alluvial plain, the northwestern end of the Zagros mountain range, and the eastern part of the Syrian Desert.Iraq borders Turkey to the north, Iran to the east, Kuwait to the southeast, Saudi Arabia to the south, Jordan to the southwest, and Syria to the west. Iraq has a narrow section of coastline measuring 58 km (36 mi) on the northern Persian Gulf. The capital city, Baghdad is in the center-east of the country. Two major rivers, the Tigris and Euphrates, run through the center of Iraq, flowing from northwest to southeast. These provide Iraq with agriculturally capable land and contrast with the steppe and desert landscape that covers most of Western Asia.

CAPITAL :

BAGHDAD
CURRENCY :
The dinar (Arabic pronunciation: [dinr]) (Arabic: , Kurdish: ( )sign: . ;code: IQD) is the currency of Iraq. It is issued by the Central Bank of Iraq and is subdivided into 1,000 fils (), although inflation has rendered the fils obsolete

38. MALAYSIA
Malaysia is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It consists ofthirteen states and three federal territories and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi) separated by the South China Sea into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysian Borneo. Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indonesia, and Brunei, and maritime borders exist with Singapore, Vietnam, and the Philippines. The capital city is Kuala Lumpur, while Putrajaya is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population was 28.33 million, with 22.6 million living on the Peninsula.Malaysia has its origins in the Malay Kingdoms present in the area which, from the 18th century, became subject to the British Empire.

CAPITAL :

KUALA LUMPUR
CURRENCY :
The Malaysian ringgit (plural: ringgit; currency code MYR; formerly the Malaysian dollar) is the currency of Malaysia. It is divided into 100 sen(cents). The ringgit is issued by the Bank Negara Malaysia.

39. UGANDA
Uganda, officially the Republic of Uganda, is a landlocked country in East Africa. Uganda is bordered on the east by Kenya, on the north by South Sudan, on the west by the Democratic Republic of the Congo, on the southwest byRwanda, and on the south by Tanzania. The

southern part of the country includes a substantial portion of Lake Victoria, shared with Kenya and Tanzania. Uganda lies within the Nile basin, and has a varied but generally equatorial climate.Uganda takes its name from the Buganda kingdom, which encompasses a large portion of the south of the country including the capital Kampala. The people of Uganda were huntergatherers until 1,700 to 2,300 years ago, when Bantu-speaking populations migrated to the southern parts of the country.

CAPITAL :

KAMPALA
CURRENCY :
The shilling (sign: USh; code: UGX) is the currency of Uganda. Officially divided into cents until 2013, the shilling now has no subdivision.

40. KENYA
Kenya officially the Republic of Kenya, is a sovereign state in East Africa. Its capital and largest city is Nairobi. Kenya lies on the equator with the Indian Ocean to the southeast, Tanzania to the south, Uganda to the west, South Sudan to the north-west, Ethiopia to the north and Somalia to the north-east. Kenya covers 581,309 km2 (224,445 sq mi) and has a population of about 44 million in July 2012. The country is named after Mount Kenya,

the second highest mountain in Africa.Mount Kenya was originally referred to as "Mt. Kirinyaga" by the indigenous people. "Kirinyaga or Kerenyaga, meaning mountain of whiteness because of its snow capped peak"; The name was subsequently changed to Mt. Kenya because of the inability of the British to pronounce "Kirinyaga" correctly.

CAPITAL :

NAIROBI
CURRENCY :
The shilling (sign: KSh; code: K ES) is the currency of Kenya. It is divisible into 100 cents.

41. UKRAINE
Ukraine [ukrjin]) is a country in Eastern Europe. Ukraine bordersthe Russian Federation to the east and northeast, Belarus to the northwest, Poland, Slovakia and Hungary to the west, Romania and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and Sea of Azov to the south and southeast, respectively. It has an area of 603,628 km2 (233,062 sq mi), making it the largest country entirely within Europe. According to a popular and well established theory, the medieval state of Kievan Rus was established by the Varangians in the 9th century as the first historically

recorded East Slavic state. It emerged as a powerful nation in the Middle Ages but disintegrated in the 12th century.

CAPITAL :

KIEV
CURRENCY :
The hryvnia, sometimes hryvnya or grivna (Ukrainian: , pronounced [ru], abbr.: (hrn in Latin alphabet)); sign: , code: (UAH), has been the national currency of Ukraine since September 2, 1996. The hryvnia is subdivided into 100 kopiyok. In medieval times, it was the currency of Kievan Rus'.

