Table

Date Chemical industry
Name
1921
Oppau Explosion, Germany
19321968
Minamata Disaster, Minamata Bay, Japan
1947
Texas City Disaster, Texas
1948
BASFs Ludwigshafen explosion, Germany Flixborough disaster, England
1974
1976
Seveso disaster, Seveso, Italy
1984
The Bhopal disaster, India
1988
Auburn, Indiana
1989
Phillips Disaster, Pasadena, Texas
2001
Toulouse, France
Construction industry
1909
Chicago Crib Disaster
1978
Willow Island disaster, Willow Island, West Virginia
Defense industry 1944 Port Chicago Disaster, Port Chicago, California
1965
Little Rock AFB, Searcy, Arkansas
Energy industry 1962 Centralia, Pennsylvania
1967
Torrey Canyon, Cornwall, England
1979
Three Mile Island accident
1979
Ixtoc I oil spill
1980
Lake Peigneur
1984
Romeoville, Illinois
Date
Name
1986
Chernobyl disaster, Prypiat, Ukraine
1988
Norco, Louisiana
1988
Piper Alpha disaster, North Sea
1989
Exxon Valdez oil spill, Long Beach, California
2005
Texas City Refinery explosion, Texas City, Texas
2005
Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire
2010
2010 Connecticut power plant explosion, Middletown, Connecticut, United States
2010
Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico
Food industry 1878 The Washburn A Mill, Minneapolis
1919
The Boston Molasses Disaster
1991
Hamlet chicken processing plant fire
2008
Georgia sugar refinery explosion in Port Wentworth, Georgia, United States
Manufacturing industry 1860 Pemberton Mill, Lawrence, Massachusetts
1905
Grover Shoe Factory disaster, Brockton, Massachusetts
1911
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, New York City
1993
Kader Toy Factory fire, Thailand
2000
Enschede fireworks disaster, Enschede, Netherlands
2007
Qinghe Special Steel Corporation disaster
Mining industry 1906 Courrires mine disaster, Courrires, France.
1942
Benxihu Colliery disaster, Benxi, Liaoning, China
1965
Dhanbad coal mine disaster, Jharkhand, India
1966
Aberfan disaster, Welsh
Description
A tower silo storing 4500 tones of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a BASF plant in Oppau
Was caused by the dumping of mercury compounds. The Chisso Corporation, a fertilizer and later petrochemical company, was found responsible for polluting the bay for 37 years
At 9:15 am an explosion occurred aboard a docked ship named the Grandcamp. The explosion, and subsequent fires and explosions, is referred to as the worst industrial disaster in America. The blast shattered windows from as far away as 25 mi (40 km). Large steel pieces were thrown more than a mile from the dock. The origin of the explosion was fire in the cargo on board the ship. Detonation of 3200 tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer aboard the Grandcamp led to further explosions and fires. The fertilizer shipment was to aid the struggling farmers of Europe recovering from World War II. Although this industrial disaster was one of the largest involving ammonium nitrate, many others have been reported including a recent one in North Korea A chemical tank wagon explosion within the BASFs Ludwigshafen, Germany site An explosion at a chemical plant near the village of Flixborough
The release of dioxins into the atmosphere and throughout a large section of the Lombard Plain. The disaster lead to the Seveso Directive, which was issued by the European Community and imposed much harsher industrial regulations
Is the largest industrial disaster on record. A faulty tank containing poisonous methyl isocyanate leaked at a Union Carbide plant. The disaster caused the regions human and animal populations severe health problems to the present Improper mixing of chemicals. The worst confined-space industrial accident in U.S. history
Explosion and fire. Registered 3.5 on the Richter scale
An explosion at the AZF fertilizer factory. Extensive structural damage to nearby neighborhoods
During the construction of a water intake tunnel for the city of Chicago, a fire broke out on a temporary water crib used to access an intermediate point along the tunnel. The fire began in the dynamite magazine and burned the wooden dormitory that housed the tunnel workers. 46 workers survived the fire by jumping into the lake and climbing onto ice floes or the spoil heap near the crib. 29 men were burned beyond recognition, and approximately 60 men died. Most of the remainder drowned or froze to death in the lake and were not recovered
A cooling tower for a power plant under construction. The cause was attributed to placing loads on recently poured concrete before it had cured sufficiently to withstand the loads. It is thought to be the largest construction accident in United States history
A munitions explosion occurred at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine
The cause of the fire at a Titan missile silo was determined to be a welding rod damaging a hydraulic hose allowing hydraulic vapors to leak and spread throughout silo, which were then ignited by an open flame source
The coal mine fire began, forcing the gradual evacuation of the Centralia borough. The fire continues to burn in the abandoned borough in 2010, 48 years later
The oil supertanker was shipwrecked off the western coast of Cornwall, causing an environmental disaster. This was the first major oil spill at sea
Partial nuclear meltdown. Mechanical failures in the non-nuclear secondary system, followed by a stuck-open pressure-operated relief valve (PORV) in the primary system, allowed large amounts of reactor coolant to escape. Plant operators initially failed to recognize the loss of coolant, resulting in a partial meltdown. The reactor was brought under control but not before up to 481 PBq (13 million curies) of radioactive gases were released into the atmosphere
The Ixtoc I exploratory oil well suffered a blowout resulting in the third largest oil spill and the second largest accidental spill in history
A Texaco oil rig drilled into a salt mine transforming the Lake Peigneur, a freshwater lake before the accident, into a salt water lake
Union Oil refinery explosion
Description
