TRAINING SUPPORT PACKAGE (TSP)

TSP Number TSP Title Task Number(s) / Title(s) Effective Date Supercedes TSP(s) TSP Users Proponent

421-435-04 Dead Reckoning 551-733-4624, DETERMINE ETA/ETD 01 Oct 1999 03 Mar 1992 MOS 88K40, Watercraft Operator, ANCOC The proponent for this document is: DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY TRAINING DIRECTORATE 401 First Street Suite 227 ATTN: ATCL-AT Ft. Lee, VA 23801-1511

Comments / Recommendations

Send comments and recommendations directly to: DEPARTMENT OF THE ARMY TRAINING DIRECTORATE 401 First Street Suite 227 ATTN: ATCL-AT Ft. Lee, VA 23801-1511 This product has been reviewed by the product developers in coordination with the U.S. Army Combined Arms Support Command foreign disclosure authority. This product is releasable to military students from foreign countries on a case-by-case basis.

Foreign Disclosure Restrictions

PREFACE
Purpose

This Training Support Package provides the instructor with a standardized lesson plan for presenting instruction for:
Task Number: 551-733-4624 Title: DETERMINE ETA/ETD Conditions: You are required to determine dead reckoning positions. GIVEN: nautical chart, navigational instruments, class notes, paper and pencil, and DMA Pub. No. 9, Vol. I and II. Standards: You must draw and label dead reckoning track, calculate times, speed, and distance.

This TSP

Contains TABLE OF CONTENTS PAGE Preface ............................................................................................................................................. 2 Lesson Section I Section II Administrative Data..................................................................................... 4 Introduction ................................................................................................. 6 Terminal Learning Objective Demonstrate knowledge regarding computations and procedures for plotting or tracking; determining course speed, distance, and estimating times of arrival............................. 6 Section III Presentation................................................................................................ 7 Section IV Summary ................................................................................................. 13 Section V Student Evaluation.................................................................................... 14

Appendix A Viewgraphs ...............................................................................................................A-1 Appendix B Practical Exercises and Solutions. B-1 Appendix C Student HandoutsC-1

42143504 version TATS / Dead Reckoning 01 Oct 1999

SECTION I. All Courses Including This Lesson Task(s) Taught(*) or Supported Reinforced Task(s) Academic Hours

ADMINISTRATIVE DATA
Course Number Course Title

062-88K40
Task Number

88K40, WATERCRAFT OPERATOR, ANCOC

Task Title

551-733-4624 (*)
Task Number

DETERMINE ETA/ETD
Task Title

None The academic hours required to teach this TSP are as follows:
ADT Hours/Methods

Test Test Review Total Hours:

Prerequisite Lesson(s) Clearance Access References
Number Lesson Number

1.0 3.0 0.0 0.0 4.0

/ Conference / Discussion / Practical Exercise / /

Lesson Title

42142402

Navigational Instruments

Security Level : Unclassified Requirements : There are no clearance or access requirements for the lesson.
Title Date Additional Information

DMA Pub. No. 9 Vol. I & II Dutton FM 55-501 STP 55-88K14-SMTG

The American Practical Navigator (Bowditch) Duttons Navigation and Piloting Marine Crewmans Handbook. Soldiers Manual MOS 88K Watercraft Operator Chart 12222 TR Chart 12326

1995 01 Jan 1985 15 Mar 1983 Dec 1991 N/A N/A

Student Study Assignments

Duttons Navigation and Piloting; Chapter 8, Article 801 through Article 811.

Instructor Requirements Additional Personnel Requirements Equipment Required for Instruction

One instructor per class. None

Name

Quantity

Expendable

DRAFTING INSTRUMENT DRAFTING TRIANGLE PARALLEL RULE (18 IN) SCREEN PROJECTION OVERHEAD PROJECTOR Instructor Materials: Training Support Package Overhead Projector Viewing Screen Viewgraphs Erasable Overhead Pen Student Materials: Notepad Pen/Pencil

12 24 12 1 1

No No No No No

Materials Required

Classroom, Training Area, and Range Requirements Ammunition Requirements Instructional Guidance

CLASSROOM, GENERAL PURPOSE, 750SF, 20PN

Name

Student Qty

Misc Qty

None NOTE: Before presenting this lesson, instructors must thoroughly prepare by studying this lesson and the identified reference material. Ensure facilities and materials are ready prior to class time.
Name Rank Position Date

Proponent Lesson Plan Approvals

SECTION II.

