Sentence Structures

S-LV-PN

oral exercise Basic Sentence Patterns Rhetorical Sentence Patterns 1. 2. 3. 4. Sample Jose Rizals The Monkey and The Turtle And yawned loudly enough to make everyone in class turn around In a few months, there will be a new UPLB Chancellor. planet of misfortune Until later Because Eng1 is taught in large class Phrase Clause Fragment Sentence The hysterical guide calmed down. Education all over the world is in a crisis. The responsibility is yours.

Most language teachers favor teaching the course in small class rather than in large class. The project beneficiaries wrote the volunteers a letter of thanks. Suffering has made me wise.

Rhetorical Sentence Patterns

Review of Sentence Parts Subject - simple subject - compound subject Predicate - simple predicate - compound predicate Complements - Predicate Nominative (PN) - Predicate Adjective (PA) - Direct Object (DO) - Indirect Object (IO) - Objective Complement (OC) Modifiers Connectors Examples Three children race against each other towards the pond. The sight of a pond, which provides a temporary relief against extreme drought, excite the children in the community. Water is life; drought is death.

Basic Sentence Patterns S-IV S-TV-DO S-TV-IO-DO S-TV-DO-OC S-LV-PA

Using black and white photography for a more dramatic effect, the photographer captured a range of emotionsdespair, optimism, hope, joyin a single shot. Oral Exercise Knowledge grows with exploration, adding new facts, correcting old beliefs. The first requirement, clearly, is to learn how to thinknot just aloud or in print, but privately. Facts are to the scientists what words are to the poets. For illustrative purposes, however, let us consider one form of art enjoyment which is virtually available to every normal human being, young or old, learned or simple, saint or sinnerreading. The artistic adds to the sum of human wisdom, or our understanding of the human predicament. At the very least, the way the film was made is tasteless. Nothing prevents the artist from being an entertainer and nothing prevents the entertainer from being an artist. Very destructive, Typhoon Falcon left many houses without roof.

Transforming Active to Passive Voice Voice

is the form of a verb that shows whether the subject is performing the action ACTIVE VOICE subject is the doer of the action PASSIVE VOICE subject is the receiver of the action Any action verbmay be transitive or intransitive can be in the active voice. Most action verbs can also be in the passive. A passive verb is always a verb phrase made from a be plus the past participle of the transitive verb. The tense of the helping verb be determines the tense of the verb. *conjugation of verbs Examples: Active or Passive? A cold compress was quickly applied to the wound. They discussed their views with the President. Rays seeming indifference is misconstrued by her friends. Carefully he removed the glass from the picture window. Above everything most people value individual expression in thought and behavior. A speech on the effect of watching too much television and playing video games by children will be delivered in the symposium. How do we avoid pitfalls in writing? The Use of Active Voice To make your sentence forceful, use the active voice. Ex: Filipinos pay little attention to cheap but nutritious vegetables. Little attention is paid to cheap but nutritious vegetables by Filipinos. Her brother-in-law repaired the leaking faucet. The leaking faucet was repaired by her brother-in-law. The Use of Passive Voice Ex: A: The principal reprimanded him for encouraging students to join protest rallies. P: He was reprimanded by the principal for encouraging students to join protest rallies. A: The message mystified Laura. P: Laura was mystified by the message. To point out the receiver of an action whenever the doer of the action is not important or not easily identified

P: A cold compress was quickly applied to the wound. A: (Her doctor) quickly applied a cold compress to the wound. Try It! They discussed their views with the President. Rays seeming indifference is misconstrued by her friends. Above everything most people value individual expression in thought and behavior. A speech on the effect of watching too much television and playing video games by children will be delivered in the symposium. How do we avoid pitfalls in writing? For clear writing, omit needless words. Exercise: Transform the voice of the verbs in the following sentences from active to passive or passive to active . 1. Heavy rains delayed the flight from Manila to Mindanao. 2. Voluntary contributions fund the orphanage. 3. The 2011 budget should be primarily used to implement programs that would benefit the poor. 4. Has your friend returned the book? An anti-terrorism treaty has been concluded by ASEAN countries during the last summit. Assignment Answer Exercise A, p. 153 and Exercise A, p. 154 of Dadulfalzas Reading into Writing 1. Write your answers in one whole yellow pad. Your answers will be discussed next meeting.

Ex: He was convicted of murder. (performer already known) Seventy housewives were interviewed regarding their daily lives. (performer unknown) Transforming the Voice of the verb

ACTIVE:

TV

DO

PASSIVE:

DO TV

A: Carefully he removed the glass from the picture window. P: Carefully, the glass from the picture window was removed by him.