At the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant a test on reactor number four goes out of control, resulting in a nuclear meltdown. Fallout could be detected as far away as Canada. The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, covering portions of Belarus and Ukraine surrounding Prypiat, remains poisoned and mostly uninhabited. Prypiat itself was totally evacuated and remains as a ghost town
Shell Oil refinery explosion after hydrocarbon gas escaped from a corroded pipe in a catalytic cracker and was ignited
An explosion and resulting fire on a oil production platform. To date it is rated as the worlds worst offshore oil disaster in terms both of lives lost and impact to industry
The oil tanker hits Prince William Sounds Bligh Reef dumping an estimated minimum 10.8 million US gallons (40.9 million liters, or 250,000 barrels) of crude oil into the sea. It is considered to be one of the most devastating human-caused environmental disasters ever to occur in history. Overall reductions in population have been seen in various ocean animals, including stunted growth in pink salmon populations. Sea otters and ducks also showed higher death rates in following years, partially because they ingested prey from contaminated soil and from ingestion of oil residues on hair due to grooming. The effects of the spill continue to be felt 20 years later
An explosion occurred at a British Petroleum refinery. It is the third largest refinery in the United States and one of the largest in the world, processing 433,000 barrels of crude oil per day and accounting for 3% of that nations gasoline supply. BP has since accepted that its employees contributed to the accident. Several level indicators failed, leading to overfilling of a knock out drum, and light hydrocarbons concentrated at ground level throughout the area. A nearby running diesel truck set off the explosion
A series of explosions at the Buncefield oil storage depot, described as the largest peacetime explosion in Europe, devastated the terminal and many surrounding properties.
A large explosion occurred at a Kleen Energy Systems 620-megawatt, Siemens combined cycle gas-and oil-fired power plant. Preliminary reports attributed the cause of the explosion to a test of the plants energy systems. The plant was still under construction and scheduled to start supplying energy in June 2010
An explosion and fire that resulted in a massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, considered the largest offshore spill in U.S. history
The mill was destroyed by a flour dust explosion. The mill was rebuilt with updated technology. The explosion led to new safety standards in the milling industry
A large molasses tank burst and a wave of molasses rushed through the streets at an estimated 35 mph (56 km/h). The event has entered local folklore, and residents claim that on hot summer days the area still smells of molasses
Locked doors trapped workers in a burning processing plant
A dust explosion occurred at a sugar refinery owned by Imperial Sugar
The large factory collapsed without warning
Boiler explosion, building collapse and fire
This was a major industrial disaster in the U.S. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, which fought for better working conditions for sweatshop workers in that industry
A fire started in a poorly built factory. Exit doors were locked and the stairwell collapsed
A fire and explosion at a fireworks depot
A ladle holding molten steel separated from the overhead iron rail, fell and tipped
The worst mine accident ever in Europe
The worst coal mine accident ever in the world
Coal mine disaster
Was a catastrophic collapse of a colliery spoil-tip
Consequences
Date
Name
1921 500 deaths, 2000 injuries
Oppau Explosion, Germany
19321968 3000 people suffered various deformities, severe mercury poisoning symptoms or death
Minamata Disaster, Minamata Bay, Japan
1947 578 deaths, 3500 injuries
207 fatalities
1948
28 deaths 36 injuries
1974
1976 3000 pets and farm animals died, 70,000 animals were slaughtered, 193 people suffered from chloracne and other symptoms
20,000 deaths 570,000 injuries
1984
5 deaths
1988
Auburn, Indiana
1989
2001
Toulouse, France
1909
60 deaths 29 injuries Mechanics, vol. XI, no. 3 (March 1909); p. 193. Peter M. Hoffman, Safety First, The Chicago Medical Recorder, vol. 35, no. 12 (December 1913); the coroners first-person account. George F. Samuel, Southwest Land and Lake Tunnel, Annual Report, Thirty-Fourth Annual Report of the Department of Public Works to the City Council of the City of Chicago for the Year Ending December 31, 1909, Amberg,
1910 1978 51 deaths Willow Island disaster, Willow Island, West Virginia
320 deaths
1944
Port Chicago Disaster, Port Chicago, California
53 deaths
1965
1962
Centralia, Pennsylvania
Environmental damages
1967
1979 Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23940-7.
1979
Ixtoc I oil spill
Environmental
1980
Lake Peigneur
19 deaths
1984
Consequences 1986 50 deaths 4000 cancer deaths over time 600,000 most highly Chernobyl disaster, Prypiat, Ukraine
1988 7 deaths 42 injuries 2800 evacuations total cost arising from the Norco blast estimated at US$706 million
Norco, Louisiana
167 deaths US$ 3.4 billion in insured loss
1988
1989
Environmental disaster 100,000 to as many as 250,000 seabirds died 2800 sea otters, approximately 12 river otters, 300 harbor seals, 247 bald eagles, and 22 orcas, and billions of salmon and herring eggs were destroyed
2005 15 deaths 100 injuries
No fatalities damages of 750 million
2005
Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire
2010 Connecticut power plant explosion, Middletown, Connecticut, United States
11 deaths
2010
Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico
18 deaths
1878
The Washburn A Mill, Minneapolis
1919
The Boston Molasses Disaster
25 deaths
1991
Hamlet chicken processing plant fire
Georgia sugar refinery explosion in Port Wentworth, Georgia, United States
1860
Pemberton Mill, Lawrence, Massachusetts
Grover Shoe Factory disaster, Brockton, Massachusetts
1911 100 deaths
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, New York City