INTRODUCTION Method of Instruction: Conference / Discussion Instructor to Student Ratio is: 1:12 Time of Instruction: 0 hrs 5 mins Media: None

Motivator

When the earliest mariners became sufficiently daring and skilled enough to venture beyond the known waters, they developed dead reckoning as a means of keeping track of their position. This term is derived from deduced reckoning, the process by which a ships position was deduced or computed trigonometrically in relation to a known point of departure. (Using a personal experience or related story, explain the importance of this lesson to the student.) NOTE: Show objective viewgraph (VGObjective)

Terminal Learning Objective

NOTE: Inform the students of the following Terminal Learning Objective requirements.
At the completion of this lesson, you [the student] will: Action: The student will demonstrate knowledge regarding computations

Conditions:

Standards:

and procedures for plotting or tracks; determining course, speed, and distance; and estimating times of arrival Given Chart 12222 TR, Chart 12326, DMA Pub. No. 9, Vol. I and II (Bowditch), Duttons Navigation and Piloting, FM 55-501, STP-5588K-14-SM-TG, navigational instruments, and class notes To receive a "GO" for this lesson unit, the student must answer all the check on learning questions correctly as well as perform all practical exercises without error.

Safety Requirements Risk Assessment Level Environmental Considerations

None Low

AR 200-1 delineates TRADOC responsibilities to integrate environmental requirements across DTLOMS and ensure all training procedures, materials, and doctrine include sound environmental practices and considerations. The Armys environmental vision is to be a national leader in environmental and natural resource stewardship for present and future generations as an integral part of all Army missions. This Training Support Package meets this standard. Refer students to the Student Evaluation Plan. Now, lets learn how to compute dead reckoning tracks.

Evaluation Instructional Lead-In

SECTION III.

PRESENTATION

1.

Learning Step / Activity 1. Dead Reckoning Definitions Method of Instruction: Instructor to Student Ratio: Time of Instruction: Media: Conference / Discussion 1:12 0 hrs 15 mins None

a. Dead Reckoning (DR) Definitions 1) Dead reckoning is the process of determining a ships approximate position by applying (to a last well-determined position) a vector, or a series of vectors, representing the run that has since been made. This is accomplished by using only the true course steered and the distance run as determined by log, engine revolutions, or calculations from speed measurements, without considering current. 2) Heading is the horizontal direction in which the ship points or heads. Heading is expressed in angular units, clockwise 000 degrees to 360 degrees. 3) Course is the direction in which a vessel is to be steered or is being steered. It is measured clockwise from 000 degrees to 360 degrees . 4) Course line is the graphic representation of a ships course. 5) Speed is the ordered rate of travel of a ship through the water and is expressed in knots. 6) Fix is a position established at a specific time by using a number of methods. 7) Dead reckoning position is a position determined by plotting a vector or a series of vectors using only the true course and distance determined by speed through the water, without considering current. 8) Dead reckoning plot is a graphical representation of the ordered courses and speeds while proceeding from a fixed point. 9) Estimated position (EP) is the more probable position of a ship determined from incomplete data or data of questionable accuracy. 10) Estimated time of departure (ETD) is the estimated time of departure from a specific location, depending upon the rate or schedule of movement. NOTE: Ask students if they have any questions.

2.

Learning Step / Activity 2. Labeling a Dead Reckoning Plot Method of Instruction: Instructor to Student Ratio: Time of Instruction: Media: a. Conference / Discussion 1:12 0 hrs 20 mins None

Labeling a Dead Reckoning (DR) Plot 1) Key elements of dead reckoning: a) Only true course steered is used to determine a dead reckoning position. b) Multiply the ordered engine speed by the time involved in the run to determine the distance to a dead reckoning position. c) A dead reckoning plot is always from an established position; that is, a fix or a running fix. d) The effects of current are not considered in determining a dead reckoning position. 2) Rules for labeling a dead reckoning plot:

NOTE:

Write the following dead reckoning labels on the chalkboard. a) Immediately label any line or plotted point. (1) The label for direction should be the letter C followed by three digits indicating the true course in degrees. (2) The label indicating the rate of movement along a course line is the letter S followed by digits indicating the speed. The digits indicating speed are placed below the direction label. (3) The symbol for a dead reckoning position is a small semicircle around a small dot on a straight segment of a course line. (4) The symbol for an estimated position (EP) is a small square. Time is written horizontally nearby. (5) The symbol for a fix is a small circle with a dot if needed. The word fix is not used. (6) The symbol for a running fix is the same as for a fix, but the letters R FIX are added, followed by the time. 3) When dead reckoning positions are to be plotted: a) A dead reckoning position shall be plotted every hour on the hour by law. b) A dead reckoning position shall be plotted at the time of every course change. c) A dead reckoning position shall be plotted at the time of every speed change.

d) A dead reckoning position shall be plotted at the time of obtaining a fix or a running fix. e) A dead reckoning position shall be plotted at the time of obtaining a single line of position. f) NOTE: A new course line shall be plotted from each fix or running fix as soon as the fix or running fix has been determined and plotted on the chart.