42. ARGENTINA
Argentina officially the Argentine Republic (Spanish: Repblica Argentina [repulika axen tina]), is a federal republiclocated in southeastern South America. Covering most of the Southern Cone, it is bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the Atlantic Ocean to the east, Chile to the west and the waters of

the Drake Passage to the south.With a mainland area of 2,780,400 km2 (1,073,500 s q mi), Argentina is the eighth-largest country in the world, the second largest in Latin Americaand the largest among Spanish-speaking nations. Argentina claims sovereignty over part of Antarctica, the Falkland Islands (Spanish: Islas Malvinas), South Georgia and the South Sandwich Islands.

CAPITAL :

BUENOS AIRES

CURRENCY :

The peso (originally established as the peso convertible) is the currency of Argentina, identified by the symbol $ preceding the amount in the same way as many countries using dollar currencies. It is subdivided into 100 centavos. Its ISO 4217 code is ARS. Several earlier currencies of Argentina were also called "peso"; as inflation progressed a new currency with a few zeroes dropped and a different qualifier (peso national currency, peso law 18188, peso argentino...) was introduced. Since 1969 thirteen zeroes have been dropped (a factor of ten trillion)

43. POLAND
Poland, officially the Republic of Poland (Polish: Rzeczpospolita Polska; Kashubian: Plsk Repblika), is a country in Central Europe, bordered by Germany to the west; the Czech Republic and Slovakia to the south; Ukraine, Belarus to the east; and theBaltic Sea and Kaliningrad Oblast (a Russian exclave) and Lithuania to the north. The total area of Poland is 312,679 square kilometres (120,726 sq mi),[7] making it the 69th largest country in the world and the 9th largest in Europe. With a population of over 38.5 million people,[7]Poland is the 34th most populous country in the world,[9] the sixth most populous member of the European Union, and its most populous post-communist member. Poland is a unitary state made up of 16 voivodeships.

CAPITAL :

WARSAW

CURRENCY :

The zoty (pronounced [zwt] sign: z; code: PLN), which literally means "golden", is the currency of Poland. The modern zoty is subdivided into 100 groszy (singular: grosz, alternative plural forms: grosze; groszy). The recognized English form of the word is zloty, plural zloty or zlotys. The currency sign z, is composed of Polish small letters z and .

44. ALGERIA
Algeria officially The People's Democratic Republic of Algeria, is a country in North Africa on the Mediterranean coast. Its capital and most populous city is Algiers. Algeria is a semi-presidential republic, it consists of 48 provinces and 1541 communes. With a population exceeding 37 million,[12] it is the 34th most populated country on Earth. With an economy based on oil resources, manufacturing has suffered from what is called Dutch disease.[13] Sonatrach, the national oil company, is the largest company in Africa. Algeria has the second largest army with the largest defense budget in Africa.[14] Algeria had a peaceful Nuclear Program by the 1990s.

CAPITAL :

ALGIERS

CURRENCY :

The dinar (Arabic: ( )sign: . or DA; code: DZD) is the currency of Algeria and it is subdivided into 100 santeem ().

45. MOROCCO
Morocco officially the Kingdom of Morocco, is the most westerly of the North African countries. It is one of three countries (Spain, France) to have both Atlantic and Mediterranean coastlines, and it also has a rugged mountain interior. The Arabic name al-Mamlakah al-Maribiyah (Arabic: ) , which translates to "The Western Kingdom", and Al-Maghrib (Arabic: ), or Maghreb, meaning "The West", are commonly used as alternate names.Morocco has a population of over 35 million and an area of 446,550 km2 (172,410 sq mi). The political capital is Rabat, although the largest city isCasablanca; other major cities include Marrakech, Tangier, Tetouan, Sal, Fes, Agadir, Meknes, Oujda, Kenitra, and Nador. Morocco has a history of independence not shared by its neighbours. Its rich culture is a blend of Arab, Berber (indigenous African) and also other African and European influences.

CAPITAL : CURRENCY :

RABAT

The dirham (Arabic: , plural: )is the currency of Morocco. The plural form is pronounced darahim, although in French and English "dirhams" is commonly used. Its ISO 4217 code is "MAD". It is subdivided into 100 santimat (singular: santim, Arabic singular: , plural: or ). The dirham is issued by the Bank Al-Maghrib, the central bank of Morocco. While the dirham is a fully convertible currency, export of the local currency is prohibited by law, but seldom controlled.

46. CANADA
Canada is a country in North America consisting of 10 provinces and 3 territories. Located in the northern part of the continent, it extends from the Atlantic to the Pacific and northward into the Arctic Ocean. At 9.98 million square kilometers in total, Canada is the world's secondlargest country by total area, and its common border with the United States is the world's longest land border shared by the same two countries.The land that is now Canada has been inhabited for millennia by various Aboriginal peoples. Beginning in the late 15th century, British and French colonial expeditions explored, and later settled, the region's Atlantic coast. France ceded nearly all of its colonies in North America to the United Kingdom in 1763 after the French and Indian War, which was essentially the North American theatre of the Seven Years' War. The population grew steadily in subsequent decades, the territory was explored and additional self-governing Crown Colonies were established. On July 1, 1867, three colonies federated, forming a federal dominion which established Canada. This began an expansion of the Canadian territory.