188 deaths, mostly young women
1993
Kader Toy Factory fire, Thailand
2000 22 deaths 947 injuries 1500 damaged or destroyed homes Total cost US$300 million
Enschede fireworks disaster, Enschede, Netherlands
2007
Qinghe Special Steel Corporation disaster
1099 deaths, including children
1906
Courrires mine disaster, Courrires, France.
1549 deaths
1942
Benxihu Colliery disaster, Benxi, Liaoning, China
300 deaths
1965
Dhanbad coal mine disaster, Jharkhand, India
144 total fatalities, including 116 children
1966
Aberfan disaster, Welsh
Description
A tower silo storing 4500 tones of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a BASF plant in Oppau
Was caused by the dumping of mercury compounds. The Chisso Corporation, a fertilizer and later petrochemical company, was found responsible for polluting the bay for 37 years
At 9:15 am an explosion occurred aboard a docked ship named the Grandcamp. The explosion, and subsequent fires and explosions, is referred to as the worst industrial disaster in America. The blast shattered windows from as far away as 25 mi (40 km). Large steel pieces were thrown more than a mile from the dock. The origin of the explosion was fire in the cargo on board the ship. Detonation of 3200 tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer aboard the Grandcamp led to further explosions and fires. The fertilizer shipment was to aid the struggling farmers of Europe recovering from World War II. Although this industrial disaster was one of the largest involving
A chemical tank wagon explosion within the BASFs Ludwigshafen, Germany site
An explosion at a chemical plant near the village of Flixborough
The release of dioxins into the atmosphere and throughout a large section of the Lombard Plain. The disaster lead to the Seveso Directive, which was issued by the European Community and imposed much harsher industrial regulations
Is the largest industrial disaster on record. A faulty tank containing poisonous methyl isocyanate leaked at a Union Carbide plant. The disaster caused the regions human and animal populations severe health problems to
Improper mixing of chemicals. The worst confined-space industrial accident in U.S. history
The cause of the fire at a Titan missile silo was determined to be a welding rod damaging a hydraulic hose allowing hydraulic vapors to leak and spread throughout silo, which were then ignited by an open flame source
The coal mine fire began, forcing the gradual evacuation of the Centralia borough. The fire continues to burn in the abandoned borough in 2010, 48 years later
The oil supertanker was shipwrecked off the western coast of Cornwall, causing an environmental disaster. This was the first major oil spill at sea
Partial nuclear meltdown. Mechanical failures in the non-nuclear secondary system, followed by a stuck-open pressure-operated relief valve (PORV) in the primary system, allowed large amounts of reactor coolant to escape. Plant operators initially failed to recognize the loss of coolant, resulting in a partial meltdown. The reactor was brought under control but not before up to 481 PBq (13 million curies) of radioactive gases were
The Ixtoc I exploratory oil well suffered a blowout resulting in the third largest oil spill and the second largest
A Texaco oil rig drilled into a salt mine transforming the Lake Peigneur, a freshwater lake before the accident,
At the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant a test on reactor number four goes out of control, resulting in a nuclear meltdown. Fallout could be detected as far away as Canada. The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, covering portions of Belarus and Ukraine surrounding Prypiat, remains poisoned and mostly uninhabited. Prypiat itself was totally
An explosion and resulting fire on a oil production platform. To date it is rated as the worlds worst offshore oil disaster in terms both of lives lost and impact to industry
The oil tanker hits Prince William Sounds Bligh Reef dumping an estimated minimum 10.8 million US gallons (40.9 million liters, or 250,000 barrels) of crude oil into the sea. It is considered to be one of the most devastating human-caused environmental disasters ever to occur in history. Overall reductions in population have been seen in various ocean animals, including stunted growth in pink salmon populations. Sea otters and ducks also showed higher death rates in following years, partially because they ingested prey from contaminated soil and from ingestion of oil residues on hair due to grooming. The effects of the spill continue to be felt 20 years later
An explosion occurred at a British Petroleum refinery. It is the third largest refinery in the United States and one of the largest in the world, processing 433,000 barrels of crude oil per day and accounting for 3% of that nations gasoline supply. BP has since accepted that its employees contributed to the accident. Several level indicators failed, leading to overfilling of a knock out drum, and light hydrocarbons concentrated at ground level
A series of explosions at the Buncefield oil storage depot, described as the largest peacetime explosion in Europe, devastated the terminal and many surrounding properties.
A large explosion occurred at a Kleen Energy Systems 620-megawatt, Siemens combined cycle gas-and oil-fired power plant. Preliminary reports attributed the cause of the explosion to a test of the plants energy systems. The plant was still under construction and scheduled to start supplying energy in June 2010
An explosion and fire that resulted in a massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, considered the largest offshore spill in U.S. history
The mill was destroyed by a flour dust explosion. The mill was rebuilt with updated technology. The explosion led to new safety standards in the milling industry
A large molasses tank burst and a wave of molasses rushed through the streets at an estimated 35 mph (56 km/h). The event has entered local folklore, and residents claim that on hot summer days the area still smells of
Locked doors trapped workers in a burning processing plant
A dust explosion occurred at a sugar refinery owned by Imperial Sugar
The large factory collapsed without warning
Boiler explosion, building collapse and fire
This was a major industrial disaster in the U.S. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, which fought for better working conditions for sweatshop workers in that industry
A fire started in a poorly built factory. Exit doors were locked and the stairwell collapsed
A fire and explosion at a fireworks depot
A ladle holding molten steel separated from the overhead iron rail, fell and tipped
The worst mine accident ever in Europe
The worst coal mine accident ever in the world
Coal mine disaster
Was a catastrophic collapse of a colliery spoil-tip
Consequences
500 deaths, 2000 injuries
3000 people suffered various deformities, severe mercury poisoning symptoms or death
207 fatalities
28 deaths 36 injuries 3000 pets and farm animals died, 70,000 animals were slaughtered, 193 people suffered from chloracne and other symptoms
5 deaths
60 deaths 29 injuries Mechanics, vol. XI, no. 3 (March 1909); p. 193. Peter M. Hoffman, Safety First, The Chicago Medical Recorder, vol. 35, no. 12 (December 1913); the coroners firstperson account. George F. Samuel, Southwest Land and Lake Tunnel, Annual Report, Thirty-Fourth Annual Report of the Department of Public Works to the City Council of the City of Chicago for the Year Ending December 31, 1909, Amberg,
51 deaths
320 deaths
53 deaths
Nuclear Crisis in Historical Perspective. Berkeley: University of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23940-7.
Environmental
19 deaths
50 deaths 4000 cancer deaths over time 600,000 most highly
7 deaths 42 injuries 2800 evacuations total cost arising from the Norco blast estimated at US$706 million
Environmental disaster 100,000 to as many as 250,000 seabirds died 2800 sea otters, approximately 12 river otters, 300 harbor seals, 247 bald eagles, and 22 orcas, and billions of salmon and herring eggs were destroyed
11 deaths
18 deaths
25 deaths
100 deaths
188 deaths, mostly young women
22 deaths 947 injuries 1500 damaged or destroyed homes Total cost US$300 million
1099 deaths, including children
1549 deaths
300 deaths
144 total fatalities, including 116 children
Date 1921
Name Oppau Explosion, Germany
19321968 Minamata Disaster, Minamata Bay, Japan
1947
1948 1974 1976
BASFs Ludwigshafen explosion, Germany Flixborough disaster, England Seveso disaster, Seveso, Italy
1984
1988
Auburn, Indiana
1989
2001
Toulouse, France
1909
1978
1944
Port Chicago Disaster, Port Chicago, California
1965
1962
Centralia, Pennsylvania
1967
1979
1979
Ixtoc I oil spill
1980
Lake Peigneur
1984
1986
Chernobyl disaster, Prypiat, Ukraine
1988
Norco, Louisiana
1988
Description
A tower silo storing 4500 tones of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a BASF plant i
Was caused by the dumping of mercury compounds. The Chisso Corporation, a fertilizer and later petrochemical company, w
At 9:15 am an explosion occurred aboard a docked ship named the Grandcamp. The explosion, and subsequent fires and expl
A chemical tank wagon explosion within the BASFs Ludwigshafen, Germany site An explosion at a chemical plant near the village of Flixborough
The release of dioxins into the atmosphere and throughout a large section of the Lombard Plain. The disaster lead to the Seve
Is the largest industrial disaster on record. A faulty tank containing poisonous methyl isocyanate leaked at a Union Carbide pl
Improper mixing of chemicals. The worst confined-space industrial accident in U.S. history
During the construction of a water intake tunnel for the city of Chicago, a fire broke out on a temporary water crib used to ac
A cooling tower for a power plant under construction. The cause was attributed to placing loads on recently poured concrete
The cause of the fire at a Titan missile silo was determined to be a welding rod damaging a hydraulic hose allowing hydraulic
The coal mine fire began, forcing the gradual evacuation of the Centralia borough. The fire continues to burn in the abandone
The oil supertanker was shipwrecked off the western coast of Cornwall, causing an environmental disaster. This was the first
Partial nuclear meltdown. Mechanical failures in the non-nuclear secondary system, followed by a stuck-open pressure-opera
The Ixtoc I exploratory oil well suffered a blowout resulting in the third largest oil spill and the second largest accidental spill i
A Texaco oil rig drilled into a salt mine transforming the Lake Peigneur, a freshwater lake before the accident, into a salt wate
At the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant a test on reactor number four goes out of control, resulting in a nuclear meltdown. Fal
An explosion and resulting fire on a oil production platform. To date it is rated as the worlds worst offshore oil disaster in ter
Consequences 500 deaths, 2000 injuries
3000 people suffered various deformities, severe mercury poisoning symptoms or death
207 fatalities 28 deaths 36 injuries
3000 pets and farm animals died, 70,000 animals were slaughtered, 193 people suffered from chloracne and other symptoms
5 deaths
60 deaths 29 injuries Mechanics, vol. XI, no. 3 (March 1909); p. 193. Peter M. Hoffman, Safety First, The Chicago Medical Reco
51 deaths
320 deaths
53 deaths
Environmental
19 deaths
50 deaths 4000 cancer deaths over time 600,000 most highly
7 deaths 42 injuries 2800 evacuations total cost arising from the Norco blast estimated at US$706 million
ne and other symptoms
he Chicago Medical Recorder, vol. 35, no. 12 (December 1913); the coroners first-person account. George F. Samuel, Southwest Land and
ge F. Samuel, Southwest Land and Lake Tunnel, Annual Report, Thirty-Fourth Annual Report of the Department of Public Works to the City
rtment of Public Works to the City Council of the City of Chicago for the Year Ending December 31, 1909, Amberg,