Develop the following drawing on the chalkboard and discuss plotting techniques.

NOTE:

Ask students if they have any questions.

3.

Learning Step / Activity 3. Time, Speed, and Distance Calculations Method of Instruction: Instructor to Student Ratio: Time of Instruction: Media: Conference / Discussion 1:12 0 hrs 15 mins None

a. Time, Speed, and Distance Calculations 1) The navigator may find it convenient to use a nautical slide rule for the solution of time, speed, and distance problems. 2) Alternatively, the navigator may use precomputed tables, such as those in Bowditch for such solutions. 3) The 60-minute rule states that speed equals distance traveled in 1 hour. If you are traveling at 10 knots, you will travel 10 miles in 1 hour. NOTE: Develop the time, speed, and distance formula on the chalkboard. 4) If a navigator is in doubt as to the accuracy of the solution, he/she can check it by simple arithmetic using the following formulas: Distance = S x T 60 Speed = D x 60 T Time = D x 60 S

5) A useful rule for plotting in confined waters where frequent fixes and dead reckoning (DR) positions are required is the three-minute rule. (1) The travel of a ship in yards in three minutes is equal to the speed of the ship in knots multiplied by a hundred. 6) A six-minute dead reckoning plot would be more appropriate than a three-minute plot if the travel of a ship in miles in six minutes is equal to the speed of the vessel divided by 10. NOTE: Ask students if they have any questions.

CHECK ON LEARNING: Conduct a check on learning and summarize the ELO. Ask students the following questions. As you review the items individually, ask students if they have any additional questions. 1. What is a heading? (The horizontal direction in which the ship points or heads) 2. What is course? (The direction in which a vessel is to be steered or is being steered) 3. If you travel 8 miles in 20 minutes, how fast is your vessel traveling? (6.2 miles)

10

4.

Learning Step / Activity 4. Practical Exercise #1 Determining Dead Reckoning Positions Method of Instruction: Instructor to Student Ratio: Time of Instruction: Media: Practical Exercise 1:12 1 hrs 25 mins None

NOTE: NOTE:

Refer to the Practical Exercise Appendix, Practical Exercise #1 Determining Dead Reckoning Positions. Provide assistance and coaching throughout the Practical Exercise to ensure that students understand the procedures for determining dead reckoning positions. Ask students if they have any questions.

NOTE:

11

5.

Learning Step / Activity 5. Practical Exercise #2 Determining Dead Reckoning Positions Method of Instruction: Instructor to Student Ratio: Time of Instruction: Media: Practical Exercise 1:12 1 hrs 25 mins None

NOTE: NOTE:

Refer to the Practical Exercise Appendix, Practical Exercise #2 Determining Dead Reckoning Positions. Provide assistance and coaching throughout the Practical Exercise to ensure that students understand the procedures for determining dead reckoning positions. Ask students if they have any questions.

NOTE:

12

SECTION IV.

SUMMARY Method of Instruction: Conference / Discussion Instructor to Student Ratio is: 1:12 Time of Instruction: 0 hrs 10 mins Media: None

Review / Summarize Lesson

NOTE: Show summary viewgraph (VGSummary) In this lesson, you learned about plotting dead reckoning tracks. The following key points were discussed within the lesson unit: a. Dead Reckoning Terminology b. Labeling a Dead Reckoning Plot c. Time, Speed, and Distance Calculations

Check on Learning

Conduct a check on learning and summarize the lesson. Determine if the students have learned the material by: a. Soliciting student questions and explanations. b. Asking questions and getting answers from the students. c. Correcting any student misunderstandings.

13

SECTION V. Testing Requirements

STUDENT EVALUATION NOTE: Describe how the students will be tested to determine if they can perform the TLO standard. Refer students to the Student Evaluation Plan. Refer to the Course Management Plan/Program of Instruction (CMP/POI) for guidance on administering the test.

Feedback Requirement

NOTE: Schedule and provide feedback on the evaluation and any information to help answer students questions about the test. Provide remedial training as needed. Correct any student misunderstandings. Rapid, immediate feedback is essential to effective learning.

