The graph below shows the proportion of the population aged 65 and over between 1940 and 2040

in 3 different countries.

The graph shows the increase in the ageing population in Japan, Sweden and the USA. It indicates that the percentage of elderly people in all 3 countries is expected to increase to almost 25% of the respective populations by the year 2040. In 1940 the proportion of people aged 65 or more stood at only 5% in Japan, approximately 7% in Sweden and 9% in the US. However, while the figures for the Western countries grew to about 15% in around 1990, the figure for Japan dipped to only 2.5% for much of this period, before rising to almost 5% again at the present time. In spite of some fluctuation in the expected percentages, the proportion of older people will probably continue to increase in the next 2 decades in the 3 countries. A more dramatic rise is predicted between 2030 and 2040 in Japan, by which time it is thought that the proportion of elderly people will be similar in the 3 countries. (164 words) The graph shows estimated oil production capacity for several Gulf countries between 1990 and 2010.

The graph shows Oil Production Capacity in millions of barrels per day for selected Gulf countries. There are several features in this graph. The most significant feature is that oil production will increase sharply in almost all the countries shown. Kuwait and Iraq are both expected to double their output between 1990 and 2010, with Kuwait's production rising from 1.8 million barrels per day (bpd) in 1990 to 3.8 in 2010. Iran will also increase its output by a slightly smaller amount. After remaining steady at 2.5 million bpd from 1990 to 2000, the UAE's output is expected to approach 4.0 million bpd in 2010. Only Qatar's production is predicted to fall, back to 0.8 million bpd after a slight rise in 2000. However, the greatest increase will be from Saudi Arabia. In 1990, its output capacity at 8.5 million bpd exceeded the combined production of Iran, Iraq and Kuwait. This lead is expected to continue with a 75% increase in production to 14.5 million bpd 2010. In summary, while most of the countries are expected to show increases, Saudi Arabia will maintain and strengthen its position as the major producer. (191 words) The graphs below summarize the results of a survey carried out by the Department of Health about the overweight population in Britain with projections.

The first 2 graphs show a marked rise in obesity in Britain by 2010. The number of men who have a weight problem is estimated to be as high as 6.8 million in 2010, over 50% higher than in 2003. The increase in the women who have the same problem tends to be smaller, rising almost 30% from 4.7 million to 6 million. In children, it is another picture. The survey suggests that girls who are overweight will see a greater increase during the period 2003-2010 to more than 900 thousand, 100 thousand more than boys who have the same problem, although in 2003, there were more boys than girls suffering obesity, over 700 thousand versus about 690 thousand. As shown in the third graph, children in households where both parents are obese are twice as likely to be obese as those in households where 1 parent is obese (12.5%) and 5 times as those with parents having a healthy weight (5%). Overall, UKs obese population will grow in size, including both children and adults. While men are expected to outnumber women by 2010, girls will surpass boys. The children with at least 1 parent having a weight problem are more likely to be obese than those with parents having a healthy weight. (213 words)

The charts show forecasts for the annual reforestation rate in the selected regions and worldwide together with the current attitude towards concern for tree loss. Generally, it forecast that the reforestation rate in the 4 regions will grow until 2025, though at varying rates. It is projected that Ireland will have the highest rate in 2025 at 1.7% followed closely by Tasmania. The forecast for both regions for 2015 is the same at 1.5%. Hungary, by contrast, with the lowest projected rate throughout the period, will experience the greatest overall increase. It is anticipated that the figure will climb from 0.5% in 2006 to 0.6% and then rise more sharply to 1.1%. It is also worth noting that the reforestation rate in Thailand is anticipated to be exactly in line with the worldwide average for both 2015 and 2025, 1% and 1.3% respectively. Meanwhile, Hungary will be below the international rates, while both Ireland and Tasmania will exceed them. From the pie chart, it can be seen that there is some obvious concern about the need for planting more trees (concerned 39% and very concerned 25%), while at the same time there is a sizeable proportion of people who are not concerned. (202 words) The pie graphs show greenhouse gas emissions worldwide in 2002 and the forecast for 2030. The column chart shows carbon dioxide emissions around the world.

The graphs give past and future data concerning worldwide carbon dioxide emission. 5

As can be seen in the 2 pie charts, developing countries are expected to account for a bigger share of emissions in 2030, 48% compared to 38% in 2002. In contrast, OECD countries are projected to make up a lower proportion, 43%, 9% down over the same period. Countries with transition economies are estimated to take up the remaining 9% in 2030, 1% less than in 2002. The bar chart reveals that carbon dioxide emissions will expand to varying degrees in different sectors by 2030. Industry will continue to be the major producer of carbon dioxide, rising to more than 10 billion tons in 2030. Next comes the consumer sector, which is projected to more than double its emissions from less than 4 billion to 8 billion or more tons. Transportation, the third largest producer, will see a huge growth to 6 billion, triple the amount in 2002. By comparison, waste combustion and other sectors make up a much lower proportion, each producing an estimated 1 billion carbon dioxide. To summarize, developing countries will overtake OECD countries to become the major carbon dioxide emission producer by 2030. While industry is responsible for the highest amount of carbon dioxide emissions, consumer and transportation experience the greatest increases. The table below shows the projected costing over the next 5 years in American dollars for 3 environmental projects for sustainable forestry. The pie chart shows the expected expenditure breakdown allocation for the first year as the projects are set up.

The table illustrated expected cost of the three environmental projects in 3 different parts of the world in the next 5 years. The estimated cost of the African project in Year 1 is 10.5 million dollars, almost half of the projected cost for Central America (20 million) and about one third of the Asian project (30 million). It is predicted that West Africa will spend less money in the following years than in Year 1, falling to 3.5 million in Year 5. Central America shows a similar pattern. In Year 5 expected cost of project is 5 million dollars which is 4 times less than in year 1. However, in South East Asia in year 5 spending will rise to 50 million dollars. 6

Regarding the pre chart, 50% of projected cost will cover salaries. The rest 50% will be shared on training and office expenses, 10% each, while 30% is expected set up costs. To sum up South East Asia has the highest projected cost for environmental projects for the next 5 years. (173 words) Band: 7 Comments: The key points are presented logically and are suitably highlighted by cohesive devices. However, the overview could be more fully developed. The vocabulary range allows some flexibility of presentation. Sentence structures are varied, but some basic grammatical errors occur. The graphs below give information on the world population and the average number of children per family in developed and developing countries.

The graphs give information about global birth rates and population size. They predict that the global population growth rate will begin to decrease towards the middle of this century and will eventually stabilize at approximately 11 billion. Since the mid 20th century, the worlds population has risen dramatically, from 2 billion to 7 billion. However, we should soon begin to see a fall in the population growth rate that will become more marked as we move into the 22nd century. These changes are largely due to falling birth rates in developing countries. In 1950, the average number of children per family in developing countries was 6.2. Between 1950 and the present day, this figure has fallen significantly to 3.3 and it is predicted to decrease further to 2.1 children per family in 2050. Birth rates have also fallen in developed countries over the past 50 years, from 2.8 children per family to 1.6. Projected figures for 2050 show a slight increase in the birth rate in these areas and predict, interestingly, the same birth rate for both developing and developed countries. (181 words) 7