Date Name DescriptionConsequences 1921 Oppau Explosion, A tower Germany silo500 storing deaths, 4500 2000 tones injuries of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exp 19321968 Minamata Disaster, Was caused Minamata 3000 by the people dumping Bay, Japan suffered of mercury variouscompounds. deformities,The severe Chisso mercury Corporation, poisoning a fertilizer symptoms and or later death petr 1947 Texas City Disaster, At 9:15 am Texas 578 an explosion deaths, 3500 occurred injuries aboard a docked ship named the Grandcamp. The explosion, and su 1948 BASFs Ludwigshafen A chemical explosion, tank 207 fatalities wagon Germany explosion within the BASFs Ludwigshafen, Germany site 1974 FlixboroughAn disaster, explosion England 28 at deaths a chemical 36 injuries plant near the village of Flixborough 1976 Seveso disaster, The release Seveso, 3000 of Italy dioxins pets and intofarm the atmosphere animals died, and 70,000 throughout animals a were large slaughtered, section of the 193 Lombard peoplePlain. suffered Thefr d 1984 The Bhopal Is disaster, the largest India 20,000 industrial deaths disaster 570,000 on record. injuries A faulty tank containing poisonous methyl isocyanate leake 1988 Auburn, Indiana Improper mixing 5 deaths of chemicals. The worst confined-space industrial accident in U.S. history 1989 Phillips Disaster, Explosion Pasadena, and 23 fire. deaths Texas Registered 314 injuries 3.5 on the Richter scale 2001 Toulouse, France An explosion 29 at deaths the AZF 2500 fertilizer injuries factory. Extensive structural damage to nearby neighborhoods 1909 Chicago Crib During Disaster the construction 60 deaths 29of injuries a water Mechanics, intake tunnel vol. for XI, no. the 3 city (March of Chicago, 1909); a p. fire 193. broke Peter out M.on Hoffman, a temporar Saf 1978 Willow Island A cooling disaster, tower Willow 51 deaths forIsland, a power West plant Virginia under construction. The cause was attributed to placing loads on rec 1944 Port Chicago A Disaster, munitions Port 320 explosion deaths Chicago, occurred California at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine 1965 Little Rock AFB, The cause Searcy, of 53 Arkansas the deaths fire at a Titan missile silo was determined to be a welding rod damaging a hydraulic h 1962 Centralia, Pennsylvania The coal mine fire began, forcing the gradual evacuation of the Centralia borough. The fire continues t 1967 Torrey Canyon, The oil Cornwall, supertanker Environmental England was shipwrecked damages off the western coast of Cornwall, causing an environmental disa 1979 Three Mile Island Partialaccident nuclear Nuclear meltdown. CrisisMechanical in Historical failures Perspective. in the Berkeley: non-nuclear University secondary of California system, followed Press. ISBN by a0-52 stuc 1979 Ixtoc I oil spill The Ixtoc I exploratory oil well suffered a blowout resulting in the third largest oil spill and the second 1980 Lake Peigneur A Texaco oil Environmental rig drilled into a salt mine transforming the Lake Peigneur, a freshwater lake before the ac 1984 Romeoville,Union Illinois Oil refinery 19 deaths explosion 1986 Chernobyl disaster, At the Chernobyl Prypiat, 50 deaths Ukraine Nuclear 4000 Power cancer Plant deaths a test over ontime reactor 600,000 number most four highly goes out of control, resulting in a 1988 Norco, Louisiana Shell Oil refinery 7 deaths explosion 42 injuries after2800 hydrocarbon evacuations gas total escaped cost from arising a corroded from thepipe Norco in blast a catalytic estimated cracker at a U 1988 Piper AlphaAn disaster, explosion North 167 and deaths Sea resulting US$fire 3.4 on billion a oilin production insured loss platform. To date it is rated as the worlds worst off 1989 Exxon Valdez The oiloil spill, tanker Long Environmental hits Beach, Prince California William disaster Sounds 100,000 Bligh to as Reef many dumping as 250,000 an estimated seabirds minimum died 2800 10.8 sea otters, millionappr US g 2005 Texas City Refinery An explosion explosion, 15 occurred deaths Texas 100 at City, ainjuries British Texas Petroleum refinery. It is the third largest refinery in the United State 2005 Hertfordshire A series Oil Storage of explosions NoTerminal fatalities at fire damages the Buncefield of 750 oilmillion storage depot, described as the largest peacetime explosion 2010 2010 Connecticut A largepower explosion 5 deaths plant occurred explosion, 27 injuries at a Middletown, Kleen Energy Connecticut, Systems 620-megawatt, United States Siemens combined cycle gas-and 2010 Deepwater An Horizon explosion oil 11 spill, and deaths Gulf fire of that Mexico resulted in a massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, considered the largest of 1878 The Washburn TheA millMill, was 18 Minneapolis destroyed deaths by a flour dust explosion. The mill was rebuilt with updated technology. The ex 1919 The Boston A Molasses large molasses Disaster 21 deaths tank 150 burst injuries and a wave of molasses rushed through the streets at an estimated 35 mp 1991 Hamlet chicken Locked processing doors 25trapped deaths plant fire workers in a burning processing plant 2008 Georgia sugar A dust refinery explosion explosion 13 deaths occurred in 42 Port injuries at Wentworth, a sugar refinery Georgia, owned United by Imperial States Sugar 1860 Pemberton The Mill,large Lawrence, factory 145 deaths Massachusetts collapsed 166 without injuries warning 1905 Grover Shoe Boiler Factory explosion, disaster, 58 deaths building Brockton, 150collapse injuries Massachusetts and fire 1911 Triangle Shirtwaist This was Factory a major 100 fire, deaths industrial New York disaster City in the U.S. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory saf 1993 Kader Toy Factory A fire started fire, 188 Thailand in deaths, a poorlymostly built factory. young women Exit doors were locked and the stairwell collapsed 2000 Enschede fireworks A fire and disaster, explosion 22 deaths Enschede, at947 a fireworks injuries Netherlands 1500 depot damaged or destroyed homes Total cost US$300 million 2007 Qinghe Special A ladle Steel holding Corporation 32 deaths molten 6 disaster steel injuries separated from the overhead iron rail, fell and tipped 1906 Courrires mine The worst disaster, mine 1099 Courrires, accident deaths, including ever France. in Europe children 1942 Benxihu Colliery The worst disaster, coal 1549 Benxi, mine deaths accident Liaoning,ever China in the world 1965 Dhanbad coal Coal mine mine disaster, disaster 300 deaths Jharkhand, India 1966 Aberfan disaster, Was aWelsh catastrophic 144 total collapse fatalities, of a including colliery spoil-tip 116 children