14

DEAD RECKONING

VIEWGRAPHS

A-1

DEAD RECKONING

PRACTICAL EXERCISES

B-1

PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET 1

Title Lesson Number/Title Introduction

Determining Dead Reckoning Positions 421-435-04 version TATS / Dead Reckoning During the instruction of this unit, we discussed terminology and procedures for determining dead reckoning. Now you can apply what you have learned in this practical exercise. Knowing all aspects of dead reckoning is a skill that can help you keep track of your vessels position. (Using a personal experience or related story, explain the importance of this lesson to the student.) NOTE: Show objective viewgraph (VGObjective)

Motivator

Terminal Learning Objective

NOTE: Inform the students of the following Terminal Learning Objective requirements.
At the completion of this lesson, you [the student] will: Action: The student will demonstrate knowledge regarding computations

Conditions:

Standards:

and procedures for plotting or tracks; determining course, speed, and distance; and estimating times of arrival Given Chart 12222 TR, Chart 12326, DMA Pub. No. 9, Vol. I and II (Bowditch), Duttons Navigation and Piloting, FM 55-501, STP-5588K-14-SM-TG, navigational instruments, and class notes To receive a "GO" for this lesson unit, the student must answer all of the check on learning questions correctly as well as perform all practical exercises without error.

Safety Requirements Risk Assessment Level Environmental Considerations

None Low

AR 200-1 delineates TRADOC responsibilities to integrate environmental requirements across DTLOMS and ensures all training procedures, materials, and doctrine include sound environmental practices and considerations. The Armys environmental vision is to be a national leader in environmental and natural resource stewardship for present and future generations as an integral part of all Army missions. This Training Support Package meets this standard. Refer students to the Student Evaluation Plan. Now, lets learn how to determine dead reckoning positions.

Evaluation Instructional Lead-In

B-2

Resource Requirements

Instructor Materials: Training Support Package Overhead Projector Viewing Screen Viewgraphs Erasable Overhead Pen Student Materials: Notepad Pen/Pencil

Special Instructions

Students will have 1 1/2 hours to complete this practical exercise. Students will need navigational instruments, Chart 12222 TR, and Chart 12326. Refer students to Student Handout #1 Determining Dead Reckoning Positions. FIRST THROUGH FOURTEENTH REQUIREMENTS: Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning positions.

Procedures

Feedback Requirements

Schedules and provide feedback on the evaluation and any information to help answer students questions about the test. Provide remedial training as needed. Correct any student misunderstandings. Rapid, immediate feedback is essential to effective learning.

B-3

PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET 1 Determining Dead Reckoning Positions Special Situation: A vessel takes departure at 0800 from point A, latitude 36 degrees 54 minutes north, longitude () 75 degrees 30 minutes west, on course 067 degrees, speed is 14 knots. NOTE: Throughout the entire exercise, plot and label all courses, speeds, fixes, etc. Plot your dead reckoning (DR) positions at 60-minute intervals. Determine positions to +/- 0.5 minute. First Requirement: Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 0900 DR Latitude Longitude 1100 DR Latitude Longitude Second Requirement: At 1200, you fix your position at latitude 37 degrees 12 minutes north, longitude 74 degrees 29 minutes west, by advancing a morning sun line to local apparent noon (LAN). Determine the direction and the distance you were set. At this time, change course to 082 degrees and speed to 10 knots due to fishing vessels. Set direction Distance Third Requirement: Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 1300 DR Latitude Longitude 1430 DR Latitude Longitude Fourth Requirement: At 1430, you change course to 065 degrees. Determine coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) position: 1500 DR Latitude Longitude 1600 DR Latitude Longitude _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

B-4

PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET 1 (Continued) Determining Dead Reckoning Positions Fifth Requirement: At 1615, you obtain a running fix; latitude 37 degrees 19 minutes north and longitude 73 degrees 41 minutes west. Determine the direction and distance you were set. Set direction Distance Sixth Requirement: At 1615, you increase speed to 12 knots. Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 1700 DR Latitude Longitude 1900 DR Latitude Longitude Seventh Requirement: By evening stars, you find your position at 1900, latitude 37 degrees 32 minutes north, longitude 72 degrees 59 minutes west. At this time, change course to 020 degrees and speed to 14 knots. Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 2100 DR Latitude Longitude 2300 DR Latitude Longitude Eighth Requirement: The mate on watch records these course and speed changes while maneuvering on various vessels. Plot and label the following: 0030, change course to 090 degrees 0100, charge course to 020 degrees 0145, change course to 350 degrees 0200, change speed to 10 knots 0300, change course to 020 degrees and speed to 14 knots Ninth Requirement: Determine your 0530 dead reckoning (DR) position in preparation for morning stars and sunrise. 0530 DR Latitude Longitude _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

B-5

PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET 1 (Continued) Determining Dead Reckoning Positions Tenth Requirement: Your 0515 star fix is at position latitude 39 degrees 38 minutes north, longitude 72 degrees 0515 west. What course has been made good since 1900 the previous day? Course made good _______________________________ What charted hazard is in your 0515 location? Charted hazard _______________________________