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

TYPES of Polynomials
OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

Learning Objectives
Upon completion you should be able to: Identify polynomials and non-polynomials. Perform the following operations on polynomials: ADDITION SUBTRACTION MULTIPLICATION DIVISION
OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

According to the number of terms

MONOMIAL one term BINOMIAL two terms TRINOMIAL three terms MULTINOMIAL more than three terms

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

Types of Polynomial POLYNOMIAL

A POLYNOMIAL is an algebraic expression which involves One or more variables that involve only NON-NEGATIVE integer exponents, and No variable in the denominator.

Identify each polynomial according to the number of terms:

1) x3 y 2 z 4 3) y 3 4 y 2 5

2) y8 x 4

4) x5 2 x 4 y 6 x3 y 2 4 x 2 y 3 y 5
OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

DEGREE of a Term
OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

Identifying Polynomials

is the sum of the powers of all variables in the term.

Which of the following is a polynomial?

1) x 2 3 y 2

4) x 2 y 3 5) x3 2 x 2

Example: Find the degree of each term in the polynomial.

2) x 3 y 3
3) x y x y

x5 x 4 y x3 y 3 3x 2 12 y 7
OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

6)

x2 y 4 3 7

DEGREE of a Polynomial
OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

TERM of a Polynomial

is the degree of the term with the highest degree in the polynomial.

A constant or a product of a constant and a nonnegative-integral power(s) of variable(s) A term is separated from other terms by +.

Example: Find the degree of the polynomial.

2 x5 x 4 y x3 y 3 3x 2 12 y 7

Examples: Name the terms of these polynomials.

1) x 2 3x 4

2) x 4 y 4

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

Degree of a Polynomial
Identify the degree of each polynomial.

ADDITION of Polynomials
RULE: Identify similar terms; add their numerical coefficients and affix common literal coefficients.

1) x3 y 2 z 4 2) y8 x 4 3) y 4y 5
3 2

Example: Simplify by adding similar terms.

5 x 2 y 2 2 xy 3 4 x 2 y 2 xy 3
3 2 2 3 5

4) x 2 x y 6 x y 4 x y y
5 4
OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

x 2 y 2 3 xy 3
OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

TYPES of Polynomials
According to the degree:

Addition of Polynomials

CONSTANT degree 0
LINEAR degree 1 QUADRATIC degree 2

7
x yz xy x
3 x 3 x 2 x3

COLUMN Method RULE: Arrange similar terms in column, then add.

Example: Add the polynomials below.

CUBIC degree 3

5x3 7 x 2 x 4 and 3x3 8x 2 3x 7.

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

COEFFICIENTS
A term is composed of Numerical coefficient Literal coefficient

Addition of Polynomials
COLUMN Method

5x3 7 x 2 x 4 3x 3 8 x 2 3x 7 8 x 3 x 2 4 x 11

Example: Identify the numerical and literal coefficients.

5 xy 2 7 x 2 y 3 4 x 2 y 2 2 x 2 y 2
OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

SIMILAR Terms

SUBTRACTION of Polynomials
RULE: Same as the column method in adding polynomials.

are terms that have the same literal coefficient.

Example: Identify similar terms.

Example: Subtract the 2nd polynomial from the first one.

3xy 2 7 xy 3 12 x 2 y 2 x 2 y 2

4 x3 7 x 2 2 x 4

3x3 8 x 2 3x 7

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

SUBTRACTION of Polynomials

LONG DIVISION

12 x 1

3x 3 8 x 2 3x 7 x 3 15x 2 x 2 3

4 x3 7 x 2 2 x 4

MULTIPLICATION of Polynomials
RULE: When multiplying a term by another term, multiply their numerical coefficients and affix the product of their literal coefficients.
2 3 Examples: 1.) 3x 2 x 6 x 1 3 2.) 3x 2 x 2 y 2 x 4 y 2 2 2

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

LONG DIVISION

Perform the indicated operation: 3x 3 7 x 2 x 1 x 2 1

Answer:

3x 7

2x 1 2x 1 or 3x 7 2 2 x 1 x 1
or 3x 7 r. 2 x 1

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

MULTIPLICATION of Polynomials
RULE: Multiply the polynomials term by term, then add similar terms. Example: Multiply the polynomials below.

OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

SYNTHETIC DIVISION Example: Perform the indicated operation using SYNTHETIC DIVISION.

4 x3 7 x 2 2 x 4 8x2 7
Answer: 32x 5 56x 4 12x 3 17 x 2 14x 28
OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS
OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

x 2 5x 6 x 1
OPERATIONS ON POLYNOMIALS

DIVISION of Polynomials
METHODS: Long Division and Synthetic Division

SYNTHETIC DIVISION
1. Write the coefficients ONLY inside an upside-down division symbol with

a at the left side:

Example: Perform the indicated operation.

x 5x 6 x 1
2

2. Bring down the leading coefficient: