Muhammad Moazzam Shahzad University: National University of Computer

And Emerging sciences (NU-FAST)

Internship duration: 6 weeks (24-06-13 to 5-08-13)

Firstly I attended OFS. In this department, initially notes were provided to us, so that we can understand basics of OFS and also told us the advantages of usage of optical fiber over different mediums. Large Bandwidth more Data Small Physical Size Light Weight Electrical Isolation / Non Conductor Immunity to Interference Immunity to Cross Talk Signal Security Low Transmission Loss Flexibility Low Cost /bit(Installation , Maintenance and Bandwidth) High-Quality Transmission Environmental Stability-

And disadvantages of optical fiber.

 Expensive to install Dangerous for eyes More fragile than wire and are difficult to split

Optical Fiber System consists of: PDH( Plesiochronous Digital Hierarchy) SDH(Synchronous Digital Hierarchy) DWDM(Dense Wave Division Multiplexing)

These notes basically contains Synchronous Digital Hierarchy information, why PDH replaced by SDH, SDH frame structure, overheads, pointers, SDH Multiplexing. These notes also contain advantages, disadvantages and limitations of SDH and PDH. In this department we were also told that how data is transmitted through optical fiber. They also shows us different connectors. and explain that why they are used. They also told us the importance of refractive index in optical fiber and how this is controlled . Here we also came to know about network elements Terminal Multiplexer(TM) Add/Drop Multiplexer(ADM) Optical Amplifiers(OA) Digital Cross Connect(DXC) Regenerators

And Types of network Point-to-Point Network Point-to-Multi Point Network Ring Network Mesh Network Composite Network

SDH Frame Structure

Advantages of DWDM Node. OSN 3500 Intelligent Features Service level agreement(SLA) Topology automatic discovery function Auto maticend-to-end service configuration Support mesh networking and protection Traffic engineering Supports RPR Transparent transmission Long haul transmission High capacity Use existing optical fibers High performance-to-cost ratio Reliability Easy up-gradation

At last in this department , They told us about OSN . OSN stands for Optical Switch

In this department AM ENGR. Yasir taught us about transmission department that what is this department for. Here firstly we were told about SDH frames(STM-1.). why TDM system is replaced by STMs .

One voice channel has bandwidth of 64 kb/s, one E1 consists of 32 channels in which 30 are voice channels and 63 E1s make one STM-1 frame.

Here we also come to know that in a city calls are made by local exchange , in different cities by transient exchange while in between different countries by gateway exchange.

Different networking topologies .

Combining E1s to make SDH frames.

Suitable transmission Medium

Copper Wires Optical Fibers Digital Radio Links

 Satellite links

In this department we come to know that whats the purpose of this department and how it works. The switching network can switch connections for various types of service (for example telephony, facsimile, teletext, data transmission). This means that switching network is also ready for the Integrated Services Digital Network (ISDN). Functions OF Switching Network: Duplicated (full redundancy) Highly-Integrated switching network modules One space stage module can handle up to 1024 simultaneous calls with full redundancy

 Interfaces of 8,192 Kb/s available within Highly compact design from space-saving point of view An exchange of 10,000 subscribers may accommodate the SN in a single rack Two kinds of connections: Switched & Semi-permanent

Signaling The EWSD digital electronic switching system can control connections to and from other network nodes using all the common signaling systems. The signaling functions in a EWSD network-node are handled by the "common channel signaling network control (CCNC)". One system that is particularly suitable for stored-program-controlled digital nodes is signaling system no. 7. This transports signaling information separately from the user information (voice, data) on common-channel signaling links.

Modules OMM: Operation and maintenance module. Global traffic handling. Database management and modification. Man-machine interface. Billing handling centre. Maintenance, diagnosis and test.

 Supervising the system operation status and the remote operation environment. MSM: Message switching module. message switching control PSM: Peripheral switching module. RSM: Remote switching module. DSN: Digital switching network. CSM: Central switching module SNM, voice control part MSM, message control part

EWSD is the digital exchange made by German Company Siemens. This is reliable exchange which is mostly used in Pakistan. This type of digital exchange is used as local, transit as well as international gate way exchange. The most common switch is used as main exchange. This can operate as PSTN, ISDN (BRI), PRI, CMMERCIAL Subscriber (Pay phones).

Parts of EWSD Switch EWSD switch can be divided into following parts.

Digital line unit (DLU). Line trunk group (LTG). Switching network (SN). Coordination processor (CP).

NGN basically contains three exchanges : TDMA, HUAWAI(HCT) FCT(IPbased) C5(National calls) , C4(International calls) FCT can hold 80,000 subscribers .

5 Steps of exchange Power Access Control Signaling Switching

Switching modules Communication control module CPM Fast Switching Network Line interface module Service processing module Shared resource module Line interface module

NGN Cards ISMI FCCU ALUI(Alarm card) MSGI(multimedia) BSGI(data,voice) UPWR(power) IP formatting module