Eleventh Requirement: You wish to change course and speed to arrive at point "B, latitude 41 degrees 06 minutes north, longitude 71 degrees 23 minutes west at 1300. What is the distance to point B from your 0515 position? What speed would be required to arrive at 1300? Distance Speed required Twelfth Requirement: At 0530, you change speed to 13 knots. Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions. 0600 DR Latitude Longitude 0800 DR Latitude Longitude 1000 DR Latitude Longitude _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

Thirteenth Requirement: At 1000, you obtain a running fix, latitude 40 degrees 38 minutes north, longitude 71 degrees 41 minutes 5 west, by advancing morning sun lines. In which direction were you set and how far? Set direction Distance _______________________________ _______________________________

Fourteenth Requirement: Determine your new course and speed to arrive at point B at 1300 from the 1000 fix. Course Speed _______________________________ _______________________________

B-6

Solution for Practical Exercise Sheet 1 First Requirement: 0900 DR Latitude Longitude 1100 DR Latitude Longitude Second Requirement: Set direction Distance Third Requirement: 1300 DR Latitude Longitude 1430 DR Latitude Longitude Fourth Requirement: 1500 DR Latitude Longitude 1600 DR Latitude Longitude Fifth Requirement: Set direction Distance Sixth Requirement: 1700 DR Latitude Longitude 1900 DR Latitude Longitude Seventh Requirement: 2100 DR Latitude Longitude 2300 DR Latitude Longitude 37 degrees 59 minutes 0 north 72 degrees 46 minutes 5 west 38 degrees 25 minutes 0 north 72 degrees 34 minutes 5 west 37 degrees 22 minutes 5 north 73 degrees 30 minutes 5 west 37 degrees 33 minutes 0 north 73 degrees 04 minutes 0 west 213 degrees 4.7 miles 37 degrees 17 minutes 5 north 73 degrees 52 minutes 0 west 37 degrees 22 minutes 0 north 73 degrees 41 minutes 0 west 37 degrees 13 minutes 0 north 74 degrees 16 minutes 0 west 37 degrees 15 minutes 5 north 73 degrees 57 minutes 5 west 220 degrees 4.5 miles 36 degrees 59 minutes 0 north 75 degrees 14 minutes 0 west 37 degrees 10 minutes 0 north 75 degrees 41 minutes 5 west

B-7

Solution for Practical Exercise Sheet 1 (Continued) Eighth Requirement: Check work against master plot. Ninth Requirement: 0530 DR Latitude Longitude Tenth Requirement: Course Made Good Charted Hazard Eleventh Requirement: Distance Speed required Twelfth Requirement: 0600 DR Latitude Longitude 0800 DR Latitude Longitude 1000 DR Latitude Longitude Thirteenth Requirement: Set direction Distance Fourteenth Requirement: Course Speed 026.5 degrees 10.7 knots 273 degrees 4.2 miles 39 degrees 47 minutes 5 north 72 degrees 00 minutes 5 west 40 degrees 12 minutes 5 north 71 degrees 48 minutes 0 west 40 degrees 37 minutes 0 north 71 degrees 36 minutes 0 west 94 5 miles 12.2 knots 018 degrees Unexploded ordinance (rep 1970) PA 39 degrees 40 minutes 5 north 72 degrees 00 minutes 0 west

B-8

PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET 2

Title Lesson Number/Title Introduction

Determining Dead Reckoning Positions 421-435-04 version TATS / Dead Reckoning In this practical exercise, you will continue to apply what you have learned about determining dead reckoning tracks. When the earliest mariners became sufficiently daring and skilled to venture beyond the known waters, they developed dead reckoning as a means of keeping track of their position. This term is derived from deduced reckoning, the process by which a ships position was deduced or computed trigonometrically in relation to a known point of departure. (Using a personal experience or related story, explain the importance of this lesson to the student.) NOTE: Inform the students of the following Terminal Learning Objective requirements.
At the completion of this lesson, you [the student] will: Action: The student will demonstrate knowledge regarding computations

Motivator

Terminal Learning Objective

Conditions:

Standards:

and procedures for plotting or tracks; determining course, speed, and distance; and estimating times of arrival Given Chart 12222 TR, Chart 12326, DMA Pub. No. 9, Vol. I and II (Bowditch), Duttons Navigation and Piloting, FM 55-501, STP-5588K-14-SM-TG, navigational instruments, and class notes To receive a "GO" for this lesson unit, the student must answer all of the check on learning questions correctly as well as perform all practical exercises without error.

Safety Requirements Risk Assessment Level Environmental Considerations

None Low

AR 200-1 delineates TRADOC responsibilities to integrate environmental requirements across DTLOMS and ensure all training procedures, materials, and doctrine include sound environmental practices and considerations. The Armys environmental vision is to be a national leader in environmental and natural resource stewardship for present and future generations as an integral part of all Army missions. This Training Support Package meets this standard. Refer students to the Student Evaluation Plan. Now, lets learn how to compute dead reckoning tracks.

