HORMONES AND GLANDS

Hypothalamus Releasing and inhibiting hormones Corticotropin-releasing hormone(CRH) Thyrotropin-releasing hormone(TRH) Growth hormone-releasing hormone(GHRH) Gonadotropin-releasing hormone(GnRH) Growth hormone Controls the release of pituitary hormone

Anterior pituitary

Adrenocorticotropin hormone(ACTH) Thyroid stimulating hormone(TSH) Follicle-stimulating hormone(FSH) Luteinizing hormone(LH)

Stimulates growth of bone and muscle, promotes protein synthesis and fat metabolism, decreases carbohydrate metabolism Stimulates synthesis and secretion af adrenal cartical hormone Stimulates synthesis and secretion of thyroid hormone Female: stimulates frowth of ovarian follicle, ovulation Male: stimulates sperm production Female: stimulates development of corpus luteum, release of oocyte, prod. Of estrogen and progesterone Male: stimulates secretion of testosterone, devt of interstitial tissue of testes Inc water reabsorption by kidney Stimulates contraction of pregnant uterus, milk ejection from breast after chilbirth Inc Na absorption, K loss by the kidney Affects metabolism of all nutrients; regulates blood glucose levels affect growth, has inflammatory action, and decreases effects of stress Have minimal intrinsic androgenic activity; they are converted to testosterone and dihydrotestosterone in the periphery Serve as nuerotransmitters for thesympathetic nervous system Inc. the metabolic rate; inc protein and bone turnover; inc responsiveness to catecholamines; necessary for fetal and infant growth and devt. Lowers blood calcium and phosphate levels Regulates serum calcium Lowers blood glucose by facilitating glucose transport acroos cell membrane of muscle, liver and adipose tissue Inc blood glucose conc by stimulation of glycogenolysisand glyconeogenesis Delays intestinal absorption of glucose Stimulates release of HCL acid in stomach Stimulates reelease of pancreatic secretions Stimulates release of pancreatic enzymes, gallbladder contraction Stimulates Ca absorption from the intestine Activates renin-angiostenin-aldosterone system Inc RBC prod. Produces natriuresis Affects development of female sex organs and secondary sex char. Influences menstrual cycle, stimulates growth of uterine wall; maintain pregnancy Inhibits FSH secretion by anterior pituitary Affects development of male sex organs and secondary sex char., aid in sperm production Inhibits FSH secretion by anterior pituitary Maintains preganacy Dec appetite and food intake, inc sympathetic activity and metabolic rate, dec insulin secretion to reduse fat storage Suppresses insulins ability to stimulate glucose uptake by adipose cells

Posterior pituitary

Antidiuretic hormone(ADH) Oxytocin

Adrenal cortex

Mineralocorticoids, mainly aldosterone Glucocorticoids, mainly cortisol

Adrenal medulla Thyroid(follicular cells)

Adrenal androgens, mainly dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) and andostenedione Epinephrine Norepinephrine Thyroid hormones: triiodothyronine(T3), thyroxine(T4) Calcitonin Parathyroid hormone Insulin Glucagon Somatostatin

Thyroid C cells Parathyroid glands Pancreatic islets

Gastrointestinal tract

Gastrin Cholecystokinin Secretin

Kidney

1,25-dihydroxyvitamin d Renin Erythropioetin

Heart Ovaries

Atrial natiuretic peptide(ANP) Estrogen Progesterone Inhibin

Testes

Androgens, mainly testosterone Inhibin

Placenta Adipose cells

Human chorionic gonadotropin Leptin Resistin