y poisoning symptoms or death
aughtered, 193 people suffered from chloracne and other symptoms
09); p. 193. Peter M. Hoffman, Safety First, The Chicago Medical Recorder, vol. 35, no. 12 (December 1913); the coroners first-person acc
rsity of California Press. ISBN 0-520-23940-7.
om the Norco blast estimated at US$706 million
eabirds died 2800 sea otters, approximately 12 river otters, 300 harbor seals, 247 bald eagles, and 22 orcas, and billions of salmon and he
s Total cost US$300 million
13); the coroners first-person account. George F. Samuel, Southwest Land and Lake Tunnel, Annual Report, Thirty-Fourth Annual Report o
cas, and billions of salmon and herring eggs were destroyed
ort, Thirty-Fourth Annual Report of the Department of Public Works to the City Council of the City of Chicago for the Year Ending Decemb
icago for the Year Ending December 31, 1909, Amberg,
Chemical Industry Date 1921 19321968 Name Oppau Explosion, Germany Minamata Disaster, Minamata Bay, Japan
1947
1948 1974
1976
1984 1988 1989 2001 Date
The Bhopal disaster, India Auburn, Indiana Phillips Disaster, Pasadena, Texas Toulouse, France Construction Industry Name
1909
1978
Defence Industry Date 1944 1965 Name Port Chicago Disaster, Port Chicago, California Little Rock AFB, Searcy, Arkansas Energy Industry Date 1962 1967 Name Centralia, Pennsylvania Torrey Canyon, Cornwall, England
1979
1979 1980 1984
Ixtoc I oil spill Lake Peigneur Romeoville, Illinois Chernobyl disaster, Prypiat, Ukraine
1986
1988
Norco, Louisiana
1988
1989
2005
2005
Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire 2010 Connecticut power plant explosion, Middletown, Connecticut, United States Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico Fukushima Nuclear Plant Disaster, Japan Food industry
2010
2010
2011
Date 1878 1919 1991
Name The Washburn A Mill, Minneapolis The Boston Molasses Disaster Hamlet chicken processing plant fire Georgia sugar refinery explosion in Port Wentworth, Georgia, United States Manufacturing Industry Name Pemberton Mill, Lawrence, Massachusetts Grover Shoe Factory disaster, Brockton, Massachusetts Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, New York City Kader Toy Factory fire, Thailand Enschede fireworks disaster, Enschede, Netherlands Qinghe Special Steel Corporation disaster Dhaka, Bangladesh Mining Industry Name Courrires mine disaster, Courrires, France.
2008
Date 1860 1905
1911
1993 2000 2007 2013 Date 1906
1942 1965 1966
Benxihu Colliery disaster, Benxi, Liaoning, China Dhanbad coal mine disaster, Jharkhand, India Aberfan disaster, Welsh
Chemical Industry Description A tower silo storing 4500 tones of a mixture of ammonium sulfate and ammonium nitrate fertilizer exploded at a BASF plant in Oppau Was caused by the dumping of mercury compounds. The Chisso Corporation, a fertilizer and later petrochemical company, was found responsible for polluting the bay for 37 years At 9:15 am an explosion occurred aboard a docked ship named the Grandcamp. The explosion, and subsequent fires and explosions, is referred to as the worst industrial disaster in America. The blast shattered windows from as far away as 25 mi (40 km). Large steel pieces were thrown more than a mile from the dock. The origin of the explosion was fire in the cargo on board the ship. Detonation of 3200 tons of ammonium nitrate fertilizer aboard the Grandcamp led to further explosions and fires. The fertilizer shipment was to aid the struggling farmers of Europe recovering from World War II. Although this industrial disaster was one of the largest involving ammonium nitrate, many others have been reported including a recent one in North Korea A chemical tank wagon explosion within the BASFs Ludwigshafen, Germany site An explosion at a chemical plant near the village of Flixborough The release of dioxins into the atmosphere and throughout a large section of the Lombard Plain. The disaster lead to the Seveso Directive, which was issued by the European Community and imposed much harsher industrial regulations Is the largest industrial disaster on record. A faulty tank containing poisonous methyl isocyanate leaked at a Union Carbide plant. The disaster caused the regions human and animal populations severe health problems to the present Improper mixing of chemicals. The worst confined-space industrial accident in U.S. history Explosion and fire. Registered 3.5 on the Richter scale An explosion at the AZF fertilizer factory. Extensive structural damage to nearby neighborhoods Construction Industry Description
Defence Industry Description A munitions explosion occurred at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine The cause of the fire at a Titan missile silo was determined to be a welding rod damaging a hydraulic hose allowing hydraulic vapors to leak and spread throughout silo, which were then ignited by an open flame source Energy Industry Description The coal mine fire began, forcing the gradual evacuation of the Centralia borough. The fire continues to burn in the abandoned borough in 2010, 48 years later The oil supertanker was shipwrecked off the western coast of Cornwall, causing an environmental disaster. This was the first major oil spill at sea Partial nuclear meltdown. Mechanical failures in the non-nuclear secondary system, followed by a stuckopen pressure-operated relief valve (PORV) in the primary system, allowed large amounts of reactor coolant to escape. Plant operators initially failed to recognize the loss of coolant, resulting in a partial meltdown. The reactor was brought under control but not before up to 481 PBq (13 million curies) of radioactive gases were released into the atmosphere The Ixtoc I exploratory oil well suffered a blowout resulting in the third largest oil spill and the second largest accidental spill in history A Texaco oil rig drilled into a salt mine transforming the Lake Peigneur, a freshwater lake before the accident, into a salt water lake Union Oil refinery explosion At the Chernobyl Nuclear Power Plant a test on reactor number four goes out of control, resulting in a nuclear meltdown. Fallout could be detected as far away as Canada. The Chernobyl Exclusion Zone, covering portions of Belarus and Ukraine surrounding Prypiat, remains poisoned and mostly uninhabited. Prypiat itself was totally evacuated and remains as a ghost town Shell Oil refinery explosion after hydrocarbon gas escaped from a corroded pipe in a catalytic cracker and was ignited An explosion and resulting fire on a oil production platform. To date it is rated as the worlds worst offshore oil disaster in terms both of lives lost and impact to industry The oil tanker hits Prince William Sounds Bligh Reef dumping an estimated minimum 10.8 million US gallons (40.9 million liters, or 250,000 barrels) of crude oil into the sea. It is considered to be one of the most devastating human-caused environmental disasters ever to occur in history. Overall reductions in population have been seen in various ocean animals, including stunted growth in pink salmon populations. Sea otters and ducks also showed higher death rates in following years, partially because they ingested prey from contaminated soil and from ingestion of oil residues on hair due to grooming. The effects of the spill continue to be felt 20 years later An explosion occurred at a British Petroleum refinery. It is the third largest refinery in the United States and one of the largest in the world, processing 433,000 barrels of crude oil per day and accounting for 3% of that nations gasoline supply. BP has since accepted that its employees contributed to the accident. Several level indicators failed, leading to overfilling of a knock out drum, and light hydrocarbons concentrated at ground level throughout the area. A nearby running diesel truck set off the explosion
A series of explosions at the Buncefield oil storage depot, described as the largest peacetime explosion in Europe, devastated the terminal and many surrounding properties. A large explosion occurred at a Kleen Energy Systems 620-megawatt, Siemens combined cycle gas-and oilfired power plant. Preliminary reports attributed the cause of the explosion to a test of the plants energy systems. The plant was still under construction and scheduled to start supplying energy in June 2010 An explosion and fire that resulted in a massive oil spill in the Gulf of Mexico, considered the largest offshore spill in U.S. history Equipment Failure, nuclear Meltdown and release of radioactive material following the tohoku earthquake and tsunami Food industry Description The mill was destroyed by a flour dust explosion. The mill was rebuilt with updated technology. The explosion led to new safety standards in the milling industry A large molasses tank burst and a wave of molasses rushed through the streets at an estimated 35 mph (56 km/h). The event has entered local folklore, and residents claim that on hot summer days the area still smells of molasses Locked doors trapped workers in a burning processing plant
A dust explosion occurred at a sugar refinery owned by Imperial Sugar Manufacturing Industry Description The large factory collapsed without warning Boiler explosion, building collapse and fire This was a major industrial disaster in the U.S. The fire led to legislation requiring improved factory safety standards and helped spur the growth of the International Ladies Garment Workers Union, which fought for better working conditions for sweatshop workers in that industry A fire started in a poorly built factory. Exit doors were locked and the stairwell collapsed A fire and explosion at a fireworks depot A ladle holding molten steel separated from the overhead iron rail, fell and tipped Collapse of clothing factory outside Dhaka Mining Industry Description The worst mine accident ever in Europe
The worst coal mine accident ever in the world Coal mine disaster Was a catastrophic collapse of a colliery spoil-tip
Consequences 500 deaths, 2000 injuries 3000 people suffered various deformities, severe mercury poisoning symptoms or death
207 fatalities 28 deaths 36 injuries 3000 pets and farm animals died, 70,000 animals were slaughtered, 193 people suffered from chloracne and other symptoms 20,000 deaths 570,000 injuries 5 deaths 23 deaths 314 injuries 29 deaths 2500 injuries Consequences 60 deaths 29 injuries Mechanics, vol. XI, no. 3 (March 1909); p. 193. Peter M. Hoffman, Safety First, The Chicago Medical Recorder, vol. 35, no. 12 (December 1913); the coroners firstperson account. George F. Samuel, Southwest Land and Lake Tunnel, Annual Report, Thirty-Fourth Annual Report of the Department of Public Works to the City Council of the City of Chicago for the Year Ending December 31, 1909, Amberg,
51 deaths
Consequences 320 deaths 53 deaths
Consequences Environmental damages
Environmental 19 deaths 50 deaths 4000 cancer deaths over time 600,000 most highly
7 deaths 42 injuries 2800 evacuations total cost arising from the Norco blast estimated at US$706 million 167 deaths US$ 3.4 billion in insured loss Environmental disaster 100,000 to as many as 250,000 seabirds died 2800 sea otters, approximately 12 river otters, 300 harbor seals, 247 bald eagles, and 22 orcas, and billions of salmon and herring eggs were destroyed
11 deaths 37 physical injuries, 2 radiation burn, clean up cost more than $ 250 Billion and future fatalities caused due to radiation leakages Consequences 18 deaths 21 deaths 150 injuries 25 deaths
Consequences 145 deaths 166 injuries 58 deaths 150 injuries
100 deaths
188 deaths, mostly young women 22 deaths 947 injuries 1500 damaged or destroyed homes Total cost US$300 million 32 deaths 6 injuries 1127 deaths, more than 2500 injuries Consequences 1099 deaths, including children
1549 deaths 300 deaths 144 total fatalities, including 116 children