Evaluation Instructional Lead-In

B-9

Resource Requirements

Instructor Materials: Training Support Package Overhead Projector Viewing Screen Viewgraphs Erasable Overhead Pen Student Materials: Notepad Pen/Pencil

Special Instructions

Students will have 1 1/2 hours to complete this practical exercise. Students will need navigational instruments, Chart 12222 TR, and Chart 12326. Refer students to Student Handout #2 Determining Dead Reckoning Positions. FIRST THROUGH FIFTEENTH REQUIREMENT: Determine the coordinates of the following DR positions. Throughout entire exercise, plot and label all courses, speeds, fixes, etc. Plot your dead reckoning (DR) positions at 15-minute intervals.

Procedures

Feedback Requirements

Schedules and provide feedback on the evaluation and any information to help answer students questions about the test. Provide remedial training as needed. Correct any student misunderstandings. Rapid, immediate feedback is essential to effective learning.

B-10

PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET 2 Determining Dead Reckoning Positions Special Situation: (Chart 12222TR) Your landing craft utility (LCU) 1667 departs from joint "A" at 0800, latitude 41 degrees 1 minute 0 north, longitude () 71 degrees 30 minutes 0 west, on course 034 degrees, and speed at 10 knots. Note: Throughout entire exercise, plot and label all courses, speeds, fixes, etc. Plot your DRs at 15minute intervals.

First Requirement: Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 0815 DR Latitude Longitude 0830 DR Latitude Longitude Second Requirement: At 0840, you obtain a global positioning satellite (GPS) fix, latitude 41 degrees 15 minutes 8 north, longitude () 71 degrees 24 minutes 7 west. Determine the direction and distance you were set. At this time, change course to 104 degrees, speed 7 knots. Speed is reduced due to low visibility. Set direction Distance _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

Third Requirement: Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 0900 DR Latitude Longitude 0915 DR Latitude Longitude 0930 DR Latitude Longitude _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

B-11

PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET 2 (Continued) Determining Dead Reckoning Positions Fourth Requirement: At 0934, you change course to 018 degrees. Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 0945 DR Latitude Longitude 0949 DR Latitude Longitude Fifth Requirement: What is the depth of water at the 0949 dead reckoning (DR) position? ___________________________________________ Sixth Requirement: Sighting a ship ahead, you change course at 0949 to 040 degrees and slow speed to 5 knots. Determine the coordinates of the 1009 dead reckoning (DR) position: 1009 DR Latitude Longitude Seventh Requirement: Having cleared the other vessel at 1009, you change course to 125 degrees and speed to 7 knots. Determine the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 1030 DR Latitude Longitude 1100 DR Latitude Longitude Eighth Requirement: At 1100, visibility is improved and you obtain a visual fix, latitude 41 degrees 14 minutes 5 north, longitude () 71 degrees 06.8 west. What direction were you set and how far? Set direction Distance Ninth Requirement: At 1100, you change course to 090 and speed to 10 knots. At 1110, another vessel is sighted and you change course to 135 degrees. Determine the 1115 dead reckoning (DR). At 1115, speed is changed to 5 knots. Determine the 1130 DR. 1115 DR Latitude Longitude 1130 DR Latitude _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ Longitude _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

B-12

PRACTICAL EXERCISE SHEET 2 (Continued) Determining Dead Reckoning Positions Eleventh Requirement: At 1230, you obtain a radar fix, latitude 41 degrees 21 minutes 0 north, longitude () 70 degrees 55 minutes 0 west. Determine the direction and distance you were set. Set direction Distance Twelfth Requirement: At 1230, you wish to change course and speed so as to arrive at point "B" at 1430. What should the new course and speed be? Point B: Latitude 41 degrees 12 minutes 8 north, longitude () 70 degrees 41 minutes 0 west. Change course and speed as necessary. Course Speed _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

Thirteenth Requirement: After plotting this new course and speed, determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 1330 DR Latitude Longitude 1300 DR Latitude Longitude 1400 DR Latitude Longitude _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

Fourteenth Requirement: At 1400, you obtain a visual fix, latitude 41 degrees 14 minutes 8 north, 70 degrees 44 minutes 8 west. In which direction were you set and how far? Set direction Distance _______________________ _______________________

Fifteenth Requirement: Determine your new course and speed to arrive at point "B" at 1430 from the 1400 fix. Course Speed _______________________ _______________________

B-13

Solution for Practical Exercise Sheet 2 First Requirement: 0815 DR Latitude Longitude 0830 DR Latitude Longitude Second Requirement: Set direction Distance Third Requirement: 0900 DR Latitude Longitude 0915 DR Latitude Longitude 0930 DR Latitude Longitude Fourth Requirement: 0945 DR Latitude Longitude 0949 DR Latitude Longitude Fifth Requirement: 118 feet 2 minutes Sixth Requirement: 1009 DR Latitude Longitude Seventh Requirement: 1030 DR Latitude Longitude 1100 DR Latitude Longitude 41 degrees 15 minutes 8 north 71 degrees 11 minutes 8 west 41 degrees 13 minutes 8 north 71 degrees 08 minutes 0 west 41 degrees 17 minutes 2 north 71 degrees 14 minutes 5 west 41 degrees 15 minutes 5 north 71 degrees 16 minutes 1 west 41 degrees 15 minutes 9 north 71 degrees 15 minutes 9 west 41 degrees 15 minutes 2 north 71 degrees 21 minutes 7 west 41 degrees 14 minutes 8 north 71 degrees 19 minutes 5 west 41 degrees 14 minutes 4 north 71 degrees 17 minutes 3 west 050 degrees .35 miles 41 degrees 12 minutes 1 north 71 degrees 28 minutes 2 west 41 degrees 14 minutes 2 north 71 degrees 26 minutes 3 west

B-14

Solution for Practical Exercise Sheet 2 (Continued) Eighth Requirement: Set direction Distance Ninth Requirement: 1115 DR Latitude Longitude 1130 DR Latitude Longitude 41 degrees 13 minutes 9 north 71 degrees 03 minutes 9 west 41 degrees 13 minutes 1 north 71 degrees 02 minutes 7 west 050 degrees 1.1 miles

Eleventh Requirement: Set direction Distance Twelfth Requirement: Course Speed 128 degrees 6.7 knots 152 degrees .25 miles

Thirteenth Requirement: 1330 DR Latitude Longitude 1300 DR Latitude Longitude 1400 DR Latitude Longitude 41 degrees 18 minutes 9 north 71 degrees 51 minutes 5 west 41 degrees 16 minutes 9 north 71 degrees 48 minutes 0 west 41 degrees 14 minutes 9 north 71 degrees 44 minutes 5 west

Fourteenth Requirement: Set direction Distance 249 degrees .2 miles

Fifteenth Requirement: Course Speed 125 degrees 7 knots

B-15

DEAD RECKONING

STUDENT HANDOUTS

C-1

Student Handout #1 Determining Dead Reckoning Positions

Special Situation: A vessel takes departure at 0800 from point A, latitude 36 degrees 54 minutes north, longitude () 75 degrees 30 minutes west, on course 067 degrees, speed is 14 knots. NOTE: Throughout the entire exercise, plot and label all courses, steeds, fixes, etc. Plot your dead reckoning (DR) positions at 60-minute intervals. Determine positions to +/- 0.5 minute. First Requirement: Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 0900 DR Latitude Longitude 1100 DR Latitude Longitude Second Requirement: At 1200, you fix your position at latitude 37 degrees 12 minutes north, longitude 74 degrees 29 minutes west, by advancing a morning sun line to local apparent noon (LAN). Determine the direction and the distance you were set. At this time, change course to 082 degrees and speed to 10 knots due to fishing vessels. Set direction Distance Third Requirement: Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 1300 DR Latitude Longitude 1430 DR Latitude Longitude Fourth Requirement: At 1430, you change course to 065 degrees. Determine coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 1500 DR Latitude Longitude 1600 DR Latitude Longitude _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

C-2

Student Handout #1 (Continued) Determining Dead Reckoning Positions

Fifth Requirement: At 1615, you obtain a running fix: latitude 37 degrees 19 minutes north and longitude 73 degrees 41 minutes west. Determine the direction and distance you were set. Set direction Distance Sixth Requirement: At 1615, you increase speed to 12 knots. Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 1700 DR Latitude Longitude 1900 DR Latitude Longitude Seventh Requirement: By evening stars, plot your final position at 1900, latitude 37 degrees 32 minutes north, longitude 72 degrees 59 minutes west. At this time, change course to 020 degrees and speed to 14 knots. Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 2100 DR Latitude Longitude 2300 DR Latitude Longitude Eighth Requirement: The mate on watch records these course and speed changes while maneuvering on various vessels. Plot and label the following: 0030, change course to 090 degrees 0100, change course to 020 degrees 0145, change course to 350 degrees 0200, change speed to 10 knots 0300, change course to 020 degrees and speed to 14 knots Ninth Requirement: Determine your 0530 dead reckoning (DR) position in preparation for morning stars and sunrise. 0530 DR Latitude Longitude _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

