Department of Mechanical Engineering Jorhat Engineering College

Assignment on Air Refrigeration Cycle

1. The following data refer to a simple aircraft refrigeration system with evaporative cooling. Ram air pressure = 1.05 bar Ram air temperature = 270 C Compressed air pressure = 4 bar Pressure drop in heat exchanger = 0.2 bar Heat exchanger effectiveness =0.84 Cabin pressure = 1 bar Compressor efficiency c =0.8 Turbine efficiency t =0.83 Air flow rate through cabin = 0.5 kg/sec Air leaving the cabin at =260C Enthalpy change of evaporation cooling fluid 25 kJ/kg of air flow Determine 1. COP 2. ton capacity of refrigeration 3. power required for refrigeration 4. the amount of air handled by the blower if the ram air leaves the HE at 400 K. 2. A 15 ton refrigeration system working on the simple air refrigeration cycle takes 0.6 kg/sec of air from the main compressor. From the given values obtain COP and the power needed, and the amount of fluid to be evaporated per hour if the enthalpy change is 260 kJ/kg. Ram air pressure = 1.05 bar Ram air temperature = 288 K Compressed air pressure = 5.25 bar Heat exchanger effectiveness =0.75 Cabin pressure = 1.02 bar Compressor efficiency c =0.8 Turbine efficiency t =0.76 Air leaving the cabin at =300C 3. For the cock-pit of an aircraft 10 ton of refrigeration is required. The compressed air is available at 4 bar and 370C. Assuming the cooling turbine efficiency to be 0.8 and air leaving the chamber at 270C, obtain the mass of air needed for the refrigeration system. The cockpit is maintained at 1 bar. The power output of the cooling turbine is supplied to the blower. What rated power blower will you recommend? 4. A plane is crushing with a speed of 250 m/s at an altitude where ambient pressure and temperature are 0.35 bar and 150C. Ramming efficiency =0.85 Pressure at the end of main compression = 3 bar Temperature of air before the cooling turbine=170C Cabin pressure = 1.01 bar Compressor efficiency c =0.8 Turbine efficiency t =0.8 Air leaving the cabin at =300C Obtain for 0.2 kg/s of air flow , 1) COP 2) tonnage of the unit 3) Powers for the refrigeration system 1

5. The cockpit of a jet plane is to be cooled by a simple air refrigeration system. Cock-pit cooling load = 20 TR Speed of the plane = 1000 km/hr Ambient air pressure = 0.35 bar Ambient air temperature = -150 C Ramming efficiency =0.90 Pressure ratio in the main compressor= 3 Pressure drop in heat exchanger = 0.1 bar Cock-pit pressure = 1 bar Compressor efficiency c =0.80 Turbine efficiency t =0.80 Temperature of air entering the CT =300C Pressure of air leaving the CT =1.06 bar If the Cock-pit is to be maintained at 250C, find a) Stagnation temperature and pressure of air entering the main compressor b) Mass flow rate of air to cock-pit c) Power required to drive the refrigeration system d) COP of system 6. The following data refer to a reduced ambient air refrigeration system. Cock-pit cooling load = 10 TR Speed of the plane = 1500 km/hr Ambient air pressure = 0.8 kgf/cm2 Ambient air temperature = 50 C Ramming efficiency =1 Pressure of cooled air leaving the first cooling turbine=0.8 kgf/cm2 Temperature of cooled air leaving the heat exchanger = 1000C Pressure ratio in the main compressor= 3 Pressure loss between the outlet of second cooling turbine and the cabin= 0.1 kgf/cm2 Cock-pit pressure = 1 kgf/cm2 Temperature in the cock-pit = 220C Compressor efficiency c =0.85 Turbine efficiency t =0.80 Find a) mass flow of the air passing through the second cooling turbine b) quantity of ram air passing through the heat exchanger, if the rise in temperature is limited to 800C c) COP of the system 7.A boot strap air refrigeration system is used for an aeroplane to take 10 tons of refrigeration load. The ambient air conditions are 15C and 0.9 bar. The air is rammed isentropically to a pressure of 1.1 bar. The pressure of the air bled off the main compressor is 3.5 bar and this is further compressed in secondary compressor to a pressure of 4.5 bar. Compressor efficiency c=0.90 and Turbine efficiency t=0.85, effectiveness of both the heat exchanger is 0.6. If the cabin is to be maintained at 25 C and the pressure of the cabin is 1 bar, find 1) mass of air passing through the cabin 2) power used for refrigeration 3) COP of the system 2

7. A regenerative air refrigeration system for an aeroplane is designed to take a load of 30TR,. The temperature and pressure conditions of the atmosphere are 50 C and 0.85 kgf/cm2. The pressure of the air is increased from 0.85 kgf/cm2 to 1.2 kgf/cm2 due to ramming action. The pressure of the air leaving the main compressor is 4.8 kgf/cm 2. 60% of the total heat of the air leaving the main compressor is removed in the heat exchanger and then it is passed through the cooling turbine. The temperature of the rammed air which is used for the cooling purposes in the heat exchanger is reduced to 500C by mixing the air coming out from the cooling turbine. Compressor efficiency c=0.90 and Turbine efficiency t=0.80. The pressure and temperature required in the cabin are 1 kgf/cm 2 and 250C respectively. Assuming isentropic ramming and weight of cooled air passing through the heat exchanger equal to the weight of cooling air, find a) ratio of by-passed air to ram air used for cooling purposes b) the HP required for maintaining the cabin at required condition. 8. In a Bell-Coleman refrigeration plant air is drawn into the cylinder of the compressor at a pressure of 1 bar and temperature of 5 0C. It is compressed isentropically to a pressure of 5 bar at which it is cooled to 15 0C. It is then expanded in an expansion cylinder to a pressure of 1 bar and discharged into the refrigeration chamber. If the expansion follows the law pv1.2=C, determine , a) workdone on the air per kg b) COP of the plant 9. An aircraft is crushing with a speed of 900 km/hr at an altitude of 8000 m. The compression ratio is 5, cabin pressure is 1.01325 bar and leaves the cabin at 27 0C. Determine the power needed just for cabin pressurization and the power for refrigeration and COP. The mass flow rate is 1 kg/s. The atmospheric temperature is varies as t=15-0.0065Z where Z is altitude and p=p0(1-0.0065Z/288)5.28 10. An aircraft uses reduced ambient system for airconditioning. Ambient air temperature is 24 0C and pressure is 0.48 bar. The ram air temperature is 31.8 0C and pressure is 0.975 bar. The pressure ratio of the compressor is 4. The pressure at exit of auxiliary turbine is 0.6 bar. The isentropic efficiencies of compressor, main turbine and auxiliary turbine all are 0.8. Pressure at main turbine exit is 1.05 bar. The air leaves the cabin of 27 0C. Determine the mass flow rate of air, COP and Power per TR. 11. A dense air refrigeration cycle operates between 4 bar and 16 bar. The temperature of air after heat rejection to surrounding is 350C and the temperature of air leaving refrigerator is 60C. The isentropic efficiencies of turbine and compressor are 0.85 and 0.8 respectively. Determine a) the temperature after compression and expansion b) compressor and expansion work per TR c) COP and HP/TR

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