Hizkia Yosie Polimpung yosieprodigy@google.

com

BEYOND TECHNOBOHEMIAN AND CYBERTARIAT DIVIDE: DOUBLE IMPLICATIONS OF NETWORK LOGIC

Technology is social before it is technical Gilles Deleuze

Structure
Philosophy of control, before and within

network Materiality of network Implications of network logic

On the concept of (user-)agency Contemporary IR

On Technologies of Control
Michel Foucault
From Sovereign Society Disciplinary Society From royal power to pastoral/disciplinary power Power is understood in terms of administration of bodies & calculated management of life (Biopolitics) The right of sovereignty was the right to take life or let live. And then this new right is established: the right to make live and to let die. (Society Must Be Defended) Technology of control: Cartography Panopticon

 Gilles Deleuze
From Disciplinary Society Societies of control From disciplinary power to protocol power Tech of control: Panopticon Diagram (a map that

is co-extensive with the whole social field)

societies of control operate with a third generation of machines, with information technology and computers.

Parallalels
Adorno & Horkheimer (and Mandel): Late capitalism

as an administered society Manuel Castellss information age with flexible accumulation Friedrich Kittlers passages from kingdom of sense to kingdom of patterns

(Galloway, 2004, 27)

Materiality of network
Computer network
Types:

Centralized network Decentralized network Distributed network

(Galloway, 2004)

Control in network
Protocol
Set of recommendation and rules that outlines

specific technical standards conventional rules that govern:

how specific technologies are agreed to, adopted, implemented, and ultimately used the set of possible behavior patterns within a heterogeneous system
Thus, it is a technique for achieving voluntary

regulation within a contingent environemnent.

 Paradox
IP uses an anarchic and highly distributed model,

with every device being an equal peer to every other device on the global internet. (Internet Core Protocol: The Definitive Guide, 2000) IP (Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol) vs DNS (Domain Name System) IP gateway to an anarchic realm DNS focuses control into rigidly defined hierarchy
Maps network addresses to network names (via IP resolutiondomain name conversion to IP address) Each branch holds absolute control over everyhting below it
Networked relations has multiple, nested protocols the content of every new protocol is always another protocol

 Whats wrong with protocol?

Its not that protocol is bad, but that protocol is

dangerous Renders us passive rathern than emancipates us Homogenizing apparatus

Distributed systems require for their operation a homogenous standard of interconnectivity (Branden Hookway, 1999)
protological control also affects the functioning of

bodies within social space an the creation of these bodies into forms of artificial life that are dividuated, sampled, and coded (Deleuze, 1986)
Dividuation: the opposite of individuation; the dissolving of individual entity into distributed networks of information.

Implications
Web 2.0.
UGC user generated content Not concerning the technology, but the logic! Only social purpose to destroy P2P (or PC2PC) logic of networks Signifies the birth of participative culture (?) Participation is not equal to contribution (strata: active creators, critics, collectors, joiners) User, in UGC, thus signifies Collapsing traditional dichotomies Amateurs vs professionals work as play (AOL) Volunteers vs employees indirectly delegating staffs job Anonymous users vs stars/net-celebs self-rating/self-voting

Cybertariat
New form of labor in information age which

deprived of:

Access to infrastructure Knowledge of programming language Leads to technology fetishism

New role of user (whatever its stratum)

Set of target for advertising agencies Commodified technobohemians (Bill Lessard & Steve

Baldwin, 2000)

a new form of labor (cybertariat; Ursula Huws, 2003)

Content provider Data provider (via metadata; for profiling and indexing

of behavior, for statistical purpose, hence for company profile; for spamming advertising)

Network Logic in IR
World Economic Forum 2011
New Reality Kompleksitas resiko global (NOT global-ized, but peculiar to globalization itself; by-product of globalization) Mengacaukan prediksi & rationale kebijakan pemerintah Delegitimizing states authority
(e.g. Nouriel Roubini, G-O instead of G-8/G-20)

Clusters of Global Risk 1. Macroeconomics imbalances 2. Illegal economy 3. Scarcity of energy-food-water trinity

The purpose of this [forum] is not to eliminate risk, but to inspire decision makers to engage collectively to global risk Klaus Schwab

WEFs (renewed) Technology of control

Reinstating legitimacy and power of controls
State Sovereignty Capitalism Market

Risk Response Network of WEF 2011

Aiming at remedying existing global order

(consisting of state & capitalism)

In short, a (re)new(ed) global order

networked globalization

Counter balance this commotion, were not droplets in the ocean MUSE, Unnatural Selection

Terima Kasih Hizkia Yosie Polimpung yosieprodigy@live.com