C-2

Student Handout #1 (Continued) Determining Dead Reckoning Positions

Tenth Requirement: Your 0515 star fix is at position latitude 39 degrees 38 minutes north, longitude 72 degrees 0515 west. What course has been made good since 1900 the previous day? Course made good _______________________________ What charted hazard is in your 0515 location? Charted hazard _______________________________

Eleventh Requirement: You wish to change course and speed to arrive at point "B, latitude 41 degrees 06 minutes north, longitude 71 degrees 23 minutes west at 1300. What is the distance to point B from your 0515 position? What speed would be required to arrive at 1300? Distance Speed required Twelfth Requirement: At 0530, you change speed to 13 knots. Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions. 0600 DR Latitude Longitude 0800 DR Latitude Longitude 1000 DR Latitude Longitude _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________ _______________________________

Thirteenth Requirement: At 1000, you obtain a running fix, latitude 40 degrees 38 minutes north, longitude 71 degrees 41 minutes 5 west, by advancing morning sun lines. In which direction were you set and how far? Set direction Distance _______________________________ _______________________________

Fourteenth Requirement: Determine your new course and speed to arrive at point B at 1300 from the 1000 fix. Course Speed _______________________________ _______________________________

C-3

Student Handout #2 Determining Dead Reckoning Positions

Special Situation: (Chart 12222TR) Your landing craft utility (LCU) 1667 departs from joint "A" at 0800, latitude 41 degrees 1 minutes 0 north, longitude () 71 degrees 30 minutes 0 west, on course 034 degrees, and speed at 10 knots. Note: Throughout entire exercise, plot and label all courses, speeds, fixes, etc. Plot your DR minutes at 15-minute intervals.

First Requirement: Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 0815 DR Latitude Longitude 0830 DR Latitude Longitude Second Requirement: At 0840, you obtain a global positioning satellite (GPS) fix, latitude 41 degrees 15 minutes 8 north, longitude () 71 degrees 24 minutes 7 west. Determine the direction and distance you were set. At this time, change course to 104 degrees, speed 7 knots. Speed is reduced to low visibility. Set direction Distance Third Requirement: Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 0900 DR Latitude Longitude 0915 DR Latitude Longitude 0930 DR Latitude Longitude _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

C-5

Student Handout #2 (Continued) Determining Dead Reckoning Positions

Fourth Requirement: At 0934, you change course to 018 degrees. Determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 0945 DR Latitude Longitude 0949 DR Latitude Longitude Fifth Requirement: What is the depth of water at the 0949 dead reckoning (DR) position? ___________________________________________ Sixth Requirement: Sighting a ship ahead, you change course at 0949 to 040 degrees and slow speed to 5 knots. Determine the coordinates of the 1009 dead reckoning (DR) position. 1009 DR Latitude Longitude Seventh Requirement: Having cleared the other vessel at 1009, you change course to 125 degrees and speed to 7 knots. Determine the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 1030 DR Latitude Longitude 1100 DR Latitude Longitude Eighth Requirement: At 1100, visibility is improved and you obtain a visual fix, latitude 41 degrees 14 minutes 5 north, longitude () 71 degrees 06.8 west. What direction were you set and how far? Set direction Distance _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

C-6

Student Handout #2 (Continued) Determining Dead Reckoning Positions

Ninth Requirement: At 1100, you change course to 090 and speed to 10 knots. At 1110, another vessel is sighted and you change course to 135 degrees. Determine the 1115 dead reckoning (DR). At 1115, speed is changed to 5 knots. Determine the 1130 DR. 1115 DR Latitude Longitude 1130 DR Latitude Longitude _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

Eleventh Requirement: At 1230, you obtain a radar fix, latitude 41 degrees 21 minutes 0 north, longitude () 70 degrees 55 minutes 0 west. Determine the direction and distance you were set. Set direction Distance Twelfth Requirement: At 1230, you wish to change course and speed so as to arrive at point "B" at 1430. What should the new course and speed be? Point B: Latitude 41 degrees 12 minutes 8 north, longitude () 70 degrees 41 minutes 0 west. Change course and speed as necessary. Course Speed _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

Thirteenth Requirement: After plotting this new course and speed, determine the coordinates of the following dead reckoning (DR) positions: 1330 DR Latitude Longitude 1300 DR Latitude Longitude 1400 DR Latitude Longitude _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________ _______________________

Fourteenth Requirement: At 1400, you obtain a visual fix, latitude 41 degrees 14 minutes 8 north, 70 degrees 44 minutes 8 west. In which direction were you set and how far? Set direction Distance _______________________ _______________________

C-7

Student Handout #2 (Continued) Determining Dead Reckoning Positions

Fifteenth Requirement: Determine your new course and speed to arrive at point "B" at 1430 from the 1400 fix. Course Speed _______________________ _______________________

C-8