Lecture 3

Impact of jets on curved plates

Impact of jets on curved plates
The impact of jet on the curved surface is of much practical significance. The jet of water
can be introduced tangentially, whereas in other case it can strikes at some angle to the
entrance portion of the surface. Here, both such cases deserve individual consideration.
Consider the case when the jet strikes horizontally at the centre of the vane on the
concave side as shown in figure below.











After it strikes, it gets divided, glides over the surface and leaves the vane tangentially
with same velocity v.
The velocity at outlet of the plate can be resolved into two components, one in the
direction of the jet and the other perpendicular to the direction of the jet.
Component of velocity in the direction of the jet is given by, -: cos 0 here -ve sign has
been considered because; outlet velocity is in the opposite direction of the jet of water
coming out of from nozzle.
Component of velocity perpendicular to the jet is given by, : sin0
Force exerted by the jet in the direction of jet is given by,
Angleofdeflection

Vcos
Vsin
Fixedcurvedplate
Jet
F
V
V
Figure 6,4: A curved plate
180

F
X
= po:{: - (-: cos 0)]
= po:
2
{1 +cos 0]
Similarly, the force exerted by the jet in the direction normal to jet direction is given by,
F

= po:{u - : sin0] = -po:

2
sin0
If is made 90
0
(cos=0) then the jet gets deflected through 90
0
as in the case of a flat
plate.
When = 0 (cos=1) then the vane becomes semicircular and the jets coming off the
outlet tips are parallel and reverse in direction to the striking jet.
F = 2 av
2
= 2 foice on flat plate
Thus, it is observed that, as the angle of deflection increases, the value of F increases.
Example 6.5: A jet of water of diameter 0.10m moving with a velocity of 20m/s, strikes a
curved fixed symmetrical plate at the centre. Find the force exerted by the jet of water in
the direction of the jet, if the jet is deflected through an angle of 120
0
at the outlet of the
curved plate.
Solution: Given:
Diameter of the jet, d= 0.10m;
Area of the jet, a= 0.00785m
2
;
Velocity of the jet, v=20m/s;
Angle of deflection = 120
0
; =60
0
(because, angle of deflection=180
0
-)
Using the relation, for force exerted by the jet on the curved plate in the direction of the
jet,
F
X
= po:
2
{1 + cos 0] = 1uuu u.uu78S 2u
2
{1 + cos 6u] = 471uN


Jet striking the curved surface tangentially

Consider a fixed curved surface, as shown in figure below. Let the jet of water entering
and leaving vane tangentially. The jet while moving through the vane exerts some force
on the vane.









On resolving the velocity at inlet ;the two velocity components at the inlet are given by,
:
x
= : cos onJ :

= : sin
On resolving the velocity at outlet the two velocity components at the outlet are given by
v
ox
= -v cos anu v
oy
= v sin
The forces exerted by the jet of water in the directions of X and Y are,
F
X
= po:{: cos o (-: cos [))
:
:
:cos
:sin
:cos
:sin
Fixedcurved
plate
F
X
F
Y

Jet
Figure6.5.Jetstrikingthecurvedplate

Inlet
Outlet
F
X
= po:
2
{cos o + cos []
F

= po:{: sino - : sin[]

F

= po:
2
{sino - sin[]
Thus, the resultant force is given by F = F
X
2
+ F

2

If =; i.e. the case of jet striking the curved plate at one end tangentially when the plate
is symmetrical) then, F
X
= 2po:
2
cos o onJ F

= u
Example 6.6: A jet of 0.10 m in diameter strikes tangentially on a curved vane. The
tangent at the outlet end makes an angle of 60
0
with the x-axis and the velocity of the jet
is 10 m/s. find the force exerted by the jet on the vane in the direction of jet.
Solution:
Data given:
Diameter of the jet, J= 0.10 m; therefore, area of jet, o= 0.00785 m
2
; velocity of the jet,
:= 10 m/s;
water
= 1000 kg/m
3
;
Let, F
X
= force exerted by the jet in the direction of jet





Applying, Impulse momentum equation, we have,
60
0 15m/s

Fig6.6:DefinitionsketchforExample
: cos 6u

: sin 6u :
F
X
= po:|: - : cos 6u
0
]
F
X
= 1uuu u.uu78S 1u |1u -1u cos 6u
0
]
F
X
= S92.Su N Ans
Jet striking on the hinged surface

A jet is made to strike on a plate which is hinged at one edge and whose other edge is free
to move. Because of this jet strike, the plate will swing about the hinge, through some
angle.
The angle, through which the plate will swing, may be found out by taking moments of
the forces of the jet and weight of the plate about the hinge.
If the jet of water strikes the plate at some distance from the hinge, then the inclination of
the plate, with the vertical, may be found out.








Taking the moments of the system of forces about the top edge where the plate is hinged,
we have, F y = P b + w u
d
y
b
P
F
:
:
Hinge
Hingedplate Jetofdiameter,
Fig6.7: Impact on plane hinged plate
:
Ibcrcorc, P = F
y
b

P = po:
2

y
b

To determine the angle through which the plate will swing when its movement is not
opposed. Let the angle of swing be 0 and F
n
be the normal force to the inclined plate.







Force due to jet of water, normal to the plate is given by,
F
n
= po:
2
sin0

Here,
*
= (90-) that is the angle between the jet and the plate.
Moment of this force about the hinge is given by,
= F
n
0B = (po:
2
)(cos 0) _
0A
cos 0
] = (po:
2
)(x)
Weight of the plate be W. Moment of weight about hinge is given by,
x
h/2
W
F
n
h
O
B
A

Fig 6.8: Hinged plate

= w 0A

sin0 = w
b
2
sin0
For equilibrium of the plate,
(po:
2
)(x) = w
b
2
sin0
sin0 =
po:
2
x
w b
2

From the above equation, the angle of swing of the plate can be calculated.