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Date Chemical industry

Oppau Explosion, Germany

Minamata Disaster, Minamata Bay, Japan

Texas City Disaster, Texas

BASFs Ludwigshafen explosion, Germany Flixborough disaster, England

Seveso disaster, Seveso, Italy

The Bhopal disaster, India

Phillips Disaster, Pasadena, Texas

Chicago Crib Disaster

Willow Island disaster, Willow Island, West Virginia

Defense industry 1944 Port Chicago Disaster, Port Chicago, California

Little Rock AFB, Searcy, Arkansas

Energy industry 1962 Centralia, Pennsylvania

Torrey Canyon, Cornwall, England

Three Mile Island accident

Ixtoc I oil spill

Chernobyl disaster, Prypiat, Ukraine

Piper Alpha disaster, North Sea

Exxon Valdez oil spill, Long Beach, California

Texas City Refinery explosion, Texas City, Texas

Hertfordshire Oil Storage Terminal fire

2010 Connecticut power plant explosion, Middletown, Connecticut, United States

Deepwater Horizon oil spill, Gulf of Mexico

Food industry 1878 The Washburn A Mill, Minneapolis

The Boston Molasses Disaster

Hamlet chicken processing plant fire

Georgia sugar refinery explosion in Port Wentworth, Georgia, United States

Manufacturing industry 1860 Pemberton Mill, Lawrence, Massachusetts

Grover Shoe Factory disaster, Brockton, Massachusetts

Triangle Shirtwaist Factory fire, New York City

Kader Toy Factory fire, Thailand

Enschede fireworks disaster, Enschede, Netherlands

Qinghe Special Steel Corporation disaster

Mining industry 1906 Courrires mine disaster, Courrires, France.

Benxihu Colliery disaster, Benxi, Liaoning, China

Dhanbad coal mine disaster, Jharkhand, India

Aberfan disaster, Welsh

Explosion and fire. Registered 3.5 on the Richter scale

A munitions explosion occurred at the Port Chicago Naval Magazine

Union Oil refinery explosion

Locked doors trapped workers in a burning processing plant

A dust explosion occurred at a sugar refinery owned by Imperial Sugar

The large factory collapsed without warning

Boiler explosion, building collapse and fire

A fire and explosion at a fireworks depot

The worst mine accident ever in Europe

The worst coal mine accident ever in the world

Coal mine disaster

Was a catastrophic collapse of a colliery spoil-tip

1921 500 deaths, 2000 injuries

Oppau Explosion, Germany

Minamata Disaster, Minamata Bay, Japan

1947 578 deaths, 3500 injuries

Texas City Disaster, Texas

BASFs Ludwigshafen explosion, Germany Flixborough disaster, England

Seveso disaster, Seveso, Italy

20,000 deaths 570,000 injuries

The Bhopal disaster, India

23 deaths 314 injuries

Phillips Disaster, Pasadena, Texas

29 deaths 2500 injuries

Chicago Crib Disaster

Port Chicago Disaster, Port Chicago, California

Little Rock AFB, Searcy, Arkansas