CAPITAL :

OTTAWA
CURRENCY :
The Canadian dollar (sign: $; code: CAD) is the currency of Canada. As of 2011, the Canadian dollar is the 7th most traded currency in the world, accounting for 5.3% of the world's daily share.
[2]

It is abbreviated with the dollar sign $, or C$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies. into 100 cents.
[3]

It is divided

47. SUDAN
Sudan officially the Republic of the Sudan[9] (Arabic : Jumhryat as-Sdn) and sometimes called North Sudan,[10][11] is an African/Arab state in North Africa and Middle East bordered by Egypt to the north, the Red Sea to the northeast, Eritrea and Ethiopia to the east, South Sudan to the south, the Central African Republic to the southwest, Chad to the west and Libya to the northwest. Internally, the Nile divides the country into eastern and western halves.[12] The overwhelming majority of the population today adhere to Islam. The people of Sudan have a long history extending from antiquity that is intertwined with the history of Egypt. Sudan suffered seventeen years of civil war during the First Sudanese Civil War (19551972) followed by the Second Sudanese Civil War between central government of Northern Sudan and the SPLA/M of Southern Sudan.

CAPITAL :

KHARTOUM

CURRENCY :

The Sudanese pound (Arabic: junaih) is the currency of Sudan and also used in South Sudan until finalization of the introduction of the South Sudanese pound. Both Arabic and English names for the denominations appear on the country's banknotes and co.

48. SAUDI ARABIA

Saudi Arabia officially known as theKingdom of Saudi Arabia (Arabic: alMamlakah al-Arabiyyah as-Sudiyyah, Arabic pronunciation (helpinfo)), is the largest Arab state in Western Asia by land area (approximately 2,150,000 km2 (830,000 sq mi), constituting the bulk of the Arabian Peninsula) and the second-largest in the Arab world (after Algeria). It is bordered by Jordan and Iraq to the north, Kuwait to the northeast, Qatar, Bahrainand the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, Yemen in the south, the Red Sea to the west and Persian Gulf to the east. Its population is estimated to consist of 16 million citizens and an additional 9 million registered foreign expatriates and 2 million illegal immigrants.

CAPITAL :

RIYADH
CURRENCY :
The Saudi riyal (Arabic: Riyl, I SO 4217 code: SAR) is the currency of Saudi Arabia. It is abbreviated as . or SR (Saudi Riyal). It is subdivided into 100 Halalas (Arabic: Halalah). The Saudi Qirsh is 5 Halalas.

49. GHANA
Ghana officially the Republic of Ghana (Akan: Kwasafoman ma Gaana), is a sovereign nationstate and unitary presidentialconstitutional republic located on the Gulf of Guinea and Atlantic Ocean in West Africa. Ghana consists of ten territorial administrative regionswith several islands and it is bordered by the Ivory Coast to the west, Burkina Faso to the north, Togo to the east and the Gulf of Guinea andAtlantic Ocean to the south. The word Ghana means "Warrior King".Ghana has the same land mass as the United Kingdom with the northern half of Ghana containing savannas and wildlife and the southern half of Ghana containing great industrial mineral and fossil fuel wealth, principally gold, petroleum and natural gas.

CAPITAL :

ACCRA
CURRENCY :
The Ghana cedi
[1] [2]

(currency

sign: GH; currency code: GHS) is the unit of currency of Ghana. The word cedi is derived from the Akan word forcowry shell (cowry shells were once used in Ghana as a form of currency). The new Ghana cedi was introduced on 1 July 2007 at a rate equal to 10,000 old cedis. It was the highestvalued currency unit issued by sovereign countries in Africa in 2007.

50. ZIMBABWE
Zimbabwe officially the Republic of Zimbabwe, is a landlocked country located in southern Africa, between the Zambezi andLimpopo rivers. It is bordered by South Africa to the south, Botswana to the southwest, Zambia to the northwest and Mozambique to the east. The capital is Harare. Zimbabwe achieved de jure sovereignty from the United Kingdom in April 1980, following 14 years as an unrecognised state under the conservative white minority government of Rhodesia, which unilaterally declared independence in 1965.

CAPITAL :

HARARE
CURRENCY :
The Zimbabwean dollar (sign: $, or Z$ to distinguish it from other dollar-denominated currencies) was the official currency of Zimbabwe from 1980 to 12 April 2009, with three periods of inflation.